Media timelineJosh Broadhead

Film.• In 1878, the first film was produced. Eadweard Muybridge was hired

as a photographer to aid in proving that all four of a horse’s feet are simultaneously off the ground while it is galloping. He took 12 images and placed them together to produce his motion picture. In order for him to view these images, he used a Kinetoscope and the film was called “The Horse in Motion”.

• In the silent era of film, linking the image with synchronous sound was not possible for inventors and producers, since no practical method was devised until 1923. For the first thirty years of their history, films were silent. Some films would be accompanied by live musicians and sometines even commentary spoken by the showman or projectionist. Towards the end of the silent era, The Golden Age of Hollywood began.

Film.• In 1905, the first movie theatre was opened in Pittsburgh, Penn . It was

purely devoted to showing motion pictures and was named “Nickelodeon”. Some of the first films shown here were called “Poor But Honest” and “The Baffled Burglar”. After the huge success of this theatre, thousands more were opened in American cities.

• The Golden Age of films were made during the era between 1930 and 1960.There are milestones in Film History, technically or socially; made when moralistic censorship was at its peak. One of the most iconic films of The Golden Age is King Kong (1933).

• The first animated feature “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” was show in 1937 by Walt Disney.

Film.• Titanic hits theatres in 1997 and is the most expensive film of all time

costing between $250 and $300 million to produce and market. Just one year later, it becomes highest-grossing film of all time, taking in more than $580 million domestically. Titanic is also given a record-tying 11 Academy Awards, including those for Best Picture and Best Director (James Cameron).

• Avatar is released in 2009 and beats Titanic for the highest-grossing film of all time by taking in a total of $2,781,505,847 (Titanic $2,185,372,302). Avatar also sparked the high popularity of 3d films. Nowadays nearly all highly-anticipated are filmed in 3D, but can also be viewed 2D.

Thriller

• Alfred Hitchcock's silent film 'The Lodger' was the first of its kind and helped to shape the modern day thriller genre. Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was an English film director and producer. He pioneered many techniques in the suspense and psychological thriller genres.

• One of the earliest spy films was Fritz Lang‘s ‘Spies’ (1928), the director's first independent production, with an anarchist international conspirator and criminal spy character named Haghi (Rudolf Klein-Rogge), who was pursued by good-guy Agent No. 326 (Willy Fritsch) (aka Det. Donald Tremaine, English version) . This film influences the James Bond films of the future. 

• In 1940, the Oscar-winning ’Rebecca’ which is about the unusual romance between a young woman (Joan Fontaine) and an emotionally-distant rich widower (Laurence Olivier) – overshadowed by a vindictive housekeeper (Judith Anderson). This was

Thriller• The next very popular and influential thriller was the shocking

and engrossing thriller Psycho (1960) after Hitchcock's classic films of the 1950s. This film has one of the best-known scenes in all of cinema history, the shower scene. Psycho, at it's basis, inspired many of the serial killer and slasher movies that we see today. Psycho was one of the first horror films that gains popularity by taking the horror away from a monster, and putting it into a person. This time, the person was the monster in the form of Norman Bates.

• Up to present day, physiological thrillers are one of the most popular out there such as The Talented Mr. Ripley (1991). There is also another very popular style of thriller which involves detectives/FBI. The Silence of the Lambs (1991) is a great example of this as the film was the third film to win Oscars in all the top five categories: Best Picture, Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay. It is also the first winner of Best Picture widely considered to be a horror film.

Magazine Cover

• In the beginning of magazines, they did not always have covers. In 1700’s, many magazine used the front page as a table of contents.

• When some of the early magazine did use covers, they would only have a small image in the center, a title and contain no descriptive information on what the magazine contains.

• In 1844, Mothers Magazine was the iconic third type of cover, where the illustration is used to portray a belief.

• In 1872, magazines started to use cover lines, and images more heavily. However some magazines still used the front page to show the contents, but would also include the cover lines above it.

Magazine Cover

• In the late 1896, the magazine ‘Chaperone’ used multiple illustrations on the cover, and rather than displaying the contents, they showed the categories included in the magazine, e.g. art, music, literature, etc.

• In the early 1900’s, many illustrators began to emerge into the magazine industry. This Vogue magazine shows a huge image, overpowering the rest of the cover, even the magazine’s name. Cover lines were still rarely used, and when they were used, there were very few of them that didn’t fully explain what was inside.

Magazine Cover• Coming up to mid 20th century, simply having an

image started to die out, and cover lines were taking over. Some major magazines had previously started to use cover lines and this is one of the first occasions where cover lines were given an independence, where the image was moved to make room for them. Before this the cover lines and image were placed together and were thought of equally.

• In one of Vogue’s magazines published 1972, they started to underline certain coverlines to emphasise their important.

• Coming close to the 2000’s, cover lines were seen as strong, large, loud and colorful, compete with photographs.

Magazine Cover

• In 2001, 92% of magazine used cover lines, this caused the model to withdraw to become a smaller image.

• So far, magazines nearly always use coverlines, and there are very rare occasions where the image will be in black and white. The only time this would happen is to create an effect,, otherwise it would be noticeable from the shelf.

Posters• According to John Hazelton (a movie poster expert), the first movie poster ever made is said

to be in1890. It was made by Jules Cheret to promote the short film "Projections Artistiques." Most of these early movie posters only stated the movies name, and no or little information.

• Movie poster then begun to grow in the 1920’s, the production companies realised the value of movie posters and the influence it has on the public. They were only first seen in or outside the actual theatres, however, they started to appear on billboards.

• One of the most iconic movie posters of all time is the King Kong poster in 1930. It was released around the time of The Wizard of Oz film, which also had a very memorable poster.

Posters

•After 1940, all posters produced typically had the year it was released in, for example, “60/165 number” meant that "60" for the year 1960 and then the number "165" denoted the film was the 165th film released in that year. This was only used up until the 1980’s.

•In 1980’s, special effects started to appear regularly. This caused cinemas to open more screens, leading to the creation of mini sheets.

•Computerised production of movies started and therefore, there was the availability of posters to be created that way. They were produced as one sheets again, alongside the mini sheets.

•In 2000-present, movie poster have been available to be purchased as well as the reprints or previous movies.