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camera techniques
Camera JargonA filmed image is called a
shot
Changing between two shots is called a Cut
A shot of something other than main action is called a
Cutaway
There are three very important things you need to think about when you’re shooting:
Framing Angle Movement
FramingDivide the frame into nine squares
In interviews the eyes should be about a third from the top of the frame
If you put points of interest on the intersections the image will be more balanced
You should leave some looking room for them talk into
Types of shots
When you’re framing a shot you need to think about how close or far away you want to be from the object or person.
Extreme wide shot
Great way to establish a scene and give the video context
Normally used to show buildings or landscapes
Not much detail, but it gives the viewer lots of information
Long shot
Show an object or person in life-size
Normally include some background
Main focus is the object or person
Mid shot
Shows the object or person in a bit more detail
If it’s a person you’ll normally show the top half of their body
Used for scenes that involve talking
Close up
Concentrate on specific details and faces
A very personal shot because you wouldn’t normally get that close to someone or something
Gives the viewer lots of information and detail
Extreme close up
Even more intense close up
Captures things that the eye wouldn’t necessarily see
Could be an eye or a mouth
Angles of shots
When you’re framing a shot different angles can convey different messages
Birds eye
Shows a scene from directly overhead
Achieve by getting to a higher level and shooting downCan make the action feel less significant and unintimidating
Can make the action feel less significant and unintimidating
High angle
Less extreme version of the birds eye
Raise the camera above the action or person and shoot down
Can make the object or person seem smaller and less intimidating
Viewer feels in control of the scene
Eye level
What you’d see if you were look at the person or objectA very neutral shot that makes the viewer feel like they are being spoken to
This is how most interviews are filmed
Achieve by positioning the camera directly in line with the action or person
Low angle
Looks slightly up at the action or person
Helps to create authority in the scene
Make an interview or object look important
Achieve by putting the camera at a low level and shoot slightly upwards
tilted
Shows a scene at a slanted angle
Used to give a package an artistic or quirky interpretation of a scene
Makes a scene more interesting and dramatic
Achieved by moving the camera slightly sideways
Movement
A sequence can be developed by moving the camera with the action Takes longer than still shots and gives the viewer a sense of real time
Panning
Moving the camera horizontally along with the action or landscape
Keep the object or person in the centre of the frame
Could be following a person into a building or walking along
Tilting
Moving the camera vertically along with the action or landscape
Could shoot from the sky to a building to get a sense of size
Another way to establish a scene – think about TV sitcoms
zooming
Magnifies an images
Allows you to go from a wide shot to a close shot without any cuts
Try and keep the camera still
Experiment with different speeds to see which one looks best. Fast zooms are more intense and can create excitement. Slower zooms give more detail