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Medieval Medieval EuropeEurope
(500 – 1500)(500 – 1500)
The Middle Ages or Medieval Europe is the
1,000 year period after the fall of Rome and before the
Renaissance.
I. Geography:A. Europe is on the western end of Eurasia.
B. Natural Resources:
• Dense forests• Fertile soil• Rich minerals• Seas
Fall of Rome
Dark Ages in W. Europe
Tribal Warfare
Money is not used
Greek & Roman learning forgotten
No central gov’t
Literacy declined
A. Farmers and herders1. No written laws 2. Created small
kingdoms
Not these Franks!
B. The Franks- most powerful in Gaul (France)
1. Clovis
• 1st King of the Franks
• Allied (supported) with the Roman Catholic Church
2. The Battle of Tours- In 732 CE, the Franks defeated the
Muslims in Spain.
DON’T WRITE THIS
This could have changed European history! Christians did not want Islam to spread into Europe, even though they learned science and math from Arab Muslims.
C. Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
1. 800 CE- king of the Franks
2. Pope Leo III named him Roman Emperor
3. Legacy• Blended and spread Christian,
Roman and German culture• Efficient gov’t (bureaucracy)
• Set up schools
Curriculums, or formal courses of study, included reading, grammar, math, music, and astronomy.
Don’t write this!
Peace Out, Charlemagne!
When Charlemagne died in 814, his empire fell apart as his heirs fought over it.
Don’t write this!
4. The Treaty of Verdun divided the empire.
5. This became the Holy Roman Empire.
Feudal Hierarchy
Draw this in your notes! (the best you can)
Feudalism- A political system that exchanges land
for military service.
DON’T WRITE THIS!–Lords gradually became
more powerful than kings as they acquired more land.
King or lord
Was required to give a
fief (land)
Vassal Was required to
give
loyalty & military service
I. Feudalism (Political)
II. Social• Kings and Lords were at the top of
the social hierarchy.
• Knights- mounted warriors–Chivalry- code of conduct for knights –be brave, loyal, polite
• By the 1100’s, fighting declined so lords held tournaments (fake battles) to entertain people.
• Serfs- peasants who worked the lord’s land –They couldn’t leave without permission
–They paid for the lord’s protection in food and labor (no $$).
DON’T WRITE THIS!• Role of Women
– Noblewomen managed the household and were in change when men were away.
– Rights:• Received a limited inheritance• Arranged marriages, expected to have many
kids• Few knew how to read and write• Chivalry raised women to a new status. They
were protected and cherished.
III. EconomicManorialism-
an economy where land, not money, is the basis of wealth
Manor- the lord’s estate including the town, peasant houses, church, and fields- It was self-sufficient, which slowed trade
• Three-field system- two fields planted, one left fallow fallow (empty) to regain fertility
Europe was isolated BUT, there were advanced civilizations in the Middle East, South Asia, and China!