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Medical Image Processing and
Analysis
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Medical Imaging Modalities
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Three orthogonal directions of the medical imaging of the
human body
Medical Imaging in Clinical Trials
Chapter 1. Medical Imaging Modalities
Computed Tomography (CT)
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Radiography/X-Ray
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Computed Tomography
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
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PET/CT scanner
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Ultrasound Techniques
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Grayscale Ultrasound
Doppler Ultrasound
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Subsampling
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The number of gray levels
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An Image Processing Pipeline
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Linear Diffusion
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Nonlinear Diffusion
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Image Enhancement in the Spatial Domain
Spatial domain
refers to the image plane itself, and approaches in this category
are based on direct manipulation of pixels in an image.
Frequency domain
based on modifying the Fourier transform of an image.
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Some Basic Gray Level Transformations
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Image Negatives
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Log Transformation
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Gamma Correction
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Histogram Processing
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Histogram Equalization
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Specified Histogram
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Image Subtraction
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Image Averaging
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Spatial Filtering
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Image Averaging
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Median filters
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Sharpening Spatial Filters
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Gradient
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Frequency Domain
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Lowpass/highpass Filtering
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Color Images
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Color Models
CMY and CMYK Color Models
HIS Color Model
When human view a color object
Hue (H)
Saturation (S)
Brightness or intensity (I)
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Wavelets
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DWT for Noise Removal
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Image Compression
Lossless compression
Lossy compression
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Wavelet coding
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Bilevel (binary) image compression standard
• CCITT Group 3 standard - facsimile (FAX) coding
• CCITT Group 4 standard - facsimile (FAX) coding
• JBIG - facsimile (FAX) coding
Still-frame monochrome and color image compression
• JPEG - still-frame image compression (DCT)
• JPEG 2000 – using Wavelet transform
Sequential-frame monochrome and color compression
• H.261 - video teleconferencing
• MPEG 1 - “entertainment quality” video compression (e.g., CD-ROM)
• MPEG 2 - cable TV, narrow-channel satellite broadcasting
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Morphological Image Processing
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Image Segmentation
Edge Detection
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Thresholding
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Region Growing
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Region Splitting and Merging
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Watersheds
Watershed lines
Regional minimum Dam
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Watersheds Parameters (1)
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Watersheds Parameters (2)
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Watersheds Parameters (3)
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Multiscale 3D Segmentation
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Surface Rendering
Surface rendering (right) of four anatomical structures in the Visible
Female head and neck
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Surface Processing
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Registration
3D CT to MR-T1 Rigid Registration
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3D PET to MR-T2 Rigid Registration
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Non-rigid Registration
3D Inter-subject MR subject MR-PD Deformable Registration
Deformable Registration
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Representation and Description
Boundary Descriptor
Regional Descriptor
Texture Smoothness, coarseness, and regularity
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Texture- Smooth, Coarseness, and regular
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Classification
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Neural Networks
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