MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Complete! CHAPTER Second Edition The Skeletal and Muscular Systems 6

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

CompleteComplete!!

CHAPTER

Second EditionSecond Edition

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

6

Medical Terminology: Complete!, Second EditionBruce Wingerd

Multimedia Directory

Slide 23Muscle Atrophy VideoSlide 25Muscular Dystrophy VideoSlide 39Arthritis VideoSlide 41Carpal Tunnel Syndrome VideoSlide 47Bone Healing AnimationSlide 58Osteoporosis VideoSlide 74Arthroscopy Video


Learning Objectives

• Define and spell the word parts used to create medical terms for the skeletal and muscular systems.

• Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.


Learning Objectives (cont.)

• Build medical terms from word parts associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.

• Pronounce and spell common medical terms associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.


The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

• Are combined to form the musculoskeletal system

• Work hand in hand to support the body and produce body movement

• Are subject to injury and inherited disorders, as well as diseases


Figure 6.1 Parts of a bone


Anatomy and Physiology:Word Parts

• arthr/o, articul/o • burs/o • carp/o • chondr/o


Anatomy and Physiology:Word Parts (cont.)

• condyl/o • cost/o • cran/o, crani/o • fasci/o



• femor/o • fibr/o • fibul/o • ili/o • ischi/o



• menisc/o• muscul/o• my/o, myos/o • myel/o



• orth/o• ost/o, oste/o • pariet/o • patell/o • ped/o• petr/o



• phalang/o • phys/o • pub/o • radi/o



• sacr/o • skelet/o • spondyl/o• stern/o



• synov/o, synovi/o • tars/o • ten/o, tendon/o • vertebr/o


Anatomy

• Musculoskeletal system Muscles Bones


Figure 6.2The bones of the skeleton. The skeleton, anterior view.


Figure 6.3The major muscles of the human body, anterior side.


Pathophysiology Terms

• Orthopedics• Orthopedist

Source: vectomart / Shutterstock.com


Signs and Symptoms: Word Parts

• a- • brady- • dys- • hyper-


Word Parts (cont.)

• arthr/o • kinesi/o • my/o • tax/o • ten/o • troph/o


Word Parts (cont.)

• -a • -algia, -dynia • -ia • -y


Audio Pronunciations

• Arthralgia• Ataxia• Atrophy• Bradykinesia• Decalcification

a-

-y

= without

= process of

troph/o= development


Muscle Atrophy Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of muscle atrophy.

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Audio Pronunciations (cont.)

• Dyskinesia• Dystrophy• Hypertrophy• Myalgia• Tenodynia


Muscular Dystrophy Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of muscular dystrophy.

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Diseases and Disorders:Word Parts

• a- • epi- • para- • poly- • quadri-


Diseases and Disorders:Word Parts (cont.)

• ankyl/o • arthr/o • burs/o • carcin/o • carp/o



• chondr/o• condyl/o • fibr/o • kyph/o • leuk/o



• lith/o • lord/o • menisc/o • myel/o

• my/o, myos/o



• ost/o, oste/o • por/o • sarc/o • scoli/o • spondyl/o



• synov/o, synovi/o • ten/o, tendon/o



• -algia• -asthenia • -cele• -emia



• -genesis• -itis • -malacia • -oma• -osis


Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.)

• -plasia • -plegia • -ptosis



• Achondroplasia• Ankylosis

a-

-plasia

= without

chrondr/o

= cartilage

= formation


Figure 6.4 AchondroplasiaSource: itanistock/Alamy



• Arthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis

• Inflammation

Source: painless/Fotolia


Figure 6.5BProgressive changes of rheumatoid arthritis.


Arthritis Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of arthritis.

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• Arthrochondritis• Bunion• Bursitis• Bursolith• Carpal tunnel syndrome


Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of carpal tunnel syndrome.

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• Carpoptosis• Cramps• Degenerative joint disease (DJD)• Duchenne muscular dystrophy

carp/o

-ptosis

= wrist

= drooping



• Epicondylitis • Fibromyalgia syndrome


Fractures

• Fracture Colles’ Comminuted Compression Displaced


Fractures (cont.)

• Fracture Epiphyseal Greenstick Nondisplaced Pott’s Spiral


Figure 6.6 Common bone fractures


Bone Healing Animation

Click here to view an animation on the topic of bone healing.

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• Gout• Herniated disk


Figure 6.7 Gout


Figure 6.8 Herniated disk



• Kyphosis• Lordosis• Scoliosis


Figure 6.9 Spinal disfigurements



• Marfan’s syndrome• Meniscitis• Myasthenia gravis• Myeloma

menisc/o

-itis

= meniscus

= inflammation



• Myocele• Myositis• Osteitis• Osteitis deformans



• Osteosarcoma• Osteogenesis imperfecta• Osteomalacia• Osteomyelitis

oste/o

-malacia

= bone

= softening



• Osteoporosis• Paraplegia• Quadriplegia• Polymyositis• Rickets

poly-

-itis

= many

= inflammation

myos/o = muscle


Figure 6.10 Osteoporosis


Osteoporosis Video

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• Rotator cuff injury• Spinal cord injury• Spondylarthritis• Sprain• Strain


Figure 6.11 Sprain



• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease

• Tendonitis• Tenosynovitis


Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts

• arthr/o • burs/o • chondr/o • cost/o • crani/o


Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.)

• electr/o • fasci/o • lamin/o • my/o• orth/o • ost/o, oste/o



• spondyl/o • syn/o • ten/o • vertebr/o



• -centesis • -clasia, -clasis • -desis • -ectomy • -gram



• -graphy • -iatry • -ist • -lysis• -pathy



• -plasty• -rrhaphy • -scope • -scopy • -tic • -tomy



• Arthrocentesis• Arthroclasia


Figure 6.12 Arthrocentesis



• Arthrodesis• Arthrogram• Arthrolysis

-desis

= surgical fixation

arthr/o= joint



• Arthroplasty• Arthroscope• Arthroscopy• Arthrotomy

Arthroscopy


ArthroscopySource: piotrwzk / Shutterstock.com


Figure 6.13 Arthroscopic surgery


Arthroscopy Video

Click here to view a video on the topic of arthroscopy.

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• Bursectomy• Chiropractic• Chiropractor• Chondrectomy

chrondr/o

-ectomy

= cartilage

= excision



• Chondroplasty• Costectomy• Cranioplasty• Craniotomy



• Diskectomy• Spinal fusion• Spondylosyndesis• Laminectomy



• Electromyography• Fasciotomy

electr/o

-graphy

= electricity

= recording process

my/o = muscle



• Fracture reduction Closed reduction Open reduction



• Fracture reduction Internal fixation External fixation Bone grafting Electrical bone stimulation


Internal fixation Source: © Sphotography/ Dreamstime.com


External ring fixation technique in orthopedic medicinesima / Shutterstock.com



• Myoplasty• Myorrhaphy• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)



• Orthotics• Orthotist• Prosthesis



• Ostectomy• Osteoclasis• Osteopathy



• Osteoplasty• Podiatry• Tenomyoplasty

ten/o

-plasty

= tendon

= surgical repair

my/o = muscle



• Tenorrhaphy• Tenotomy• Vertebroplasty


Abbreviations

• ACL• CTS• DJD• DMD• DO• EMG


Abbreviations (cont.)

• HNP• MG• NSAIDs• OA• ortho



• RA• ROM• SCI• THR• TKA



• TKR• TMJ• C1 through C7• T1 through T12• L1 through L5


Combining Form Quiz

1.cost/o a. straight2.orth/o b. curved3.arthr/o c. rib4.kyph/o d. hump5.scoli/o e. joint

Documents

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Complete! CHAPTER Second Edition The Skeletal and Muscular Systems 6