Medições em Receptores de TV Digital ISDB-Tb TV • DVB-S/S2 • DirectTV • ISDB-S • ABS-S Digital Video/Broadcast Audio Landscape –Technology Standards Worldwide Set-Top-Box

Medições emReceptores de TV

Digital ISDB-TbAbril. 2014

Cyro Hemsi

Eng. Agilent

Agenda

• DTV Receivers - Laboratory Tests

• Signal & interference - Field Tests

• Summary

Satellite TV• DVB-S/S2• DirectTV

• ISDB-S

• ABS-S

Digital Video/Broadcast Audio Landscape – Technology Standards Worldwide

Set-Top-Box

Cable TV• DVB-C/C2

• ITU J.83B

• ISDB-C

• DOCSIS

Terrestrial TV• DVB-T/T2

• ISDB-T/Tmm• ATSC

• DTMB(CTTB)

Mobile TV• DVB-H

• DVB-SH

• ISDB-T 1-Seg• CMMB

• T-DMB

• S-DMB

• ATSC-M/H

• DVB-T2 Lite

Broadcast Audio• AM/FM

• FM Stereo/RDS

• DAB/DAB+

• ISDB-TSB

• HD Radio

• XM

• DRM/DRM+

• CDR

RussiaDVB-T/T2European

DVB-T/H/T2

DVB-SH/S/S2

DVB-C/C2

DAB/DAB+

DRM/DRM+

Brazil, ArgentinaDVB-S/S2

ISDB-T/TB

USAATSC・・・・ATSC-M/H

DVB-S/S2

DirectTV

XM Radio

HD radio(IBOC)

J83.Annex-B

KoreanATSC

T-DMB

S-DMB

ChinaDTMB/CMMB

ABS-S

AustraliaDVB-T

DAB/DAB+

VietnamThailandDVB-T/T2

Worldwide Digital Video & Audio Broadcasting

JapanISDB-T/TSB/Tmm

ISDB-S

ISDB-C

Hong KongDTMB, CMMB

South AfricaDVB-T/T2

Analo

g V

ideo

MP

EG

Encodin

g

Modula

tion I

/Q

RF

Sig

nal U

pc

Transmitter

RF Analysis

Modulation Analysis

MPEG Analysis

Video AnalysisR

F S

ignal D

ow

nc

Dem

odula

tion

MP

EG

Str

eam

Vid

eo D

ispla

y

Receiver

Tra

nsm

issio

n C

hannel

MPEG Streaming

Video Sig Gen

RF Gen.

I/Q Modulation

Digital Video Typical Transmission System

Our focus

today

Tx Test

Analyzers

Rx Test

Sources

Testing Receivers for ‘real’ Radio/ Transmission Channel impacts-interference…

Intentional radiators • Broadcast radio and television

• Cellular

• Satellite

• Radar

• Mobile radio

• WLAN

• Cordless phones

Active interference

sources

0 deg

90 deg

IF LO

I/Q Demodulator

ADC BB FilterSymbol

Decoder

I

Q

Receiver

Received signal

Internal Noise

IQ Impairments

-Imbalance

-Offset

-Time delay

Incorrect Coefficients

DAC/DSP Error

Phase & amplitude

flatness

Distortion/ spurious

Internal Noise

Phase & amplitude

flatness

Demod algorithmsPhase & amplitude

flatness

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

RF

Frequency

stability

Receiver performance ‘real’ challenges

Freq. stability

Receiver

Gain

Noise Figure

Phase Noise

Spurious

Conversion Loss

Noise Figure

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter0 deg

90 deg

IF LO

I/Q Demodulator

ADC BB FilterSymbol

Decoder

I

Q

RF

Subjective Video quality

Or Chipset BER report

Receiver MER (BB)

Multi-tone distortion

Test (amplitude flatness)

Phase Noise

Receiver Test & Measurements toolsLaboratory Tests

Amplitude flatness

Phase Noise

Noise Figure

Receiver MER (RF)

With impairments:

- Interference (LTE,…)

-AWGN Noise

-Phase noise plateau

Signal generation

Subjective Video quality

Or Chipset BER report

Receiver RF Front End MeasurementsIn-/Out of- Band Spectrum

Test objectives

Verify RF signal and noise power amplitude and

frequency after LNB

Test requirements

Signal generator, ISDB-T Signal creation SW,

spectrum analyzer

Test results

Signal and noise spectrum, channel power, OBW,

ACP, Spurious

Test setup

Next slide


EXG/ MXG Signal Generator

MXA Signal Analyzer

10 MHz Reference

RF Input

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

LNB/ RF Front-end

N7623B Signal Studio for Digital TV

Signal and Noise Power vs. frequency


Channel Power

Occupied Bandwidth

Adjacent Channel Power

Spectral Mask

Receiver RF Front End MeasurementsAmplitude Flatness

Test objectives

Verify amplitude response linearity of LNB, over modulated

signal bandwidth

Test requirements

Signal generator, Multi-tone distortion Signal creation SW,

spectrum analyzer

Test results

LNB amplitude response over entire OBW using a

corrected multi-tone stimulus as input

Test setup

Next slide



MXA Signal Analyzer

10 MHz Ref.LAN

RF Input

Signal Studio for Multi-tone Distortion

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

LNB/ RF Front-end

Initial

Calibration


Issues

• Errors will manifest themselves as EVM

• Important because ISDB-T 6 MHz wide BW

• Need to test individual components, i.e.

Amplifiers, Filters, Mixers, etc

How to test

• Using multi-tone signals

– Space tones over BW of interest

– Correction techniques enable with

flatness of a few tenths of a dBSignal Studio for Multitone Distortion


Multi-tone Performance with Corrections

• 50 Tones

• Spaced over 100 MHz

Before Corrections After Corrections

Note: Scale per div is 0.2 dB in each graph Corrected flatness is a few tenths of a dB!

Receiver RF Front End MeasurementsNoise Figure

Test objectives

Verify incremental noise produced inside the LNB (amplifiers, mixers, filters)

Test requirements

Signal generator, Calibrated noise source, spectrum analyzer, Noise Figure Msmt. Application

SW

Test results

Noise Figure measurement

Test setup

Next slide

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

Input

Output

Signal/Noise Degradation

CF = 850 MHz Span = 100 MHz

dB

m


(S/N)in

(S/N)out

• Multiplied S/N ratio degradation effect due to cascading amplifiers

- Lower NF reduces bit error rate in digital receivers;- Lower NF allows smaller antennas: 1dB reduction in NF has approximately the same effect as increasing the antenna diameter by 40%.



MXA Signal Analyzer

RF Input

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

LNB/ RF Front-end

Noise Source

N9069A Noise Figure Msmt. Appl.


S/N in

S/N out

Receiver RF Front End MeasurementsPhase Noise

Test objectives

Verify the quality of LNB local oscillator signals, used for

down-convertion

Test requirements

Signal generator, spectrum analyzer, Phase Noise Msmt. Application SW

Test results

Phase Noise measurement

Test setup

Next slide



MXA Signal Analyzer

10 MHz Reference

RF Input

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

LNB/ RF Front-end

N9068A Phase Noise Msmt. Appl.f0

f0

-Evaluate stability of local oscillators in the RF Front-end-Measure Phase noise for multiple frequency offsets in Log Plot or at Spot frequencies


Receiver RF Front End MeasurementsSensitivity/ dynamic range

Test objectives

Verify the sensitivity/ dynamic range of the receiver

Test requirements

Signal generator, ISDB-T Signal generation SW, spectrum analyzer, N6155A ISDB-T

Measurement Application, MER, HDTV receiver, Chipset BER

Test results

Sensitivity level by reducing the input power, measuring Subjective video quality

Test setup

Next slide

Receiver Baseband MeasurementsSensitivity/ dynamic range



Subjective Video Quality/ MER

0 deg

90 deg

IF LO

I/Q Demodulator

ADC BB FilterSymbol

Decoder

I

Q

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

MXA Signal Analyzer

N6155A

with analog BBIQ opt.

Chipset BER

Optional

RF/ Baseband

Modulation Error Rate (MER) Digital Modulation Analysis

64 QAM ConstellationQ

I

Random Noise

Phase Noise

AM Distortion

PM Distortion

Delay Distortion/ISI

Interference

Ideal Symbol Point

Receiver RF Front End MeasurementsIncreased Phase Noise

Test objectives

Verify the Rx demodulation quality with increased Phase noise produced by the generator

Test requirements



Test results

Demodulation quality vs. increased Phase Noise, measuring Subjective video quality

Test setup

Next slide

Receiver Baseband MeasurementsIncreased Phase Noise (under impairment)


0 deg

90 deg

IF LO

I/Q Demodulator

ADC BB FilterSymbol

Decoder

I

Q

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

Chipset BER


N6155A

MXA Signal Analyzerwith analog BBIQ opt.


Optional

RF/ Baseband

+ Phase Noise

Pedestal Phase Noise Set at -90 dBc/Hz

MXG non-impaired phase noise characteristic at -125 dBc/Hz

N5182A MXB Phase Noise Plots

Receiver Baseband MeasurementsIncreased Phase Noise

Receiver RF Front End MeasurementsSynchronization range

Test objectives

Verify the Rx demodulation quality varying the received frequency range using the generator

Test requirements



Test results

Demodulation quality vs. increased synchronization range, measuring Subjective video quality

Test setup

Next slide

Receiver Baseband MeasurementsSynchronization range (under impairment)


0 deg

90 deg

IF LO

I/Q Demodulator

ADC BB FilterSymbol

Decoder

I

Q

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

Chipset BER


N6155A



Optional

RF/ Baseband

+ Freq offset

Receiver RF Front End MeasurementsSelectivity (digital)

Test objectives

Verify the Rx demodulation quality increasing adjacent/ co-channel digital interfering signal and

AWGN powers using the generator

Test requirements


Measurement Application, MER, HDTV receiver , Chipset BER

Test results

Demodulation quality vs. increased interfering signal and AWGN powers, measuring Subjective

video quality

Test setup

Next slide

Interfering Signals

• Digital and analog signals

• Can receiver correctly reject interfering carriers?

• Selectivity tests

• Blocking tests

• NEW: LTE @ 700MHz

Receiver Baseband MeasurementsSelectivity

Receiver Baseband MeasurementsSelectivity

0 deg

90 deg

IF LO

I/Q Demodulator

ADC BB FilterSymbol

Decoder

I

Q

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

Adjacent/ co-channel digital interfering signal, AWGN

Chipset BER

Subjective Video Quality/

MER

N6155A



N7623B Signal Studio

for Digital TV

N7625B Signal Studio for LTE

Optional

RF/ Baseband

April 17, 2014

Confidentiality Label

34

LTE Co-existence with DTV @ 700MHzMigration Plan

Example - LTE Co-existence with DTV @ 700MHz

Measurement result of minimum sensitivity level of DTV due to interference from LTE UE in US band plan

※ Measured LTE UE ACLR

LTE UE channel

BandwidthACLR 1 ACLR 2

3MHz 51 dB 69.3 dB

5MHz 34.9dB 54.1 dBFrom Samsung

Receiver RF Front End MeasurementsI/Q impairments

Test objectives

Verify the Rx demodulation quality varying I/Q impairments using the generator

Test requirements



Test results

Demodulation quality vs. increased I/Q impairments, measuring Subjective video quality

Test setup

Next slide

Receiver Baseband MeasurementsI/Q (under impairment)

MXG Signal Generator


0 deg

90 deg

IF LO

I/Q Demodulator

ADC BB FilterSymbol

Decoder

I

Q

RF Filter IF Amp

RF LO

LNA

IF Filter

Gain Imbalance

Quadrature Error

DC Offset

Chipset BER

N6155A


Optional

RF/ Baseband

Subjective Video Quality/

MER

+ IQ Impairments

Ideal(square)

Measured(rectangle)

IQ Constellation

QPSK Summary Table

Gain Imb. = 1.02 dB

(Ideally 0 dB)

Receiver Baseband MeasurementsI/Q impairments

Ideal(square)

Measured(parallelogram)

IQ Constellation

QPSK Summary Table

Quad. Error = 5.9 deg.

(Ideally 0 deg*)

* meaning that I and Q are ideally 90 deg. apart


Ideal(square)

Measured(square)

IQ Constellation

QPSK Summary Table

IQ Offset = -22 dB

(Ideally < -60dB)


Constelação com MER = 35dB



Agenda



• Summary

Ambient Man-Made Radio Noise

Frequency (Hz)

Me

dia

n N

ois

e a

bo

ve

kT

B (

dB

) Antenna connected

Input terminated

Interference Classifications• In-band interference

• Co-channel interference

• Out-of-band interference

• Adjacent channel interference

• Uplink interference

• Downlink interference

In-Band and Co-Channel Interference

Causes:

Two different communication systems

at same frequency band

Out-of-Band Interference

Causes:

improper filtering, non-linearity and/or leakage

Adjacent Channel Interference

Channel power Adjacent channel power

Causes:

generated by modulation, switching transients, and

intermodulation distortion

Downlink and Uplink Interference

Interference

Interference

Uplink spectrogramDownlink spectrogram

frequency channel re-use, co-located transmitters

Near-Far Conditions

Analyzer display

All signals enter analyzer’s front-end

Potential overload ofanalyzer’s front-end

f2

f1

f1 f2

two or more wireless services operatorsat adjacent channels

Key Analyzer Specifications

Frequency range

Displayed Average Noise Level

(DANL)

Also,

• RBW filter

• Preamplifier

• Third order intercept

• Phase noise

• Spurious

RBW and PreamplifierLower RBW improves DANL Preamp ON

Wideband

signal

Narrowband

signal

Narrow-band signals (BW < RBW)

Wide-band signals (BW > RBW)

RBW=1 kHz

RBW=100 Hz

Preamp ON

RBW=1KHz

Same signal level, lower DANL (improve SNR)

Lower signal level, lower DANL (same SNR)

Reducing RBW:

Preamp OFF

Antenna Configurations

Antenna connected directly

Omnidirectional

Antenna cabled to analyzer

High gain

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

Horizontal plane

Vertical plane

Omni

High gain

Antenna patterns

High Gain versus Omnidirectional Antenna Types

Yagi

Whip

Amplitude Correction and Field Strength

Amplitude correction = antenna gain - cable loss

Correction factors editorCorrections .csv

Field strength units

FieldFox

Clear/Write and Max Hold Display Modes

Max hold trace

Frequency hopping

carrierFixed carrier

Spectrogram Display Mode

Time

Frequency

Amplitude scale

Frequency hopping

carrier

Fixed carrier

Zero Span Display Mode

Time

Trigger LevelDuration of Signal @ fcenter

Cable and Antenna Measurement Basics

Distance to Fault Measurements

Return loss in frequency

domain

Return loss in

time domain

Frequency span

Distance

Inverse FFT

Cable Loss: 1-Port and 2-Port Insertion Loss

1-port cable loss- Cal ready- Measure return loss of the

cable and save it to memory- Connect short or leave it

open at end of cable- Enable DATA-TRACE

2-port insertion loss- Mechanical 2-port cal- Measure insertion loss

2-port insertion is more

accurate, but 1-port

cable/insertion loss has

adequate accuracy for long

cable measurement where 2-

port measurements cannot be

performed

VNA Architecture and Features

• 4-receiver architecture

• Calibration supported:• CalReady and QuickCal

• 1 port calibration, Full 2 port calibration, unknown thru calibration, QSLOT, Waveguide Calibration and TRL

• Response and enhanced response

• User defined cal kit

• Measurements:• S-parameters (mag and phase)

• Group delay, electrical delay, port extension

• Smith chart, polar chart, impedance

Filter / Diplexer Measurement

4 S-parameter measurements Filter bandwidth measurement

Agenda



• Summary

Page

66

Agilent digital video and broadcast audio solution portfolio

PXA N9030A

MXA N9020A

CXA N9000A

E4438C ESG

Signal GenerationSoftware

Signal GeneratorFading and MIMO Simulation

Signal Analyzer/Receiver

Signal Analysis Software

N5106A PXB

X-Series

N5182B/72B MXG/EXG

N5182A MXG

E8267D PSG

EXA N9010A


For Digital Video


For Broadcast Audio

N/W9063A Phase Noise

Meas Application

X-Series Digital Video

Meas Application

89601B SW

Network Deployment

Test

N991x/2x

RF Analyzer

N934x

Handheld SAN6171A

MATLAB softwareM9381A PXI VSG

RF and microwave combination analyzers

Microwave vector network analyzers (VNA)

Microwave spectrum analyzers

Base: Cable and antenna analyzer

Key options: - Spectrum analyzer

- Vector network analyzer

- Vector voltmeter

- Built-in power meter

All FieldFox options are available and upgradeable.

Base: Transmission/reflection VNA

Key options:- Full 2-port S-parameters

- Two-port QuickCal

- Time domain

- Cable and antenna analyzer

- Vector voltmeter


Base: Spectrum analyzer

Key options:- Full-band tracking generator

- Full-band preamplifier

- Interference analyzer & spectrogram

- Reflection measurements


14 new FieldFox handheld analyzers 4, 6.5, 9, 14, 18 and 26.5 GHz

Muito Obrigado!

Documents

Medições em Receptores de TV Digital ISDB-Tb TV • DVB-S/S2 • DirectTV • ISDB-S • ABS-S Digital Video/Broadcast Audio Landscape –Technology Standards Worldwide Set-Top-Box