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Medical Terminology
EMS Program
University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics
Paramedic Training Division
The Language of medicine
To effectively communicate:
Those whowork in medicine must speak and
understand the same language
Medical Terminology
There are three potential parts of a medical term
Tonsil + itis = Tonsillitis
rootsuffix med term
Prefix
Root word
Suffix
Gastr/oPneum/oMening/oCyst/oEdemNeur/oAlveol/o
OvNephr/oHemoHepat/oOcul/oCholePyret/o
Often refers to an anatomical part
Conveys the essential meaning
Root Words
Examples of Root-Root words
Sternoclavicular
Musculoskeletal
Genitourinary
when 2 root words or a root-suffix are added, sometimes a combining vowel will be added to make it easier to speak
Brady-cardiaTachy-cardiaApneaBilateralAmbidextrous
Prefixes…
are never used alone
add a quantifier, color or a position to a word.
Common Prefixes
suprainfracostchole
subcystdysendoolig
sometimes a prefix is also a root!clear as mud~
Bad, painful, difficult
gallbladder
Beneath, under
urinary/bladder/sac of fluid
rib
above
inside
scanty/small amount
Suffixes…
found at the end of the word to alter the meaning of the word
describes a condition/diagnosis/disorder/procedure
Hematotoxic
Important suffixes
otomy
to create an opening
ectomy
to remove
ology
the study of
Inflammation of
itis
centesis
surgical perforation/puncture
odyn/o
pain
lysis
break down/separation
ostomy
surgical incision
More important suffixes…..
algia
painemia
blood condition
plasty
to repair
rrhea
drainageosis or ia
a condition
pathy
paresis
rrhagia
uria
esthesia
pnea
oma
tumor
And even more suffixes…
nervous sensation
breathing
urination
bursting forth
disease
weakness
Combining Vowel
use when joining….
root to root (gastrohepatitis)
OR
root to a suffix that begins with a consonant(cardiomegaly)
Easy & straightforward….right???
Ot/oAur/oAuricul/o
Opthalm/oOptic/oOpt/o
osisicia
PeriAmbipercircum
The anatomy & dissection of a medical term
Pericardiocentesis
The aspiration of fluid from thepericardium (sac of fluid) around theheart
Costochondritisprefix
combining vowel
root word (x2)Suffix
The anatomy & dissection of a medical term
Inflammation of the ribs/cartilage
The anatomy & dissection of a medical term
Lithotripsy Endocarditis
SubsternalPeriorbital
Supraventricular tachycardia
Antipyretic
paronychia
Common medical terms
Stridor SyncopeStatus epilepticus
Iatrogenic
Idiopathic
AphasiaHyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Rales
Frontal or Coronal plane divides anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) (#1)
Sagittal Plane runs vertically through the
body (#2)
Transverse or horizontal plane divides superior and inferior (#3)
Anatomical Planes imaginery straight line divisions of the body
Anatomical Position
Standing up with the feet and hands facing the examiner
Always refer to the patient’sleft or right, not yours
Abbreviations
Use only approved abbreviations to avoid confusion
Be mindful of capitalized & lower case letters
Abbreviations can cause legal nightmares
Remember the purpose of documentation
The mother called because the childwoke up coughing and appears to have difficulty breathing.
4 yo child found sitting in a tripod position. Alert, follows commands,skin warm, dry & pink. RR 12,able to appreciate intermittent episodes of stridor with deep barky cough. No intercostal or substernal retractions noted.