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Medieval Churches & CathedralsBy Wesley Warner and Olivia
Leroux
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Evolution of the Medieval
CathedralThe time in which the cathedrals were built was a very uncertain time. Lifeexpectancy was short, food was scarce, population was low, and finances werelacking. Builders had to build on a huge scale without access to time savingtools that we have today, like cranes and hoists. To build a cathedral, stonecarvers, carpenters, a master mason, an architect, a master stone cutter,
laborers, a stone dresser, a black smith, plumbers, a roofer, mortar makers, aglazier or glass maker, a stained glass craftsman, and sculptors were needed.
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Cross-in-Square 537 A.D.
This church, in 537 A.D. of
the medieval times, is built
in thecross-in-squarestyle which was made
famous from the Hagia
Sophia (Holy WisdomChurch in
Constantinople. This
church became thecapital of the Byzantineempire. This was a major
breakthrough in OrthodoxChristian Church
architecture.
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Stability and Peace, 1000 A.D.
In 1000 A.D., throughout
times of turmoil, a churchwas a unit of stability and
peace. Monasteries hadinfluenced land
developments and theRomanesque and Gothic
architecture styles weredeveloped and greatly
focused upon.
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Styles of Architecture
During the Medieval Times,
there were two maintypes of architecture.These two styles werethe basic architecture ofm o s t m e d i e v a lcathedrals. These stylescons i s ted of GothicA r c h i t e c t u r e a n dR o m a n e s q u e S ty l eA r c h i t e c t u r e
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Romanesque Architecture
Descending from Roman
customs, RomanesqueArchitecture is a cathedral
style architecture made upof semi-circular, pointed
arches. With high qualitythick walls, sturdy piers,
large towers, groin vaultsand decorative arcading,
this Romanesque stylebecame very popular for
all cathedral architectureduring the Medieval Ages.
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Gothic Architecture
Gothic architecture is a namethat evolved along with theMedieval era. First know as"the French style," this type ofarchitecture evolved fromRomanesque styleconstruction and was giventhe name "gothic" during theconclusion of theRenaissance. With a great
range of designs, gothicarchitecture was applied toseveral cathedrals, parishchurches, abbeys, palaces,castles and manymore famous structures ofEurope.
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Parts of the Gothic Cathedral
1 & 2. North &South Tower
3. Western faade
4. Narthex
5. Nave
6. Aisles
7. Crossing
8 & 9. North &South Transept
10. Choir
11. Apse
12. Ambulatory
13. Chapels
14. Flying
Buttresses
15. Rose
Window
16. Spire
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Characteristics of Gothic Cathedrals
Flying Buttress Ribbed Vault Pointed Arch
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Materials Used in Gothic Cathedrals
Limestone
Red Sandstone
Purbeck Rock
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