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SEPTEMBER 2000 VOLUME 67 • NUMBER 9 • ISSN 0891-1150 TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATED TO LIFELONG LEARNING AND T JNIC JÖURNAIPF MEDICINE FROM THE EDITOR Is CME test useful? 608 Do you have any suggestions? We hope to hear from you. J.D. CL0UGH 1-MINUTE CONSULT Brief answers to specific clinical questions What do you recommend for a patient 610 with a Pap smear indicating atypical cells? The finding of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) should prompt a test for human papillomavirus. A.W. KENNEDY What tests are necessary to diagnose Alzheimer disease? For most patients with dementia, a clinical diagnosis is adequate. R.J. LEDERMAN MEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS 615 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: How to manage it, how to avoid it What to do when heparin paradoxically causes the very problem it is given to prevent. E. CAI0LA REVIEWS 621 Treating acute exacerbations of chronic 625 bronchitis in the face of antibiotic resistance With bacterial resistance on the rise, selecting the right antibiotic is crucial. S.G. ADAMS AND A . ANZUETO Vaginitis: Finding the cause 634 prevents treatment failure To diagnose and manage vaginitis, there is no substitute for performing a physical and microscopic examination. A. CLEVELAND CONTINUED ON PAGE 607 JOHN D. CLOUGH, MD Editor-in-Chief BRIAN F. MANDELL, MD, PHD Deputy Editor LINDA K. H ENGSTLER Editor and Publisher PHILLIP E. CANUTO Executive Editor RAY BORAZANIAN Managing Editor DAVIDA. HUDDLESTON Manuscript Editor JESSICA ANCKER, ELS Editorial Services BRUCE W. MARICH Production Manager AMY SLUG6 MOORE Patient Education Editor MARY BETH GLAUSER Patient Education Writer JOHN E. PRESSELLO Art Director ROBERT J. DEMAREST Medical Art Director NANCY HEIM, CMI Medical Illustrator ERMA RICHARDSON Department Coordinator LOUISA R. PASKERT Editorial Assistant AUDRA BUTDORF Editorial Assistant/Reprints EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD MUZAFFAR AHMAD, WD WILMA FOWLER BERGFELD, MD EMMANUEL L. BRAVO, MD RAY W. GIFFORD, JR, WD WILLIAM R. HART, MD ERIC A. KLEIN, MD FLOYD D. LOOP, MD DOUGLAS S. MOODIE, MD RICHARD H. NODAR, =HD WILLIAM L. PROUDFIT, MD WILLIAM C. SHELDON. MD ERIC J. TOPOL, MD HERBERT P. WIEDEMANN, MD ASSOCIATE EDITORS ALEJANDRO C. ARROLIGA, MD DAVID BRONSON, MD BEN H. BROUHARD. MD MARIE BUDEV, DO WILLIAM D. CAREY, WD WILLIAM A. CHILCOTE, MD BRIAN G. DONLEY, MD GARY FRANCIS, MD KATHLEEN FRANCO-BROMSON, MD STEVEN M. GORDON, VID BRIAN GRIFFIN, MD HITINDER GURM, MD GARY HOFFMAN, MD BYRON J. HOOGWERF, MD MANI S. KAVURU, MD MANDY C. LEONARD, PHARMD ANGELO A. LICATA, MD, PHD DAVID L. LONGWORTH, MD STEPHEN MAHONEY, MD MAURIE MARKMAN, MD ATUL C. MEHTA, MD NEIL B. MEHTA, MD FRANKLIN A. MICHOTA, MD STEVEN NISSEN, MD ROBERT M. PALMER. MD NORMAN B. RATLIFF, MD S. SETHU K. REDDY, MD MARK ROTH, MD DOUGLAS SEIDNER, MD CATHY A. SILA, MD FRANCK SKOBIERANDA, MD HOLLY L. THACKER, MD JAMES THOMAS, MD DONALD G. VIDT, MD WILLIAM S. WILKE, MD MARC WILLIAMS, MD JAMES B. YOUNG, MD ZOBAIR YOUNOSSI, MD CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION DIVISION OF EDUCATION ANDREW J. FISHLEDER, MD Chairman PHILLIP R. GARD Administrator The Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine (ISSN 0891-1150) is published 12 times yearly by The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. STATEMENTS AND OPINIONS expressed in the Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine are those of the authors and not necessarily of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation or its Board of Trustees. AUTHOR DISCLOSURES: Current guidelines state that participants In CME activities should be made aware of any affiliation or financial interest that may affect an author's article as well as any discussion of off-label drug therapies. All authors, except those indicated with an asterisk and a footnote with the article, have disclosed that they do not have a conflict of interest or will not discuss off-label therapies. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: U.S.and possessions: personal $85: institutional S108; single copy/back issue SI 3. Foreign: 5108; single copy/back issue SI 3. Institutional (multiple-reader rate) applies to libraries, schools, hospitals, and federal, commercial, and private institutions and organizations. Individual subscriptions must be in the names of, billed to, and paid by individuals. POSTMASTER ADDRESS CHANGES: Cleveland Clink Journal of Medicine, NA32,9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44195 SUBSCRIPTIONS, EDITORIAL, REPRINTS, AND PRODUCTION: (same address as above) Phone (216) 444-2661 • Fax (216) 444-9385 • E-mail [email protected] http://www.ccjm.org ADVERTISING: Joseph Dennehy, Director, Sales and Marketing, 120 Castle Ridge Rd, Manhasset, NT 11030 • Phone (516) 365-8640 • Fax (516) 365-0587 3 CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE VOLUME 67 • NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER 2000 COPYRIGHT© 2000 THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION PRINTED IN U.S.A. on June 19, 2021. For personal use only. All other uses require permission. www.ccjm.org Downloaded from

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  • SEPTEMBER 2000 VOLUME 67 • NUMBER 9 • I S S N 0891-1150

    T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S

    D E D I C A T E D T O L I F E L O N G L E A R N I N G

    AND T JNIC J Ö U R N A I P F

    M E D I C I N E FROM THE EDITOR

    Is CME test useful? 608 Do you have any suggestions? We hope to hear from you.

    J .D. C L 0 U G H

    1-MINUTE CONSULT

    Brief answers to specific clinical questions

    What do you recommend for a patient 610 wi th a Pap smear indicating atypical cells? The finding of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance ( A S C U S ) should prompt a test for human papillomavirus.

    A . W . K E N N E D Y

    • What tests are necessary to diagnose Alzheimer disease? For most patients with dementia, a clinical diagnosis is adequate.

    R.J. L E D E R M A N

    MEDICAL G R A N D ROUNDS

    615

    Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: How to manage it, how to avoid it What to do when heparin paradoxically causes the very problem it is given to prevent.

    E. C A I 0 L A

    REVIEWS

    621

    Treating acute exacerbations of chronic 625 bronchitis in the face of antibiotic resistance With bacterial resistance on the rise, selecting the right antibiotic is crucial.

    S.G. A D A M S AND A . A N Z U E T O

    Vaginitis: Finding the cause 634 prevents t reatment failure To diagnose and manage vaginitis, there is no substitute for performing a physical and microscopic examination.

    A . C L E V E L A N D

    CONTINUED ON PAGE 607

    JOHN D. CLOUGH, MD Editor-in-Chief

    BRIAN F. MANDELL, MD, PHD Deputy Editor

    LINDA K . H ENGSTLER Editor and Publisher

    PHILLIP E. CANUTO Executive Editor

    RAY BORAZANIAN Managing Editor

    DAVIDA. HUDDLESTON Manuscript Editor

    JESSICA ANCKER, ELS Editorial Services

    BRUCE W. MARICH Production Manager

    AMY SLUG6 MOORE Patient Education Editor

    MARY BETH GLAUSER Patient Education Writer

    JOHN E. PRESSELLO Art Director

    ROBERT J. DEMAREST Medical Art Director

    NANCY HEIM, CMI Medical Illustrator

    ERMA RICHARDSON Department Coordinator

    LOUISA R. PASKERT Editorial Assistant

    AUDRA BUTDORF Editorial Assistant/Reprints

    E D I T O R I A L A D V I S O R Y B O A R D MUZAFFAR AHMAD, WD WILMA FOWLER BERGFELD, MD EMMANUEL L. BRAVO, MD RAY W. GIFFORD, JR, WD WILLIAM R. HART, MD ERIC A. KLEIN, MD FLOYD D. LOOP, MD DOUGLAS S. MOODIE, MD RICHARD H. NODAR, =HD WILLIAM L. PROUDFIT, MD WILLIAM C. SHELDON. MD ERIC J. TOPOL, MD HERBERT P. WIEDEMANN, MD

    A S S O C I A T E EDITORS

    ALEJANDRO C. ARROLIGA, MD DAVID BRONSON, MD BEN H. BROUHARD. MD MARIE BUDEV, DO WILLIAM D. CAREY, WD WILLIAM A. CHILCOTE, MD BRIAN G. DONLEY, MD GARY FRANCIS, MD KATHLEEN FRANCO-BROMSON, MD STEVEN M. GORDON, VID BRIAN GRIFFIN, MD HITINDER GURM, MD GARY HOFFMAN, MD BYRON J. HOOGWERF, MD MANI S. KAVURU, MD

    MANDY C. LEONARD, PHARMD ANGELO A. LICATA, MD, PHD DAVID L. LONGWORTH, MD STEPHEN MAHONEY, MD MAURIE MARKMAN, MD ATUL C. MEHTA, MD NEIL B. MEHTA, MD FRANKLIN A. MICHOTA, MD STEVEN NISSEN, MD ROBERT M. PALMER. MD NORMAN B. RATLIFF, MD S. SETHU K. REDDY, MD MARK ROTH, MD DOUGLAS SEIDNER, MD CATHY A. SILA, MD FRANCK SKOBIERANDA, MD HOLLY L. THACKER, MD JAMES THOMAS, MD DONALD G. VIDT, MD WILLIAM S. WILKE, MD MARC WILLIAMS, MD JAMES B. YOUNG, MD ZOBAIR YOUNOSSI, MD

    C L E V E L A N D C L I N I C F O U N D A T I O N D I V I S I O N OF E D U C A T I O N ANDREW J. FISHLEDER, MD Chairman PHILLIP R. GARD Administrator

    The Cleveland Clinic Journal o f Medicine (ISSN 0891-1150) is published 12 times yearly by The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.

    STATEMENTS A N D OPINIONS expressed in the Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine are those of the authors and no t necessarily of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation or its Board of Trustees.

    AUTHOR DISCLOSURES: Current guidel ines state that part ic ipants In CME activi t ies should be made aware o f any af f i l ia t ion or f inancial interest tha t may af fect an author 's article as wel l as any discussion of of f - label drug therapies. Al l authors, except those indicated w i t h an asterisk and a foo tno te w i t h the article, have disclosed tha t they do not have a conf l ic t of interest or w i l l not discuss off- label therapies.

    SUBSCRIPTION RATES: U.S.and possessions: personal $85: inst i tut ional S108; single copy/back issue SI 3. Foreign: 5108; single copy/back issue SI 3. Institutional (multiple-reader rate) applies to libraries, schools, hospitals, and federal, commercial, and private insti tut ions and organizations. Individual subscriptions must be in the names of, bil led to, and paid by individuals.

    POSTMASTER ADDRESS CHANGES: Cleveland Clink Journal of Medicine, NA32,9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44195

    SUBSCRIPTIONS, EDITORIAL, REPRINTS, AND PRODUCTION: (same address as above) Phone (216) 444-2661 • Fax (216) 444-9385 • E-mai l [email protected] h t t p : / / w w w . c c j m . o r g

    ADVERTISING: Joseph Dennehy, Director, Sales and Market ing, 120 Castle Ridge Rd, Manhasset, NT 11030 • Phone (516) 365-8640 • Fax (516) 365-0587

    3 CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE VOLUME 67 • NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER 2000 COPYRIGHT© 2000 THE CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION PRINTED IN U.S.A.

    on June 19, 2021. For personal use only. All other uses require permission.www.ccjm.orgDownloaded from

    mailto:[email protected]://www.ccjm.orghttp://www.ccjm.org/

  • SEPTEMBER 2000

    UPCOMING FEATURES • Diastolic dysfunction:

    Causes ana t r e a t m e n t

    • Genetic testing for thrombosis risk: W h e n , how, w h y

    • Troponin T as a marker of myocardial infarction

    • GERD in t h e elderly: Special problems

    • Tricyclic overdose: Still common, deadly

    • Can bra in- tumor pat ients receive ant icoagulat ion?

    • Helping your pat ient lose w e i g h t

    • Can ant i - in f lammatory drugs help heart failure?

    • VISIT OUR WEB SITE AT HTTP://WWW.CCJM.ORG

    CONTINUED FROM PAGE 602

    IM BOARD REVIEW

    A 42-year-old woman with polyarthritis 647 What is the cause of this patient's symptoms? A self-test on a clinical case.

    R . A . H A J J - A L I AND B.F. M A N D E L L

    REVIEW

    Diabetic gastropathy: 659 A practical approach to a vexing problem A stepwise approach can improve symptoms and quality of life while providing adequate nutrition.

    B. SHEN AND E.E. SOFFER

    REVIEW

    Osteoarthritis: No cure, 665 but many options for symptom relief For most patients, management options consist of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy. Disease-modifying drugs may be on the horizon.

    R.H . M C K I N N E Y AND S . M . L I N G

    REVIEW

    Long-term medical complications 673 of heart transplantation: Information for the primary care physician Caring for heart-transplant recipients is a team effort, and primary care physicians play a key role.

    M . H . Y A M A N I AND R . C . S T A R L I N G

    EDITORIAL

    If it ain't broke, wha t are w e trying to fix? 682 Reprocessed devices labeled 'for single use only' A new FDA rule will enrich the manufacturers of medical devices and saddle us with another layer of bureaucracy. All to fix a nonexistent problem.

    J.D. C L O U G H , W . M A U R E R AND D.E . N I C K E L S O N

    DEPARTMENTS

    CME Credit Test 687

    H T h e Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine is peer-reviewed and indexed in Index Medicus.

    CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE VOLUME 67 • NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER 2000 6 0 7

    on June 19, 2021. For personal use only. All other uses require permission.www.ccjm.orgDownloaded from

    http://www.ccjm.org/