MECHANIZATION & TECHNOLOGY DIVISION FINAL REPORT

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS WELFARE

(Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare)

MECHANIZATION & TECHNOLOGY DIVISION

FINAL REPORT

ON

MONITORING, CONCURRENT EVALUATION AND IMPACTASSESSMENT OF SUB-MISSION ON AGRICULTURAL

MECHANIZATION

76-C, INSTITUTIONAL AREA, SECTOR –18, GURGAON,HARYANA –122 015

MAY, 2018

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MONITORING, CONCURRENT EVALUATION AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF

SUB-MISSION ON AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION

FINAL REPORT

CONTENTS

CHAPTER CHAPTER’S NAME PAGE NO.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E-1 to E-4

1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 to 1-3

1.1 Introduction 1-11.2 Sub-Mission Components 1-11.3 Objectives of Sub-Mission on Agriculture

Mechanization1-2

1.4 Need of the Present Study 1-21.5 Objectives of Present Assignment 1-3

2 APPROACH FOR THE STUDY 2-1 to 2-22.1 Approach Adopted for the Study 2-12.2 Key Performance Indicators for M&E of various

Intervention under SMAM2-2

3 METHODOLOGY 3-1 to 3-83.1 Methodology 3-13.2 Zone wise Distribution of Study Area 3-13.3 Study / Field Team Organization 3-13.4 M&E of Activities Undertaken by FMTTIs, ICAR

Institutions and Agriculture Universities3-2

3.5 Sample Size for Monitoring and Concurrent Evaluation 3-23.6 Sample Size for M&E of Financial Assistance for

Procurement of Agriculture Machinery & Equipment /Promotion of Farm Mechanization in the SelectedVillages

3-4

3.7 Selection of Custom Hiring Centers / Hi-Tech. HighProductive Equipment Hub for Custom Hiring

3-5

3.8 Sample for Exposure Visits 3-53.9 Collection of Data & Processing 3-63.10 Methodology for Assessment of Farm Power

Availability at District Level3-7

3.11 Output of the Study 3-84 COLLECTION OF FIELD DATA AND ANALYSIS 4-1 to 4-68

4.1 Evaluation of Training Component 4-14.1.1 Feedback Analysis of Trainees who were Trained at

FMTTIs/Different States4-3

4.2. Evaluation of Testing Component 4-11

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4.2.1 Feedback Analysis of Manufacturers who got theirMachines Tested at FMTTIs/ Designated Centres

4-25

4.3 Evaluation of Demonstrations 4-294.3.1 Feedback Analysis of Demonstrations conducted by

different FMT&TIs / State Governments4-31

4.4 Evaluation of Beneficiaries who Availed Subsidy forPurchasing Agricultural Machinery

4-33

4.4.1 Ease of Getting Subsidy for Purchase of Implements 4-394.4.2 Source of Awareness, Information About SMAM

Programme and Price of Implements Purchased4-41

4.4.3 Average cost of Implement, Subsidy Availed andSource of Funding

4-42

4.4.4 Feedback Analysis of Beneficiaries of FinancialAssistance for the Procurement of VariousAgricultural Machinery and Equipment

4-44

4.5 Evaluation of Custom Hiring Centres (CHC) and Hi-Tech Hubs

4-58

4.5.1 Feedback Analysis of Custom Hiring Centres 4-614.5.2 Establishment, Functioning and Services Provided by

Custom Hiring Centres and Farm Machinery Banks4-66

4.5.3 Cost Economics of CHC, Hi-Tech CHC and FMB 4-674.6 Evaluation of Demonstration, Training and

Distribution of Post-Harvest Technology andManagement

4-68

5 ANALYSIS OF FARM POWER AVIALABILITY,MECHANIZATION GAPS & FUTUREREQUIREMENTS

5-1 to 5-64

5.1 Analysis of Farm Power Availability 5-1 to 5-345.2 Mechanization Gaps and Future Requirements 5-35 to 5-625.3 Region Specific Machinery Requirement 5-63 to 5-64

6 SMAM MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE 6-1 to 6-267 RECOMMENDATIONS 7-1 to7-11

Annexure-A Study / Field Team Organization A-1Annexure-B Beneficiaries Surveyed who Availed Subsidy for the

Procurement of Agricultural MachineryB-1 to B-7

Annexure-C Manufacturers Surveyed who got their MachinesTested at various Testing Centres

C-1 to C-4

Annexure-D District-wise Farm Power Availability in differentStates

D-1 to D-38

Annexure-E Crop-wise and State-wise Farm Machinery Suggested forPromotion and Popularization

E-1 to E-4

Annexure-F References F-1Annexure-G Photo Gallery G-1 to G-10

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM), a centrally sponsored scheme

for promotion of farm mechanization was launched by the Ministry of Agriculture and

Farmers Welfare in the year 2014-15 for its implementation through State Department of

Agriculture, FMT&TIs, selected agricultural universities and ICAR institutes for a period

of five years.

2. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare awarded a study for monitoring,

concurrent evaluation and impact assessment of SMAM to WAPCOS Ltd on 19.09.2016

for the implementation year 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 to be completed in one year

in order to strengthen the future plan period.

3. The main components of the scheme are; training, testing and demonstrations of farm

machinery and equipments, establishment of custom hiring centre, subsidy through state

departments of agriculture for purchase and distribution of farm implements to the

farmers and promotion of post harvest technology for encouraging primary processing.

4. The WAPCOS designed the sampling plan and deputed various teams and consultants to

all states in India. The questionnaire was designed for each component and field

investigators were imparted training to collect data as per proforma and sampling plan.

5. The expert team consisting of consultants and officers from Regional and Project Office

of WAPCOS visited a number of places, FMTTIs, Testing centers of SAUs and ICAR

institutes and sample custom hiring centers. Meetings with Govt officials, reputed

manufacturers, farmers, trainees, testing team were held to collect the basic informations

and to monitor the status of farm mechanization and extent of fulfillment of objectives of

scheme (SMAM).

6. The field data collected between Sep' 2016 to June' 2017 has been fed using appropriate

computer software and was analyzed and has been reported.

7. The study indicated that total trainees trained in four FMT&TIs were 23,716 nos. against

the target of 21,000 nos., during the year 2014-17. But the trainees, mostly were from

surrounding areas / Districts and people from far-away places remained reluctant in

getting training from far off institutes. Thus, there is a need to establish new FMTTIs in

various states for extending training infrastructure in untouched areas for wider publicity

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and adoption of farm mechanization. The skill enhancement level / satisfaction level of

trainees was found to be 99.6%.

8. It has been noticed that 3621 agril. machines have been tested in the entire nation. The

FMTTIs share is 26.7% and authorized testing centre share is 73.3%. The contribution of

RAU Pusa, IARI Pusa and IIT Kharagpur is only 1% which is not satisfactory. So the

progress and performance of all authorized testing centers should be reviewed every three

years. Therefore guidelines for approval of testing centers as well as for staff requirement

as per target especially for sub-professional technical staff should be prepared.

9. The purpose of testing of agril. machinery indicated that 30.4% were for availing subsidy

and 15.9% for design improvement. Whereas 87.5% manufacturers were satisfied with

the testing regulations and procedures adopted by the testing institutes.

10. Adoption level of technology through demonstration was high in 10.6 % farmers

participated, medium among 34 % farmers, low in 39.6% and extremely low in 15.8%.

Therefore demonstrations and mechanization melas should be given due emphasis for

popularization of improved and newly developed agricultural machinery and technology.

11. A total of 4,56,817 beneficiaries were given financial assistance (subsidy) for

procurement of various agril. machinery and equipment during 2014-17 in different

states. Out of which 67.0 % were from General category followed by 17.1 % SC category

and rest were ST (8.3 %) and Others (7.6 %) category. Further it has been noticed that

71.3% of total beneficiaries were not using any implement earlier in any form. Thus,

these beneficiaries have been benefitted for the first time through farm machinery.

Therefore there is a need to enhance the budget to access more prospective beneficiaries

as well as raise the subsidy and include newly developed agril. machinery.

12. It has been observed that 91.3% farmers received subsidy without much difficulty. Only

8.7% faced difficulty. 84% farmers got awareness from Agri Deptt and 16% from other

sources e.g. newspaper, neighbor, friend circle etc from other sources.

13. It has been observed that 62.3 % of custom hiring centers are run by rural entrepreneurs

and 65.3 % of total belongs to SC, ST and OBC category. Whereas 67.2% CHC covered

farm operations within 10 km radius from the centre. It indicates that farmers from far-

away places do not take interest to avail services. Thus there is a need to enhance the

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target of CHC substantially in order to increase the pace of farm mechanization within

the reach of farmers.

14. It has been observed that there is a substantial increase in production, productivity and

profitability of farmers with the use of latest agricultural machines/ implements eg

rotavators, raised bed planter, happy seeder, laser leveler, zero till seed drill, boom

sprayer, combine harvester, straw reaper etc. There is a need to accelerate the pace of

farm mechanization through establishment of new FMTTIs to cater remote areas,

enhance subsidy and due attention to demonstrations component.

15. No sufficient work has been done under Post Harvest Technology. Thus there is a need to

establish value addition centers, post harvest technology custom hiring centers for

cleaning , grading, drying of grains etc and establishment of Farm Mandi at village or

cluster of village level in order to help in doubling the farmer’s income.

16. Straw Management System (SMS) Chopper cum spreader unit behind the straw walker of

combine harvester should be made compulsory to avoid the burning of paddy straw,

which is the main cause of air pollution.

17. There is an urgent need to promote rain fed farming technology in the country for making

dry land agriculture a profitable preposition in a big way. The important parameter for

this is to save crops during dry spell. For this, Solar Operated Micro Irrigation Applicator

should be promoted and 50% subsidy be considered.

18. 'Kisan Seva Kendra' should be established in each FMTTIs to assist farmers in promotion

of farm mechanization coupled with, placement cell to channelize or streamline the

skilled and trained man power for employment opportunities in agro based and allied

industries as well as overseas assignments.

19. It was found that the average Farm Power Availability (FPA) before the implementation

of SMAM i.e., at the end of 2013-14 was 1.84 kW/ha, whereas after three years of its

implementation, it has risen to 2.025 kW/ha. Thus, an increase of 17.3 % has been

recorded. The future requirement has been worked out at 2.50 kw/ha during the year 2022

and 4.0 kw/ha during year 2030.

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20. District-wise Farm Power Availability (FPA) of all the States has been assessed and

mechanization gaps in different states have been identified for each state. The future

requirements of different states have also been highlighted.

21. In order to enhance the productivity and profitability of farmers, there is an urgent need

to increase the farm power availability in Indian farms. But special emphasis may be

given to category III states where FPA is between 1.0 and 1.726 kw/ha and category IV

states where FPA is less than 1.00 kw/ha.

22. SMAM management software has been developed for availing financial assistance by the

farmers. Where farmer can apply online for purchase and availing subsidy directly in his

account. Similarly software for establishment of custom hiring center by the

entrepreneurs has also been developed.

23. Component wise recommendations has been given in the report. Besides policy measures

required to be taken have been highlighted for promotion of farm mechanization and use

of latest technology towards increasing productivity and profitability of the farmers as

well as to minimize drudgery associated with various farm operations.

24. The study has brought out steps to be taken to accelerate the pace of farm mechanization

in agriculture to reduce the cost of crop production and increase productivity and

profitability towards doubling the farmers income as per Government Agenda by the year

2022.

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CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 IntroductionAgriculture occupies the most important role in Indian economy. Earlier, Indian farmerslargely relied upon the human and animal power. But with the passage of time, tractorand tractor driven agricultural implements have been introduced with the Governmentsponsored scheme. It has been observed that during the last 10 years, the concept offarm mechanization and its importance has been well accepted and accordingly newfarm implements/equipments have been developed and commercialized. This hasresulted in increase of productivity and production to feed the ever increasing populationbesides reduction in drudgery associated with farm operations. Farm mechanization hasplayed a positive role in increasing employment in rural areas through generation ofopportunities for operators, mechanics, salesmen etc. The adoption of tractor and farmmachinery/implements has been very rapid in India with the assistance of centrallysponsored schemes but its spread has been uneven.

The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare launched a scheme Sub-Mission onAgricultural Mechanization (SMAM) for promotion of farm mechanization during theyear 2014-15. To evaluate the effectiveness and status of implementation with regard tophysical and financial progress, mechanization strategies, extent of adoption oftechnologies and bottlenecks during the implementation of scheme for the year 2014-15,2015-16 and 2016-17, WAPCOS Ltd.,Gurugram has been awarded a project to conductmonitoring, evaluation and impact assessment of SMAM.

1.2 Sub-Mission Componentsi. Promotion and Strengthening of Agricultural Mechanization through Training,

Testing and Demonstration: Aims to ensure performance testing of agriculturalmachinery and equipment, capacity building of farmers and end users andpromoting farm mechanization through demonstrations.

ii. Demonstration, Training and Distribution of Post Harvest Technology andManagement (PHTM): Aims at popularizing technology for primary processing,value addition, low cost scientific storage/transport and the crop by-productmanagement through demonstrations, capacity building of farmers and end users.Provides financial assistance for establishing PHT units.

iii. Financial Assistance for Procurement of Agriculture Machinery and Equipment:Promotes ownership of various agricultural machinery & equipments as per thenorms of financial assistance.

iv. Establish Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring: Provides suitable financial

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assistance to establish Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring for suitablelocations and crops.

v. Establish Hi-Tech, High Productive Equipment Hub for Custom Hiring: Providesfinancial assistance to set up hi-tech machinery hubs for high value crops likesugarcane, cotton etc.

vi. Promotion of Farm Mechanization in Selected Villages: Provides financialassistance to promote appropriate technologies and to set up Farm Machinery Banksin identified villages in low mechanized States.

vii. Financial Assistance for Promotion of Mechanized Operations per hectarecarried out through Custom Hiring Centers: Provides financial assistance on perhectare basis to the beneficiaries hiring machinery/equipments from custom hiringcenters in low mechanized areas.

viii. Promotion of Farm Machinery and Equipments in North-Eastern Region:Extends financial assistance to beneficiaries in high-potential but low mechanizedStates of north-east.

1.3 Objectives of Sub Mission on Agriculture Mechanization (SMAM)

a) Increasing the reach of farm mechanization to small and marginal farmers and tothe regions where availability of farm power is less;

b) Promoting ‘Custom Hiring Centers’ to offset the adverse effect on Farm economydue to small landholding and high cost of individual ownership of farm machinery;

c) Creating hubs for hi-tech & high value farm equipments;d) Creating awareness among stakeholders through demonstration and capacity

building activities;e) Ensuring performance testing and certification at designated testing centers located

all over the country.

1.4 Need of the Present StudyThe Scheme “Sub Mission on Agriculture Mechanization (SMAM)” has beenimplemented through different implementing agencies such as FMTTIs, StateGovernments; Government sponsored Institutions viz. ICAR, SFCI and State AgricultureUniversities for promotion of agriculture mechanization and strengthening the scope ofmechanization of agriculture. After completion of the XII Five Year Plan period, theMechanization and Technology Division under the Department of Agriculture,Cooperation & Farmers Welfare desired to know the status of actual implementation ofthe scheme with respect to physical and financial progress, availability of infrastructurefor implementation of mechanization strategies, extent of adoption of technologies by thefarmers and constraints and bottlenecks observed during the implementation of the schemefrom the year 2014-15 to 2016-17. Such critical inputs become necessary to further refine

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and improve the effectiveness of the scheme by improving the overall implementationmanagement plan. It was felt essential to evaluate the progress effectiveness and impact ofthe SMAM against the set objectives with a view to carry out required policy change inthe scope of activities, coverage, quantum of assistance and refinement in operationalguidelines. Accordingly, an agreement was signed on 19.9.2016 between Mechanization& Technology Division and WAPCOS Limited to conduct monitoring, evaluation andimpact assessment of SMAM for the year 2014-15, 2015-16 & 2016-17.

1.5 Objective of Present AssignmentThe overall objective of the monitoring & evaluation exercise is to assess theperformance of the scheme in relation to its objectives and assess the outputs anddevelopment outcomes of different components of SMAM.The broad objective of the present assignment is to provide service support for

monitoring and concurrent evaluation of the activities of SMAM and carry out additionalactivities required for completion of overall intent of the SMAM for a period of 1 (one)year in participating States and UTs as given below;i) To design and develop a project management manual and operationalize a

consistent project evaluation process and methodology for all missioncomponents with support from Mechanization & Technology Division

ii) Create and support MIS and a monitoring database for the implementation,monitoring and preparation of all reports (including progress reports and impactassessments) as required by the Government

iii) Assist in regular monitoring and project coordination for all projectsimplemented under the SMAM

iv) Carry out quality audit for all projects implemented under SMAM, includingproviding feedback and suggestions on the implementation of differentcomponents of Mission. Support in carrying out site visits for evaluating projectdeliverables in accordance with the Annual Action Plans of implementingagencies.

v) Ensure that regular progress reports on projects are prepared in a timely manneras per the requirements of the M&T Division in DAC&FW.

vi) Contribute to documenting success / best practice case studies based uponlessons learnt from projects implemented under SMAM

vii) Develop and operationalize a strong communication plan to disseminateresults, achievements, progress of projects implemented under SMAM to theimplementing agencies, development partners, media including social mediaplatforms and the public at large, on a regular basis.

viii) Provide necessary inputs to EC and NSC meetings.

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CHAPTER-2

APPROACH FOR THE STUDY

2.1 Approach Adopted for the Study

Initial Discussion were held with the officials of Mechanization & TechnologyDivision, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare at National Level andcollected First Hand Information about SMAM .

An introductory letter has been issued from Ministry to all state AgricultureDepartment, FMTTIs, Testing Institutes identified etc. on 26.10.2016 regardingcarry out Monitoring and Evaluation of SMAM.

Discussion with the officials of Implementing agencies like State Department ofAgriculture, Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institutes, ICAR institutes andstate Agriculture Universities and collect their Annual Action Plan.

In-depth discussion with the State Nodal Officer of implementing agency at statelevel and collection of relevant information and district-wise and item wiseprogress report under Sub-Mission.

Discussion with the various Stake holders like Farm Machinery Training andTesting Institutes /ICAR Institutes/State Agriculture Universities providedassistance under SMAM for training, testing and demonstration activities.

At district level discussion held with Dy. Director Agriculture, ExecutiveEngineer, Farm Machinery and methodology to review the system adopted bythem in selection of the beneficiaries.

Procedure adopted for identification and selection of villages/beneficiaries underSub-mission for performance review.

Preparation of data collection schedule and Format for Focused Group Discussioncovering all Key Performance Indicators of SMAM.

Preparation & submission of Inception Report. Mobilization and Organizing of field team, Collection of Primary Data by Field

Officers from various stakeholders involved in delivery of services and samplebeneficiary households in selected districts.

Focused Group Discussion (FGD) with stakeholders and knowledgeable Farmersof the Sample villages where interventions are being carried out

Data Entry of Household Schedules, Analysis and Interpretation, design of out puttables for evaluation of the mission.

Preparation of graphs, charts, maps and out put tables for Draft Report andsubmission of Draft Report

Presentation of the Draft Report by the Consultant to the committee constituted bythe DAC&FW, MoA&FW (client).

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Compliance of comments on Draft Report and preparation of Final EvaluationReport.

Submission of Final Evaluation Report along with soft copy

2.2 Key Performance Indicators for M&E of various intervention under SMAM

The performance of SMAM has been evaluated on the basis of following indicators:

Efficacy of planning at district, State & National level Adequacy and timeliness of fund flow and delivery mechanism Effectiveness of Project Implementing Agencies Monitoring & reporting mechanism Physical and financial achievements vis-à-vis targets Involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutes Efficacy of FMTTIs / ICAR Institutes for Training in field of Farm

Mechanization and Post-Harvest Management Efficacy of FMTTIs / ICAR Institutes for Testing of agricultural machines and

equipments for performance evaluation Efficacy of FMTTIs / ICAR Institutes for Demonstration of newly developed

agricultural /horticultural equipment and Post-Harvest Technologies at farmersfield

Efficacy of Farm Machinery Bank for Custom Hiring Efficacy of Hi-tech, High Productive Equipment Hub for Custom Hiring Employment generation, self-employment & skill development Knowledge gain through exposure visit Impact on Farm level income over the base line year Impact on agriculture production, productivity and cropping intensity Assessment of State wise present status and future need of Farm mechanization Assessment of Farm power availability and identification of existing gap.

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CHAPTER-3METHODOLOGY

3.1 Methodology

To meet the objective of the present assignment, all the three project implementing

agencies (PIAs) for Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization viz.,State

Department of Agriculture, Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institutes (FMTTIs)

and ICAR institutions/agriculture universities were considered for interaction and

data collection under present assignment. Their facilities were visited and discussion

was held with the mission coordinator of the respective PIAs for the study. Samples

from each category of beneficiaries such as, Farmers, SHGs, User Groups,

Cooperative Societies, Farmer Production Organizations, trainees, entrepreneurs, host

farmers of demonstration and demonstration participants were included for in-depth

study, which has helped to consolidate their opinions on the impact of the scheme.

3.2 Zone wise Distribution of Study Area

Based on topography, agro-climate, natural features, farming system and economicfeatures project area is divided into six zones namely North Zone, South Zone, EastZone, West Zone, Central Zone and North East Zone. The details of States covered ineach zone are as under:

S.N. Zone State Covered1 North Zone Jammu and Kashmir, Uttrakhand , Uttar Pradesh , Himachal

Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana2 South Zone Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu

3 East Zone Bihar, Orissa, Jharkhand and West Bengal4 West Zone Rajasthan , Gujarat, Maharashtra and Goa5 Central Zone Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh6 North East Zone Assam, Sikkim, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram,

Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh

3.3 Study / Field Team Organization

To carry out the monitoring and concurrent evaluation of the SMAM, a Peer Review

Group was constituted at WAPCOS headquarter for overall guidance and achieving

the study goals. The complete details of the team members are given in Annexure-A.

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Zone wise central teams was also formed under Team Leader cum Farm

Mechanization Expert consisting Agriculture Mechanization Expert, Project Officer

(local) and Field Enumerators (local) to perform the field survey, data collection and

FGD under SMAM. Each field team was coordinated by a Sr. Level Field Officer

from Regional WAPCOS offices.

3.4 M&E of Activities Undertaken by FMTTIs, ICAR Institutions and AgricultureUniversities.

All FMTTIs were visited by WAPCOS Experts and information of all interventions

under SMAM was collected from each institutes to meet the objectives of present

assignment. Most of the ICAR Institutes / Agriculture Universities were visited to

meet out the objectives of study.

Testing: Approximately 10% testing reports under each category issued by the testing

institutes was evaluated for testing quality and manufacturers feedback

Training: For training evaluation approximately 10 % of trainees under each category

of training programme were evaluated.

Demonstration: A structured questionnaire on the impact of demonstrations was got

filled-up by the field investigators of 182 farmers on whose field demonstrations were

conducted by different agencies.

3.5 Sample Size for Monitoring and Concurrent Evaluation

Out of total beneficiaries under various interventions of SMAM, l0 % were selected

to capture all the answers in a structured questionnaire about each intervention as

listed below:

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Demonstration • Selection of suitable demonstration site and success ofdemonstration?

• Visit conducted to demonstration site?• What is the impact of demonstrations towards the adoption of new

technology/ equipments by the farmers?• How effective was the reach of the programme across various

sectors?• What is the contribution of new equipments in enhancing the

agriculture production and productivity and reduction in drudgeryassociated with farm operations?

• What is the opinion of the farmers about their area/crop specificrequirement of the mechanization?

Interventions of SMAM Evaluation Question AddressedTraining • Weather academic schedule prepared in advance ?

• Training schedule prepared in advance as per the need ofparticipant?

• Quality and contents of training literature provided ?• Qualification and experience of faculty members?• How relevant were the training programmes?• How satisfied were participants with the quality and

content?• What did they like and dislike about them?• To what extent and how did the participants/

organizations apply the knowledge gained intraining in their profession ?

• What is the contribution of training in the development andmechanization of agriculture?

• What is the contribution of training programmes inemployment/self- employment and income enhancement?

Testing • How adequate is the testing infrastructure with the testinginstitutions?

• Progress achieved against the targets given for testing?• Timely release of testing reports to manufactures?• Review of equipment testing reports against various parameters?• What is the role of testing in quality maintenance and

design improvement?• How effective was the reach of the programme across various

sectors?

• What is the role of testing in quality maintenance anddesign improvement?

Selection of suitable demonstration site and success ofdemonstration.

Visits conducted to demonstration site.

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Respondents were selected from each institutions so as to get a comprehensive

feedback given by participants on motivation of joining training, effectiveness of

training courses, appropriateness of training logistic, utilization of training

programme. A separate questionnaire which was developed to capture the details of

implementation targets and progress achieved during 2014-15, 2015-16 & 2016-17 at

the level of each institutions, their highlights, bottlenecks, constraints and ways

forward towards improving the scheme interventions was also got filled-up for

analysis and interpretation.

3.6 Sample Size for M&E of Financial Assistance for Procurement of AgricultureMachinery & Equipment / Promotion of Farm Mechanization in the SelectedVillages

A stratified multistage sampling design was adopted for selection of sample unit. The

first stage unit was the Project Implementation Agencies. The second stage units were

the beneficiaries including individual farmers, SHG/UG of farmers, cooperative

society of farmers, farmer producer organization (FPO) / Entrepreneur etc. The third

stage sampling unit was the type of machine or equipment financed under the sub-

mission. All types of machines or equipment were considered.

A- Selection of Sample District

The criteria of selection of sample districts were based on the financial assistance

provided to the beneficiaries in the State under SMAM. The number of districts in a

state was selected by using sample fraction as given below.

No of Districts Sampling Fraction

1-5 1

6-10 0.5

11-20 0.3

21 & above 0.2

In order to have a comprehensive coverage of beneficiaries, districts from all agro-

climatic zones of a particular States was considered for selecting sample. For

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selection of districts, the first preference was given to the districts which cover

maximum number of beneficiaries of financial assistance. Number of beneficiaries

of subsidy for the procurement of agricultural machinery who were surveyed in

each State is given in Annexure-B

B- Selection of Sample Beneficiaries

In each selected district, 3 to 5% (approximately) beneficiaries were selected for

primary data collection. The selection of sample beneficiary was in proportion to

the beneficiaries of financial assistance for procuring different agricultural

machinery. The sample which was studied comprised of all section of beneficiary

households including SC, ST, small & marginal farmers & women in proportion to

their numbers.

In addition to the above, Focus Group Discussion with the Field Functionaries,

knowledgeable beneficiary farmers and office bearers of village Panchayat was

conducted for collection of relevant information using structured but open ended

data collection schedule. The following information was collected for project

assessment.

How transparent is the procedure of selection of beneficiary?

Are the benefits reaching to the targeted groups as per guidelines?

What is the opinion of beneficiaries on quantum of assistance provided on

various agricultural machinery and equipment?

What is the role of agricultural mechanization in improving quality

of farm operations, reduction in time of operation, input

efficiency and creating requirement of additional machine?

3.7 Selection of Custom Hiring Centers / Hi-Tech. High Productive Equipment Hub

for Custom Hiring

Selection of Sample CHC

For evaluation of CHC, 20.6 % Custom Hiring Centres were selected for interviews

and primary data collection. The selection of beneficiary was in proportion to CHC

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units established. This comprised of rural entrepreneurs, progressive farmers and

SHGs, manufactures in PPP mode.

In addition to the above, Focus Group Discussion with the manufactures

entrepreneurs, progressive beneficiary farmer and office bearers of village Panchayat

was conducted for collection of relevant information using structured but open ended

data collection schedule.

• How transparent is the selection procedure of entrepreneurs for

establishing Custom Hiring Centers. Type of machines and equipment

available?

• Are the benefits reaching to the targeted groups as per guidelines?

• How satisfied were farmers with the quality of services being provided by

the Custom Hiring Centres?

• What is the role of custom hiring centers in timely availability of machines

and equipments for various farm operations?

• Charges levied for supply machines?

3.8 Collection of Data & Processing

With the help of well developed pre-tested questionnaire specially designed for the

study as per TOR, the relevant data was collected by interviewing stakeholder at

various level and the head of the institutes / household by the recently developed

concept of survey approach. Suitable number of Field Officers was deputed for data

collection and house hold survey as per the designed sample size.

Data collection tools for the present assignment were;

i) Collection of Annual Action Plan and physical & financial progress reports.

ii) Collection of Secondary Data and published documents.

iii) Collection of Primary Data – Household surveys.

iv) Focused Group Discussion with the project officials and knowledgeable Farmers

The methodology for monitoring & evaluation study was largely based on collection

and analysis of primary & secondary data as specified in the terms of reference. For

collection of field data, a multistage stratified sampling design was adopted. The

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basic sampling for the study was the implementing agency at National, State, District,

Panchayati Raj Institutions and benefited households from the project area. Due

consideration was given for each participating state.

For collection of information, well developed questionnaire was used by the field

officers under the guidance of Experts.

Before posting the staff in the field for the job, they were oriented and trained in the

techniques of establishing rapport with the farmers, interviewing respondents and

recording their responses, cross checking respondents to ensure reliability of their

answers and editing the filled-in questionnaires so that all errors and omissions may

be corrected in the field itself before dispatching the completed questionnaires to

Head Quarter. Experts field visit was organized to cross check the collected data and

make spot observations and guide the field staff so that true picture can be obtained

through the collected data.

The data entry was done at Delhi/Gurgaon office under the supervision of Central

Team of WAPCOS Experts. The data entered in to the computer was validated by the

experts with the help of validation checks. This helps to remove inconsistencies in the

field data. The validated data was processed with the help of in-house computers

manned by highly skilled and suitable trained staff using custom designed software in

consultation with the expert. Relevant output tables, graphs, bar chart etc. was

generated using suitable software for incorporating in the study report.

3.10 Methodology for Assessment of Farm Power Availability at district level

For the estimation of Farm power, the Household Questionnaire was designed to

collect the source of power for farm operations right from primary tillage operations to

harvesting and primary processing. The data was collected from the respondent

farmers belonging to different land holding categories. The parameters to assess the

power availability which was filled in questionnaire (SUB-2) during survey by the

field investigators are:

WAPCOS LTD 3-8

Total land holding own and hired, Tractor (HP) , Power Tiller (HP), Engine (HP),

Motor (HP/KW), Animal Power (No of Bullocks and others), Human Power for farm

work (Male/Female) etc. Total questionnaires' based upon sampling plan was filled in

each state. The whole data was fed in computer and as per standard norms for each

source of farm power, the data was analyzed and calculated for actual total power

available with each farmer surveyed. Accordingly total land holding available and

total farm power available with all the farmers surveyed in each district was calculated

using secondary data from the reliable sources. Based upon this analysis, the average

farm availability per hectare in each district was calculated. In this methodology, it

was an assumption that farmers surveyed as per sampling plan represented the whole

district. For the districts which had not been surveyed, suitable statistical tools were

used for making intrapolation /extrapolation.

The average farm power availability was worked out for the districts/States using

following formula

Farm Power Availability (kW/ha) =

{(Number of agricultural Worker × 0.05) + (Number of

draught animal × 0.38) + (Number of Tractors × 26.1) +

(Number of Power tillers × 5.6) + (Number of electric motor ×

3.7) + (Number of diesel engine × 5.6)} / Available cultivated

land in ha.Explanation of colour codes used for farm power availability (FPA) in differentdistricts

FPA of that particular district is more than the National Average (2.03 kW/ha)FPA of that particular district is in between 1.00 and 2.03 kW/ha

FPA less than 1.00 kW/ha

3.11 Output of the StudyThe output of study was in the form of following reports.

- Draft Final report - The draft final report in 2 copies along with one

electronic version in MS-Word format was submitted.

- Final report - The final report in 100 copies along with a soft copy has been

prepared and submitted after compliance of comments received from the

Ministry on the Draft Final Report.

WAPCOS LTD 4-1

CHAPTER – 4

COLLECTION OF FIELD DATA AND ANALYSIS

4.1. Evaluation of training componentDuring 2014-17, a total of 37,989 trainees have been trained by all the four FMT&TIsand State Govt. under different training courses. A total of 23,716 trainees have beentrained by all the four FMT&TIs under different training courses (Table 1) and thedifferent States have trained 14,273 farmers.

The percent share of trainees in CFMT&TI (Budni), NERFMT&TI (BiswanathChariali), NRFMT&TI (Hisar) & SRFMT&TI (Anantapur) were 31.1, 11.7, 28.8 &28.4, respectively which is graphically represented in Fig. 1. The overall percentageof the women trainees trained was 29.2 %. The percent share of General, SC, ST andOBC category trainees trained during 2014-17 in all the four institutes is 31.4, 16.7,7.6, & 44.3, respectively.

Table 1: Category-wise trainees trained at different FMT&TIs during 2014-17

Name of theInstitute

Target Trainees Trained Womentraineestrained

General SC ST OBC Total

CFMT&TI,Budni

6800 2223(30.2)

959(13.0)

508(6.9)

3677(49.9)

7367(100.0)

1538(20.9)

NERFMT&TI,BiswanathChariali

2600 642(23.1)

362(13.0)

732(26.3)

1048(37.6)

2784(100.0)

827(31.8)

NRFMT&TI,Hisar

6400 2665(39.1)

1436(21.0)

215(3.2)

2509(36.8)

6825(100.0)

1562(22.9)

SRFMT&TI,Anantapur

5200 1914(28.4)

1208(17.9)

336(5.0)

3282(48.7)

6740(100.0)

2215(32.9)

Total 21000 7444(31.4)

3965(16.7)

1791(7.6)

10516(44.3)

23716(100.0)

6142(29.2)

Fig. 1: Percent share of trainees trained under different FMT&TIs

CFMT&TI,Budni, 31.1 %

NERFMT&TI,Biswanath

Chariali, 11.7 %

NRFMT&TI,Hisar, 28.8 %

SRFMT&TI,Anantapur,

28.4 %

WAPCOS LTD 4-2

The course-wise details of trainees trained under different FMT&TIs during 2014-17 is givenin Table 2 and graphically represented in Fig. 2. The percent share of different courses likeUser level, Technician level, Academic level, Need based, Technology transfer &Management level course was 25.7, 9.1, 26.9, 2.8, & 8.7, respectively. The Technologytransfer course is being conducted by NRFMT&TI, Hisar only. Major share of traineestrained at CFMT&TI, Budni is from Management level course which is a testimony of beinga pioneer institute in the field of agricultural machinery and tractor.

Table 2: Course-wise trainees trained at different FMT&TIs during 2014-17


UserLevel

TechnicianLevel

AcademicLevel

NeedBased

TechnologyTransfer

ManagementLevel

Total

CFMT&TI, Budni 1530(20.8)

1387(18.8)

1835(24.9)

541(7.3)

02008(27.3)

7367(100.0)


1511(54.3)

367(13.2)

718(25.8)

149(5.35) 0

8(0.29)

2784(100)

NRFMT&TI,Hisar

1596(23.4)

198(2.9)

2707(39.7)

1521(22.3)

663(9.7)

27(0.4)

6825(100.0)

SRFMT&TI,Anantapur

1466(21.8)

209(3.1)

1119(16.6)

3886(57.7) 0

10(0.2)

6740(100.0)

Total 6103(25.7)

2161(9.1)

6379(26.9)

6097(25.7)

663(2.8)

2053(8.7)

23716(100.0)

Fig. 2: Course-wise trainees trained under different FMT&TIs during 2014-17

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

User Level TechnicianLevel

AcademicLevel

Need Based TechnologyTransfer

ManagementLevel

Perc

ent s

hare

Tota

l Tra

inee

s Tra

ined

Total trainees trained Percent share

WAPCOS LTD 4-3

4.1.1. Feedback analysis of trainees who were trained at FMTTIs/Different States

To assess the purpose, usefulness, enhancement in skill level, duration of training, relevanceof curriculum, adequacy of course material, demographic details, etc. of the trainees trainedunder different courses by FMTTIs/Different States, structured set of questionnaire was gotfilled up from different trainees who were trained at any of FMTTIs/Different States during2014-17. Out of 37,989 trainees trained during 2014-17, 3890 (10.3%) trainees fromdifferent states of the country were interviewed. The number of trainees who wereinterviewed course-wise and institute-wise is given in Table 3.

Table 3: Percentage of trainees interviewed who were trained at variousFMTTIs/Different States during 2014-17


No. of trainees interviewed/surveyed TotalTraineesTrained

PercentsurveyedUser

LevelTechnician Level

Academic Level

NeedBased

TechnologyTransfer

Management Level Total

CFMT&TI, Budni150 150 200 50 0 200 750 7367 10.2


150 40 70 15 0 0 275 2784 9.9

NRFMT&TI,Hisar 150 20 300 150 70 5 695 6825 10.2

SRFMT&TI,Anantapur 150 20 100 400 0 0 670 6740 9.9

Total 600 230 670 615 70 205 2390 23716 10.1Total traineestrained under eachcourse

6103 2161 6379 6097 663 2053 23716

Percent surveyedunder each course 9.8 10.6 10.5 10.1 10.6 10.0 10.1

Total traineestrained byDifferent StateGovts.

1500 14273 10.5

Literacy profile of respondents

To assess the educational status of trainees who underwent training under various trainingprogramme of FMTTIs and State Govt., the respondents were interviewed on theireducational qualification. Majority of farmers (99.5 %) were found to be literate. Thepercentage share of under matric, secondary pass, higher secondary pass, graduates & postgraduates were found to be 7.0, 17.8, 32.3, 35.4 & 4.8 respectively. The literacy profile isdepicted in Fig. 3.

WAPCOS LTD 4-4

Fig. 3: Literacy profile of trainees who underwent training during 2014-17 atFMTTIs/Different States

Income distribution of trainees

Analysis of income of trainees has revealed that most of the trainees (59.9 %) had incomeless than Rs.50,000, whereas 16.1 % trainees reported to have income from Rs.50,000 to onelakh, 9.1 % trainees had income in the range of 1 to 1.5 lakhs, 4.5 % trainees informed thattheir income was between 1.5 to 2 lakhs. Five percent trainees had income from 2 to 3 lakhs.There were some trainees (2.4 %) whose income was well beyond 3 lakhs per annum.Participation of farmers with good income shows the enthusiasm to adopt better technologyfor enhanced production and productivity. The income distribution of trainees is graphicallydepicted in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4: Income distribution of trainees who underwent training during 2014-17 atFMTTIs/Different States

Under matric,7.0 %

Secondary,17.8 %

Highersecondary,

32.3 %

Graduates,35.4 %

Post graduates,4.8 %

Less thanRs.50,000

59.9 %Rs.50,000 to 1

lakhs16.1%

1 to 1.5 lakhs9.1%

1.5 to 2 lakhs4.5%

2 to 3 lakhs5.0%

Above 3 lakhs2.4%

WAPCOS LTD 4-5

Source of Income

When the respondents were asked about the source of income, 45.3 % of the trainees reportedthat they did not have any income, whereas 26.9 % of the trainees had income from varioussources which includes driving, teaching, labour work, weaving work, petty work, silk worketc. About 15.6 % trainees were farmers having income from agricultural fields, while 0.9,2.8 & 8.5 % trainees had income from poultry, dairy and diversified business. The percentshare of different sources of income is depicted in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5: Source of Income of trainees who underwent training during 2014-17 atFMTTIs/Different States

Ownership pattern of movable and non-movable property

To assess the economic status of the respondents, they were administered questions regardingthe movable and non-movable property they possess i.e., House, Motorcycle & Car. Majorityof the trainees (44.5 %) possessed house (including ancestral property) and 24.1 % traineeshad both house and motorcycle, whereas 6.9 % trainees had house, motorcycle and car. Theownership pattern of movable and non-movable properties of the respondents is given in Fig.6.

Fig. 6: Ownership pattern of movable and non-movable property of trainees whounderwent training during 2014-17 at FMTTIs/Different States

No income45.3%

Dairy2.8%

Poultry0.9%

Business8.5%

Farmer15.6%

Other source26.9%

No property11.2%

House44.5%

Motorcycle9.5%

Car0.4%

House & Car2.8%

House &Motorcycle

24.1%

Motocycle &Car

0.6%

House, Car &Motorcycle

6.9%

WAPCOS LTD 4-6

Information about training programme

Analysis about the source of information about the training programme has revealed thatmajority of the trainees (40.6 %) came to know about the training from friends/relatives bywords of mouth and 37.5 % trainees knew about the training from educational institution.Other source of information is graphically depicted in Fig. 7.

Fig. 7: Source of information about the training programme

Relevancy of contents covered and demonstrations held during the training programme

Almost 98.1% of the trainees reported that the topic of training/contents covered were quiterelevant/useful with the need of farming practices. When the trainees were asked if theInstructor of training programme conducted practical demonstration of machines/implements,majority of trainees (97.95 %) answered in yes and reported that the demonstrations wererelevant and useful. However, 0.20 % reported that the demonstrations were not of any useto them and about 0.85 % did not offer any comment.

Skill enhancement after completing the training

To evaluate the level of skill enhancement, the trainees were administered questions relatedto skill enhancement. About 99.6 % trainees reported that their skill level was enhanced,whereas only 0.4 % informed that the training programme did not help in developing skill.Further, majority of trainees (45.8 %) informed that their skills enhanced to ‘High level’,whereas 42.1 % reported that their skill level enhanced to ‘Medium level’. The profile ofskill enhancement is given in Fig. 8.

ADO/Agri.Deptt/Govt.

13.2%

Newspaper5.2%

Friends/Relatives40.6%

Educationalinstitution

37.5%

Radio/TV1.1%

Any other source2.4%

WAPCOS LTD 4-7

Fig. 8: Profile of skill enhancement after completing the training programme

When the trainees were asked if they would recommend to their friends/relatives for suchtraining, majority of the trainees (97.95%) responded in positive.

Impact of training on employment

Analysis of respondents of the beneficiaries of training on the impact of training onemployment has revealed that 3.2 % trainees are self-employed and are directly related toagricultural mechanization i.e., tractor and agricultural machinery repair workshop, custom-hiring of implements etc. whereas 4.8 % beneficiaries got private job in the field ofagricultural machinery as Demonstrator/Technician/Sales Executive/Mechanics etc.

Impact of skill enhancement on productivity and income

To analyse the impact of skill enhancement on productivity and income, the beneficiaries oftraining were asked questions related to it. Analysis of the data reveals that about 9.6 %beneficiaries are directly involved in farming and they have reported that after undergoingtraining, the skill level has increased, because of which the productivity has increased in therange of 10 to 20 % and their income has also increased in the range of 10 to 15 %. Otherbeneficiaries who are self-employed (6.5 %) or engaged in miscellaneous activity (28.2 %)have reported that the training has helped them in increasing the income by 8 to 10 %.

Miscellaneous feedback about the training programme

When asked about the satisfaction level with the know-how of faculty/technical staff whoimparted training, majority of the respondents (55.1 %) were ‘satisfied’ and about 43.9 %were ‘highly satisfied’, whereas only 1.0 % remained unsatisfied.

About 18% and 11.2% trainees expressed dissatisfaction over canteen and hostel facilitiesrespectively. The reason given for dissatisfaction was non cleanliness in canteen and hostel.

Extremely low0.70%

Low0.70%

Medium42.10%High

45.8%

Extremely high9.60%

WAPCOS LTD 4-8

The trainees were also unhappy with unskilled cooks and staff. The basic facilities like ATM,fair price daily need shop also missing.

The percent satisfaction level regarding the facilities available at the institutes during thetraining programme is given below:

Name of Facility Satisfied Not satisfied No comments

Accommodation/Hostel 79.8 11.2 9.0

Medical 75.2 13.4 11.4

Canteen 76.3 18.1 5.6

Library services 91.2 5.4 3.4

Regarding the duration of training programme, 79.9 % respondents were of the opinion that itwas ‘sufficient’, whereas 15.5 % trainees reported that the duration was ‘very less’ and 4.6 %trainees informed that the duration was ‘too long’. Thus, it is recommended that the durationof different training programmes may be kept as such.

Majority of the trainees (70.3 %) were not satisfied with the course material distributedduring the training programme. Hence, it is recommended that course-wise material shouldbe developed and distributed to the trainees for future reference and thus uniformity ofliterature will also be maintained.

When a question was asked about the helpfulness of training in getting a job or self-employment, most of the trainees (48.2 %) reported it to be ‘useful’, while 38.8 % informedthat it was ‘very useful’. Some of the trainees (12.1 %) reported that it was useful to someextent. Only, 0.9 % replied that it was not at all useful. Since large number of tractors,combines and self-propelled transplanters are sold every year, the farmers and entrepreneurspurchasing such equipment’s prefer to get training. Thus, training is helpful in promotingself- employment and private jobs in the rural areas. Also, it has improved field capacity ofmachines and equipment. The helpfulness of training in getting a job or self- employment isgraphically reported in Fig. 9.

WAPCOS LTD 4-9

Fig. 9: Graphical representation of helpfulness of training in getting a job or self-employment

The profile of respondents regarding the present job status reveals that 6.5, 18.6, 7.4, 20.1,9.6, 9.6 & 28.2 % are self-employed, unemployed, job in Govt, job in private, farming,student and engaged in miscellaneous activity, respectively and the same is graphicallydepicted in Fig. 10.

Very useful38.8%

Useful48.2%

To someextent useful

12.1%

Not useful0.9%

WAPCOS LTD 4-10

Fig. 10: Percent share of different jobs of the respondents who underwent training

The response profile of overall feedback of the respondents on the training is reported in theTable 4.

Table 4: Overall feedback on training

Sr. No. Feedback Percent share1. Quite useful and relevant and it should be continued 77.22. Quite useful and should be modified as per the need of hour 15.93. The course is not useful. It should be improved 1.74. New training programme need to be devised on for

imparting training5.2

1Sudent 9.6Miscellaneous activity 28.2Farming 9.6Private job 20.1Govt. job 7.4Un-employed 18.6Self employed 6.5

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Perc

ent s

hare

of d

iffer

ent j

obs o

f res

pond

ents

WAPCOS LTD 4-11

4.2. Evaluation of Testing Component

During 2014-17, a total of 3621 agricultural machines have been tested in the entire nation.All the four FMTTIs have tested 967 machines which contribute 26.7% of the total machinestested. Remaining 2654 agricultural machines have been tested by differentdesignated/authorized testing centres. Thus, authorization of different SAUs/ICAR instituteshas really contributing in shouldering the responsibilities of FMTTIs and the waiting periodof getting the machines tested has reduced substantially. The total number of machines testedalong with the percent share by various FMTTIs and designated centres are given in Table11.

Table 11: Total number of machines tested along with the percent share by various FMTTIsand designated centres during 2014-17

Sr. No. Name of the Centre Machines testedduring 2014-17

Percent share

FMTTIs1 CRFMT&TI, Budni 172 4.752 NRFMT&TI, Hisar 409 11.303 SRFMT&TI, Anantapur 307 8.484 NERFMT&TI, Assam 79 2.18

Sub-total 967 26.71Designated/Authorized centres

5 IARI, Delhi 1 0.036 CCSHAU, Hisar 280 7.737 PAU, Ludhiana 93 2.578 PJTSAU, Hyderabad 121 3.349 UAS, Raichur 156 4.3110 KAU, Tavanur 78 1.3311 TNAU, Coimbatore 89 2.4612 RAU, Pusa 16 0.4413 OUAT, Bhubaneswar 136 3.7614 SLFMTTC, Bhubaneswar 44 1.2215 IIT, Kharagpur 15 0.4116 JAU, Junagarh 358 9.8917 MPKV, Rahuri 84 2.3218 Dr.PDKV, Akola 97 2.6819 Dr.BSKKV, Dapoli 65 1.8020 MPUAT, Udaipur 238 6.5721 SKRAU, Bikaner 211 5.8322 SLAITC, Raipur 215 5.9423 JAMTTC, Ranchi 135 3.7324 CIAE, Bhopal 122 3.3725 SLFMTTI, Lucknow 82 2.2626 GBPUA&T, Pantnagar 48 1.33

Sub-total 2654 73.29Grand-total 3621 100

WAPCOS LTD 4-12

Amongst the FMTTIs, NRFMT&TI (Hisar) has tested 409 (11.3%) machines, whereasSRFMT&TI (Anantapur), CFMT&TI (Budni) and NERFMT&TI (Assam) have tested 307(8.48%), 172 (4.75%) & 79 (2.18%), respectively.

CFMT&TI, Budni has been found to be occupied with testing of tractors and has tested 164tractors of various manufacturers during 2014-17. NRFMT&TI, Hisar has tested 60 combineharvesters and SRFMT&TI, Anantapur has tested 44 power tillers during 2014-17. Thus,CFMT&TI, Budni has proved to be a centre of excellence for the testing of tractors whereasNRFMT&TI, Hisar and SRFMT&TI, Anantapur have proved to be the exclusive centres forthe testing of combine harvesters and power tillers, respectively.

Amongst the 29 Designated/authorized testing centres, twenty one centres have startedfunctioning and test reports are being released regularly for different agricultural machinery.On the basis of test reports released during 2014-17, the designated centres are classified intodifferent categories as given in Table 12.

Table 12: Percent share of test reports released during 2014-17 by different designatedcentres

Category Percent share of testreports releasedduring 2014-17

Name of the SAU No. ofmachines

tested

Percent-share

I Above 7% JAU, Junagarh 358 9.89CCSHAU, Hisar 280 7.73

II 5 to 7% MPUAT, Udaipur 238 6.57SLAITC, Raipur 215 5.94SKRAU, Bikaner 211 5.83

III 3 to 5 % UAS, Raichur 156 4.31OUAT, Bhubaneswar 136 3.76JAMTTC, Ranchi 135 3.73CIAE, Bhopal 122 3.37PJTSAU, Hyderabad 121 3.34

IV 1 to 3 % Dr.PDKV, Akola 97 2.68PAU, Ludhiana 93 2.57TNAU, Coimbatore 89 2.46SLFMTTI, Lucknow 82 2.26Dr.BSKKV, Dapoli 65 1.80GBPUA&T, Pantnagar 48 1.33KAU, Tavanur 78 1.33SLFMTTC, Bhubaneswar 44 1.22

V 0 to 1% RAU, Pusa 16 0.44IIT, Kharagpur 15 0.41IARI, Delhi 1 0.03

Total 2654 73.29

The data pertaining to all the testing centres has been tabulated and are given fromTable 13 to 18.

WAPCOS LTD 4-13

Table 13: FARM MACHINERY TRAINING AND TESTING INSTITUTES

Central Farm MachineryTraining and Testing

Institute,Budni

Northern Region FarmMachinery Training and

Testing Institute,Hisar

Southern Region FarmMachinery Training and

Testing Institute,Anantapur

North East Region FarmMachinery Training and Testing

Institute,Biswanath Chariali

Machines Tested Achieved/Target2014-15 55/38 130/60 52/35 23/182015-16 56/60 108/74 159/35 26/252016-17 61/60 171/140 96/90 30/30

Total 172/158 409/274 307/160 79/73Category-wise machine tested

Tillage implements -- 63 105 43Levelling equipments -- 33 7 --

Sowing equipments -- 14 15 7Plant protection equipments -- 154 -- --Intercultivation equipments -- 46 52 --

Harvesting machinery -- 10 40 11Threshing machinery -- -- 11 4

Straw management machinery -- 17 -- 4Tractors 164 -- -- --

Power Tillers 1 -- 44 --Engines -- 1 1 --

CF Pumps -- -- -- --

Combine Harvestor(Self Prop/Tractor Driven)

2 60 -- --

Others 5 11 32 10

WAPCOS LTD 4-14

Other informationNumber of tractors available fortesting

2 5 3 4

Equipments and instrumentsavailable for testing

Fully equipped Fully equipped Fully equipped Fully equipped

Staff availabilityRegular staff Not-Sufficient Not-Sufficient Not-Sufficient Not-Sufficient

Contractual staff Deployed as perrequirement

Deployed as perrequirement

Deployed as perrequirement

Deployed as per requirement

Training attended by staff forknowledge upgradation

No Regularly being sent forknowledge upgradation

Regularly being sentfor knowledge

upgradation

No

On-line application system forreceiving application and accepting

No No No Yes

Prioritizing the testing request of themanufacturers

On Seniority Basis On Seniority Basis On Seniority Basis On Seniority Basis

Availability of standard test code forequipment /machine

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Status of BIS codes being followed Yes Yes Yes YesTime frame for issuing test report Yes Yes Yes YesStatus of test report being uploadedon website

Not uploaded Not uploaded Not uploaded Not uploaded

Availability of various test labs Engine Test set-up(upto 700 kW),Loading car for drawbarperformance,Instrumentation lab,Emission test set-up, etc.

Engine Test set-up,Instrumentation lab,Material test lab,Laser leveller test lab,Plant protection equipmenttest lab, etc.

Engine Test set-up(30 to 70 hp),Instrumentation lab,Material test lab,etc.

___

Availability of citizen charter No No No NoSpecial remark The staff should be sent

abroad for advancedtraining on Testing ofTractors

The staff should be sentabroad for advancedtraining on combineharversters

The staff should besent abroad foradvanced training onpower tillers

WAPCOS LTD 4-15

Table 14: Designated Testing Centres by Ministry of Agriculture(Northern India)

Indian AgriculturalResearch Institute,

New Delhi

CCS HaryanaAgricultural

University, Hisar

Sher-e-KashmirUniversity of

Agriculture Science& Technology,

Jammu

Punjab AgriculturalUniversity, Ludhiana

Central Institute ofPost Harvest

Engineering andTechnology

(CIPHET), Ludhiana

GBPUA&T,Pantnagar

Machines Tested2014-15 -- 87 30 132015-16 -- 94 27 182016-17 01 99 26 17

Total 01 280 93 48Category-wise machine tested

Tillage implements -- 123

Not yet startingtesting of farm

machinery

29

Not yet startingtesting of

processingequipments

29Levelling equipments -- -- 4 1

Sowing equipments 01 47 13 5Plant protection equipments -- 24 13 2

Harvesting machinery -- 4 1 -Threshing machinery -- 24 4 1

Straw management machinery -- 18 14 --Engines -- -- 3 --

Others -- 40 12 10Other informationNumber of tractors available fortesting

3 4 2 4


Sufficient Sufficient Sufficient Sufficient

Staff availabilityRegular staff 32 5 -- 3 -- 5

Contractual staff 1 13 -- 2 -- 7

WAPCOS LTD 4-16


Regularly beingattended by faculty

Regularly beingattended by

faculty

-- Regularly beingattended by faculty

-- Yes

On-line application system forreceiving application andaccepting

No No -- No -- No

Prioritizing the testing requestof the manufacturers

On Seniority Basis On SeniorityBasis

-- On Seniority Basis -- First come,First serve

Availability of standard testcode for equipment /machine

Yes Yes -- Yes -- Yes

Status of BIS codes beingfollowed

Yes Strictly beingfollowed

-- Yes -- Yes

Time frame for issuing testreport

Yes Within 4 monthsafter field test

-- Yes -- 80 % test reports arereleased within time

frame

Status of test report beinguploaded on website

Not uploaded Not uploaded -- Not uploaded -- Not uploaded

Availability of various test labs Farm Power lab,Farm Machinery lab,Workshop,Ergonomics lab,Electronics andelectrical lab.

Engine test set-up,plant protectionequipments testinglab, material testlab,

-- Engine test set-up,plant protectionequipments testinglab, material test lab,spray dropletanalyser lab, laserleveller test lab etc.

-- Farm machinerytesting lab, Tractorpower lab, Energylab, Bio-mechanicslab, Tillage andTraction lab

Availability of citizen charter No Yes -- Yes -- Well definedSpecial remark Looking into the

staff strength, theperformance of theinstitute seems to besluggish.

The centre has full-fledged facilities fortesting of plantprotectionequipments and alsohas two enginetestingdynamometers (20kW & 80 kW)

-- Support in terms ofman-power,contingency and testfacilities arerequired.

-- Engine test lab isbeing developed.Dedicated staff fortesting centreneeded.

WAPCOS LTD 4-17

Table 15: Designated Testing Centres by Ministry of Agriculture(Southern India)

Prof. JayashankarTelangana State Agril.

Univ., Hyderabad

University ofAgricultural

Sciences, Bangalore

University ofAgricultural

Sciences, Raichur

Kerala AgriculturalUniversity, Tavanur

Tamil NaduAgricultural University,

Coimbatore

Machines Tested2014-15 17 09 9 402015-16 68 66 7 332016-17 36 81 32 16


Tillage implements 17Funds are not

provided for theestablishment ofTesting Centre

12327 45

Levelling equipments -- 1 1Sowing equipments 16 18 -- 3

Plant protection equipments 8 -- -- 13Harvesting machinery 1 -- 2 1Threshing machinery 61 14 2 --

Straw management machinery -- 1 5 9Others 18 -- 11 17

Other informationNumber of tractors available fortesting

4 5 5 5


Sufficient Sufficient Modest Sufficient

Staff availabilityRegular staff 2 4 2 4

Contractual staff 6 7 3 5Training attended by staff forknowledge upgradation

Yes Yes No No

WAPCOS LTD 4-18

On-line application system forreceiving application and accepting

No -- No No No

Prioritizing the testing request of themanufacturers

On Seniority Basis -- On season Basis On Seniority Basis First come,First serve basis

Availability of standard test code forequipment /machine

Yes -- Yes Yes Yes

Status of BIS codes being followed Yes -- Yes Yes YesTime frame for issuing test report Yes -- 90% test reports are

released withintime frame

70% test reports arereleased within

time frame

Within 30 days ofcompleting the

field testingStatus of test report being uploadedon website

Not uploaded -- Not uploaded Not uploaded Not uploaded

Availability of various test labs Instruments areavailable for measuringhardness, bulk density,soil moisture, vibrationand noise

-- Material test lab,engine test lab, PPequipments testinglab, etc

Farm Power lab,Farm Machinery lab,Workshop,

Hardness testing lab,Engine test rig,Soil test bin, etc.

Availability of citizen charter No -- No No NoSpecial remark -- -- Training component

may be added.Permission for testingof PP equipmentsmay be given.Need additional fundsfor combine harvesterlab and solar gadgetslab.

Testing centre shouldhave permanentfaculty atleast of therank of AssistantProfessor.More funds areneeded for thedevelopment ofhardness andchemical analysis lab.

--

WAPCOS LTD 4-19

Table 16: Designated Testing Centres by Ministry of Agriculture(Eastern India)

RajendraAgricultural

University, Pusa

Orissa Universityof Agriculture &

Technology,Bhubaneswar

State Level FarmMachinery

Training andTesting Centre,Bhubaneswar

College ofAgricultural

Engineering andPost-harvestTechnology,

Gangtok

Indian Institute ofTechnology,Kharagpur

State FarmMachinery

Training-cum-Testing Institute,

Nadia(West Bengal)

Machines Tested2014-15 16 90 13 62015-16 -- 25 19 72016-17 -- 21 12 2

Total 16 136 44 15

Category-wise machine testedTillage implements 5 46 15

Not yet startedtesting of farm

machinery

5

Not yet startedtesting of farm

machinery

Levelling equipments -- -- -- --Sowing equipments -- 16 1 --

Plant protection equipments -- -- -- --Intercultivation equipments -- -- -- 4

Harvesting machinery -- 3 1 4Threshing machinery -- 36 11 2

Straw management machinery -- -- -- --Others 11 35 16 --

Other informationNumber of tractors availablefor testing

Nil 3 1 1 Being procured 3


No Sufficient Sufficient Modest Being procured Modest

Staff availabilityRegular staff Nil 3 6 2 3

Contractual staff Nil 3 4 1 1

WAPCOS LTD 4-20


Yes No Yes No Yes No

On-line application system forreceiving application andaccepting

No No In-process No No No

Prioritizing the testing requestof the manufacturers

First come, firstserve basis

Seniority list First come, firstserve basis

NA NA NA

Availability of standard testcode for equipment /machine

No Yes Yes No No NO


No Yes Yes NA NA NA


Not defined Yes 100% test reportsare releasedwithin time

frame

NA NA NA


No No No NA NA NA

Availability of various test labs Not available Tillage lab,Workshop

Material test lab,CAD lab

Engine test lab Farm machinerytest lab, Tractionlab, Workshop,Ergonomics lab.

Farm Machinerylab,

Farm Power lab

Farm Machinerylab,

Farm Power lab

Availability of citizen charter No Not defined No Not well defined No NoSpecial remark Rs.82.9 lakhs was

given in Aug,2014. But, it hasnot been utilizedtill date.

-- -- The testing centreis fully establishedand ready fortesting.Provision ofexclusive man-power for trainingneeded.

The institute hasbeen providedRs.1.27 crores forthe establishmentof centre on27.3.2017

--

WAPCOS LTD 4-21

Table 17: Designated Testing Centres by Ministry of Agriculture(Western India)

JunagarhAgriculturalUniversity,Junagarh

MPKV, Rahuri Dr. PDKV, Akola Dr. BSKKV,Dapoli

Maharana PratapUniversity of

Agriculture andTechnology, Udaipur

Swami KeshwanandRajathan AgriculturalUniversity, Bikaner

Machines Tested2014-15 102 50 34 33 84 562015-16 112 20 21 11 78 842016-17 144 14 42 21 76 71

Total 358 84 97 65 238 211Category-wise machine tested

Tillage implements 101 50 31 21 107 108Levelling equipments 8 -- -- -- 4 8

Sowing equipments 79 8 16 -- 31 33Plant protection

equipments82 3 31 5 6 4

Harvesting machinery 6 -- 4 6 10 12Threshing machinery 54 2 -- 6 50 34

Straw managementmachinery

23 -- 1 12 14 11

Others 5 21 14 15 16 1Other informationNumber of tractorsavailable for testing

7 2 4 5 2 4

Equipments andinstruments available fortesting

Sufficient Sufficient Sufficient Sufficient Sufficient Sufficient

WAPCOS LTD 4-22

Staff availabilityRegular staff 4 14 3 3 2 3

Contractual staff 5 Nil 6 4 4 10Training attended by stafffor knowledge upgradation

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

On-line application systemfor receiving applicationand accepting

No No Yes No In-process No

Prioritizing the testing request ofthe manufacturers

Category-wiseSeniority list

First come,First serve


Seniority list First come,First serve

Seniority list

Availability of standard testcode for equipment/machine





3 to 4 months(100 %)

Not defined 85 % test reports arereleased within time

frame

3 to 4 months(99 %)

85 % test reports arereleased within time

frame

80 % test reports arereleased within time frame


Not uploaded Not uploaded Not uploaded Not uploaded Not uploaded Not uploaded

Availability of various testlabs

Fully equippedfarm machinery

testing lab

Farm machinerytesting lab


testing lab


testing lab

FMPE lab, Tractionlab, Ergonomics lab,

Sprayer test lab,Workshop

Fully equipped farmmachinery testing lab,

Plant protection lab

Availability of citizencharter

Yes NO NO Well defined No No

Special remark Need of codes fornewly developedmachines.Revision of BIScodes is neededdue toadvancement oftechnology

Regular staff fortesting ofmachines isrequired.

Regular staff fortesting of machinesis required.

-- -- Since the centre hasdeveloped plantprotection equipmentstesting lab, necessaryapproval in this regardmay be accorded.

WAPCOS LTD 4-23

Table 18: Designated Testing Centres by Ministry of Agriculture(Central India)

State LevelAgriculture

Implement TestingCentre, Raipur,

Chattisgarh

Birsa AgriculturalUniversity,Jharkhand

JharkahandAgriculture

Machinery Testingand Training Centre,

Ranchi

Central Instituteof AgriculturalEngineering,

Bhopal

State Level FarmMachinery Training& Testing Institute,

Lucknow

Sam HigginbottomInstitute of

Agriculture,Technology &

Science. Allahabad

Machines Tested2014-15 112 70 29 212015-16 80 46 52 412016-17 23 19 41 20


Tillage implements 105

Not yet startedtesting of farmmachinery asfunds are notprovided

37 25 56

Not yet startedtesting of farmmachinery asfunds are not

provided

Levelling equipments 16 -- -- --Sowing equipments 35 07 42 05

Plant protectionequipments

9 -- 39 --

Harvesting machinery 4 02 -- --Threshing machinery 35 15 06 --

Straw managementmachinery

2 -- 03 --

Others 9 74 07 21Other informationNumber of tractorsavailable for testing

3 7 6 2

Equipments andinstruments available fortesting

Sufficient Modest Sufficient Sufficient

Regular staff 10 4 Nil 1Contractual staff 4 5 5 8

WAPCOS LTD 4-24

Training attended by stafffor knowledge upgradation

Nil Nil Yes Yes

On-line application systemfor receiving applicationand accepting

No Under process No No

Prioritizing the testingrequest of themanufacturers


First come,First serve &season based

Seniority basis First come,First serve

Availability of standard testcode for equipment/machine

Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes


15.7 % test reports arereleased within time

frame

90 % test reports arereleased within time

frame

Well defined 60 % test reports arereleased within time

frame


Not uploaded Not uploaded Not uploaded Not uploaded

Availability of various testlabs

No No Yes available Engine test lab, Seeddrill calibration lab,Hardness test lab

Availability of citizencharter

No No Well defined Well defined

Special remark -- -- Engine test lab isbeing developed.Dedicated stafffor testing centreneeded.

--

WAPCOS LTD 4-25

Testing Procedure and Quality of Testing Reports-

It has been observed that all the approved testing centres are testing the machines strictly asper the procedures/protocols being followed at the FMTTIs. BIS test codes are also beingfollowed. The designated testing centres are also following all the guidelines issued by theMinistry meticulously. In case of non-availability of relevant codes, the guidelines are takenfrom RNAM/ISO/ Manufacturer etc. Almost all instruments and equipments which arerequired for testing of agricultural machinery are available at the centres. However, most ofthe centres have not developed on-line application system for receiving application andaccepting, and neither the centres have framed the citizen charter. The format of the testingreports released by the designated centres closely follow the format of FMTTIs. In a nut-shell, it can be concluded that the quality of testing and the quality of test reports of thedesignated testing centres are at par with the FMTTIs.

4.2.1. Feedback analysis of manufacturers who got their machines tested at FMTTIs/Designated Centres

To assess the purpose, usefulness, time taken for testing, procedure adopted etc. for testing ofagricultural machinery by FMTTIs/Designated Centres, structured set of questionnaire wasgot filled up from different manufacturers who got their machines tested at any ofFMTTIs/Designated centres during 2014-17. Out of 3621 machines tested during 2014-17,388 (10.7%) manufacturers from different states of the country were interviewed. Thenumber of manufacturers who were interviewed category-wise and institute-wise is given inAnnexure-B. However, brief details of the same are given in the Table 19.

Table 19: Percentage of manufacturers interviewed who got their machines tested atvarious FMT&TIs/Designated centres during 2014-17

Category of machinetested

No. of machines tested Manufacturerssurveyed

Per centsample

surveyedFMT&TIs

(1)Designatedcentres (2)

Total(1+2)

Tillage implements 211 1105 1316 136 10.3Levelling equipments 40 43 83 7 8.4Sowing equipments 36 376 412 47 11.4Plant protectionequipments

154 239 39339 9.9

Inter-cultivationequipments

98 4 10212 11.8

Harvesting machinery 61 61 122 10 8.2Threshing machinery 15 357 372 46 12.4Straw managementmachinery

21 113 13414 10.4

Tractors 164 0 164 18 11.0Power Tillers 45 0 45 5 11.1Engines 2 3 5 0 0.0Combine Harvester 62 0 62 6 9.7Others 58 353 411 48 11.7Total 967 2654 3621 388 10.7

WAPCOS LTD 4-26

Purpose of getting the machines tested

The manufacturers who got their machines tested were asked about the purpose of gettingtheir machines tested. The structured questionnaire included five questions: For Statutoryrequirements (A), Subsidy purpose (B), For design refinement (C), Friends/relativesmotivated to get the machine tested (D), For commercial use (E). Majority of themanufacturers responded that the purpose of getting their machines tested is for availing thebenefit of subsidy programmes of Govt. The details of the response as given by themanufacturers are given in the Table 20 and graphically depicted in Fig. 11.

Table 20: Response of manufacturers on the purpose of getting their machines tested

Type of benefit Percentage

For Statutory requirements (A) 0

Subsidy purpose (B) 30.4

For design refinement (C) 15.9

Friends/relatives motivated to get the machine tested (D) 0

For commercial use (E) 14.5

Both A &B 10.0

A, B & D 8.7

Other different combinations 20.5

Fig. 11: Response of manufacturers on benefit of getting the machines tested

Benefit of getting the machines tested

All the respondents were interviewed about the benefit of getting their machines tested atvarious institutes and questionnaire included four factors: Increase in sale (A), Betteracceptance by the farmers (B), Increased confidence in the product (C), The company hasimproved its product based on the suggestions of testing authority (D). Majority of the

Subsidy purpose(B)

30.4%

For designrefinement (C)

15.9%

Forcommercial

use (E)14.5%

Both A & B10.0%

A, B & D8.7%

Other differentcombinations

20.5%

WAPCOS LTD 4-27

manufacturers responded that the benefit included all the four factors. The details of theresponse as given by the manufacturers are given in the Table 21 and graphically depicted inFig. 12.

Table 21: Response of manufacturers on benefit of getting the machines tested

Type of benefit PercentageIncrease in sale (A) 10.1Better acceptance by the farmers (B) 1.4Increased confidence in the product (C) 1.4The company improved its product based on therecommendations/suggestion given by the testing authority (D)

17.0

Both A & B 4.3Both A & D 5.7Both B & C 2.8A, B & C 27.3All the above said purposes (A, B, C & D) 30.0

Fig. 12: Response of manufacturers on benefit of getting the machines tested

Empanelment for supplying machines

Majority of the respondents (85.5 %) had replied that they have got themselves empanelledfor supplying machines under Govt. subsidy programmes after getting their machines tested.Amongst the non-empanelled suppliers/manufacturers, about 6% have reported that the

A, 10.1 B, 1.4C, 1.4

D, 17

A & B, 4.3A & D,

5.7

B & C, 2.8

A, B & C,27.3

A, B, C & D,30

A: Increase in sale

B: Better acceptance by thefarmers

C: Increased confidence in theproduct

D: The company has improved itsproduct based on the suggestionsof testing authority

WAPCOS LTD 4-28

process of getting empanelled is in process, whereas about 3 % have opined that getting theirfirm empanelled is a very costly affair.

Amongst the empanelled suppliers, 27.5 % suppliers are empanelled in almost all the states ofIndia, whereas 31.9 % suppliers are empanelled in Odisha, 14.5 % suppliers are empanelledin Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, 11.5 % suppliers are empanelled in AndhraPradesh, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, etc.

Duration of testing

To know the status of time taken for getting the machines tested, the respondents wereadministered the questionnaire having the options: Below 4 months, 4 to 6 months, 6 to 8months, 8 to 10 months, 10 to 12 months and more than 12 months. Majority of therespondents (47.8 %) have opined that they got their machines tested between 4 to 6 months,whereas 23.1 % of the respondents have reported that the time duration was below 4 months.Only, 1.4% manufacturers complained that the duration of testing was more than 12 months.The graphical representation of the response on the duration of testing is given in Fig. 13.

Fig. 13: Response of manufacturers on time taken for completion of machine testing

Satisfaction level on the procedure adopted for testing the machine

Majority of the manufacturers (87.5 %) have expressed their satisfaction on theprocedure/methodology adopted for testing their product. Amongst the unsatisfiedmanufacturers (7.5 %), 4.5 % respondents reported multiple reasons: complicated procedureof testing, high testing fee, unusual testing duration, non-cooperation from the testinginstitutes. A very few respondents (3.0%) were unsatisfied due to high testing fee. Some ofthe respondents (5 %) did not offer any comment on satisfaction level.

Below 4months, 23.1 %

4 to 6 months,47.8 %

6 to 8 months,7.2 %

8 to 10 months,4.3 %

More than 12months, 1.4 %

WAPCOS LTD 4-29

Adequacy of literature on the machines tested

To assess the adequacy level of literature on the machines tested, the manufacturers wereasked on the availability of: Operator manual (A), Spare parts catalogue (B), Pamphlet/leafletshowing major specification/function (C) and CD/DVD of the product showing live operation(D). Majority of the respondents (47.4 %) expressed that they have A,B & C, whereas 27.1%have all the four i.e., A, B,C & D. Meanwhile 12.6 % manufacturers have only A & B. Thecomplete details of the response of the manufacturers are shown in Fig. 14. From the survey,it is evident that only quarter of the manufacturers have all the literature. In order to remainglobally competitive, manufacturers of India should be sensitized on the importance of theliterature for effective marketing.

Fig. 14: Response of manufacturers on adequacy of literature on the machines tested

4.3. Evaluation of Demonstrations

CFMT&TI, Budni

Demonstrations were conducted by CFMT&TI, Budni both at on-campus and off-campus.However, almost all the demonstrations were held in Madhya Pradesh only. The machineswhich were demonstrated included reaper binder, raised bed planter, rotavator, paddytransplanter, boom sprayer, brush cutter, brush trimmer, rain irrigator, rain gun, disc plough,ground nut decorticator, power tiller etc. The details of demonstrations conducted during2014-17 at CFMT&TI, Budni is given in Table 22.

Table 22: Details of demonstrations conducted during 2014-17 at CFMT&TI, BudniF.Y. 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17No. of demonstrations held 41 171 58No. of technologies demonstrated 10 10 12No. of farmers benefitted 769 5217 1630No. of states covered One One One

A4.3%

C8.6%

A & B12.6%

A, B &C47.4%

A, B, C & D27.1%

A: Operator manual

B: Spare parts catalogue

C: Pamplet/leaflet showing majorspecification/function

D: CD/DVD of the productshowing live operation

WAPCOS LTD 4-30

NERFMT&TI, Biswanath Chariali

Demonstrations were conducted by NERFMT&TI, Biswanath Chariali both at on-campusand off-campus. The machines which were demonstrated included tea plucking machine,rotary weeder, shrub master, maize sheller, cono weeder, wheel hand hoe, potato slicer andpeeler, brush cutter, paddy reaper, drum seeder, mould board plough, paddy transplanter,power sprayer, foot compression sprayer, rotavator etc. The details of demonstrationsconducted during 2014-17 at NERFMT&TI, Biswanath Chariali is given in Table 23.

Table 23: Details of demonstrations conducted during 2014-17 at NERFMT&TI,Biswanath Chariali

F.Y. 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17No. of demonstrations held 37 51 89No. of technologies demonstrated 37 51 89No. of farmers benefitted 1046 1318 1924No. of states covered One Two Four

During 2015-16, under Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) twenty seven demonstrationswere conducted in eighteen constituency from NE region for disseminating knowledgerelated to different types of agricultural equipments. The total number of farmers benefittedwere 1394 nos.

During 2016-17, under Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) six demonstrations wereconducted in four constituency for disseminating knowledge related to different types ofagricultural equipments. The total number of farmers benefitted was 293 nos.

NRFMT&TI, Hisar

Demonstrations were conducted by NRFMT&TI, Hisar both different off-campus villagesites. The machines which were demonstrated included paddy drum seeder, paddytransplanter, rotary mobile shredder, tree maintenance platform, dry land power weeder,rotavator, groundnut digger shaker windrower, vertical conveyor reaper, baler, brush cutter,multi-crop thresher etc. The details of demonstrations conducted during 2014-17 atNRFMT&TI, Hisar is given in Table 24.

Table 24: Details of demonstrations conducted during 2014-17 at NRFMT&TI, Hisar

F.Y. 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17No. of demonstrations held 32 09 7No. of technologies demonstrated 15 06 20No. Of farmers benefitted 672 227 238Total hours of demonstration held 187 55 98No. of states covered One* Two Three

*Almost all the demonstrations were held in Haryana only

WAPCOS LTD 4-31

During 2015-16, under Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) forty demonstrations wereconducted in five states (40 constituency) for disseminating knowledge related to 42different types of agricultural and horticultural equipments. The total number of farmersbenefitted was 1885 nos.

During 2016-17, under Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) ninety four demonstrationswere conducted in four states (29 constituency) for disseminating knowledge related todifferent types of agricultural and horticultural equipment’s. The total number of farmersbenefitted was 2849 nos.

SRFMT&TI, Anantapur

Demonstrations were conducted by SRFMT&TI, Anantapur at different village sites. Themachines which were demonstrated included paddy drum seeder, paddy transplanter, rotarymobile shredder, tree maintenance platform, dryland power weeder, rotavator, groundnutdigger shaker windrower, vertical conveyor reaper, baler, brush cutter, multi-crop thresheretc. The details of demonstrations conducted during 2014-17 at SRFMT&TI, Anantapur isgiven in Table 25.

Table 25: Details of demonstrations conducted during 2014-17 atSRFMT&TI, Anantapur

F.Y. 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

No. of demonstrations held 32 23 20

No. of technologies demonstrated 15 23 20

No. Of farmers benefitted 672 373 219

Total hours of demonstration held 187 115 98

No. of states covered One* One* Three

*All the demonstrations were held in Anantapur district only

During 2016-17, under Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) forty demonstrations wereconducted in five states (40 constituency) for disseminating knowledge related to differenttypes of agricultural and horticultural equipment’s. The total number of farmers benefittedwas 2206 nos.

4.3.1. Feedback analysis of Demonstrations conducted by different FMT&TIs/StateGovernments

The number of demonstrations conducted by different FMTTIs/State Govt. during 2014-17under SMAM and the farmers surveyed from each state is given in Table 26. About 182farmers were evaluated for assessing the effectiveness and shortcomings of demonstrations.

WAPCOS LTD 4-32

Category-wise distribution of farmers on whose place demonstration was conducted

The analysis of respondents data reveals that the majority of demonstrations (53.9 %) wereheld in the lands of farmers belonging to Other Backward Class (OBC), whereas 17.9, 23.1 &5.1 % demonstrations were held in the fields of General, SC and ST category farmers,respectively. Thus, it is evident that inclusive demonstrations were held by including all thesections of society so that every section is benefitted from the latest technology.

Table 26: Demonstrations conducted and farmers surveyed in different States

StateDemonstrations

conducted(ha)

Farmers interviewed

Andhra Pradesh 600 5

Arunachal Pradesh 1700 20

Gujarat 400 5

HP 200 2

J&K 100 1

Karnataka 225 3

Kerala 504 5

MP 500 5

Manipur 4752 50

Meghalaya 200 2

Nagaland 592 6

Orissa 200 2

Rajasthan 200 2

Sikkim 640 7

Telangana 1800 20

UP 400 4

Uttarakhand 240 3

West Bengal 1700 20

FMT&TIs 757 20

Total 14953 182

WAPCOS LTD 4-33

Adoption level of technology which was demonstrated

The farmers were asked about the adoption level of technology on whose landdemonstrations were held. Majority of the farmers (39.6 %) reported that the adoption levelof demonstrated technology was ‘Low (10% to 20 %)’, whereas 34.0 % reported that it was‘Medium (20% to 50 %)’. About 10.6 % farmers reported it to be ‘High (more than 50 %)’and only 15.8 % farmers reported that the technology could not be adopted due to costlymachinery. The profile of adoption level of technologies demonstrated is given in Fig. 15.

Fig. 15: Adoption level of different technologies which were demonstrated during2014-17 under SMAM by FMT&TIs and Different States

4.4. Evaluation of Beneficiaries who Availed Subsidy for Purchasing AgriculturalMachinery

During 2014-17, funds to the tune of Rs.651.53 crores have been spent under the SMAMprogramme by various State Governments to provide financial assistance to the farmers forthe procurement of 4,56,817 nos. of various agricultural machinery and equipment’s. Theutilization pattern of funds by various State Governments is tabulated in Table 27 andgraphically illustrated in Fig. 16 and the number of machines distributed during 2014-17 istabulated in Table 28. Category-wise machines distributed by various State Governmentsduring 2014-17 is given in Table 29. Category-wise utilization pattern of funds by various

1High (> 50 %) 10.6High (20 to 50 %) 34Low (10 to 20 %) 39.6Extremely low (< 1.0 %) 15.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Adop

tion

leve

l of t

echn

olog

ies d

emon

stra

ted

(%)

WAPCOS LTD 4-34

State Governments during 2014-17 is given in Table 30. Utilization pattern of funds forWomen farmers by various State Governments during 2014-17 is tabulated in Table 31.

Table 27: The utilization pattern of funds by various State Governments and the during2014-17

StateFunds Released and Utilized (in lakhs)

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 TotalRecei. Utili Recei. Utili Recei. Utili Recei. Utili

Andhra Pradesh 1385.43 1620.58 1197 1471.44 8165.5 6394.60 10747 9486.62

ArunachalPradesh

49.0 0 188.0 0 133.0 0 370.0 0

Assam 700.00 700.00 0 0 100.0 100.00 800.0 800.00

Bihar 901.0 153.12 0 0 1400.0 0 2301.0 153.12

Chhattisgarh 591.38 507.46 883.92 790.80 1131.46 1077.48 2606.76 2375.74

Gujarat 794.0 0 2734.37 1463.91 2048.83 1268.50 5577.2 2732.41

Haryana 337 0 0 13.83 0 79.37 337 93.20

HP 102.0 101.59 75.0 74.82 250.0 495.00 427.0 671.41

J&K 118.41 28.40 95.0 88.60 106.19 26.69 319.6 143.69Jharkhand 358.0 49.00 254.0 38.00 225.0 64.00 837.0 151.00

Karnataka 962.0 0 0 769.92 6827.0 6989.93 7789.0 7759.85

Kerala 316.0 0 0 293.28 167.0 179.07 483.0 472.35

MP 1392.0 1042.77 2602.0 1798.9 3333.0 3852.37 7327 6694.04

Maharashtra 2712.0 2681.98 2128.0 2363.54 2500.0 2416.19 7340 7461.71

Manipur 110.0 6.25 291.0 64.39 0 47.88 401.0 118.52

Meghalaya 150.0 103.54 0 48.97 108.0 106.17 258 258.68

Mizoram 50.0 49.79 225.48 225.48 222.22 222.22 497.7 497.49Nagaland 62.0 63.16 380.0 374.04 495.47 431.48 937.47 868.68Orissa 709.0 600.21 567.0 500.66 1200.0 1200.00 2476.0 2300.87

Punjab 209.0 0 0 275.75 300.0 190.00 509.0 465.75

Rajasthan 782.19 597.37 1725.45 875.35 366.0 1089.69 2873.64 2562.41

Sikkim 19.0 18.52 65.0 65.39 144.0 144.00 228.0 227.91

Tamil Nadu 844.0 253.66 2139.0 3383.20 4850 4033.03 7833.0 7669.89

Telangana 693.0 19.67 476.0 54.01 0 199.68 1169.0 273.36Tripura 52.60 52.61 271.0 270.98 222.0 222.21 545.6 545.80UP 2121.0 1513.37 2752.0 2950.62 3900.0 3615.02 8773.0 8079.01Uttarakhand 135.05 108.80 151.48 145.24 284.56 275.05 571.09 529.09West Bengal 598.0 521.50 565.0 699.01 899.7 539.87 2062.7 1760.38

TOTAL 17253.06 10793.35 19765.7 18330.21 39378.93 35259.5 76397.69 65152.98

WAPCOS LTD 4-35

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Am

ount

Util

ized

(in

lakh

s)

Amount Utilized (in lakhs) by different States during 2014-17

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Total Amount Utilized = 65759.78 lakhs

Fig. 16: Utilization pattern of funds by various State Governments during 2014-17 under the SMAM programme

WAPCOS LTD 4-36

Table 28: The utilization pattern of funds by various State Governments and thenumber of machines distributed during 2014-17

State

Fundsutilized

Number of Machinerydistributed

HouseholdData

Validatedand

Analyzed(in

lakhs)2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total

Andhra Pradesh 9486.62 7244 5709 31868 44821 2327

Arunachal 0 0 0 0 0 0

Assam 800.00 0 0 0 0 0

Bihar 153.12 0 0 0 0 0

Chhattisgarh 2375.74 9833 9847 79487 99167 867

Gujarat 2732.41 0 2326 4327 6653 840

Haryana 700.00 0 0 0 0 0

HP 671.41 308 358 798 1464 324

J&K 143.69 194 1462 2438 4094 500

Jharkhand 151.00 0 0 0 0 0

Karnataka 7759.85 0 7925 54565 62490 950

Kerala 472.35 0 0 203 203 20

MP 6694.04 46795 55218 66534 168547 2780

Maharashtra 7461.71 14671 4507 4694 23872 1651

Manipur 118.52 11 111 77 199 81

Meghalaya 258.68 116 148 208 472 40

Mizoram 497.49 0 300 207 507 130

Nagaland 868.68 50 240 291 581 88

Orissa 2300.87 1351 2022 1675 5048 375

Punjab 465.75 0 0 0 0 0

Rajasthan 2562.41 1969 4111 8358 14438 534

Sikkim 227.91 0 121 306 427 100

Tamil Nadu 7669.89 222 2771 1881 4874 600

Telangana 273.36 124 337 1625 2086 877

Tripura 545.80 8 307 296 611 71

UP 8079.01 0 5297 8405 13702 2160

Uttarakhand 529.09 309 208 259 776 370

West Bengal 1760.38 808 282 695 1785 500

TOTAL 65759.78 84013 103607 269197 456817 16185

Blocks of beneficiaries surveyed in different states who availed subsidy for the procurementof agricultural machinery is given in Annexure-B.

WAPCOS LTD 4-37

Table 29: Category-wise machines distributed by various State Governments and the during 2014-17

State Fundsutilized

(in lakhs)

Number of Machinery distributed GrandTotalTractor Power tiller Power operated implements Hand operated/ Bullock operated

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total

Andhra Pradesh 9486.62 184 360 16 560 239 464 2348 3051 6821 4885 29504 41210 0 0 0 0 44821ArunachalPradesh

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Assam 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Bihar 153.12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Chhattisgarh 2375.74 0 0 168 168 561 437 229 1227 2322 1813 3339 7474 6950 7597 75751 90298 99167Gujarat 2732.41 0 2 0 2 0 228 266 494 0 2096 4061 6157 0 0 0 0 6653Haryana 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HP 671.41 0 48 188 236 36 60 383 479 272 250 227 749 0 0 0 0 1464J&K 143.69 12 48 34 94 8 119 285 412 174 1120 650 1944 0 175 1469 1644 4094Jharkhand 151 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Karnataka 7759.85 0 40 545 585 0 65 892 957 0 7820 53128 60948 0 0 0 0 62490Kerala 472.35 0 0 34 34 0 0 19 19 0 0 143 143 0 0 7 7 203MP 6694.04 480 655 781 1916 256 199 456 911 24349 16216 18855 59420 21710 38148 46442 106300 168547Maharashtra 7461.71 782 914 1279 2975 363 574 993 1930 6714 2673 2122 11509 6812 346 300 7458 23872Manipur 118.52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 111 77 199 0 0 0 0 199Meghalaya 258.68 1 0 0 1 112 0 86 198 3 148 122 273 0 0 0 0 472Mizoram 497.49 0 0 0 0 0 100 156 256 0 140 51 191 0 60 0 60 507Nagaland 868.68 0 0 0 0 20 48 171 239 30 192 120 342 0 0 0 0 581Orissa 2300.87 0 0 0 0 932 1108 1188 3228 419 914 487 1820 0 0 0 0 5048Punjab 465.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Rajasthan 2562.41 0 0 0 0 49 0 37 86 1480 3133 7045 11658 440 978 1276 2694 14438Sikkim 227.91 0 0 0 0 0 21 86 107 0 100 220 320 0 0 0 0 427Tamil Nadu 7669.89 222 1037 971 2230 0 681 299 980 0 1053 611 1664 0 0 0 0 4874Telengana 273.36 1 4 36 41 0 11 26 37 123 322 1563 2008 0 0 0 0 2086Tripura 545.8 0 0 0 0 8 307 296 611 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 611UP 8079.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1495 5133 6628 0 3802 3272 7074 13702Uttarakhand 529.09 4 14 29 47 14 5 9 28 53 83 126 262 238 106 95 439 776West Bengal 1760.38 72 41 50 163 405 220 379 1004 331 21 266 618 0 0 0 0 1785Total 65759.78 1758 3163 4131 9052 3003 4647 8604 16254 43102 44585 127850 215537 36150 51212 128612 215974 456817

WAPCOS LTD 4-38

Table 30: Category-wise utilization pattern of funds by various State Governmentsduring 2014-17

StateFundsutilized

(in lakhs)General SC ST Others

Andhra Pradesh 9486.62 4292.99 1871.83 579.94 1691.99Assam 800.00 450.00 70.00 120.00 160.00Bihar 153.12 153.12 0 0 0Haryana 700.00 700.00 0 0 0HP 671.41 538.31 109.61 23.49 0Jharkhand 151.00 9.00 0 0 142.00Karnataka 7759.85 5379.88 1302.56 608.21 0Kerala 472.35 428.50 18.00 25.85 0MP 6694.04 4437.15 985.97 1270.92 0Manipur 118.52 42.89 10.20 38.38 0Meghalaya 258.68 49.61 0 129.68 79.39Nagaland 868.68 0 0 723.91 144.77Punjab 465.75 465.75 0 0 0Rajasthan 2562.41 2242.64 145.43 174.34 0Sikkim 227.91 177.16 28.52 22.23 0Tamil Nadu 7669.89 5848.53 1799.33 22.03 0Telangana 273.36 205.63 42.20 25.51 0Tripura 545.8 238.32 129.87 177.61 0UP 8079.01 6495.01 1468.45 115.55 0West Bengal 1760.38 1165.88 506.80 87.70 0

Total49718.78 33320.37

(67.0 %)8488.77

(17.1 %)4145.37(8.3 %)

3764.27(7.6%)

*For other States, category-wise expenditure was not provided

Table 31: Utilization pattern of funds for Women farmers by various StateGovernments during 2014-17

StateTotal Funds

utilized(in lakhs)

Funds utilized forWomen farmers

(in lakhs)Andhra Pradesh 9486.62 1049.85Assam 800.00 160.00Jharkhand 151.00 55.00Karnataka 7759.85 469.2Manipur 118.52 27.05Meghalaya 258.68 79.39Nagaland 868.68 144.77

TOTAL19443.35 1985.28

(10.2%)*For other States, expenditure made for women farmers was not provided

WAPCOS LTD 4-39

Table 32: State-wise and category-wise beneficiaries surveyed underComponent-3 of SMAM

State Marginal Small Semi medium Medium Large TotalAndhra Pradesh 1415 504 240 76 15 2250Chhattisgarh 589 175 86 40 10 900Gujarat 322 242 168 87 21 840HP 200 57 28 9 6 300J&K 415 55 19 8 3 500Karnataka 476 272 132 54 16 950Kerala 16 1 1 1 1 20MP 1345 751 445 212 27 2780Maharashtra 810 496 247 82 35 1670Manipur 41 17 14 7 2 81Meghalaya 20 9 5 4 2 40Mizoram 34 22 12 10 2 80Nagaland 4 10 27 33 16 90Orissa 270 75 20 14 6 385Rajasthan 192 122 106 92 22 534Sikkim 54 23 12 8 3 100Tamil Nadu 453 91 36 12 8 600Telengana 511 156 95 72 42 876Tripura 56 7 4 2 1 70UP 1728 242 108 58 24 2160Uttarakhand 296 48 11 9 6 370West Bengal 335 90 50 21 4 500Total 9626 3493 1909 947 284 16259Percent Share 59.20 21.48 11.74 5.82 1.76 100

4.4.1 Ease of Getting Subsidy for Purchase of Implements under SMAM

To assess the ease of getting subsidy and paper work involved, it has been observedthat 6 to 9.5% of total farmer in various states faced difficulty, but majority of thefarmers from 90.5% to 94% did not face much problem. Regarding paper workinvolved, 68.2% farmers indicated that it is acceptable, whereas 31.8% indicated thattoo much paper work is involved.

WAPCOS LTD 4-40

State Av. TimeTaken for

Approval ofSubsidy

(Months)

Ease of Getting Approval of Subsidy (%) Ease of doing Paper Work(%)

Very easy Easy Moderate Difficult Toomuch

Normal Short

AndhraPradesh 1.9 15.9 28.7 46.1 9.3 32.7 55.0 12.3

Chhattisgarh 2.0 12.7 49.8 29.1 8.5 33.8 57.0 9.2

Gujarat 1.3 14.5 50.5 27.0 8.0 28.0 69.2 2.8HP 2.1 21.1 28.8 42.2 8.0 30.3 52.9 16.8J&K 1.8 3.9 36.2 51.2 8.8 33.5 56.3 10.2Karnataka 1.6 9.1 64.9 18.0 8.0 36.3 62.2 1.4Kerala 1.3 38.8 34.4 18.8 8.0 29.4 67.4 3.2

MP 2.0 11.2 32.3 47.0 9.5 31.3 59.2 9.5Maharashtra 1.6 4.4 33.4 53.2 9.0 32.2 58.5 9.3Manipur 2.8 10.3 61.4 20.3 8.0 27.0 51.7 21.3Meghalaya 1.8 11.3 63.7 17.0 8.0 33.1 64.7 2.2Mizoram 1.8 3.5 71.5 17.0 8.0 28.0 72.0 0.0

Nagaland 1.2 55.7 16.3 20.0 8.0 28.7 66.4 4.9

Orissa 1.9 16.3 38.0 38.7 7.0 32.9 57.9 9.2Rajasthan 2.0 14.0 24.8 55.2 6.0 34.8 53.4 11.7Sikkim 2.1 16.5 32.0 43.1 8.5 33.3 47.3 19.5

Tamil Nadu 2.2 4.6 56.8 30.3 8.3 32.0 55.7 12.3Telangana 1.4 24.3 50.7 16.0 9.0 31.2 66.6 2.2

Tripura 2.2 20.7 32.1 39.2 8.0 32.2 56.1 11.7

UP 2.0 11.9 30.4 48.5 9.2 30.1 59.2 10.7

Uttarakhand 1.5 21.3 51.6 19.1 8.0 27.9 69.8 2.3

West Bengal 1.8 38.9 15.1 38.0 8.0 32.6 55.6 11.8

All India 1.8 13.3 37.8 40.1 8.7 31.8 59.1 9.1

WAPCOS LTD 4-41

4.4.2. Source of Awareness, Information About SMAM Programme and Price ofImplements Purchased

The source of awareness of SMAM scheme for availing subsidy by the farmers was analyzed.It was observed that 84% farmers got awareness from the Agri. Deptt, 6.8% from news-paperand 9.3% from neighbors, friend etc. 32% farmers indicated that price of machine wasoptimum, 20.7% reported on higher side whereas 47.3% give no opinion.

State Source of Awareness Price of Machine

Agril. Deptt Newspaper Neighbors/Friends Optimum On higher side No opinion

AndhraPradesh 81.0 5.5 13.5 30.7 22.5 46.8

Arunachal 92.2 5.4 2.4 38.5 23.5 38.0

Assam 87.9 6.7 5.4 53.1 12.3 34.6

Bihar 62.6 17.5 19.9 69.6 40.0 -9.6

Chhattisgarh 89.2 5.7 5.1 40.2 26.1 33.7

Gujarat 77.6 12.4 10.0 34.3 10.0 55.7

HP 91.0 5.0 4.0 25.6 29.6 44.7

J&K 87.2 5.0 7.8 24.8 28.3 46.9

Karnataka 88.6 5.5 5.8 10.0 10.5 79.5

Kerala 65.1 15.6 19.4 57.0 8.2 34.8

MP 83.4 5.3 11.3 34.3 25.2 40.6

Maharashtra 89.3 5.0 5.7 27.5 23.1 49.4

Manipur 88.7 7.3 4.0 48.8 30.9 20.3

Meghalaya 90.8 5.0 4.2 31.5 11.0 57.5

Mizoram 88.9 9.1 2.0 33.9 15.3 50.8

Nagaland 63.1 15.1 21.9 60.0 14.3 25.7

Orissa 86.0 5.6 8.4 47.6 20.8 31.6

Punjab 88.1 6.2 5.7 31.4 15.0 53.6

Rajasthan 81.2 7.4 11.4 39.3 11.6 49.1

WAPCOS LTD 4-42

4.4.3 Average cost of Implement, Subsidy Availed and Source of Funding

The average cost of machine, average subsidy received on the machine and source of financewas studied. The analysis indicated that to arrange finance for purchase of implement is themain issue. Anyway 71% of the farmers who availed subsidy arranged finance bythemselves, 23.8% took loan from friends/relatives and 5.3% through bank loan.

Average cost of Implement, Subsidy Availed and Source of FundingState Average Cost

of Impl. (Rs.)Average Subsidy

Received (Rs.)Source of Finance (%)

Self Bank Loan Friend/Relatives

Andhra Pradesh 67247.5 25045.5 71.6 4.5 23.9

Chhattisgarh 70032.7 24584.3 71.0 5.4 23.6

Gujarat 60354.8 22913.2 73.7 3.6 22.7

HP 36778.7 14731.6 70.0 4.0 26.0

J&K 60608.0 22697.3 71.1 6.1 22.8

Karnataka 86479.9 28232.0 69.6 6.9 23.5

Kerala 48414.5 17757.0 74.1 3.9 22.0

MP 64317.9 22306.7 70.6 5.1 24.3

Sikkim 83.3 5.0 11.8 30.7 26.3 43.0

Tamil Nadu 91.1 5.6 3.3 28.4 29.9 41.7

Telangana 82.3 9.9 7.8 27.1 18.5 54.4

Tripura 78.2 6.2 15.6 42.9 18.8 38.4

UP 82.3 8.8 8.9 34.6 18.7 46.7

Uttarakhand 78.8 11.0 10.2 34.8 11.5 53.7

West Bengal 75.9 7.5 16.6 43.1 13.0 43.9

All India 84.0 6.8 9.3 32.0 20.7 47.3

WAPCOS LTD 4-43

Maharashtra 59091.7 21575.3 68.9 8.1 23.0

Manipur 72734.7 18444.9 66.4 3.0 30.6

Meghalaya 100642.2 33490.1 69.9 7.3 22.8

Mizoram 67739.9 20879.8 68.3 7.0 24.7

Nagaland 48586.4 17567.2 74.3 3.7 22.0

Orissa 46550.1 19741.8 73.9 3.6 22.6

Rajasthan 103027.6 31194.3 68.4 6.5 25.1

Sikkim 61348.9 22800.9 69.3 5.4 25.3

Tamil Nadu 51403.3 15804.4 69.2 5.5 25.3

Telangana 76095.9 25483.1 71.6 5.4 23.0

Tripura 44855.5 19099.8 73.7 3.7 22.7

UP 68113.1 23817.3 71.8 4.5 23.7

Uttarakhand 74110.8 23945.2 70.4 4.4 25.2

West Bengal 60257.5 23283.0 73.8 3.6 22.6

All India 66349.8 23313.5 71.0 5.3 23.8

WAPCOS LTD 4-44

Arrangement of Funds for Procurement of Machinery

4.4.4. Feedback analysis of beneficiaries of financial assistance for the procurement ofvarious agricultural machinery and equipment

Out of 4,56,817 beneficiaries of financial assistance for the procurement of variousagricultural machinery and equipment during 2014-17 in different States, 16259 farmers (3.6%) were interviewed and were administered structured questionnaire and the responses wereanalyzed using suitable tools.

Category-wise distributionTo assess the category-wise distribution of beneficiaries, the questionnaire included questionrelated to the category to which they belong. Majority of beneficiaries were from Generalcategory (62.5%) followed by SC (19.2 %). ST and OBC beneficiaries occupied 7.9% and10.4%, respectively, as illustrated in the Fig. 17.

Self71%

BankLoan5%

Friend/Relative

24%

WAPCOS LTD 4-45

Fig. 17: Category-wise distribution of beneficiaries who availed financial assistance forthe procurement of agricultural machinery

Literacy profile of beneficiariesMajority of beneficiaries (32 %) who procured agricultural machinery and equipment’s were‘Under Matric’ as depicted in Fig. 18. The percent share of Illiterate, Secondary, Highersecondary, Graduate, Postgraduate were found to be 17%, 24%, 19%, 6% and 2%,respectively.

Fig. 18: Literacy profile of beneficiaries who availed financial assistance for theprocurement of agricultural machinery

Income distribution of respondentsAnalysis of income of beneficiaries has revealed that most of the beneficiaries (34%) hadincome between Rs. 50,000 to 1 lakh, whereas 26% had income from 1 to 1.5 lakh rupees,14% had income between Rs. 1.5-2 lakh. Higher income categories comprising of 2-3 lakhrupees and more than Rs. 3 lakh accounted for 4% and 3%, respectively. There were 19%beneficiaries who had income less than Rs. 50,000. The income profile of beneficiaries isgraphically illustrated in Fig. 19.

General, 62.5 %SC, 19.2 %

ST, 7.9 %

Others, 10.4 %

Illiterate17%

Under Matric32%

Secondary24%

HigherSecondry

19%

Graduate6%

Post Graduate2%

WAPCOS LTD 4-46

Fig. 19: Income Distribution of beneficiaries who availed financial assistance for theprocurement of agricultural machinery

Land holding patternOut of total farmers surveyed, 58% beneficiaries were owner of the land and 42% had landon lease Fig. 20.

Fig. 20: Land holding pattern of respondents

Based on the analysis of irrigation facilities, 62% of beneficiaries' land was irrigated by bothcanal and tubewell, 10% land from canal only and 19% land from tubewell only. Rainfedarea was 7%, and the area under both rainfed as well as tubewell was 2% as shown in theFig. 21.

<5000019%

Rs.50000-1 Lakh34%1-1.5 Lakh

26%

1.5-2 Lakh14%

2-3 Lakh4%

>3 Lakh3%

Own58%

Leased42%

WAPCOS LTD 4-47

Fig. 21: Irrigation facilities of respondents

Source of information about the schemeWhen the beneficiaries were asked about the source of information about the scheme, 84% ofthem reported that they were informed by state agricultural departments Fig. 22. A fraction ofbeneficiaries (7 %) were informed by newspaper, whereas 8% beneficiaries were informed bytheir friends or relatives. Just 1% or less were acquainted to the scheme by radio/TV or anyother source of information.

Fig. 22: Share of different source of information about the programme

Arrangement of funds for procurement of machineryIt was observed that 71% of the beneficiaries arranged the money for the purchase ofimplement on their own, 24% from their friends or relatives and a 5% from the bank loan asillustrated in the Fig. 23. No farmer had opted for the financer.

Canal10%

Tubewell19%

Rainfed7%

Tubewell, Rainfed2%

Canal, Tubewell62%

Agril Deptt.84%

Newpaper7%

Friends/Relatives8%

Radio/TV1%

WAPCOS LTD 4-48

Fig. 23: Share of different sources of funds for procurement of machinery

The amount of financial assistance the farmers got for the procurement of differentmachinery is depicted in Fig. 24. It is evident that majority of the beneficiaries (32%) gotfinancial assistance in the range of 31-40%, whereas 27% farmers got financial assistance inthe range of 21-30% and 22% farmers in 41-50 % subsidy range.

Fig. 24: Respondents profile on the range of financial assistance provided by the Govt.

About 32% of the beneficiaries informed that the price of machine which was available onsubsidy in comparison to the machine which was available in open market was same,whereas 21.1% felt that the price of the machine which was provided on subsidy remained onhigher side.

Self71%

Bank Loan5%

Friend/ Relative24%

10-20% subsidy1%

21-30% subsidy27%

31-40% subsidy32%

41-50% subsidy22%

51-60% subsidy1%

61-70% subsidy12%

71-80% subsidy5%

WAPCOS LTD 4-49

Around 45% of the beneficiaries opined that they had received the subsidy amount within aduration of 2-4 months. A significant fraction (38%) of them got the subsidy within twomonths period. Rest of them, got subsidy amount in more than four months. Time taken forreimbursement of subsidy amount is graphically shown in the Fig. 25.

Fig. 25: Time taken for reimbursement of subsidy amount

Fig. 26: Ease of getting subsidy amount

As illustrated in Fig. 26, the majority of the beneficiaries (49%) termed the process ofgetting subsidy as ‘moderately easy’, whereas some (38%) of them reported it as ‘easy’ and13% termed it as ‘very easy’. When the beneficiaries were asked about the amount of paperwork involved in getting subsidy, 59% of them said that it was ‘normal’, whereas 32%reported it as ‘too much’. Just 9% of them, opined that the paperwork was ‘short’.

<2 Months38%

2-4 Months45%

4-6 Months11%

6-8 Months5%

10-12 Months1%

Very Easy13%

Easy38%

Moderate49%

WAPCOS LTD 4-50

About 63% of the beneficiaries reported that they had faced multiple problems, whilereceiving the subsidy amount. The problems were: subsidy amount was not credited in theright account, problems in paperwork, hindrance caused by departmental officials, delay inthe process while availing subsidy, etc. Therefore, it is recommended that a fool-proofmechanism be evolved for smooth disbursement of subsidy amount.

Machine availability statusAbout 74% of the beneficiaries owned the tractor, whereas rest of them availed it on hiringbasis. Nearly half of the machines (52%) were matching with the tractor hp. About 61% ofthe machines had operator manual along with it which was supplied by the manufacturer.There was six times out of 10 when the manufacture conducted demonstration of the machinefor the beneficiaries. It was observed that 75% of the machines were physically present.Amongst the machines available, 71 % machines were in ‘Good running condition’ and theremaining 29 % were either requires minor or major repair or unserviceable. The reasons forrepair includes wear and tear of garden tille’s blades, power tiller’s tine, damage of sprayersnozzle and recurring problems of repair associated with self-propelled reapers. The reasonsfor un-serviceability are non-availability of spare parts damages due to improper handling,and manufacturing defects. As depicted in the Fig. 27, among the machines which were notphysically available at the time of the visit, reasons were; sent to hiring (38 %), given tofriend or relative (14 %), sent for repair (6 %) and remaining were unavailable for unknownreasons.

Fig. 27: Profile of machine availability status

Purchase inspirationWhen the beneficiaries were asked about the source of inspiration that made them to avail thebenefit of the scheme, 20% of them reported that they were convinced with the performanceof the new implement, whereas 38.7% of them were lured by the availability of the subsidyFig. 28. Only 2.5% of the beneficiaries had taken the purchase decision based on the benefitsof timely field operations.

Sent to Hiring38%

Sent to Friend14%Sent for repair

6%

Any other42%

WAPCOS LTD 4-51

Before the purchase of implement, 71.3% of the beneficiaries were not using the implementin any form. Rest of them were getting the benefit of the implement from relative's tractor(13.28%), on custom hiring basis (5.97% ), remaining by animal or by other means.

Fig. 28: Respondents distribution on the factors related to inspiration for purchasingthe machinery

Machine acquaintanceBased on the analysis of the ways through which they got command over the use of machine,it was found that a majority of them (39.1 %) learned it from neighbours, 22.5 % learnedfrom the demo provided by the manufacturer, 23.2 % learned based on their knowledge andrest of them learned from the manual provided along with the machine Fig. 29.

Fig. 29: Beneficiaries response profile on the acquaintance with the machine

Low efficiency ofexisting system

35.8%

Convinced withthe performance

of newimplement

20.0%

Subsidy wasavailable

38.7%

Any other reason3.0%

Timely fieldoperation

2.5%

Learnt from themanual

provided alongwith themachine

15.3%

Learned fromneighbours

39.1%

Learnt from thedemo providedby the company

22.5%

Using ownknowledge

23.2%

WAPCOS LTD 4-52

Condition of machine

The survey of the beneficiaries revealed that 62.4% of the machines owned by them were ingood condition, 20.7% in very good condition, 12.1 % in average condition and rest of themwere in poor condition. There were safety symbols on the 67.8 % of the machines.Considering overall performance of the machine, 24.8 %, 65.0 %, 5.5 % and 4.7 % of themwere rated as very good, good, average and poor, respectively Fig. 30.

Fig. 30: Respondents viewpoint on overall performance of the machine

Most of the beneficiaries (87%) reported that no accidents occurred while working with themachines. About 76% of them reported easy availability of the spare parts of the machine. Asit is evident from the Fig. 31, operational awareness before availing the machine underSMAM was also good.

Fig. 31: Operational awareness before availing financial assistance

Very good24.8%

Good65.0%

Average5.5%

Poor4.7%

Very good14%

Good70%

Average12%

Poor4%

WAPCOS LTD 4-53

Availability of local mechanics for machine repair was categorised in four category: verygood, good, average and poor which was found to be 11.6%, 63.5%, 19.9% and 4.9 %,respectively.

Usefulness of the machineIt can be inferred from the Fig. 32, that 80 % of the beneficiaries reported that the machinewas ‘useful’, whereas 19 % reported it to be ‘very useful’.

Fig. 32: Respondents distribution on usefulness of the machine which was availed onsubsidy

Impact of farm machinery provided under SMAM

The household survey of beneficiaries of financial assistance for the procurement ofagricultural machinery was conducted to assess the impact in terms of seed rate, seedgermination, crop yield, saving of farm labour, saving of diesel/fuel cost due to the use ofimproved farm machinery and is discussed below.

Seed Rate: It was revealed that most of the farmers were sowing the seeds on very higherside. In case of wheat the seed rate was observed as 125 kg per ha against the recommendedseed rate of 100 kg per ha.. The reduction in the seed rate was observed in range of 5 % to19.8 % among the surveyed households. Thus, farmers have saved the input cost throughreduction in seed rate, thereby reduction in overall cost of cultivation. .

Seed Germination Rate- It was revealed that most of the farmers were sowing the seedsthrough broadcasting or bullock drawn implements. In case of paddy-soybean-wheat-maize,the seed was not placed uniformly at the recommended depth. This was causing poor rate ofgermination or even losses due to birds and insects. However, after the use of seed drill andmulti crop planters, the overall seed Germination rate has improved in the range of 6.9 % to28.8 % among the surveyed households. The average increase in seed germination rate wasin the range of 14.1%. Thus, farmers have received better yield of crop due to proper plantpopulation on one hand and saved the input cost through reduction in seed rate, on the otherhand.

Very useful19%

Useful80%

WAPCOS LTD 4-54

Fertilizer Requirement: It was revealed that most of the farmers were applying thefertilizers on higher side as basal dose and top dressing. After the use of seed cum fertilizerdrill and fertilizer broadcaster, the consumption vis-à-vis fertilizer use efficiency hasimproved. At the same time cost of labour for fertilizer application has also reduced. Thereduction in the fertilizer application was observed in range of 10.1% to 19.9 % among thesurveyed households. The average reduction in fertilizer rate was in the range of 12.7 %.Thus, farmers have saved the input cost through reduction and efficient use of fertilizer,thereby reduction in cost of cultivation. .

Weed Control: It has been found that the use of rotavator results in better tilth and seed bedpreparation. The farmers have also adopted power weeder, cono weeder, garden tillers, whichhas impacted in reduction of weeds. The weed control has ultimately resulted in the increaseof crop yields. The reduction in the weeds was observed in range of 19.2% to 41.4% amongthe surveyed households. The average reduction in weeds was in the range of 26.6 %. Thus,crops have yielded better due to saving of moisture and soil nutrients.

Labour Requirement- The field operations like seeding, clod crushing, weeding, watering,fodder cutting & chopping, crop loading, unloading and harvesting, were performedmanually. After the purchase of farm machinery by the individual farmers, the reduction inlabour charges in the range of 23.6% to 38.6 % on account of labour charges has beenobserved. Thus, on an average farmers have saved 30.30 % on account of labour cost inoverall cost of cultivation.

Time of Farm Operation- The farming in India was a labour intensive profession due tomore dependence on animal and manual labour causing drudgery and excessive hard work.The promotion of mechanized farm operations has resulted in saving of time of farmingcommunity and giving them opportunity to do some other productive works. The householdsurvey reveals that after purchase of farm machinery under the scheme, they have saved timein the range of 18.9% to 36.7% depending upon the type of machine purchased. This hasresulted in to saving of time and better living condition. Thus on an average farmers havesaved 33.7% of time on account of farm operations.

Diesel Consumption- With the induction of improved and crop specific farm machinery ofhigher efficiency, reduction in consumption of diesel in the range of 12.2 % to 28.9 % hasbeen reported by the farmers. On an average, 22.4% reduction in diesel consumption hasbeen assessed, which has reduced the cost of cultivation, thereby increasing the income offarmers.

Crop Yield – Due to various above stated factors, the quality of farm operations hasimproved. The land preparation, seed and fertilizer placement, weed control, intercultureoperations, are performed in time bound manner. The harvesting and threshing time hasconsiderably reduced which has reduced the incidences of crop damage due to untimely rains.All the above factors has contributed in increase of crop yields and reduction in post harvestlosses. The increase in crop yield has been reported in the range of 13% to 23.6%. But on anaverage, 17.90 % increase in crop yields have been recorded.

WAPCOS LTD 4-55

Impact of Specific machinery

a) RotavatorAlmost all the farmers who purchased rotavators on subsidy responded that there was bettergermination, uniform crop stand with good tillering. It was observed that 82.26 % ofrotavator users reported that the condition of the crop after first irrigation was ‘good’.Approximately 86 % rotavator users reported that there was no lodging of crop. It was foundthat 15.40 % of rotavator users felt that by using rotavator there was compaction of soilwhereas 84.02 % of users did not feel any compaction in their field. Moreover, almost 85 %of farmers felt that there was saving in water by the use of rotavator.b) Zero till seed cum fertilizer drillZero till seed cum fertilizer drill has been well adopted by the farmers. It has proved that themachine is very useful in sowing of wheat after paddy crop. During the course of survey,farmers were asked about quality of the machine and it was revealed that manufacturingquality of 73.73 % machines was ‘very good’ quality and 26.27 % were of ‘good’ quality.Other findings are:

1. The farmers were asked whether there was increase or decrease in the productivityand advancement in the sowing time of crop. It was revealed that 90.15 % farmersreported that there was marginal increase in the yield. Majority of the farmers (99.5%) reported that they were able to carry out sowing operation one week earlier. Thisshows that zero till seed drill was suitable for early sowing of wheat crop.

2. The performance of zero till seed drill was evaluated in terms of crop conditions atdifferent stages. Almost all the farmers reported that there was good germination withthe use of zero till seed cum fertilizer drill and the crop stand was also uniform. Thisshows that zero till seed drill is better than other conventional machines. Amongstthe surveyed farmers, tillering was reported to be ‘good’ by all of the farmers.Regarding the condition of crop after 1st irrigation, 87.23 % farmers told that the cropcondition was ‘good’. As far as lodging of crop is concerned, 89.42 % farmers saidthat there was no lodging in the crop sown by zero till seed drill, while 10.22 %farmers gave no opinion about this.

3. In this survey information about harvesting method of previous paddy crop was alsocollected. Information about the number of farmers using different methods ofharvesting i.e., manual, vertical conveyor reaper (VCR) and combine was gathered. Itwas found that 41.60 % of sampled farmers harvested crop manually and 29.20 %farmers used VCR. The Combine was used by 29.20 % farmers for harvesting andthreshing.

4. Different methods of crop residue management like burning, ploughing back withconventional implements and rotavator were used by the farmers.

c) Reaper Binder1. All of the respondents reported that the height of stubbles left by the reaper binders

was in the range of 4 to 6".2. Majority of farmers (96.14 %) reported that the bundle made by reaper binder was

tight enough whereas only 7 farmers (3.86 %) told that the bundling was loose.3. The minimum custom hiring rate of reaper binder was Rs. 800 and the maximum rate

was Rs. 2000 per acre

d) Straw Reaper1. From the survey, it was observed that 84.54 % farmers had reported that 50 to 60 %

straw recovery was possible with straw reaper whereas 9.5 % farmers had reportedthat the straw recovery was in the range of 60 to 70 %.

WAPCOS LTD 4-56

2. It was observed that 63.3 % of farmers used their straw reapers for own use whereas36.7 % of farmers used their machine for custom hiring. Amongst the farmers whoused straw reapers for their own use, 41.2 % farmers used it for straw recovery upto10 acres, 28.2 % farmers used it from 10 to 20 acres and 30.6 % farmers used it inmore than 20 acres. But, the farmers who used straw reapers on custom hiring, 34 %farmers used it for straw recovery upto 50 acres, 32 % farmers used it from 50 to 100acres and 34 % farmers used it in more than 100 acre.

WAPCOS LTD 4-57

Impact of Implements and Farm Machinery on Crop Inputs and Productivity (Unit in percent)State Average Percentages Changes

Seed Rate Germination Fertilizerrequirement

Weed Problem DieselConsumption

LabourRequirement

Time of FarmOperation

Crop Yield

Andhra Pradesh -6.9 8.7 -12.7 -24.4 -26.6 -29.5 -36.2 16.5Arunachal -8.0 9.3 -14.7 -19.2 -15.6 -25.8 -32.3 17.2Assam -18.7 16.4 -18.1 -22.5 -28.7 -23.6 -22.6 15.7Bihar -17.5 17.5 -15.0 -25.4 -23.8 -29.4 -18.9 23.6Chhattisgarh -13.7 15.8 -13.9 -25.8 -17.0 -28.3 -31.0 19.0Gujarat -17.8 12.4 -11.6 -30.3 -27.2 -28.9 -34.1 19.4HP -5.0 7.7 -15.1 -28.3 -15.7 -28.4 -33.7 13.0J&K -1.8 8.1 -17.5 -26.3 -18.7 -27.4 -33.7 14.3Karnataka -15.9 13.4 -10.1 -25.9 -27.0 -36.3 -33.0 15.1Kerala -17.9 11.9 -14.2 -20.6 -26.5 -22.8 -32.4 21.3MP -9.8 15.0 -10.5 -26.6 -13.0 -30.9 -35.9 20.8Maharashtra -4.6 6.9 -16.1 -24.9 -28.5 -29.2 -31.8 15.8Manipur -17.8 17.2 -12.4 -24.3 -22.1 -30.2 -29.9 15.8Meghalaya -18.7 13.6 -16.6 -19.8 -25.8 -32.0 -28.2 19.1Mizoram -15.8 12.7 -10.2 -33.3 -27.4 -38.6 -36.8 20.9Nagaland -12.8 16.0 -19.9 -31.5 -21.1 -26.2 -29.4 17.8Orissa -7.2 10.4 -15.8 -25.0 -12.2 -28.2 -34.0 14.3Punjab -18.6 21.1 -19.3 -21.9 -27.6 -36.1 -33.4 14.6Rajasthan -19.8 18.6 -13.5 -22.3 -23.1 -27.2 -29.7 22.6Sikkim -10.9 16.4 -10.6 -28.8 -14.7 -29.1 -34.6 19.1Tamil Nadu -11.8 17.4 -16.9 -26.6 -16.8 -28.5 -29.9 19.6Telangana -15.8 12.4 -12.8 -31.7 -25.9 -33.2 -33.2 19.7Tripura -10.2 15.5 -17.3 -25.5 -17.7 -30.1 -36.7 20.4UP -15.0 22.6 -10.6 -25.9 -27.8 -31.2 -33.5 16.1Uttarakhand -15.0 28.8 -10.8 -41.4 -28.9 -32.1 -32.2 14.6West Bengal -12.3 18.8 -13.5 -29.6 -16.5 -29.0 -34.5 23.1All India -11.2 14.1 -12.7 -26.6 -22.4 -30.3 -33.7 17.9

Note- Minus Sign shows reduction in use of crop inputs

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4.5. Evaluation of Custom Hiring Centres (CHC) and Hi-Tech HubsWith the objectives of promoting mechanization in districts with low farm power availabilityand to provide hiring services of various agricultural machinery, Custom Hiring Centres(CHC) were established with the financial assistance of Rs. 4 lakh to Rs.24 lakhs under theSMAM programme. During 2014-17, a total of 1420 nos. of CHCs were established indifferent States and 202 CHCs (14.22 %) were evaluated for its performance and impact. TheStates like Tamil Nadu, Orissa and UP were the front runners in establishing the CHCs andhave established 409, 250 & 210 CHCs, respectively. On the other hand, mechanicallyadvanced state like Haryana remained reluctant in establishing CHCs. The details of theCHCs established during 2014-17 in different states and no. of CHCs evaluated is givenbelow.Table 33: Custom Hiring Centres Established during 2014-17 and no. of CentresEvaluated

State

Physical (nos.) No.of

centres

surveyed

Financial (in lakhs)

2014

-15

2015

-16

2016

-17

Tot

al

2014

-15

2015

-16

2016

-17

Tot

al

Tar

get

Ach

iev.

Tar

get

Ach

iev.

Tar

get

Ach

iev.

Tar

get

Ach

iev.

Andhra Pradesh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Arunachal Pr, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Assam 8 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bihar 126 19 0 0 40 0 166 19 5 153.12 0 0 153.12

Chhattisgarh 25 22 0 3 35 58 60 83 10 88.00 12.00 232.00 332.00

Gujarat 10 0 4 0 0 7 14 7 2 0 0 27.54 27.54

Goa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Haryana 14 0 0 2 0 5 14 7 2 0 14.00 80.00 94.00

HP 3 3 1 1 2 0 6 4 1 30.00 10.00 0 40.00

J&K 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Jharkhand 2 1 0 1 8 7 10 9 2 4.00 4.00 28.00 36.00

Karnataka 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 0 0 16 16

Kerala 15 0 5 17 3 5 23 22 2 0 90.60 42.60 133.20

MP 18 1 92 58 0 6 110 65 7 4.0 232.0 24 260..00Maharashtra 67 60 38 30 57 32 162 122 15 284.90 122.79 149.48 557.17

Manipur 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Meghalaya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mizoram 36 14 10 10 20 20 66 44 5 49.79 95.00 107.50 252.29

Nagaland 7 7 1 1 4 6 12 14 3 28.00 4 24.00 56.00

Orissa 31 0 0 0 250 250 281 250 50 0 0 1000.00 1000.00Punjab 33 0 0 34 63 23 96 57 5 0 275.75 190.00 465.75

Rajasthan 45 0 0 13 0 4 45 17 5 0 56.46 15.43 71.89

Sikkim 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Tamil Nadu 85 22 99 142 150 245 334 409 50 214.70 1418.87 2446.64 4080.21

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Telengana 9 0 0 0 10 2 19 2 2 0 0 7.69 7.69Tripura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0UP 135 9 50 129 75 72 260 210 25 74.17 515.60 288.00 877.77Uttarakhand 13 5 5 5 10 10 28 20 3 21.67 19.82 40.00 81.49West Bengal 10 0 60 57 0 0 70 57 7 0 407.28 0 407.28

Total 701 163 365 503 727 754 1786 1420 202 952.35 3278.17 4702.88 8949.40

To promote use of hi-tech, high value machines for higher productivity and provide hiringservices for various high value crop specific machines, Hi-Tech and high productiveequipment hub for custom hiring centres were established with the financial assistance of Rs.40 lakh to Rs.100 lakhs under the SMAM programme. During 2014-17, a total of 22 nos. ofHi-Tech hubs were established in different States. The details of the Hi-Tech hubsestablished during 2014-17 in different states is given in Table 34. The details of the FarmMachinery Banks established at Village level is given in Table 35.

Table 34: Details of the Hi-Tech Hubs Established During 2014-17 in Different States

State

Physical Centressurveye

d


2014

-15

2015

-16

2016

-17

Tot

al

2014

-15

2015

-16

2016

-17

Tot

al

Tar

get

Ach

iv.

Tar

get

Ach

iv.

Tar

get

Ach

iv.

Tar

get

Ach

iv.

Karnataka 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 6 2 0 0 240.0 240.0MP 0 0 25 11 30 1 55 12 3 0 938.20 85.30 1023.5

Rajasthan 10 0 0 1 0 0 10 1 1 0 40.0 0 40.0

WestBengal

0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 80.00 80.00

Punjab 1 0 0 1 2 0 3 1 1 0 100.0 0 100.0

Total 11 0 25 13 40 9 76 22 8 0 1078.20 405.30 1483.5

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Table 35: Details of the Farm Machinery Banks Established at Village Level During2014-17 in Different States

State Physical Centressurveyed


2014

-15

2015

-16

2016

-17

Total

2014

-15

2015

-16

2016

-17

Total

Tar

get

Ach

iv.

Tar

get

Ach

iv.

Tar

get

Ach

iv.

Tar

get

Ach

iv.

AndhraPradesh 0 0 20 10 100 37 120 47 10 0 65.94 356.54 422.48ArunachalPradesh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Assam 87 70 130 0 200 10 417 80 20 700.00 0 100.00 800.00

Bihar 0 0 0 0 229 0 229 0 0 0 0 0 0

Chhattisgarh 0 0 0 0 16 7 16 7 2 0 0 56.00 56.00

Gujarat 5 0 3 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

Goa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Haryana 15 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0

HP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

J&K 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Jharkhand 53 49 45 38 50 64 148 151 15 384.25 307.32 280.63 972.20

Karnataka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Kerala 14 0 18 19 4 4 36 23 2 0 182.34 32.00 214.34

MP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Maharashtra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Manipur 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Meghalaya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mizoram 4 4 10 0 10 0 24 4 2 38.00 0 0 38.00

Nagaland 6 4 3 6 5 2 14 12 1 16.00 30.00 20.00 66.00

Orissa 15 10 0 0 0 0 15 10 2 40.00 0 0 40.00

Punjab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rajasthan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sikkim 1 1 0 0 6 0 7 1 1 18.52 0 0 18.52Tamil Nadu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Telengana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tripura 4 4 4 4 0 0 8 8 1 38.00 38.00 0 76.00

UP 241 180 167 133 165 238 573 551 651439.2

01058.2

01904.0

0 4401.40

Uttarakhand 0 0 16 16 32 33 48 49 5 0 80.00 160.00 240.00

West Bengal 17 0 0 0 6 5 23 5 3 0 0 64.71 64.71

Total 464 322 416 226 823 400 1703 948 129 2673.97 1761.8 2973.88 7409.65

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4.5.1. Feedback analysis of Custom Hiring Centres

The key-persons of the Custom hiring centres were administered structured questionnaire tocapture their response and the findings based on 279 responses from Custom Hiring Centresand 164 responses from Farm Machinery Banks established at village level are discussedbelow.

Constitution of the Custom Hiring Centres

Analysis has revealed that 62.3 % of the Custom hiring centres were owned by ruralentrepreneurs, whereas 17.2 % were Self Help Groups (SHG), 4.1 % were Farm ProducersOrganization and remaining 16.4 % belonged to miscellaneous category (NGO, CooperativeSociety, KVK, Corporate sector etc.

Fig. 33: Profile of constitution of the Custom Hiring Centres

Category-wise distributionTo assess the category-wise distribution of beneficiaries, the questionnaire included questionrelated to the category to which they belong. Majority of beneficiaries were from OBCcategory (51.0 %) followed by General category (34.7 %). SC and ST beneficiaries occupied9.2 % and 5.1 %, respectively, as illustrated in the Fig. 34.

Fig. 34: Category-wise distribution of key-person of Custom Hiring Centres

RuralEntrepreneurs

62.3%

FarmProducers

Organization4.1%

Self Help Group17.2%

Miscellaneous16.4%

General35%

SC9%ST

5%

OBC51%

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Literacy profile of beneficiariesMajority of beneficiaries (39.8 %) who established CHCs were ‘Graduates’ as depicted inFig. 35. The percent share of Illiterate, Under Matric, Secondary, Higher secondary,Graduate, Postgraduate were found to be 4.1, 21.4, 14.3, 14.3 and 6.1 %, respectively. Forsuccessful operation of CHCs, it has been observed that literacy level of key-persons has animportant role.

Fig. 35: Literacy profile of key-person of Custom Hiring Centres

Experience profile of beneficiaries

Majority of the beneficiaries (35.7 %) had more than 5 years of experience related toactivities of custom hiring of agricultural implements, whereas 35.2 % had experiencebetween one to three years, 17.3 % had experience from one to three years and 11.8 % hadless than one year experience Fig. 36. It was also observed that the centres who haveexperienced key-person were performing better as compared to the non-experienced one.

Fig. 36: Experience profile of key-person of Custom Hiring Centres

Illiterate4.1%

Under Matric21.4%

Secondary14.3%

HigherSecondary

14.3%

Graduate39.8%

Post Graduate6.1%

Less than oneyear

11.8%

One to threeyears35.2%

Three to fiveyears17.3%

More than 5years35.7%

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Backstopping facility

Backstopping facility refers to the support the CHC enjoys for its establishment, technicalguidance and proper training. Majority of the CHCs (65.7 %) are being supported by StateGovt. Departments, whereas 18.2 % CHCs are backed by KVKs, 12.7 % by StateAgricultural Universities (SAUs) and only 3.4 % CHCs are backstopped by ICAR centres.Fig. 37.

Fig. 37: Backstopping facility available to the Custom Hiring Centres

Area covered by Custom hiring centres

To know the status of area covered by an individual CHCs, they were asked to reveal the datapertaining to the area covered by each centre. Majority of the respondents (67.2 %) informedthat the hiring services are provided within 10 km radius, whereas 17.2 % told that they offertheir services within the village where the CHC is established. However, 7.1 % CHCs areproviding services upto 20 km radius and 8.5 % are providing services even upto 50 kmradius Fig. 38.

38: Distribution of area coverage of Custom Hiring Centres

KVK18.2%

ICAR centres3.4%

State Deptt.65.7%

SAU12.7%

Within village17.2%

Within 10 kmradius67.2%

within 20 kmradius7.1%

Within 50 kmradius8.5%

WAPCOS LTD 4-64

Adopted for offering hiring services

Most of the hiring services (50.2 %) are provided by word of mouth through the friends andrelatives, whereas 18.3 % farmers approach through advertisements, 24.8 % farmers haveapproached through Agricultural Development Officers (ADOs)/Govt. Deptt. Only 6.7 %farmers avail the hiring services through the membership of Custom Hiring Centre Fig. 39.

Fig. 39: Methodology adopted for offering hiring services

Payment for hiring services

Majority of the farmers (57.5 %) prefer to pay the charges for hiring services in ‘Cash’,whereas 28.8 % paid their dues through ‘Credit’ and 13.7 % paid their bill after the end of thecrop season by selling their agricultural produce Fig. 40. Amongst the farmers who opted topay their dues by credit, it was found that 40.2, 35.0, 18.2 and 6.6 % farmers settled their billswithin one month, within 3 months, within 6 months, within one year Fig. 41. Theinteresting fact about the payment is the farmers preferring to go for cash payment.

Fig. 40: Payment profile of farmers after availing custom hiring services

Throughfriends/relatives

50.2 %

Throughadvertisement

18.3 %

ThroughADOs/Govt.

Deptt.24.8 %

Membership ofCHC

6.7 %

Cash57.5%

On credit28.8%

On sale ofagricultural

produce13.7%

WAPCOS LTD 4-65

Fig. 41: Credit repayment profile of farmers after availing custom hiring services

Availability of Technical persons in the centre

Most of Custom hiring centres (38.7 %) have two technical persons to look after the customhiring work, whereas 31.8, 14.2, 6.1, 6.1 & 3.1 % centres have 1, 3, 4, 5 & 10 persons,respectively (Fig. 42).

Fig. 42: Availability of technical persons in the custom hiring centre

Repair and maintenance facilities for the machinery

The success of any custom hiring centre depends upon the skilled man power and thefacilities for the repair and maintenance available so that the down time is minimum. About58.1 % centres have informed that sufficient facilities were available in the nearbytowns/cities, while 34.5 % centres reported that it was easily manageable. However, 7.4 %complained that it took longer down time to put back the machinery in working condition.The in-depth analysis of those 7.4 % complainant revealed that they lacked experience andtechnical man-power (Fig. 43).

Within onemonth40.2%

Within 3months35.0%

Within 6months18.2%

Within oneyear6.6%

One person31.8%

Two persons38.7%

Three persons14.2%

Four persons6.1%

5 persons6.1%

10 persons3.1%

WAPCOS LTD 4-66

Fig. 43: Profile of repair and maintenance facilities for the machinery

4.5.2. Establishment, Functioning and Services Provided by Custom HiringCenters and Farm Machinery Banks

The field survey data indicates that the maximum CHCs have been established by RuralEntrepreneurs who belongs to different social categories. The qualification of entrepreneursare under matric to graduate and backstopping facility has been mainly extended to them byrespective State Farm Machinery Training and Testing Stations or in some cases KVKs.These centers are providing the hiring services within a radius of 10 to 20 km from thevillage where they are established.

The source of publicity or advertisement regarding availability of equipments is throughagriculture department but major source of publicity is meeting during religious functions orthrough friends and relatives. In general, the CHC or FMBs have employed 2 to 3 personincluding one driver, one helper and one center in-charge.

The CHCs and FMBs are mainly carrying-out the field operations like land leveling,ploughing, seeding, harvesting and threshing. The equipments available includes tractor,laser land leveler, rotavator, cultivator, paddy transplanter, seed drill, and thresher. Sincetractor trolley is not included in the list of approved implements, the entrepreneurs purchasethe same at their own. The supplied farm implements and equipments are as per the choice ofentrepreneurs, which are compatible with the power tillers or tractors. The region specificfarm equipments include paddy transplanter, maize Sheller, multi-crop planter, groundnutdecorticator, potato digger, sugarcane crusher etc. As the survey data reveals, themanufacturers arrange demonstration of machines in the field and provide on-the-siteservicing facility for tractor and power tillers during the guarantee period. The average ratesprevailing for hiring equipments are given in Table 36.

Sufficientfacilities are

availabe58.1%

Easilymanageable

34.5%

Took longerduration for

repairing7.4%

WAPCOS LTD 4-67

Table 36: Prevailing Custom Hiring Rates for different implements

Name of Equipment Prevailing Custom HiringCharges in local Market

(Rs./hour)

Rate Charged by CHCs andFMBs

(Rs./hour)Tractor with Rotavators Rs 1200 Rs 950Tractor with Cultivators Rs 800 Rs 650Tractor with seed drill Rs 800 Rs 700Power Tiller Rs 600 Rs 500Brush Cutter without fuel Rs 350/- per day Rs 300/- per dayThresher Rs 1000 Rs 850Paddy Combine Rs 1400 Rs 1200

It has been revealed by the farmers who are hiring the equipments that the charges levied bythe CHCs established under SMAM is Rs 100/- to Rs 200/- per hr less than the prevailinghiring charges levied by other private players.

The payment by the farmers is done normally in cash for land preparation and seeding but incase of threshing the charges are paid by farmers in kind. If the hiring is done on credit basis,the payment is settled at the time of harvesting and sale of crops. But during survey, no majorproblem was expressed by entrepreneurs about recovery of hiring charges from the farmers.

In general farmers expressed satisfaction over the quality of services provided by the CHCs,as their equipments are new, better quality and operators are well experienced. It is alsorevealed that entrepreneurs of CHCs and FMBs are having their own farm lands, many ofthem give first priority for their own work . But overall the centers have extended theirservices to solve the problem of Farm power availability in remote and untouched areas.

The private banks are front runner in approval of bank loan for establishing CHCs and FMBsas their field staff provide efficient on site services. The entrepreneurs from many states haveexpressed concern about the high rate of interest i.e. 14% per annum being charged by thebanks. Some of the banks also mortgage land of the entrepreneurs as a security. Thefinancing institutions need to make bank financing more borrowers friendly as agriculture isa priority sector.

4.5.3. Cost Economics of CHC, Hi-Tech CHC and FMB

Most of the service centres have been established during the end of Financial year 2015-16and 2016-17. The entrepreneurs started operations of CHCs/FMBs from January 2016onwards only. The field teams collected the data on number of farm machinery procured andsource of power, area covered for different farm operations, field capacities of machinery,total hours of farm operations during the year 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 and incomegenerated.

WAPCOS LTD 4-68

From the analysis of field data, it has been revealed that the centers have initiated farmoperations and service have been provided for own land as well as for neighboring farmers.It is reported by the entrepreneurs that they are getting regular orders for field operationsduring crop season. Since the custom hiring charges are nominal and less than market rates,they have sufficient work load on continuous basis. The gross income from operations peryear is ranging from Rs. 1.30 lakh per annum to Rs. 2.85 lakh per annum. After accountingthe expenditure on drivers, helper, periodic maintenance and fuel cost, the net income workedout in the range of Rs.0.59 lakh to Rs.1.19 lakh. Since the centers received a minimumsubsidy of 40 % from SMAM, the enterprise is financially viable. They are paying EMI ofbank loan on timely basis. There was no loan defaulter as reported by state nodal agenciesand banks. Since most of the centres have been established very recently, their sustainabilityand profitabilities need to be observed over a period of time.

4.6. Evaluation of Demonstration, Training and Distribution of Post -HarvestTechnology and Management

With the objectives of popularizing postharvest technology and management, the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization had a separate component for its demonstration,training and distribution of machinery related to post harvest technology and management.However, no appreciable work was done in this component throughout the country.

WAPCOS LTD 5-1

CHAPTER – 5

ANALYSIS OF FARM POWER AVIALABILITY, MECHANIZATIONGAPS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS

5.1. Analysis of Farm Power Availability

The different sources of power available on the Indian farm for doing various mobile andstationary operations are mobile power viz. human (men, women, children), Draughtanimals (bullocks, buffaloes, camels, horses and ponies, mules and donkeys), tractors, powertillers and self-propelled machines (combines, dozers, reapers, sprayers etc.); and stationarypower i.e. diesel/oil engines (for pump sets, threshers, sprayers and other stationaryoperations) and electric motors (for pump sets, threshers, sprayers and other stationaryoperations). The share of different power sources in total power availability during differentperiod is given in Fig. 44.

Fig. 44: Share of different power sources in total power availability(Singh Surendra, 2014)

From the Fig. 44, it is evident that the percent share of tractor and power tiller isapproximately 50 %. In order to estimate the present status of farm power availability acrossthe states at District level after the implementation of Sub-Mission on AgriculturalMechanization, data from primary and secondary sources were analysed and the farm poweravailability at district level of each state has been calculated.

The percent change in farm power availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17, Expenditure(Rs./ha) made under the SMAM during 2014-17 is given in Table 37. The Percent changein farm power availability (kW/ha) versus Expenditure incurred for mechanization (Rs./ha)

WAPCOS LTD 5-2

during 2014-17 is graphically depicted at Fig. 45. Farm power availability (kW/ha) versusFood grains productivity (kg/ha) during 2015-16 is graphically represented at Fig. 46. Theproductivity of Foodgrain crops in Maharashtra observed to be low as compare to other Statedue to scanty and deficient rainfall in 278 talukas out of 355 during the year 2015-16.(Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2016-17, Page 87). Farm power availability (kW/ha)versus Food grains productivity (kg/ha) in North Eastern States during 2015-16 is graphicallyrepresented at Fig. 47. The farm power availability at the District level of every Indian stateis given at Appendix D-1 to D-28.

The farm power availability (FPA) of different states which has been evaluated at the end of2016-17, has been categorized into four groups as given below:

Category- IThe states which have farm power availability more than national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha(FPA at the end of 2016-17)

Category- IIThe states which have farm power availability in between 2.025 and 1.726 kW/ha (FPA at theend of 2013-14)

Category- IIIThe states which have farm power availability in between 1.726 and 1.000 kW/haCategory-IV

The states which have farm power availability less than 1.000 kW/ha.

On the basis above-said criteria, the states are classified as given below:

Farm Power Availability (kW/ha)More than 2.025

(Category I states)

Between2.025 to 1.726

(Category II states)

Between1.726 to 1.000

(Category III states)

Less than 1.000

(Category IV states)Andhra Pradesh West Bengal Jharkhand AssamBihar Himachal Pradesh Arunachal PradeshGujrat Jammu & Kashmir ManipurHaryana Kerala MeghalayaKarnatka Maharashtra MizoramPunjab Madhya Pradesh NagalandTamil Nadu Chhattisgarh SikkimTelangana OdishaUttar Pradesh RajasthanUtrakhand Tripura

The calculation of district-wise farm power availability (FPA) of different States is givenin Annexure-D.

WAPCOS LTD 5-3

Table 37: Percent change in farm power availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17, Expenditure (Rs./ha) made during 2014-17

States Net area sown(ha)

kW/ha kW/ha

Percent changeExpenditure

(Rs./ha)Productivity (kg/ha)

Total food grains2013-14 16-17

Andhra Pradesh 6861158 1.880 2.135 13.6 138.3 3523

Assam 2744888 0.869 0.993 14.3 29.1 2067

Bihar 4528965 2.470 2.797 13.2 3.4 2320

Jharkhand 1533200 0.998 1.205 20.7 9.8 1738

Gujarat 9362000 2.252 2.565 13.9 29.2 2249

Haryana 3522775 3.868 4.315 11.6 19.9 3713

Himachal Pradesh 563365 0.962 1.135 18.0 119.2 2144

Jammu and Kashmir 858097 0.900 1.115 23.9 16.7 1919

Karnataka 8751764 1.800 2.138 18.8 88.7 2084

Kerala 2040000 0.941 1.095 16.4 23.2 2787

Maharashtra 17385600 0.944 1.185 25.5 42.9 940

Madhya Pradesh 14627100 1.293 1.495 15.6 45.8 2564

Chhattisgarh 4680436 1.020 1.245 22.1 50.8 1481

Odisha 5257533 1.442 1.647 14.2 43.8 1480

Punjab 3834000 3.580 4.398 22.8 12.1 4292

Rajasthan 18034407 1.172 1.373 17.2 14.2 1762

Tamil Nadu 5162839 2.361 2.907 23.1 148.6 3810

Telangana 4961000 2.485 2.886 16.2 5.5 2863

Uttar Pradesh 15724925 2.416 2.836 17.4 51.4 2369

Uttarakhand 741099 2.211 2.640 19.4 71.4 2079

West Bengal 5463660 1.620 1.869 15.4 32.2 2925

Arunachal Pradesh 164000 0.322 0.460 42.9 0 1505

Manipur 136280 0.340 0.500 47.1 87.0 1526

Meghalaya 285659 0.188 0.287 52.7 90.6 2624

Mizoram 94000 0.305 0.477 56.4 529.2 1615

Nagaland 176944 0.415 0.504 21.4 490.9 1666

Sikkim 18122 0.360 0.530 47.2 1257.6 1562

Tripura 255242 1.040 1.320 26.9 213.8 2898

All India 137769058 1.726 2.025 17.3 47.7 2393The statistical parameters related to farm power availability (kW/ha) as on 31.3.2017 in different States are given below:

Sample Variance: 1.01 Range: 3.41 Standard Error: 0.21 Kurtosis: 0.46 Skewness: 1.04

WAPCOS LTD 5-4

Fig. 45: Percent change in farm power availability (kW/ha) versus Expenditure done for mechanization (Rs./ha) during 2014-17

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WAPCOS LTD 5-5

Fig. 46: Farm power availability (kW/ha) versus Food grains productivity (kg/ha) during 2015-16

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WAPCOS LTD 5-6

Fig. 47: Farm power availability (kW/ha) versus Productivity in North-Eastern States

2067

1505 1526

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1615 16661562

2898

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Productivity food grains (kg/ha)Farm Power Availability (kW/ha)

WAPCOS LTD 5-7

Explanation of colour codes used for farm power availability (FPA) in different districts

FPA of that particular district is more than the National Average (2.03 kW/ha)

FPA of that particular district is in between 1.00 and 2.03 kW/ha

FPA less than 1.00 kW/ha

Analysis of farm power availability (FPA) in different states

Category- I States ( FPA > 2.025 kW/ha)

Andhra Pradesh

The average farm power availability in the State of Andhra Pradesh before the implementation ofSMAM was 1.880 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 2.135 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 13.6 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Andhra Pradesh is 5.4% morethan the national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Andhra Pradesh is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Andhra Pradesh is given in Appendix D-1.

Name of theDistrict

Farm Power Availability(kW/ha)

Legend

Anantapur 1.422

FPA more than 2.03 kW/haFPA between 1.00 to 2.03 kW/haFPA less than 1.00 kW/ha

Chittoor 5.872East Godavari 2.067Guntur 1.667Krishna 2.206Kurnool 0.952Prakasam 1.775SPS Nellore 3.545Srikakulam 1.219Visakhapatnam 1.066Vizianagaram 0.984Warangal 4.124West Godavari 2.343Y.S.R. Kadapa 2.677Average 2.135

Efforts required:

The districts whose FPA is less than 1.880 kW/ha need special attention by the State NodalOfficer in respect of organizing demonstrations, training programmes for popularisation of farmmachines and priority in providing financial assistance to the individual users and establishingFarm Machinery Banks.

WAPCOS LTD 5-8

Bihar

The average farm power availability in the State of Bihar before the implementation of SMAMwas 2.470 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 2.797 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a13.2 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Bihar is 38 % more than the national averagei.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) inthe State of Bihar is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm power availability inthe State of Bihar is given in Appendix D-2.

Name of the District Farm Power Availability (kW/ha) Legend

Araria 1.508


Arwal 1.201Aurangabad 1.790Banka 1.286Begusarai 4.171Bhagalpur 4.038Bhojpur 3.150Buxur 1.922Darbhanga 2.011Gaya 4.617Gopalganj 1.795Jamui 4.218Jehanabad 5.728Katihar 2.158Khagaria 2.439Kishanganj 1.171Lakhisarai 1.183Madhubani 1.126Medhepura 1.590Munger 5.418Muzaffarpur 3.548Nalanda 4.885Nawada 3.480Patna 6.339Purnea 3.890Rohtas 4.336Saharsa 2.556Samastipur 2.440Shekhpura 2.424Sheohar 1.412Sitamarhi 1.253Siwan 2.635Supaul 1.032Vaishali 2.545

Average 2.797

WAPCOS LTD 5-9

Gujarat

The average farm power availability in the State of Gujarat before the implementation of SMAMwas 2.252 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 2.565 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a13.9 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Gujarat is 27 % more than the national averagei.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) inthe State of Gujarat is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm power availabilityin the State of Gujarat is given in Appendix D-3.

Name of the District Farm PowerAvailability (kW/ha)

Legend

Ahmadabad 3.230


Amreli 1.530Anand 0.727Banas Kantha 2.950Bharuch 1.668Bhavnagar 2.608Dohad 2.016Gandhinagar 1.646Jamnagar 2.005Junagadh 3.252Kachchh 1.518Kheda 7.405Mahesana 5.423Navsari 1.478Patan 0.552Porbandar 1.448Rajkot 2.304Sabar Kantha 4.599Surat 2.487Surendranagar 1.736Vadodara 2.188Valsad 3.597Average 2.565

Efforts required:


WAPCOS LTD 5-10

Haryana

The average farm power availability in the State of Haryana before the implementation of SMAMwas 3.868 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 4.315 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a11.6 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Haryana is 113 % more than the nationalaverage i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) in the State of Haryana is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm poweravailability in the State of Haryana is given in Appendix D-4

Name of theDistrict

Farm PowerAvailability (kW/ha)

Legend

Ambala 3.594


Bhiwani 1.885Faridabad 5.510Fatehabd 4.069Gurgaon 6.134Hisar 4.121Jhajjar 4.697Jind 3.599Kaithal 4.870Karnal 7.748Kurukshetra 6.978Mahendragarh 2.302Panchkula 4.710Panipat 8.098Rewari 3.174Rohtak 6.547Sirsa 3.302Sonipat 4.955Yamunanagar 3.607Average 4.315

Efforts required:

There is urgent need of popularisation of operation specific machines like cotton picker,sugarcane harvesters, straw management system machines, paddy transplanters, vegetable gradersby establishing Custom Hiring Centres and post harvest centres as these machines are very costlyand individual farmer cannot afford to buy .

WAPCOS LTD 5-11

Karnataka

The average farm power availability in the State of Karnataka before the implementation ofSMAM was 1.800 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 2.138 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 18.8 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Karnataka is 5.6 % more than thenational average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Karnataka is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Karnataka is given in Appendix D-5.

Name of theDistrict

Farm PowerAvailability

(kW/ha)

Legend

Bagalkote 1.772


Bellary 1.718

Belagavi 2.624

Bengaluru 8.147

Bengaluru (R) 5.323

Bidar 1.044

Chamarajnagar 1.770

Chikkaballapura 1.848

Chikkamagaluru 2.017

Chitradurga 1.940

D. Kannada 6.325

Davanagere 2.012

Dharwad 1.714

Gadag 0.897

Hassan 2.432

Haveri 1.442

Kalaburagi 0.460

Kodagu 1.129

Kolar 5.438

Koppal 1.119

Mandya 2.474

Mysuru 1.631

Raichur 1.408

Ramanagara 2.637

Shivamogga 2.886

Tumakuru 2.943

Udupi 6.978

Uttara Kannada 4.068

Yadgiri 1.586

Average 2.138

WAPCOS LTD 5-12

Punjab

The average farm power availability in the State of Punjab before the implementation of SMAMwas 3.580 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 4.398 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a22.8 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Punjab is 117 % more than the nationalaverage i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) in the State of Punjab is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm poweravailability in the State of Punjab is given in Appendix D-6.

Name of the DistrictFarm PowerAvailability

(kW/ha)

Legend

Amritsar 6.740


Barnala 1.346Bathinda 4.832Faridkot 8.522Fatehgarh Sahib 3.617Firozpur 7.189Gurdaspur 3.987Hoshiarpur 4.289Jalandhar 4.712Kapurthala 4.239Ludhiana 5.759Mansa 3.231Moga 1.716Muktsar 1.692Patiala 5.450Rupnagar 6.386Sahibzada Ajit SinghNagar 2.434Sangrur 6.153Shahid Bhagat SinghNagar 1.687Tarn Taran 0.394Average 4.398

Efforts required: There is a need of popularisation of operation specific machines like cottonpicker, sugarcane harvesters, straw management system machines, paddy transplanters, PotatoPlanters, Potato Digger, vegetable graders by establishing Custom Hiring Centres and post harvestcentres as these machines are very costly and individual farmer cannot afford to buy .

WAPCOS LTD 5-13

Tamil Nadu

The average farm power availability in the State of Tamil Nadu before the implementation ofSMAM was 2.361 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 2.907 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 23.1 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Tamil Nadu is 44 % more thanthe national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Tamil Nadu is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Tamil Nadu is given in Appendix D-7.

Name of the DistrictFarm Power

Availability (kW/ha)Legend

Coimbatore 2.340


Cuddalore 2.059Dharmapuri 5.690Dindigul 2.703Erode 3.425Kancheepuram 4.052Kanniyakumari 0.724Karur 2.639Krishnagiri 3.265Madurai 2.226Nagapattinam 2.376Namakkal 3.587Perambalur 1.882Pudukkottai 2.288Ramanathapuram 0.607Salem 5.378Sivagangai 1.511Thanjavur 2.329Theni 1.694Thiruvallur 3.217Thiruvarur 6.011Thoothukkudi 1.104Tiruchirappalli 1.924Tirunelveli 3.283Tiruvannamalai 3.530Vellore 2.147Villupuram 4.780Virudhunagar 1.394Average 2.907

WAPCOS LTD 5-14

Telangana

The average farm power availability in the State of Telangana before the implementation ofSMAM was 2.485 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 2.886 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 16.2 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Telangana is 42.5 % more thanthe national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Telangana is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Telangana is given in Appendix D-8.

Name of theDistrict


Legend

Adilabad 1.042


Karimnagar 5.275Khammam 3.202Mahbubnagar 1.459Medak 2.980Nalgonda 2.970Nizamabad 2.473Rangareddy 3.993Warangal 4.140Average 2.886

Efforts needed: The districts whose FPA is less than 2.485 kW/ha needs special attention of theState Nodal Officer in respect of organising demonstrations, training programmes forpopularization of farm machines and priority in providing financial assistance to the individualusers and establishing Farm Machinery Banks.

WAPCOS LTD 5-15

Uttar Pradesh

The average farm power availability in the State of Uttar Pradesh before the implementation ofSMAM was 2.416 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 2.836 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 17.4 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Uttar Pradesh is 40 % more thanthe national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Uttar Pradesh is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Uttar Pradesh is given in Appendix D-9.

Name of theDistrict


Legend

Agra 2.896


Aligarh 1.775Allahabad 2.620Ambedkar Nagar 1.673Auraiya 1.920Azamgarh 3.171Baghpat 4.123Bahraich 2.107Ballia 1.636Balrampur 2.457Banda 0.941Bara banki 4.144Bareilly 3.338Basti 3.751Bijnor 3.946Budaun 3.456Bulandshahr 2.568Chandauli 2.192Chitrakoot 1.063Deoria 3.024Etah 4.253Etawah 1.510Faizabad 3.057Farrukhabad 2.991Fatehpur 1.684Firozabad 2.546Gautam BuddhaNagar 5.359Ghaziabad 8.447Ghazipur 2.353Gonda 2.352Gorakhpur 3.096Hamirpur 1.651Hardoi 1.647Jalaun 1.608Jaunpur 3.113

WAPCOS LTD 5-16

Jhansi 2.112


Kannauj 3.213Kanpur Dehat 1.649Kanpur Nagar 1.343Kaushambi 1.513Kheri 2.464Kushinagar 2.966Lalitpur 2.169Lucknow 2.767Mahamaya Nagar 2.527Mahoba 2.081Mahrajganj 3.558Mainpuri 1.756Mathura 3.452Mau 2.629Meerut 4.523Mirzapur 2.317Moradabad 7.718Muzaffarnagar 4.536Pilibhit District 3.619Pratapgarh 2.183Rae Bareli 4.230Rampur 7.142Saharanpur 7.217Sant Kabir Nagar 2.510Sant Ravidas Nagar,Bhadohi 3.213Shahjahanpur 2.277Shrawasti 2.094Siddharthnagar 2.890Sitapur 2.670Sonbhadra 2.536Sultanpur 4.351Unnao 2.193Varanasi 2.661Average 2.836

Efforts required:


WAPCOS LTD 5-17

Uttarakhand

The average farm power availability in the State of Uttarakhand before the implementation ofSMAM was 2.211 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 2.640 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 19.4 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Uttarakhand is 30.4 % more thanthe national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Uttarakhand is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Uttarakhand is given in Appendix D-10.


(kW/ha)

Legend

Almora 0.396


Bageshwar 0.716Chamoli 0.731Champawat 0.789Dehradun 2.690Garhwal 0.598Haridwar 5.979Nainital 3.972Pithoragarh 1.210Rudraprayag 0.704Tehri Garhwal 0.377Udham Singh Nagar 4.849Uttarkashi 0.593Average 2.640

Efforts required:


WAPCOS LTD 5-18

Category II States (FPA between 1.726 and 2.025 kW/ha))

West Bengal

The average farm power availability in the State of West Bengal before the implementation ofSMAM was 1.620 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.869 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 15.4 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in West Bengal is 7.7 % less than thenational average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of West Bengal is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of West Bengal is given in Appendix D-11.

Name of theDistrict


Legend

Bankura 1.680


Bardhaman 2.502Birbhum 2.571Dakshin Dinajpur 1.504Darjiling 0.639Hawrah 2.498Hugli 2.897Jalpaiguri 1.493Cooch Behar 0.818Maldah 1.935Murshidabad 2.348Nadia 3.060North Twenty FourParganas 4.054Paschim Medinipur 1.392Purba Medinipur 2.066Puruliya 0.326South Twenty FourParganas 0.918Uttar Dinajpur 1.413Average 1.869

WAPCOS LTD 5-19

Category III States ( FPA between 1.000 to 1.726 kW/ha)

Jharkhand

The average farm power availability in the State of Jharkhand before the implementation ofSMAM was 0.998 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.205 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 20.7 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Jharkhand is 40 % less than thenational average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Jharkhand is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Jharkhand is given in Appendix D-12.


(kW/ha)

Legend

Bokaro 5.524


Chatra 1.951Deoghar 1.508Dhanbad 1.977Dumka 0.825Garhwa 1.698Giridih 2.361Godda 0.785Gumla 0.545Hazaribagh 1.592Jamtara 1.805Koderma 3.259Latehar 0.923Lohardaga 1.184Pakur 0.773Palamau 1.636Ranchi 0.705Sahebganj 0.971Saraikela 0.832Simdega 0.810Average 1.205

WAPCOS LTD 5-20

Himachal Pradesh

The average farm power availability in the State of Himachal Pradesh before the implementationof SMAM was 0.962 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.135 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 18 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Himachal Pradesh is 44 % less thanthe national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Himachal Pradesh is graded as given below and thecomplete analysis of farm power availability in the State of Himachal Pradesh is given inAppendix D-13.

Name of theDistrict


(kW/ha)

Legend

Bilaspur 2.079


Chamba 0.826Hamirpur 1.279Kangra 1.053Kinnaur 0.348Kullu 0.609Lahaul & Spiti 1.202Mandi 0.713Shimla 0.194Sirmaur 1.471Solan 1.798Una 3.625Average 1.135

Efforts needed: The districts whose FPA is less than 0.962 kW/ha needs special attention of theState Nodal Officer in respect of organizing demonstrations, training programmes forpopularization of farm machines and priority in providing financial assistance to the individualusers and establishing Farm Machinery Banks.

WAPCOS LTD 5-21

Jammu and Kashmir

The average farm power availability in the State of Jammu and Kashmir before theimplementation of SMAM was 0.900 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.115 kW/ha by the end of2016-17, thus registering a 23.9 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Jammu andKashmir is 45 % less than the national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. Thedistrict-wise farm power availability (2016-17) in the State of Jammu and Kashmir is graded asgiven below and the complete analysis of farm power availability in the State of Jammu andKashmir is given in Appendix D-14

Name of theDistrict


(kW/ha)

Legend

Anantnag 1.560


Baramula 1.842Budgam 0.285Doda 0.040Jammu 4.206Kargil 2.983Kathua 2.563Kupwara 0.495Leh 1.176Poonch 0.455Pulwama 1.472Rajouri 0.470Srinagar 2.469Udhampur 0.759Average 1.115

Efforts needed: The districts whose FPA is less than 0.900 kW/ha needs special attention of theState Nodal Officer in respect of organizing demonstrations, training programmes forpopularization of farm machines and priority in providing financial assistance to the individualusers and establishing Farm Machinery Banks

WAPCOS LTD 5-22

Kerala

The average farm power availability in the State of Kerala before the implementation of SMAMwas 0.941 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.095 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a16.4 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Kerala is 46 % less than the national averagei.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) inthe State of Kerala is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm power availabilityin the State of Kerala is given in Appendix D-15.

Name of theDistrict


(kW/ha)

Legend

Alappuzha 2.489


Ernakulam 1.474Idukki 0.477Kannur 0.930Kasaragod 2.222Kollam 0.546Kottayam 0.285Kozhikode 0.432Malappuram 1.265Palakkad 1.072Pathanamthitta 0.305Thiruvananthapuram 1.352Thrissur 2.893Wayanad 0.467Average 1.095


WAPCOS LTD 5-23

Maharashtra

The average farm power availability in the State of Maharashtra before the implementation ofSMAM was 0.944 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.185 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 25.5 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Maharashtra is 41.5% less thanthe national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Maharashtra is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Maharashtra is given in Appendix D-16.

Name of theDistrict


Legend

Ahmadnagar 1.896


Akola 0.634Amravati 0.773Aurangabad 1.337Bhandara 0.957Bid 0.969Buldana 1.156Chandrapur 0.731Dhule 1.102Gadchiroli 1.141Gondiya 1.074Hingoli 1.273Jalgaon 1.083Jalna 1.204Kolhapur 1.671Latur 0.944Nagpur 0.936Nanded 0.625Nandurbar 1.204Nashik 2.607Osmanabad 1.954Parbhani 0.139Pune 1.785Raigarh 1.093Ratnagiri 0.368Sangli 0.991Satara 1.557Sindhudurg 0.616Solapur 1.367Thane 1.008Wardha 0.312Washim 0.810Yavatmal 0.610Total 1.185

WAPCOS LTD 5-24

Madhya Pradesh

The average farm power availability in the State of Madhya Pradesh before the implementation ofSMAM was 1.293 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.495 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 15.6 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Madhya Pradesh is 26.2 % lessthan the national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Madhya Pradesh is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Madhya Pradesh is given in Appendix D-17.

Name of theDistrict


Legend

Anuppur 0.907


Ashoknagar 0.160Balaghat 0.714Barwani 1.264Betul 1.358Bhind 1.076Bhopal 1.799Burhanpur 1.170Chhatarpur 1.749Chhindwara 0.941Damoh 0.483Datia 1.490Dewas 2.284Dhar 1.830Dindori 0.353Guna 2.833Gwalior 3.314Harda 1.522Hoshangabad 1.119Indore 3.773Jabalpur 0.929Jhabua 0.794Katni 0.882Mandla 0.721Mandsaur 2.727Morena 3.055Narsimhapur 1.225Neemuch 3.248Panna 1.297Raisen 1.291Rajgarh 1.471Ratlam 1.866Rewa 0.951Sagar 1.252Satna 0.735Sehore 1.680

WAPCOS LTD 5-25

Seoni 0.883


Shahdol 1.368Shajapur 1.857Sheopur 2.661Shivpuri 1.926Sidhi 1.257Tikamgarh 2.894Ujjain 2.212Umaria 0.769Vidisha 0.257Total 1.495


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Chhatisgarh

The average farm power availability in the State of Chhatisgarh before the implementation ofSMAM was 1.020 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.245 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 22.1 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Chhatisgarh is 38.5 % less thanthe national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Chhatisgarh is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Chhatisgarh is given in Appendix D-18.

Name of theDistrict


LegendRaipur 2.28


Gariyaband 1.15Balodabazaar 1.125Mahasamund 1.692Dhamtari 2.847Durg 1.499Balodabazaar 1.446Bametara 1.778Rajnandgaon 1.287Kabirdham 1.295Jagdalpur 0.870Kondagaon 0.947Kaker 1.160Dantewada 0.492Sukma 0.415Narayanpur 0.448Bijapur 0.604Bilaspur 1.008Mungeli 0.702Korba 0.873Janjgir 1.511Raigarh 1.187Surguja 1.177Sarajpur 1.146Balrampur 0.939Koriya 1.035Jashpur 0.703Total 1.245

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Odisha

The average farm power availability in the State of Odisha before the implementation of SMAMwas 1.442 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.647 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a14.2 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Odisha is 18.7 % less than the national averagei.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) inthe State of Odisha is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm power availabilityin the State of Odisha is given in Appendix D-19.

Name of theDistrict


Legend

Anugul 1.414


Balasore 2.645Bargarh 1.920Bhadrak 1.339Balangir 1.245Boudh 1.153Cuttack 5.812Deogarh 1.126Dhenkanal 1.267Gajapati 1.267Ganjam 1.614Jagatsinghpur 3.162Jajpur 1.721Jharsuguda 1.980Kalahandi 1.151Kendrapara 1.680Keonjhar 1.360Khordha 3.618Koraput 1.129Malkangiri 0.792Mayurbhanj 1.473Nabarangpur 1.318Nayagarh 1.637Nuapada 0.802Phulbani 1.853Puri 2.741Rayagada 1.358Sambalpur 1.738Sonepur 1.087Sundargarh 1.404Total 1.647

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Rajasthan

The average farm power availability in the State of Rajasthan before the implementation ofSMAM was 1.172 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.373 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 17.2 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Rajasthan is 32.2 % less than thenational average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Rajasthan is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Rajasthan is given in Appendix D-20.

Name of theDistrict

Farm PowerAvailability(kW/ha)

Legend

Ajmer 1.213


Alwar 3.561Banswara 1.877Baran 2.255Barmer 0.218Bharatpur 3.389Bhilwara 2.295Bikaner 0.316Bundi 2.537Chittorgarh 3.627Churu 0.325Dausa 4.129Dholpur 3.197Dungarpur 2.647Ganganagar 0.626Hanumangarh 0.646Jaipur 2.868Jaisalmer 0.089Jalore 1.182Jhalawar 2.580Jhunjhunu 1.589Jodhpur 0.517Karauli 2.950Kota 1.868Nagour 1.934Pali 0.864Pratapgarh 0.446Rajsamand 4.315S. Madhopur 1.831Sikar 1.812Sirohi 2.398Tonk 1.809Udaipur 2.741Total 1.373

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Tripura

The average farm power availability in the State of Tripura before the implementation of SMAMwas 1.040 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 1.320 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a26.9 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Tripura is 34.8 % less than the national averagei.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) inthe State of Tripura is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm power availabilityin the State of Tripura is given in Appendix D-21.

Name of theDistrict


Legend

Dhalai 1.712FPA more than 2.03 kW/haFPA between 1.00 to 2.03 kW/haFPA less than 1.00 kW/ha

North Tripura 0.987South Tripura 1.303West Tripura 1.381

Total 1.320


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Category IV States (FPA less than 1.000 kW/ha)

Assam

The average farm power availability in the State of Assam before the implementation of SMAMwas 0.869 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 0.993 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a14.3 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Assam is 51 % less than the national averagei.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) inthe State of Assam is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm power availabilityin the State of Assam is given in Appendix D-22.

Name of the District Farm PowerAvailability (kW/ha)

Legend

Baksa 1.112


Barpeta 1.142Bongaigaon 0.866Cachar 0.513Chirang 0.820Darrang 0.448Dhemaji 1.372Dhubri 1.186Dibrugarh 1.106Dima Hasao 0.106Goalpara 0.792Golahgat 0.546Hailakandi 0.634Jorhat 2.726Kamrup (R&L) 1.530Karbi Anglong 0.502Karimganj 0.443Kokrajhar 0.736Lakhimpur 1.453Morigaon 0.538Nagaon 0.820Nalbari 2.144Sivasagar 0.705Sonitpur 1.445Tinsukia 0.779Udalguri 0.567Total 0.993

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Arunachal Pradesh

The average farm power availability in the State of Arunachal Pradesh before the implementationof SMAM was 0.322 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 0.460 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 42.9 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Arunachal Pradesh is 77.3 % lessthan the national average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Arunachal Pradesh is graded as given below and thecomplete analysis of farm power availability in the State of Arunachal Pradesh is given inAppendix D-23.


(kW/ha)Legend

Anjaw 0.076


Changlang 0.623Dibang Valley 1.379East Kameng 0.123East Siang 0.658Lohit 4.264Lower Subansiri 0.140Papum pare 0.216Tawang 0.728Tirap 0.491Upper Siang 0.100Upper Subansiri 0.122West Kameng 1.122West Siang 0.139Kurung kumey 4.286Lower dibang valley 0.129Total 0.460

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Manipur

The average farm power availability in the State of Manipur before the implementation of SMAMwas 0.340 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 0.500 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a47.1 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Manipur is 75.3 % less than the nationalaverage i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) in the State of Manipur is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm poweravailability in the State of Manipur is given in Appendix D-24.

Name of theDistrict

Farm PowerAvailability(kW/ha)

Legend

Bishnupur 0.443


Chandel 0.142Churachandpur 0.078Imphal East 0.536Imphal West 0.891Senapati 0.296Tamenglong 0.532Thoubal 1.258Ukhrul 0.127Total 0.500

Meghalaya

The average farm power availability in the State of Meghalaya before the implementation ofSMAM was 0.180 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 0.287 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 52.7 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Meghalaya is 85.8 % less than thenational average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Meghalaya is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Meghalaya is given in Appendix D-25.

Name of the DistrictFarm PowerAvailability(kW/ha)

Legend

East Garo Hills 0.181


East Khasi Hills 0.703Jaintia Hills 0.507Ribhoi 0.327South Garo Hills 0.118West Garo Hills 0.158West Khasi Hills 0.157Total 0.287

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Mizoram

The average farm power availability in the State of Mizoram before the implementation of SMAMwas 0.305 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 0.477 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a56.4 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Mizoram is 76.4 % less than the nationalaverage i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) in the State of Mizoram is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm poweravailability in the State of Mizoram is given in Appendix D-26.

Name of theDistrict

Farm PowerAvailability (kW/ha) Legend

Aizawl 0.670


Champhai 0.302Kolasib 0.528Lawngtlai 0.587Lunglei 0.323Mamit 0.541Saiha 0.423Serchhip 0.651Total 0.477

Nagaland

The average farm power availability in the State of Nagaland before the implementation ofSMAM was 0.415 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 0.504 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thusregistering a 21.4 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Nagaland is 75.1 % less than thenational average i.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm poweravailability (2016-17) in the State of Nagaland is graded as given below and the completeanalysis of farm power availability in the State of Nagaland is given in Appendix D-27.

Name of theDistrict


Legend

Dimapur 2.183


Kiphire 0.132Kohima 0.814Longleng 0.308Mokokchung 0.359Mon 0.195Peren 0.490Phek 0.242Tuensang 0.226Wokha 0.203Zunheboto 0.290Total 0.504

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Sikkim

The average farm power availability in the State of Sikkim before the implementation of SMAMwas 0.360 kW/ha (2014) and it increased to 0.530 kW/ha by the end of 2016-17, thus registering a21.4 % increase in FPA in three years. The FPA in Sikkim is 73.8 % less than the national averagei.e., 2.025 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17. The district-wise farm power availability (2016-17) inthe State of Sikkim is graded as given below and the complete analysis of farm power availabilityin the State of Sikkim is given in Appendix D-28.

Name of theDistrict

Farm PowerAvailability (kW/ha) Legend

East Sikkim 2.645


North Sikkim 0.148South Sikkim 0.725West Sikkim 0.400

Total 0.530

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5.2. Mechanization Gaps and Future Requirements

The efficacy of agricultural inputs and natural resources - seed, fertilizers, chemicals, land andwater has been increased through adoption of appropriate agricultural equipment. Energy is thekey input for agricultural, industrial and socio-economical development of a nation. The energyin agriculture is required for field operations which facilitate crop production and processingbesides indirect energy in terms of seeds, fertilizer, irrigation, and chemicals. Human, animal,electrical and mechanical energy sources are extensively used in agriculture.

The farm mechanization facilitates use of inputs effectively and in reducing the drudgery in farmoperations besides ensuring timeliness. The Indian farmers have adopted improved farmmachinery irrespective of land holding size. Equipment for tillage, sowing, irrigation, plantprotection and threshing have widely been accepted by them. Farmers with small holdings utilizeselected improved farm equipment through custom hiring to increase productivity and reducecost of production.

About 300 improved agricultural equipment and technologies have been designed and developedfor various pre and post-harvest operations operated by human, animal, mechanical and electricalpower for timely field operation, facilitating timeliness, removal of farm drudgery, reducing postharvest losses and addition of value to the agro-produce. Increased productivity does not meanadditional income to the growers unless it is matched with appropriate postharvest technologiesthat minimize post-harvest losses and add value to the produce and by-products.

Agricultural mechanization refers to interjection of improved tools, implements and machinesbetween farm workers and materials handled by them. Independent India ushered in a process ofagricultural mechanization and revival of rural agro-processing which got acceleration duringpost-Green Revolution period. Irrigation pump sets, power threshers, tractors, power tillers andmatching implements, including for 65 million draft animals have became popular. Seed andseed-cum-fertilizer drills, planters, mechanical rice transplanters, vertical conveyor reapers, andcombines soon followed. In the recent past, Zero-till Drill and Raise Bed Planters have foundgood acceptance from the farmers. Currently mechanization is in increasing demand. Farmersand policy makers and developmental agencies now realize that for increasing production andproductivity at reduced unit cost of production, free of arduous labour, agriculturalmechanization is essential. It is brought in centre stage with globalization of world markets.Introduction of electromechanical power units supplementing and substituting traditionalanimate sources of farm power is going to continue.

For achieving desired intensity of cropping average and productivity, farm power requirement of2.5 kW/ha by 2022 and 4.00 kW/ha by 2030 is considered essential, currently it is 2.03 kW/ha.Shifts in agriculture leading to crop diversification towards horticulture, animal husbandryfishery, forestry and on-farm agro-processing are going to bring in greater degree of

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mechanization. India dominated by small and marginal land holdings may not have same trendof mechanization as the developed world but it is going to grow close to it. Though, the nationalaverage farm power availability in India is 2.03 kW/ha at the end of 2016-17, many states stilllag behind the national average. The present farm power availability and requirement of farmpower by 2022 and 2030 in different states is given in the Table 38.

Table 38: Present farm power availability and requirement of farm powerby 2022 and 2030

StatesFarm Power Availability (kW/ha)

16-17 2022* 2030*Andhra Pradesh 2.14 2.52 3.72Assam 0.99 1.18 1.97Bihar 2.80 3.29 4.81Jharkhand 1.21 1.54 2.65Gujarat 2.57 3.04 4.52Haryana 4.32 4.98 7.51Himachal Pradesh 1.14 1.41 2.29Jammu and Kashmir 1.12 1.47 2.70Karnataka 2.14 2.67 4.43Kerala 1.10 1.33 2.10Maharashtra 1.19 1.59 3.01Madhya Pradesh 1.49 1.81 3.79Chhattisgarh 1.25 1.61 2.86Odisha 1.65 1.96 2.93Punjab 4.40 5.45 7.89Rajasthan 1.37 1.69 2.70Tamil Nadu 2.91 3.72 6.46Telangana 2.89 3.51 5.50Uttar Pradesh 2.84 3.49 6.12Uttarakhand 2.64 3.32 5.58West Bengal 1.87 2.25 3.97Arunachal Pradesh 0.46 0.69 1.57Manipur 0.50 0.77 1.39Meghalaya 0.29 0.47 0.75Mizoram 0.48 0.80 2.19Nagaland 0.50 0.65 1.13Sikkim 0.53 0.84 1.61Tripura 1.32 1.79 3.48All India Average 2.03 2.50 4.00

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* Targeted farm power availabilityThe mechanization gap which is prevailing in different states and the future requirements to dealwith the gaps are discussed for each state separately.

Andhra Pradesh

The demand of mechanical power to meet the additional requirement of farm power to achievetimeliness in field operations, particularly in dry farming crops is on higher side. Availability ofadequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should be increased from thepresent level of about 2.14 kW/ha to about 2.52 and 3.72 kW/ha in 2022 and 2030, respectivelyfor enhanced productivity and income of the farmers.

The productivity of the important crops has to be considerably improved and precision & hightech equipment for handling all the high tech inputs in the field has to be adopted on priority.For achieving timeliness in all the field operations, saving in the cost of operation and energyrequired, improved tillage equipment like rotavators, moisture conservation tillage tools,precision seed drills and planters for all the major crops in this region needs to be adopted.

Thrust needs to be given to adopt multi crop equipment like medium range multicrop axial flowthresher for rainfed crops, multicrop reapers, power weeders and roto-tillers suitable for eacharea by bring about design improvement to suit the crops in that locality.

Shallow puddling may be advocated for mechanization of seeding/transplanting and improvedpuddlers. Power tiller operated rotavators are recommended. Land levelling equipment may bepromoted which would help in maximizing water use efficiency. Direct seeding of paddy both inlow lands and dry uplands with drum seeders may be popularized. Manual and power operatedtransplanters may be promoted.

Self Help Groups with entrepreneurship goals may be encouraged to run the power-operatedtransplanters to work on custom hiring basis. Mat type nurseries should be raised on a large scaleto cater to the requirements in each village. Enterprising farmers may be encouraged to raiselarge-scale nursery farms on commercial basis.

Sugarcane cutter planter (tractor drawn) and sugarcane harvester may be introduced undercustom hiring schemes through the sugar mills in this zone. Power weeders for interculturaloperations and earthing up equipment may also be introduced. Tractor drawn groundnutharvester and groundnut wet pod thresher needs to be popularized. Power weeders forintercultural operations and standard/improved spraying equipment for plant protectionoperations may be popularized for adoption in cotton crop.

WAPCOS LTD 5-38

For increased production and productivity, water conservation, storage and managementpractices will have to be improvised with appropriate technologies including precision landlevelling and micro irrigation methods.

Mechanization in orchard crops for various operations including pruning, spraying for tall treecrops, fruit harvesting etc. need to be identified, developed and popularised.

Equipment for harvesting, retrieval, densification, fortification, handling and transport of cropresidues will be required to be introduced in large numbers for making best utilization of strawand other crop residues for feed, fodder and energy.

With the development of brackish water and fresh water aquaculture in this zone, particularly insouthern coastal Andhra Pradesh, more fish processing industries may be promoted.Manufacturers of aquaculture farming equipments may also be promoted for mechanizing thefish farming.

Efficient post harvest equipment and technology will be needed for various unit operations likecleaning, grading, drying, cooling, evaporative cooling, storage, cold storage and handling offarm produce to improve their quality and self life.

Bihar

Bihar should progressively adopt to power farming for timely and precise field operations atreduced costs and to maximize utilization efficiencies of costly inputs (seed, fertilizer, plantprotection chemicals, water, machinery etc.) and for conservation of natural resources – soil,water and environment.

Availability of adequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should beincreased from the present level of about 2.80 kW/ ha to about 3.29 and 4.81 kW/ha by 2022 &2030, respectively. For stationary operations like water lifting, threshing, chaff cutting, canecrushing, cleaning, grading and other agro-processing and value addition activities, adequateelectrical energy should be provided. For this it should be ensured that the farmers get at least16–20 hours uninterrupted electrical power supply every day.

For timely farm operations, reduction in cost of operations and saving energy in tillage andsowing/planting/transplanting operations, large scale adoption of rotavators, conservation tillagetechnologies (promotion of zero till drills, strip till drills, roto-drills, till-plant machines, raisedbed planters, ridger seeder etc.) and promotion of precision drills, planters and transplanters forall crops should be promoted and given high priorities.

Presently mechanization of rice transplanting and planting of sugarcane, cotton and many othercrops is at very low level. Suitable machines will have to be introduced and popularized. Checkrow planters for cotton and other crops will have to be introduced.

WAPCOS LTD 5-39

Identification/development and promotion of high capacity, energy efficient equipment to dotimely operations to reduce cost of operation and specific energy requirements needs to be done.Promotion of custom hiring of high capacity equipment are proposed, so that marginal, small andmedium categories of farmers can also take the advantage of mechanization.

Power operated weeders for narrow and wider row crops will have to be introduced andpopularized. High clearance tractors with narrow tyres will be required to be introduced forintercultural operations. Aero blast sprayers, orchard sprayers and electrostatic sprayingequipment will be required to be introduced for proper spraying in field and tall crops/orchardsand for better deposition of chemicals.

Presently harvesting is done mostly by using sickles. Combines and harvesters for almost allcrops (Sorghum, pearl millets, maize, pulses, oil seeds, sugarcane, cotton, safflowers,sunflowers, castor, etc.) will have to be introduced and popularized for timely harvesting.

Equipments for mechanization of orchard crops - pit making, transplanting of saplings, pruning,spraying in tall crops, harvesting of fruits etc. need to be identified/ imported/designed,introduced and popularized. Vegetable crop production has to be mechanized for whichequipments from seed bed preparation, planting, transplanting of seedlings, inter culture,irrigation, spraying harvesting, picking/digging has to be identified/designed and introduced.

Equipment for harvesting of fodder crops, making sillage, feed blocks, feed pallets will berequired to be introduced and popularized in future. Equipment for harvesting, retrieval,densification, fortification, handling and transport of crop residues will be required to beintroduced in large numbers for making best utilization of straw and other crop residues for feed,fodder and energy.

Promotion of on-farm and village level Post-harvest technologies and agro-processing activitiesin the production catchments to reduce losses, give better returns to farmers and generate moreemployment opportunities needs to be given priority.

Jharkhand

Availability of adequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should beincreased from the present level of about 1.21 kW/ ha to about 1.54 and 2.65 kW/ha in Jharkhandby 2020 and 2030, respectively. For stationary operations like water lifting, threshing, chaffcutting, cane crushing, cleaning, grading and other agro-processing and value addition activities,adequate electrical energy should be provided. The strategies needed for the mechanization ofJharkhand State are as follows:

Mechanization of tribal belt of Chotanagpur region using small hand tools.

WAPCOS LTD 5-40

Introduction of package of animal drawn equipments for different crops in rainfedregions of State.

Mechanization of rice cultivation through promotion of puddler, rice seeder, ricetransplanter, cono weeder and pedal paddy thresher.

Equipments for mechanization of orchard crops - pit making, transplanting of saplings,pruning, spraying in tall crops, harvesting of fruits etc. need to be identified/imported/designed, introduced and popularized.

Vegetable crop production has to be mechanized for which equipments for seed bedpreparation, planting, transplanting of seedlings, inter culture, irrigation, sprayingharvesting, picking/digging has to be identified/designed and introduced.

Conducting front line demonstrations of improved equipments for different crops.

Manufacturing small hand tools and animal drawn implements to meet the demand of thefarmers through involving agricultural implements manufacturers.

Mechanization of hill agriculture in the State.

Promoting processing of agricultural produce for employment generation through valueaddition of raw material.

Promoting modern irrigation equipment and methods (sprinkler/drip irrigation).

Gujarat

In order to ensure enhanced productivity, availability of adequate farm power for mobile andstationary farm operations has to be increased from the present level of about 2.57 kW/ ha toabout 3.04 and 4.52 kW/ha by 2022 and 2030, respectively.

Gujarat is an important producer of castor, groundnut, cotton, spices, banana, mango andtobacco. These crops require specialized equipment for planting, crop care and harvesting.

For timely farm operations, reduction in cost of operations and saving energy in tillage andsowing/planting/transplanting operations, large scale adoption of rotavators, conservation tillagetechnologies (promotion of zero till drills, strip till drills, roto-drills, till-plant machines, raisedbed planters, ridger seeder etc.), precision drills, planters and transplanters for all crops should bepromoted and given high priority.

Power operated weeders for narrow and wider row crops will have to be introduced andpopularized. High clearance tractors with narrow tyres will be required to be introduced forintercultural operations. Aero blast sprayers, orchard sprayers and electrostatic sprayingequipment will be required to be introduced for proper spraying in field and tall crops/orchardsand for better deposition of chemicals.

Precise land levelling and use of sprinklers and drip irrigation systems to economize in waterrequirement, should be given high priority. For making farm ponds, bunds, farm roads, drainage

WAPCOS LTD 5-41

channels etc. power operated trenchers, angle dozers, drudgers, buck scrapers and other earthmoving machinery will be required to be introduced on large scale.

Raised bed cultivation of irrigated crops should be promoted and appropriate equipment for thispurpose should be introduced. Combined with furrow or drip irrigation, this will save water,improve fertilizer use efficiency and raise yields.

Equipment for mechanization of orchard crops-pit making, transplanting of saplings, pruning,spraying in tall crops, harvesting of fruits etc. need to be identified/ imported/designed,introduced and popularized.

Vegetable crop production has to be mechanized for which full set of equipment from seed bedpreparation, planting, transplanting of seedlings, inter culture, irrigation, spraying harvesting,picking/digging has to be identified/designed.

Packages of prime movers and equipment for the production, harvesting and primary processingof selected vegetables and fruits, spices and special crops like isabgol should be identified,tested, improved and supplied to the growers.


Post harvest equipment and technology will be needed for cleaning, grading, drying, cooling,evaporative cooling, storage, cold storage and handling of farm produce to improve their qualityand shelf-life. Cold chains for transport of perishable materials like fruits, vegetables, milk andmilk products, fish, meat etc. will be required in large numbers to reduce losses.

Haryana

After Punjab, Haryana is also top ranker in terms of farm power availability, tractor density anddegree of mechanization. The present level of farm power availability in Haryana state is about4.32 kW/ha (2017) which needs to be sustained and be increased to about 4.98 and 7.51 kW/haby 2022 and 2030, respectively.

Rice–wheat is the major cropping system of this region. Due to fast depletion in water table anddecline in soil fertility, area under paddy needs to be reduced and replaced by other crops such aspulses, oilseeds, maize, fruits and vegetables. For timeliness of operations, reduced cost andenergy saving in tillage and sowing/planting/ transplanting of crops grown in this region,adoption of efficient seedbed equipment including rotavators, conservation tillage technologies(zero-till drills, strip-till drills, roto-drills, till-plant machines, raised bed planters, ridger, seeder

WAPCOS LTD 5-42

etc.) together with precision drills and planters (pneumatic drill/planters and transplanters) forpaddy and different vegetable crops need to be introduced. Presently transplanting and plantingthrough mechanized operation in paddy, sugarcane and cotton crops is at fairly low level.Suitable machines need to be developed and introduced.

Power operated weeders (both self-propelled and tractor operated) for narrow and wider rowcrops need to be introduced and popularized. High clearance tractors with narrow tyres arerequired to be introduced for intercultural operations in line with the current emphasis onintegrated weed and pest management. Efficient plant protection equipment especially aero-blastsprayers for orchards and electro-static sprayers for field crops need to be developed andintroduced for maximum economy in spraying and for better deposition of chemicals.

Machinery for resource conservation, organic farming, integrated nutrient, weed and pesticidemanagement, rotary tillage and rotary cultivation machinery, laser guided levellers, low-tunneland plastic mulch laying machines, harvesters and combines for sugarcane and cotton picking,aero blast sprayers for orchards and vineyards as well as electro-static sprayers for grain crops,vegetables, pulses and oilseeds, high capacity precision machinery for seeding (pneumaticplanters, precision drills, transplanters), chemical application and threshing, forage planting andharvesting machinery and safe and efficient transport vehicles for haulage of wheat straw, paddyhusk, sugarcane, fodder etc. needs to be adopted and popularized amongst the farmers.

For construction of farm ponds, bunds, drainage channels, different types of earth movingequipment such as laser guided land levellers, trenchers, angle dozers, drudgers, and scrapers arerequired.

Horticulture is the key area for diversification of agriculture in Haryana State. Equipment formechanization of orchard crops for pit making, transplanting of saplings, spraying, pruning,harvesting of fruits etc need to be identified/ imported/designed, manufactured, introduced andpopularized. Similarly different operations for vegetable crops need to be mechanized. Latestequipment for seeding, planting and transplanting of seedlings, weeding, hoeing and earthing,irrigation, spraying, harvesting, picking/plucking/ harvesting need to be introduced.

In view of the large population of milch cattle and draft animals, it is necessary to introduceappropriate farm equipment for seeding, harvesting, baling, silage making, and machinery formaking feed blocks and pallets.

Paddy straw which is presently burnt and causes environmental pollution can be gainfullyutilized for power generation and allied usages. Management of paddy straw is no doubt aburning problem in Haryana. Equipment for harvesting, collection, densification, fortification,handling and transport of crop residues are required to be introduced in adequate numbers formaking efficient utilization of straw and other crop residues which are available in large quantityin this region.

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Post-harvest equipment and technology are required for cleaning, grading, drying, cooling,evaporative cooling, storage, cold storage and handling of farm produce to improve its qualityand shelf-life. Cool chains for transport of perishable materials like fruits, vegetables, milk andmilk products, fish, meat etc. are required to reduce losses.

Research and development in use of alternate fuels and renewable energy sources such asBiodiesel, biogas, Producer gas, and solar energy need to be intensified.

Himachal Pradesh

Farm power availability needs to be increased from the present level of about 1.14 kW/ha(2017) to about 1.41 and 2.29 kW/ha in 2022 and 2030, respectively in the state of HimachalPradesh for enhanced production and productivity.

Equipment and power units suitable for hill agriculture, agro-processing and rural living shouldbe selected, tested, adapted and introduced in the region. Power units like extra light powertillers, hill-side tractors, and efficient power operated tools and implements for horticulturalcrops should be procured and evaluated for adoption.

Periodic use of sub-soilers and equipment for deep tillage for breaking hardpan and eradicationof perennial weeds is desirable. For tillage and sowing/ planting/transplanting operations, largescale adoption of rotavators, conservation tillage technologies (zero till drills, strip till drills,rotodrills, till-plant machines, raised bed planters, ridger seeder etc.) and promotion of precisiondrills, planters and transplanters should be given high priorities. For timely and efficient plantprotection, Aeroblast sprayers, orchard sprayers and electro-static spraying equipment arerequired to be introduced. Improved harvesting equipment like serrated sickles, fruit pluckers,vertical conveyor reapers and combine harvester should be introduced.

Predominance of small and marginal farms in the region demands well developed customservices in power equipment and machinery through entrepreneurs, self-help groups andcooperatives. Fruit crop mechanization equipment for pit making, transplanting of saplings,pruning, spraying in tall crops, harvesting of fruits etc. need to be identified/ adopted/ developedand popularized.

Plasticulture has wide scope in hill agriculture demanding intensive R&D and extension effortspecially in green houses, low and high tunnels, plastic mulches, micro-irrigation and mistformation. Post harvest equipment and technology are needed for cleaning, grading, drying,cooling, evaporative cooling, storage, cold storage and handling of farm produce to improve theirquality and shelf-life.

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Jammu and Kashmir

Farm power availability needs to be increased from the present level of about 1.12 kW/ha(2017) to about 1.47 and 2.70 kW/ha in 2022 and 2030, respectively in the state of Jammu andKashmir for enhanced production and productivity.

Equipment and power units suitable for hill agriculture, agro-processing and rural living shouldbe selected, tested, adapted and introduced in the region. Power units like extra light powertillers, hill-side tractors, and efficient power operated tools and implements for horticulturalcrops should be procured and evaluated for adoption.

Rice–wheat cropping system has potential to provide food and feed security in the region hencepriorities should be given to these crops by adopting improved varieties along withrecommended package of practices and equipment. For secure rice-wheat rotation, short durationcold tolerant rice and wheat hybrids varieties are needed. Periodic use of sub-soilers andequipment for deep tillage for breaking hardpan and eradication of perennial weeds is desirable.

For efficiency and economy in tillage and sowing/ planting/transplanting operations, large scaleadoption of rotavators, conservation tillage technologies (zero till drills, strip till drills, rotodrills,till-plant machines, raised bed planters, ridger seeder etc.) and promotion of precision drills,planters and transplanters should be given high priorities.

Improved harvesting equipment like serrated sickles, fruit pluckers, vertical conveyor reapersand combine harvester should be introduced. For increasing production and productivity snowmelt and rain water harvesting, conservation, storage, efficient conveyance and application usingplastic pipes, laser land levelers, sprinklers and drip irrigation systems should be intensivelypromoted.

Power operated trenchers, angle dozers, drudgers, buck scrapers and other earth movingmachinery will be required to be introduced in the region for making farm ponds, bunds andterraces, irrigation channels and waterways.

Fruit crop mechanization equipment for pit making, transplanting of saplings, pruning, sprayingin tall crops, harvesting of fruits etc. need to be identified/adopted/developed and popularized.Cold chains management of perishable products like fruits, vegetables, milk and milk products,fish, meat etc. are required to transport with minimum losses.

Karnataka

The demand of mechanical power to meet the additional requirement of farm power to achievetimeliness in field operations, particularly in dry farming crops is on higher side. Availability ofadequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should be increased from the

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present level of about 2.14 kW/ha to about 2.67 and 4.43 kW/ha in 2022 and 2030, respectivelyfor enhanced productivity and income of the farmers.

The productivity of the important crops has to be considerably improved and precision & hightech equipment for handling all the high tech inputs in the field has to be adopted on priority.

For achieving timeliness in all the field operations, saving in the cost of operation and energyrequired, improved tillage equipment like rotavators, moisture conservation tillage tools,precision seed drills and planters for all the major crops in this region would have to beadvocated.

Draught animal power in the farms will have to be better utilized with ergonomically designedharnesses & yokes and improved implements like seed cum fertilizer drills, planters and multirow interculture implements. The farmers may be provided subsidies for adoption of theimproved implements.

Emphasis may be given for introducing multi crop equipment like medium range multicrop axialflow thresher for rainfed crops, multicrop reapers, power weeders and roto-tillers suitable foreach area by bring about design improvement to suit the crops in that locality.

The rice belt in Karnataka region may be fully mechanized. For paddy crop, shallow puddlingneeds to be adopted for mechanization of seeding/transplanting and improved puddlers. Powertiller operated rotavators are also recommended. Land levelling equipment may be promotedwhich would help in maximizing water use efficiency. Direct seeding of paddy both in lowlands and dry uplands with drum seeders may be popularized. Manual and power operatedtransplanters may be promoted.


Sugarcane cutter planter (tractor drawn) and sugarcane harvester may be introduced undercustom hiring schemes through the sugar mills in this zone. Power weeders for interculturaloperations and earthing up equipment may be introduced under subsidy schemes.

Tractor drawn groundnut harvester and groundnut wet pod thresher may be popularized. Powerweeders for intercultural operations and standard/improved spraying equipment for plantprotection operations may be popularized for adoption in cotton crop

In medium and light soils, chisel plough (tractor drawn) may be introduced for betterconservation of water. Use of power tillers may be introduced for channel forming and trenchmaking, seeding and tillage operations.

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Aero blast sprayers, sprayers and electro-static spraying equipment for plantation crops may beintroduced. The harvesting and threshing operations of major crops like paddy sorghum etc areto be mechanized with the introduction of reapers, threshers and combines.

Mechanization in orchard crops for various operations including pruning, spraying for tall treecrops, fruit harvesting etc. need to be identified, developed and popularized. Production and postproduction tools and equipment for vegetable crops are to be developed/modified for adoption.Broad bed forming equipment and vegetable planters may be introduced.

In the coastal belt of Karnataka, where rice, coconut and areca nut are major crops, introductionof power tillers will be able to boost the mechanization and beneficial to horticultural farmers.

Low cost/appropriate storage facilities for perishable and semi-perishables may be established ona cooperative/Self Help Group Entrepreneurship basis with technical and financial back up fromthe concerned government departments. Such facilities should enable farmers for transit storageof their produce even in small quantities, on hiring charges basis.

Kerala

The mechanical power source in Kerala is very less and there is ample scope for increasingpower sources with mechanical power through introducing more tractors and power tillers. Forincreasing the agricultural productivity, the cropping intensity has to be increased for which farmpower available in the farms has to be improved. Efficient use of the agricultural inputs like seed,fertilizer, plant protection chemicals, water and farm machinery should be promoted.

Availability of adequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should beincreased from the present level of about 1.10 kW/ ha to 1.33 and 2.10 kW/ha by 2022 and 2030,respectively. Tractors, power tillers and other machinery for rice farming may be introduced inappropriate areas depending on the potential. Energy towers - small windmills may beestablished in hilly regions to tap the wind energy for generation of power to supplement theenergy needs in the plantations.

The mechanization package for different crops in this zone includes improved, ergonomicallydesigned hand tools for both genders, power tiller and tractor operated implements for fieldpreparation like roto tilling, puddling, levelling, seed planting, seedling transplanting, weeding,intercultural operations, power spraying and tall tree spraying, reapers, threshers and combines,diggers for root crops, improved dryers and other post harvest equipment for coconut, arecanutand spice crops etc.

Ergonomically improved tools and gadgets for farming operations may be advocated to reducethe drudgery and to provide better environment for agricultural labour for higher workefficiency, especially for women labour.

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For problem areas in Kerala, namely low lying locations like Kole and Kuttanad areas, low head,high discharge, low cost improved energy efficient axial flow pumps may be provided atsubsidized cost to farmers to pump out the flood waters from the fields to save their crop duringheavy monsoon rains.

Tractors and rotavator attachments may be provided in Central and Northern Kerala, on amassive scale to increase power availability in the zone. Shallow puddling with rotavators andmechanized levelling the fields may be propagated for mechanized transplantation.

Tall tree sprayers and orchard sprayers for coconut, arecanut, mango and cashew nut may beadvocated. Mechanization in orchard crops for various operations like pruning, fruit harvestingetc. need to be identified, developed and popularized. Equipment for handling and processingfor value addition of biomass from husks of coconut and arecanut and cashew nut shells are tobe modernized.

Post harvest technology equipment for On-Farm/ Village level processing may be given greaterthrust during the next 10 years for drying of copra, arecanut, pepper, etc. Special dryers forcardamom to obtain best quality produce with retention of green colour and aroma may beintroduced in a big way for the benefit of small growers.

Maharashtra

Availability of adequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should beincreased from the present level of about 1.19 kW/ ha to about 1.59 kW/ha and 3.01 kW/ha by2022 & 2030, respectively. For stationary operations like water lifting, threshing, chaff cutting,cane crushing, cleaning, grading and other agro-processing and value addition activities,adequate electrical energy needs to be provided. The strategies required for enhancedproductivity and income of the farmers are as follows:

There is need to mechanize planting, harvesting and sugarcane trash management in allregions.

The sorghum and bajra crops should be mechanized in the Western Maharashtra plainzone, Scarcity Zone and Central Vidarbha zone for harvesting operation.

There is need to mechanize planting, interculture and shredding operation for cotton cropin the Scarcity zone, Central Maharashtra and Central Vidarbha zone.

There is need to introduce self propelled harvester and mini combine for safflower cropin Western Maharashtra plain and Scarcity Zone.

There is need to adapt coconut climber and harvester for the sub-mountain zone andWestern Maharashtra plain zone.

The banana crop in the Central Maharashtra plateau and Central Vidarbha region shouldbe mechanized.

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In all the zones of Maharashtra there is need to mechanize vegetable and fruit cultivation. In Maharashtra part of the zone sugarcane bagass and groundnut shell should be used for

gasification plant for use in industrial applications.

Madhya Pradesh

For enhanced production and productivity, farm power availability needs to be increased fromthe present level of about 1.49 kW/ha (2017) to about 1.81 and 3.79 kW/ha in 2022 and 2030,respectively in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The Custom Hiring Centres have proved to be amega success in increasing the mechanization level and availability of improved farm machineryto the farmers of the State.

For timely farm operations, reduction in cost of operations and saving energy in tillage andsowing/planting/transplanting operations, large scale adoption of rotavators and promotion ofprecision drills, planters and transplanters for all crops should be promoted and given highpriorities. Presently mechanization of rice transplanting and planting of sugarcane, cotton andmany other crops is at very low level. Suitable machines will have to be introduced andpopularized.

Power operated weeders for narrow and wider row crops will have to be introduced andpopularized. High clearance tractors with narrow tyres will be required to be introduced forintercultural operations. Self propelled boom sprayers, orchard sprayers and electro-static-spraying equipment will be required to be introduced for proper spraying in field and tallcrops/orchards and for better deposition of chemicals.

Combines and harvesters for almost all crops like sorghum, pearl millets, maize, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton, safflowers, sunflowers, castor etc., will have to be introduced andpopularized for timely harvesting.

Threshing of wheat, rice, sorghum, some pulses and oil seeds crops are fairly mechanized.Threshing of other crops – pigeon pea, safflower, sunflower etc. are to be introduced andpopularized. In future, emphasis should be given on popularization of high capacity, energyefficient, multi-crop threshers.

In order to make efficient use of available human and animal energy, improved, efficient andergonomically designed hand tools and matching animal operated equipment for differentoperations like seed bed preparation, sowing/ planting, weeding/interculture etc. should bepromoted and popularized.

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Different types of manually operated and power operated garden tools will have to be introducedand popularized for promotion of raising of seedlings for growing of fruits, vegetables andflowers and for work in gardens.

Equipment for harvesting, retrieval, densification fortification, handling and transport of cropresidues will be required to be introduced in large numbers for making best utilization of strawand other crop residues for feed, fodder and energy. There is need to introduce equipment forhandling, transport and application of manure in the field, in liquid and solid forms, will berequired. Such equipment will be required to be imported/ designed and introduced on largescale.


Chhattisgarh

Draught animal power will remain the chief source of tractive power dominated regions whopractice hill agriculture and shifting cultivation due to topography. To ensure adequate farmpower for timely farm operation, animal power should be supplemented with mechanical andelectrical power. The quality of draught animals will be improved through feed management andregulated breeding. Uneconomical and marginal lands should be developed for fodderproduction, pasture and grazing lands. The following strategies needs to be adopted forincreasing the productivity and cropping intensity.

Mechanization of the farms of all categories. Conserving and properly utilizing natural resources such as land and water.

Improving utilization efficiency of inputs such as seeds, chemicals, fertilizers and energy. Reducing cost of production Reducing health hazards and increase safety in operation of farm machinery.

Increasing the present farm power availability from 1.25 kW/ha to 1.61 & 2.86 kW/ha by2022 and 2030, respectively.

Custom hiring high capacity farm machines for timeliness of operation where turn aroundtime is low.

Improving management of farm machinery

Mechanization of hill agriculture Mechanization of paddy, groundnut, fruits and vegetable crops and covered cultivation

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Modern scientific agriculture requires adequate improved variety of seeds, fertilizer,assured irrigation, plant protection measures, energy and improved machinery forappropriate mechanization.

The farmers located in tribal dominated backward regions should be provided specialincentive for purchase and use of improved machinery to facilitate agriculture and agro-processing.

Odisha

For increasing the agricultural productivity, the cropping intensity has to be increased for whichfarm power available in the farms has to be improved. Efficient use of the agricultural inputs likeseed, fertilizer, plant protection chemicals, water & machinery needs to be ensured.

Availability of adequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should beincreased from the present level of about 1.65 kW/ ha to about 1.96 and 2.93 kW/ha by 2022 and2030, respectively. The power scenario in villages is highly inadequate to meet the demand forelectrical energy for irrigation, threshing & agro processing and value addition operations.

Since more than 80% of holdings are small and marginal, the mechanization package may havethe following components:

(i) Small farm equipments/tools for small firms on ownership basis.(ii) Medium size farm equipments on custom hiring basis(iii) Hiring of farm equipments through contract or group farming systems.

Mechanization in the coastal belt of Odisha should be with both bullock drawn, power tiller andtractor drawn implements. More power tillers may be introduced in this region. Improvedwomen friendly tools like cono weeders, long handled manual weeders, groundnut decorticatorsetc. are recommended. Manual and self propelled rice transplanters, mat type nursery techniques,self propelled reapers, power threshers, combines may be introduced under custom hiring forrice. Rotary tillers, improved bullock drawn and tractor drawn seed planters, sugarcane cutterplanter, power sprayers, intercultural equipments, power weeders, multicrop threshers and postharvest equipments are also recommended for various crops in this region.

Equipment for harvesting, retrieval, densification, fortification, handling and transport of cropresidues will be required to be introduced in large numbers for making best utilization of strawand other crop residues for feed, fodder and energy. Crop residue management in future willpose a problem in this zone, particularly during kharif harvest when the North East Monsoonrains will be heavier. Straw balers and densifiers may be required in future for efficient and

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quicker handling of the straw. Equipment for organic farming and manure application in the fieldmay be developed and introduced.

Being a major rice growing belt, there is tremendous scope for improving and modernising theexisting rice mills and establishing primary processing centers for rice and pulses to dry the wetkharif and mini rice & dhal mills to make the farmer from a mere producer to a producer –primary processor.

Punjab

Punjab has the highest intensity of tractors and highest degree of mechanization. There is a needfor precision in field operations to reduce cost of operation and to maximize utilizationefficiencies of costly inputs (seed, fertilizer, plant protection chemicals, water, machinery etc).Precision mechanization is required for conservation of natural resources (soil, water andenvironment) as well as to enhance utilization efficiency to further increase the productivity.

The present level of farm power availability in Punjab state is about 4.40 kW/ha (2017) whichneeds to be sustained and be increased to about 5.45 and 7.89 kW/ha by 2022 and 2030,respectively.

Rice–wheat is the major cropping system of this region. Due to fast depletion in water table anddecline in soil fertility, area under paddy needs to be reduced and replaced by other crops such aspulses, oilseeds, maize, fruits and vegetables. Top priority should be accorded to introduceprecision equipment for proper placement of inputs, to cut down the losses at different stages andto reduce cost of operation.

Adoption of efficient seedbed equipment including rotavators, conservation tillage technologies(zero-till drills, strip-till drills, roto-drills, till-plant machines, raised bed planters, ridger, seederetc.) together with precision drills and planters (pneumatic drill/planters and transplanters) forpaddy and different vegetable crops need to be introduced. Presently transplanting and plantingmechanization for paddy, sugarcane and cotton crops is at fairly low level. Suitable machinesneed to be developed and introduced.

Power operated weeders (both self-propelled and tractor operated) for narrow and wider rowcrops need to be introduced and popularized. High clearance tractors with narrow tyres arerequired to be introduced for intercultural operations. Efficient plant protection equipmentespecially aero-blast sprayers for orchards and electro-static sprayers for field crops need to bedeveloped and introduced for maximum economy in spraying and for better deposition ofchemicals.

Harvesting for most of the crops grown in this region with the exception of wheat, paddy andpotato is still done with sickles. Harvesting of wheat and paddy is highly mechanized in this

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region. Reapers, combines and diggers are available. However, combines and harvesters forother crops (Sorghum, pearl millets, maize, pulses, oil seeds, sugarcane, cotton, safflowers,sunflowers, castor, etc) need to be introduced and popularized for time, cost and loss reduction aswell as quality upgradation.

Threshers for new crops such as pigeon pea, safflower, etc need to be developed andpopularized. Equipment for laying plastic mulch, low plastic tunnels for cultivation ofvegetables, cut flowers need to be introduced and popularized.

Green house technology has good scope for growing seedlings, flowers, high value off-seasonvegetables and some fruit crops. This technology need to be promoted as a part of diversificationefforts. Equipment for mechanization of cultivation in green houses need to be introduced andpopularized. R&D efforts in this area need to be intensified. In view of the large population ofmilch cattle and draft animals, it is necessary to introduce appropriate farm equipment forseeding, harvesting, baling, silage making, and machinery for making feed blocks and pallets.

Equipment for harvesting, collection, densification, fortification, handling and transport of cropresidues are required to be introduced in adequate numbers for making efficient utilization ofstraw and other crop residues which are available in large quantity in this region. Paddy strawwhich is presently burnt and causes environmental pollution can be gainfully utilized for powergeneration and allied usages. Management of paddy straw is no doubt a burning problem for thisregion.

In view of the highest per hectare use of pesticides in this region, utmost emphasis needs to belaid on integrated pest management and organic farming. Hence the demand for good qualitymanure and compost is fast increasing. Equipment for handling, transport and application ofmanure and compost including biogas slurry are required. Such equipment need to be designedand introduced in adequate numbers.

Grain handling operations in the Grain Markets are quite labour, time and cost intensive.Resultantly these lead to excessive loss and low quality. Hence, mechanization of Grain Marketsboth for cereal crops as well as for vegetables and fruits is of critical importance for this region.

Rajasthan

SWOT analysis of the western dry region of Rajasthan invariably leads to the conclusion thatunless the risk in crop production is reduced, the scope for development will remain highlyrestricted. The single most important factor for reducing the risk is soil moisture management.Further expansion of traditional irrigation characterized by low water productivity will not befeasible in the region with its limited surface and ground water resources. Conservation of soilmoisture, use of precision irrigation to achieve highest possible water productivity and use of the

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limited water resource for high value crops are the pre-requisites to open the way for thedevelopment of region’s agriculture.

Availability of adequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should beincreased from the present level of about 1.37 kW/ ha to about 1.69 and 2.70 kW/ha by 2022 &2030, respectively to complete all the agricultural operations in time.

Because of the low water requirement and the ability to withstand drought condition, Coarsecereal, will continue to dominate crop production in the rainfed areas of the region. Equipmentand machinery for planting some of the coarse cereals like pearl millet, their harvesting andthreshing should be adopted and popularized.

Technology for deep placement of seeds to make use of the receding soil moisture for propergermination is necessary. Techniques and equipment to achieve deep placement without creatingexcessive resistance to seedling emergence are now available. These techniques should beutilized to achieve good establishment of irrigated crops like cotton.

For quick land preparation and scientific planting of the various coarse cereals and other non-irrigated kharif crops under rainfed conditions, sufficient power and matching equipment shouldbe available to the farmers of the region to make best use of soil moisture for crop establishment,before the top layer of soil gets dry.

To reduce the risk of crop failure, mixed cropping will remain a necessity. Therefore, equipmentfor planting, interculture and harvesting of mixed crops should adopted and made available.Equipment for deep tillage to increase moisture intake should be introduced.

For timely farm operations, reduction in cost of operations and saving energy in tillage andsowing/planting/transplanting operations, large scale adoption of rotavators and promotion ofprecision drills, planters and transplanters for all crops should be promoted and given highpriorities in the central plateau region of Rajasthan. Subsoilers and equipment for deep tillage forbreaking hardpan and eradication of kans and other perennial weeds should be introduced in thezone.

Presently harvesting is done mostly by using sickles. Combines and harvesters for almost allcrops like sorghum, pearl millets, maize, pulses, oil seeds, sugarcane, cotton, safflowers,sunflowers, castor etc., will have to be introduced and popularized for timely harvesting.

Threshing of wheat, rice, sorghum, some pulses and oil seeds crops are fairly mechanized.Threshing of other crops – pigeon pea, safflower, sunflower etc. are to be introduced andpopularized. In future, emphasis should be given on popularization of high capacity, energyefficient, multi-crop threshers.

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Use of micro irrigation and covered cultivation will allow most productive use of the limitedwater resources of the region. Specialized equipment including animal drawn and powerequipment should be made available for large scale cultivation of the horticultural crops. For thispurpose equipment for forming raised beds, planting and transplanting of vegetables and otherhigh value crops, crop care, harvesting, etc. should be provided.

Biomass productivity in this region is low due to deficient soil moisture. The farmers take care toconserve all crop residues which can be fed to the cattle. However, with the introduction ofcombines, collection, of wheat straw from the combined harvested fields presents a problem.Now-a-days, combine harvesters along with the option to recover the straw are available whichshould be adopted and popularized. Straw combines should also be adopted in a big way torecover wheat straw and other crop residues for animal feeding.

Large scale production of vegetables and other high value crops will require facilities forplanting, grading, primary processing and cold storage of the produce. Proper equipment forthese operations and Cold chains should be provided in the production catchments to ensure sothat the farmers do not suffer loss of their produce in quantity or quality.

Tamil Nadu

Availability of adequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should beincreased from the present level of about 2.91 kW/ha to about 3.72 and 6.46 kW/ha in 2022 and2030, respectively for enhanced productivity and income of the farmers. The future requirementsof the State are:

Selective mechanization of rainfed farming areas in the zone to achieve timeliness intillage and sowing operations to utilise the soil moisture effectively.

To increase power availability in the entire zone to meet additional demand for power forincreasing production and productivity.

To provide ergonomically improved tools and gadgets in farming operations to reduce thedrudgery of human labour and to provide better environment for agricultural labour forhigher work efficiency.

To fully mechanise the irrigated agriculture with precision equipment and state-of-arttechnologies for increased productivity through higher yields, reduced field losses andincreased income of the farmers.

To provide women friendly agricultural tools and equipment for women labour. To introduce mechanization in horticultural crops. To promote surface covered and protected crop cultivation.

To modernize rice milling technologies in small and medium mills for higher recovery atreduced cost.

To introduce straw management technologies.

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To establish farm mechanization clinics and primary processing centres in rural areas togenerate more employment for rural youth and to increase the income of farms.

To develop Bio-Energy Parks for utilisation of plant residues, bio-fuels. To encourage entrepreneurs/small industries to take up manufacture of farm equipment

suitable for this zone.

To take up massive adoption programmes for mechanization through Front LineDemonstration and other aggressive ToT programmes by through special Mission ModeProjects.

Telangana

Availability of adequate farm power for mobile and stationary farm operations should beincreased from the present level of about 2.89 kW/ha to about 3.51 and 5.50 kW/ha in 2022 and2030, respectively for enhanced productivity and income of the farmers.

The productivity of the important crops has to be considerably improved and precision & hightech equipment for handling all the high tech inputs in the field has to be adopted on priority.For achieving timeliness in all the field operations, saving in the cost of operation and energyrequired, improved tillage equipment like rotavators, moisture conservation tillage tools,precision seed drills and planters for all the major crops in this region needs to be adopted.

Thrust needs to be given to adopt multi crop equipment like medium range multicrop axial flowthresher for rainfed crops, multicrop reapers, power weeders and roto-tillers suitable for eacharea by bring about design improvement to suit the crops in that locality.

Shallow puddling may be advocated for mechanization of seeding/transplanting and improvedpuddlers. Power tiller operated rotavators are recommended. Land levelling equipment may bepromoted which would help in maximizing water use efficiency. Direct seeding of paddy both inlow lands and dry uplands with drum seeders may be popularized. Manual and power operatedtransplanters may be promoted.


Sugarcane cutter planter (tractor drawn) and sugarcane harvester may be introduced undercustom hiring schemes through the sugar mills in this zone. Power weeders for interculturaloperations and earthing up equipment may also be introduced. Tractor drawn groundnutharvester and groundnut wet pod thresher needs to be popularized. Power weeders forintercultural operations and standard/improved spraying equipment for plant protectionoperations may be popularized for adoption in cotton crop.

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For increased production and productivity, water conservation, storage and managementpractices will have to be improvised with appropriate technologies including precision landlevelling and micro irrigation methods.

Mechanization in orchard crops for various operations including pruning, spraying for tall treecrops, fruit harvesting etc. need to be identified, developed and popularised.


Efficient post harvest equipment and technology will be needed for various unit operations likecleaning, grading, drying, cooling, evaporative cooling, storage, cold storage and handling offarm produce to improve their quality and shelf life.

Uttar Pradesh

Farm power availability needs to be increased from the present level of about 2.84 kW/ha (2017)to about 3.49 and 6.12 kW/ha in 2022 and 2030, respectively in the state of Uttar Pradesh forenhanced production and productivity.

For timely farm operations, reduction in cost of operations and saving energy in tillage andsowing/planting/transplanting operations, large scale adoption of rotavators, conservation tillagetechnologies (promotion of zero till drills, strip till drills, roto-drills, till-plant machines, raisedbed planters, ridger seeder etc.) and promotion of precision drills, planters and transplanters forall crops should be promoted and given high priorities. Presently mechanization of ricetransplanting and planting of sugarcane, cotton and many other crops is at very low level.Suitable machines will have to be introduced and popularized

Power operated weeders for narrow and wider row crops will have to be introduced andpopularized. High clearance tractors with narrow tyres will be required to be introduced forintercultural operations. Aero blast sprayers, orchard sprayers and electrostatic- sprayingequipment will be required to be introduced for proper spraying in field and tall crops/orchardsand for better deposition of chemicals.

Presently harvesting is done mostly by using sickles. Combines and harvesters for almost allcrops. (sorghum, pearl millets, maize, pulses, oil seeds, sugarcane, cotton, safflowers,sunflowers, castor, etc.) will have to be introduced and popularized for timely harvesting.

Threshing of wheat, rice, sorghum, some pulses and oil seeds crops are fairly mechanized.Threshing of other crops—pigeon pea, safflower, sunflower etc. are to be introduced and

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popularized. In future emphasis should be given on popularization of high capacity, energyefficient, multi crop threshers.

For increasing production and productivity more water will be required. Water managementpractices for conservation, storage, reducing conveyance losses through lining of channels anduse of plastic pipes etc., economic application through precise land levelling and use ofsprinklers and drip irrigation systems to economise in water requirement, should be given highpriority. For making farm ponds, bunds, farm roads, drainage channels etc. power operatedtrenchers, angle dozers, drudgers, buck scrapers and other earth moving machinery will berequired to be introduced on large scale.

Equipments for mechanization of orchard crops - pit making, transplanting of saplings, pruning,spraying in tall crops, harvesting of fruits etc. need to be identified/ imported/designed,introduced and popularized. Vegetable crop production has to be mechanized for which full setof equipment from seedbed preparation, planting, transplanting of seedlings, inter culture,irrigation, spraying harvesting, picking/digging has to be identified/designed and introduced.

Equipment for harvesting, retrieval, densification fortification, handling and transport of cropresidues will be required to be introduced in large numbers for making best utilization of strawand other crop residues for feed, fodder and energy. For organic farming demand of good qualitymanure will increase. Equipment for handling, transport and application of manure in the field,in liquid and solid forms, will be required. Such equipment will be required to be imported/designed and introduced on large scale.


Uttarakhand

Farm power availability needs to be increased from the present level of about 2.64 kW/ha(2017) to about 3.32 and 5.58 kW/ha in 2022 and 2030, respectively in the state of Uttarakhandfor enhanced production and productivity.

Rice–wheat cropping system has potential to provide food and feed security in the region hencepriorities should be given to these crops by adopting improved varieties along withrecommended package of practices and equipment. For secure rice-wheat rotation, short durationcold tolerant rice and wheat varieties and hybrids are needed.

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For stationary operations like water lifting, threshing, chaff cutting, cane crushing, cleaning,grading and other agro-processing and value addition activities, adequate electrical energy isessential and it should be provided. Extra light power tillers, hill-side tractors, efficient poweroperated tools and implements for horticultural crops should be procured and evaluated foradoption.

Improved harvesting equipment like serrated sickles, fruit pluckers, vertical conveyor reapersand combine harvester should be introduced. To overcome drudgery in threshing and cleaningof cereals, pulses and oilseeds appropriate power threshers should be popularized

For rational use of human and animal energy, improved, efficient and ergonomically designedhand tools and matching animal operated equipment for different operations like seed bedpreparation, sowing/planting, weeding/ interculture etc. should be adopted, developed andpopularized.

In the foot hill and ‘tarai’ areas of the region conventional power operated equipment forseedbed preparation, sowing, plant protection, harvesting, threshing, combining, etc. are relevant,hence should be promoted. Predominance of small and marginal farms in the region demandswell developed custom servicing in power equipment and machinery through entrepreneurs, self-help groups and cooperatives.

Modern manual and power operated garden tools and equipment will have to be introduced andpopularized for floriculture, landscape and ornamental horticulture. Equipment for harvesting offodder crops, hay baling making silage, feed blocks, feed pallets will be required to beintroduced and popularized in future.

Agro-processing activities should be promoted in the production catchments to reduce losses,have primary processed products for local need at the least cost, transform perishables intodurable products, minimize transport cost and to increase income and employment opportunitiesin rural areas.

West Bengal

The existing level of available farm power is about 1.87 kW/ha. To enhance the croppingintensity and output of the farm sector, this level needs to be raised to 2.25 and 3.97 kW/ha by2022 and 2030, respectively by introducing power sources like, power tiller, tractors (preferablycustom hiring), electric motors, and engines. Although majority of land holdings are small andfragmented, use of manual power for some of the farm operations needs to be reduced toenhance timeliness and also to reduce drudgery. Manual operations of paddy transplanting andpotato sowing need to be mechanized with suitable power source and equipment. The State of

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West Bengal has sufficient installed and generating capacity of electric power, but its availabilityin rural sector is not adequate. Emphasis on rural electrification is necessary to give boost toagro-based rural industries that would, in turn, enhance farm outputs and incomes.

Paddy is the major crop of the State. At present, most of the operations are done with manual oranimal power. In order to increase productivity, intensity, timeliness of operations and alsoreduce human drudgery, improved implements and machinery must be introduced. Animal-operated helical blade puddlers, drum type pre-germinated paddy seeders, manually-operated 6-row transplanters, manual/motorized threshers must be introduced on large scale. These will beuseful to enhance the quality and output of work.

Selective introduction of self propelled paddy transplanter, power weeders and combineharvesters needs to be done in the agriculturally advanced districts of West Bengal like Nadia,North twenty four parganas, Hoogly etc. Since paddy is grown on large area, management ofpaddy crop residue is necessary to generate additional income from the farm. Equipment forharvesting, densification and transport of crop residues will be required for feed, fodder andenergy.

Potato is also an important crop not only for nutrition but also for the income of farmers.Equipment for all the operations of potato production are commercially available and should beselectively introduced for higher productivity. Animal-drawn and tractor drawn potato planters,diggers and graders need to given priority for large scale adoption.

Introduction of cultivators, harrows, rotavators, seed drills, harvesters and threshers is requiredon large scale for mechanization of critical operations in wheat crop. Rotavators, precisionseeders/planters, efficient sprayers, weeders, and diggers/harvesters are required for vegetablecrops.

The region has huge potential of producing horticultural crops which can be realized bydeveloping agro and food processing industries in the production catchments. For orchards, pitmakers, pruning tools, air-assisted sprayers for tall trees are required.

Some parts in the region especially near big cities can be developed for introducing greenhousetechnology for growing high quality vegetables and flowers for which niche markets areavailable in these cities. In fact, climatic advantages in some parts of the region favour use ofgreenhouse technology for producing export-oriented flowers and vegetables.

Equipment for harvesting fodder crops, silage making, compressed feed blocks will be requiredfor introduction and popularization. This technology is useful in reducing the transport costs ofshifting fodder and feed from surplus areas to deficit areas.

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In order to increase the farm income and reduce losses, it would be necessary to introducetechnologies for on-farm value addition of different produces. This would go a long way indeveloping catchments based agro-industries for enhanced incomes of rural sector.

Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland,Sikkim, Tripura

Largely the agricultural operations in Eastern Himalayan region is still traditional one and arelabour intensive and performed manually. Though existing tools evolved locally perform wellbut they give low output and involve excessive drudgery. Use of mechanical power is verylimited. There is need to introduce improved farm equipment in the existing farming systems inselective manner and improve their availability. Tractors and power tillers are already in greatdemand in Manipur and Assam. With proper soil moisture conservation and some irrigation thisregion can produce most rabi crops because of its mild winter and freedom from floods.

The North Eastern Hills region should progressively adopt to power farming for timeliness andprecision in field operations to increase agricultural productivity and reduce costs throughefficient use of costly inputs of seed, fertilizer, plant protection chemicals, water, machinery etc.as well as conservation of natural resources.

Farm Power Availability (kW/ha)States 16-17 2022* 2030*Arunachal Pradesh 0.46 0.69 1.57Assam 0.99 1.18 1.97Manipur 0.50 0.77 1.39Meghalaya 0.29 0.47 0.75Mizoram 0.48 0.80 2.19Nagaland 0.50 0.65 1.13Sikkim 0.53 0.84 1.61Tripura 1.32 1.79 3.48All India Average 2.03 2.50 4.00

* Estimated requirement of farm power

For increasing cropping intensity, availability of farm power for mobile and stationary farmoperations needs to be increased substantially. The farm power availability in most of the northeastern states is far less than the national average. Leaving Assam and Tripura whose farm poweravailability is approximately 50 per cent of the national average, all the remaining states haveless than 25% of the national average. During 2014-17, an amount of Rs.35 crores has been spentfor increasing the mechanization level under SMAM. Still, lot of efforts needs to be done so thatthe farm power availability and productivity of the north eastern states are at par with thenational average.

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Rice–wheat cropping system is a strong proposition to provide food and feed security in theregion, hence priorities should be given to these crops by adopting improved varieties, highdoses of fertilizers and precision equipment for proper placement of inputs. Periodic use of sub-soiler and equipment for deep tillage for breaking hardpan and eradication of perennial weeds isdesirable.

For efficiency and economy in tillage and sowing/ planting/transplanting operations, large scaleadoption of rotavators, conservation tillage technologies (zero till drills, strip till drills, roto-drills, till-plant machines, raised bed planters, ridger seeder etc.) and promotion of precisiondrills, planters and transplanters should be given high priorities. For timely and efficient plantprotection, Aeroblast sprayers, orchard sprayers and electro-static spraying equipment arerequired to be introduced. Improved harvesting equipment like serrated sickles, fruit pluckers,vertical conveyor reaper and combines should be introduced.

To overcome drudgery in threshing of wheat, rice, millets, pulses and oil seeds crops, powerthreshers should be popularized. For increasing production and productivity rain waterharvesting, conservation, storage, efficient conveyance and applications use of plastic pipes,laser land leveling and use of sprinklers and drip irrigation systems should be intensivelypromoted. Power operated trenchers, angle dozers, drudgers, buck scrapers and other earthmoving machinery should be introduced for making farm ponds, bunds, farm roads, drainagechannels etc.

For rational use of human and animal energy, improved, efficient and ergonomically designedhand tools and matching animal operated equipment for different operations like seed bedpreparation, sowing/planting, weeding/ interculture etc. should be promoted and popularized.Improved animal drawn equipment for preparing puddled seedbed, power tillers, rotavators andlight harvesting machines for paddy should be introduced through demonstration and financialincentives.

For fruit crops mechanization equipment for pit making, transplanting of saplings, pruning,spraying in tall crops, harvesting of fruits etc. need to be identified/imported/designed,introduced and popularized. For vegetable crop mechanization equipment for seed-bedpreparation, planting, transplanting of seedlings, interculture, irrigation, spraying,picking/digging has to be identified/designed and introduced.

Modern manual and power operated garden tools and equipment will have to be introduced andpopularized for floriculture, landscape and ornamental horticulture. Plasticulture has good scopein the region demanding intensive R&D and extension efforts especially in greenhouses, low andhigh tunnels, plastic mulching, micro irrigation etc.

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To support organic farming equipment for mechanized composting, green manuring, brushcuttor for weed control, handling, transport and application of manure in the field in liquid andsolid forms will be required. Such equipment will be required to be imported/ designed andintroduced.

Post harvest equipment and technology are needed for cleaning, grading, drying, cooling,evaporative cooling, storage, cold storage and handling of farm produce to improve their qualityand shelf-life. Cold chains for transport of perishable products like fruits, vegetables, milk andmilk products, fish, meat etc. are needed to reduce losses and meet customer requirements.

Agro-processing activities should be promoted in the production catchments to reduce losses, tohave primary processed products for local use, minimize transport cost and to increase incomeand employment opportunities in rural areas. Considering the transport distances between theregion and the rest of the Country, transit storage facilities should be created in the region forhorticultural products. The harvest of both ‘Ahush’ and ‘Sali’ crops of paddy is done in wetseason. This requires extensive facilities for paddy drying to prevent qualitative damages.

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5.3. Region Specific Farm Machinery Requirement

Central Region-

The following farm machinery found to be region specific suiting to the cropping pattern ofthe central region of India. The central region dominates in term of soybean-paddy duringkharif and wheat- mustard-gram during winter season.

(i) Reversible plough-The two bottom mould board reversible plough is very popularand highly adopted in the heavy soils of central region. The ploughing depth of 6 to 8inches is achieved due to heavy weight of ploughing implement. The side by sideploughing is done in the field and dead furrow is left at one corner of the field.

(ii) Broad Bed Furrower cum Seeder- The seeder is found to be very useful in kharifseason soybean crop. The soybean is planted on raised bed minimizing the losses duetemporary impounding of water around plant stem.

(iii) Rotary assisted seed cum fertilizer drill- The placement of fertilizer and seed iscontrolled to place desired quantity there by optimizing the seed rate. This in resultreduces the cost of input and achieving the recommended seed rate.

(iv) Multi Millet Planter for Kodo, Kutki and Fox Tail Millets- It has been designed forsmaller and light seed placement for all millet crops.

(v) Potato Planter- The small and medium size potato seed is placed in the light tomedium soils. The transplanter is popular among potato growers due to largemanpower and time saving.

(vi) Paddy Thresher- The paddy thresher is sucessfully used for the threshing of onlypaddy harvest.

(vii) Multi Millet Thresher-Since small millets are cultivated in rainfed areas of centralregion. The multi millet thresher is designed with proper adjustment for all smallmillet crops.

(viii) Pre emergence herbicides strip applicator cum planter – This equipment is designedto restrict the use of herbicides all along the planting rows only. But weeds growingbetween two rows are removed mechanically by manual weeder.

Southern Region-

The following farm machinery found to be region specific suiting to the cropping pattern ofthe Southern region of India. The region dominates in term of paddy, Maize and milletsduring kharif and pulses- oil seeds during winter season.

i. Power Tillers- In small land holdings with paddy dominated cropping pattern, Powertillers are ideally suited to accomplish timely field operations and promote cropproduction.

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ii. Paddy Transplanters- Through the machine is used successfully on limited scale inisolated pockets. But it needs to be popularized in paddy dominant cropping pattern.

iii. Coconut Climbers- The devise is very helpful to harvest the coconut crop. It is usedsuccessfully in the state of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and costal Karnataka. But its needs tobe popularized to ensure its penetration evenly as its helps in drudgery reduction.

iv. Power Operated Auger- Presently by and large pits making is done manually, whichcauses fatigue and drudgery for women farm labour. Power Operated Auger has aspecial requirement in the region being used for making pits for Banana, coconut andother plantation crops.

Northern Region-

i. Pneumatic Seed Drillii. Potato Plantersiii. Potato Diggersiv. Multi crop threshers.

Western Region-

i. Cotton Plantersii. Cotton Pickers

North Eastern Region

i. Bush Cutter- To control heavy growth of weeds in high rainfall area.ii. Power Tillers- In undulating topography and paddy growing areas of all NE States.iii. Paddy Transplanters- Though the machine is used successfully on limited scale in

isolated pockets. But it needs to be popularized in paddy dominant cropping patternspecially Tripura and Assam. The training for graining net nursery should beimproved to farmers.

iv. Small Tractors- Below 25 HP suited for low lands with gently sloping topography.

The State wise and Crop wise Farm Machinery suggested for Promotion andPopularization is shown at Annexure-E

Training facilities- Presently about 5 lakh tractors and 20,000 combines are sold per yearbut the training facility is limited to 25,000 candidates per annum through four FMTTIs.There is a large gap in terms of training infrastructure available and requirement foragriculture machinery. The trained and skilled manpower will help in improving efficiencyof farm equipments and regular maintenance in remote areas. The suggested 22 new FMTTIswill help in bridging the gap in terms of training needs.

CHAPTER-6

SUB - MISSION ON AGRICULTURE MECHANIZATION

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Component 1 - Demonstration of Agriculture Equipment’s

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Component 1 - Testing of Agriculture Equipments

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Component 1 - Training Programme

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Component 3 - Financial Assistance On Farm Implements/

Equipment’s

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Component 4,5,6 - Custom Hiring, Hi-tech hub & Village Farm

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Component 8 - Promotion of farm machinery and Equipment’s in

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Component 1: Application List For Agriculture Equipment Testing

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Component 4,5,6 - Application List For Custom Hiring

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Component 8 - Promotion of Farm Machinery and Equipment’s In North-Eastern

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Component 1: Agriculture Equipment’s Demonstration List

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CHAPTER-7

Sub-Mission on Agriculture MechanizationComponents wise Recommendations

A. Promotion and Strengthening of Agricultural Mechanization

Observations Recommendations

1.Promotion and Strengthening of Agricultural Mechanization through Training,

Testing and Demonstration

a) TrainingTraining is the vital component inpromotion of mechanisation. As per theresponse collected from the beneficiaries oftraining programme, 99.6 % have reportedimprovement in their skill, 70.3 % showntheir satisfaction regarding course contentsand 77.2 % reported that the training wasuseful & relevant.

In view of the feedback of the trainees,the training program undertaken isquite useful. Thus, training has playedvital role in promotion of agriculturalmechanisation. However, there is aneed to revise duration of trainingprogramme for ITI student, user leveltraining programme, Need basedprogramme and other programmes asper prevailing conditions taking intoconsideration for employment or tostart workshop or self-employment etc.effectively with confidence.

The study indicated that trainees mostlywere from surrounding area ofFMTTIs. The aspirants from far-awayplaces remained deprived in gettingtraining from far-away institutes. Thus,there is a need to establish newFMTTIs in various states.

The feedback from trainees about admission intraining programme indicated that only 13.2% ofthem got information from State Agriculturedepartment and remaining from other sources.

.

There is a need for wider publicity ofthe training programme and motivationof farmers and rural youth to jointrainings on farm mechanization. Theextension wing of State AgricultureDepartments can play an important rolein this regard.

Training literature (course wise) shouldalso be prepared and given to eachtrainee for future reference.

About 5.4% to 18.1% trainees expresseddissatisfaction about Library, hostel, canteen and

The ATM and fair price daily needshop need to be arranged in FMTTIs as

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medical facilities. The cleanliness is lacking inHostel and canteens. Cooks and mess staff is nottrained.

they are located in secluded places.Only trained cooks and canteen staffneed to be employed in FMTTIs.

b) TestingTesting is another component which alsocontributes to the promotion and strengthening ofagricultural mechanisation programme. During theperiod under study, 3621 nos. of different types ofmachines were tested by the various testinginstitutes. It helped 10.1% increase in sale, 17.0%manufacturers used for product improvement,14.5% used for commercial use.

The testing program needs to beaccelerated further in view of itsdemand, importance in manufacturingof quality machines and in makingthem available to the farmingcommunity. Thus more FMTTIS areneeded.

Some of the designated testing Institutes like RAUPusa, IARI Delhi & IIT Kharagpur are notperforming well. Some testing centres needaccreditation for testing of additional equipment.

There is a need to take correctivemeasures in RAU Pusa, IARI Delhi andIIT Kharagpur in order to perform tothe satisfactory level.

Testing facilities for newly developedmachines such as Laser Leveler,Pneumatic Seed Drill, SubmersiblePumps and other hi-tech machinery isrequired for which budget underSMAM may be provided to PAULudhiana centre.

Test codes of various agril. machineryare very old and are not matching withthe present scenario. Therefore, there isa need to review the old codes as wellas develop new code for the newlydeveloped machines at BIS level.

There is a need to upgrade safetystandards for tractor and combineharvester operators. Ergonomicparameters such as ROPS, dust particleintake, seat comfort, etc. Should alsobe included in testing code/standardsfrom health point of view.

Soil bin and calibration module shouldbe developed in each testing centre inorder to have uniformity of testingconditions for assessment of wear ofcomponents of agricultural machinessuch as soil engaging tools likerotavator blade, cultivatorsweep/shovel, etc.

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Citizen charter should be approved tospeed up the testing activitiesefficiently at all testing Institutes.Plant protection lab as per test code isready for testing of PP equipments atPAU, Ludhiana and CCSHAU, Hisarbut waiting for inspection by theministry which needs to be expedited.

It is observed that there is a appreciableinflow of boom type sprayer atJunagarh Testing Centre. Therefore,there is a need to include testing ofboom type sprayer in the PP lab ofJunagarh Testing Centre.

c) DemonstrationsDuring the period of study, about 14,953demonstrations were conducted in different states.The demonstrations are very important means todisplay the functioning of the machine and winningthe confidence of the user which ultimately leadsto adoption by users. But the adoption level oftechnology was found to be >50% in only 10.8%farmers, 20 to 50 % in 34 % farmers and 10 to 20% in 39.6% farmers. No adoption was found in15.8 % farmers.

More funds need to be allocated underdemonstration component toaccelerate the pace of mechanization.

PAU Ludhiana intends to takeDemonstration scheme for popularizationof newly developed Agril. Machinery suchas Happy Seeder (as replacement of zeroseed drill), Combine Harvester with rearmounted chopper attachment to controlpollution from burning of paddy strawwhich has become a major issue. Thiscentre needs budget under Demo scheme ofSMAM.

Based on the analysis of the responses collectedabout the source of the use of machine, it wasfound that majority of them 39.1 % learned it fromneighbours, 22.5 % learned from the demonstrationprovided by the manufacturer, 23.2 % learnedbased on their knowledge and experience and restof them learned from the manual provided alongwith the machine.

Purchase of region specific machinery/Implements should be permitted fordemonstration suiting to the specificagro-climatic conditions and croppingpattern. This will promote farmmechanization at a faster pace.

2. Establishment of Farm Machinery Banks and Custom Hiring centres:

With the objectives of Promoting andStrengthening of mechanization in districts havinglow farm power availability and to provide hiringservices of various agricultural machinery, 1353nos. of Custom Hiring Centres (CHC) and 953 nos.of Farm Machinery Banks (FMB) were establishedin different States with the financial assistance ofRs. 4 lakh to Rs.24 lakhs during the period 2014-17 under SMAM.The States like Tamil Nadu, Orissa and UP were

Most of the FMBs and CHCs are doinggood business and earning profit, and thus,it has helped in creating employmentopportunity in the rural areas. Thus, thereis a need to enhance the target of customhiring centers substantially in order toaccelerate the pace of mechanization toevery region of the country.

The qualification of entrepreneurs whowant to establish custom hiring centre

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the front runners in establishing the CHCs andhave established 409, 250 & 210 CHCs,respectively. On the other hand, advanced state inmechanization like Haryana had remained reluctantin establishing CHCs.

should be lowered to 10th standard, so thatrural employment can be generated andagriculture production can be enhanced.A maximum 50% subsidy beadministered against the unit cost for acustom hiring centre ranged betweenRs 10 L to Rs 60 Lakh to meet therequirement of region specific hi-techmachines, which needs popularization.The enhanced 50% subsidy limit willmake the enterprise more economicallyviable.

The proposal of custom hiring centreshould include both the components i.e.farm mechanization and value additioncentres.

The study indicated that 58.1 % centres havesufficient repair and maintenance facilitiesavailable in the nearby towns/ cities, while 34.5 %centres reported that it was easily manageable.However, 7.4 % complained that it took longerdown time to put back the machinery in workingposition. The in-depth analysis of those 7.4 %complainant revealed that they lacked experienceand technical man-power.

Training needs to be organized for thenew entrepreneurs of FMB/CHCespecially on records, keeping,operational procedures, maintenance,and minor repairs of machines.

Analysis revealed that 62.3% CHC are ruralenterprises. Moreover category wise are 51%OBC, 9% SC, 5% ST & 35% general. It wasobserved that the office records pertaining to thetype of field operations done, villages and area offield operations, rates charged, income generated,expenses incurred and record of customer/beneficiary are not being maintained by themajority of owner of respective CHC and FMB.

Office records pertaining to the type offield operations done, log book,villages and area/type of fieldoperations, rates charged, income andrecord of customer/ beneficiary shouldbe maintained by the CHC and FMB.Thus training to enteprenuser isessential on record keeping andmaintenance of account.

There is no system of feedback reporting to thedepartment of agriculture officers/officials aboutthe operation of centre. The study indicated that50.2% CHC were getting customers by word ofmouth through friends or relatives, 18.9% throughadvertisement, 24.8% through Agri. Deptt. Furtherit has been observed that 6.1% CHC have 5technical person, 38.7% have two person and31.8% have only one person. The literacy levelshows that 4.1% were illiterate, 21.4% undermetric.

Custom hiring centres should beestablished & monitored through on-line system, right from receipt ofapplications to release of subsidy. Therelevant records and annual reportsshould also be made available to thenodal agency by the entrepreneurs foreffective monitoring.

Booking of custom hiring implements/machines should be made through tollfree number or Mobile based App on

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first come first serve basis. E-KissanSarthi App has been recently launchedby the Directorate of AgricultureEngineering, Bhopal which facilitatesall interested farmers in getting donethe field operations in time.Trained skilled manpower fromFMT&TI or any other reputed Instituteor company should be employed byCHC, FMB and Hi-Tech hubs forspecialized farm operations.

In addition to PSU Banks, PrivateBanks, NBFCs approved by RBIshould also be allowed as per interestrate equivalent to nationalized banksfor Agriculture under back endedsubsidy distribution under SMAM.

Machinery for all farm operationsshould be included under custom hiringscheme. The maximum Subsidy incustom hiring centers should beenhanced 50 % .

For the purpose of straw managementand to avoid straw burning, inclusion ofReaper cum Binder in the set ofequipments of FMB/CHC may beconsidered.

The CHCs should expand their businessactivities in to primary processing andagriculture marketing. This will enablethe centres to benefit the members byearning remunerative prices of theirfarm produce.

The Nodal Officers of the statesshould ensure the visits from stateagriculture department officers/officials with reference tosupervision or guidance toFMB/CHC operators specificallywith regard to proper functioning,operations and maintenance ofrecords.

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3. Financial Assistance for Procurement of Agriculture Machinery and Equipment

The data reveals that 71.3% of the beneficiarieswere not using any type of implement before thepurchase of implements under SMAM. Rest ofthem were getting the implement from relatives(13.28%), on custom hiring basis (5.97%),remaining by animal power or by other means.

The opinion of the beneficiaries about thesubsidy program was found to very good. About83 % of the beneficiaries have rated the conditionof machines to be good/very good, 67.8 % reportedthat the machines had safety symbols, 87 %reported that no accidents occurred while workingwith the machines, about 76 % of them reportedeasy availability of the spare parts & repair facilityof the machine, and 80 % of the beneficiariesreported that the machine supplied were useful.

Land holding pattern of the beneficiaries revealedthat 58 % beneficiaries were owner of the land and42 % had land on lease .

It was observed that 71 % of the beneficiariesarranged the money for the purchase of implementon their own, 24 % from their friends or relativesand 5 % by availing bank loan. No farmer hadopted for the financer.

Presently subsidy is given on theimplement which is tested by anyauthorized govt. testing institute. Butthere is no quality control, asmanufacturer can supply differentquality which may not adhere to testedsample. Therefore, there is a need tohave random inspection of sampleduring the supply of implements/machines under subsidy programme.Besides Machines/Implements costingabove Rs 50,000/- should have date ofmanufacturing/serial no./make/modeli.e. suitable identification code in orderto control the quality. The equipmentshould carry two years warranty forensuring satisfactory services.

There is a need to have online ratecontract system for various implementsat State headquarter level. Priorityshould be given for region specificnewly developed hi-tech machinesbased on the recommendations of theresearch institutes.

To save crops in rainfed areas undermoisture stress condition, solaroperated Micro Irrigation Applicatorshould be promoted on subsidy @ 50 %to the farmers. The machine will behelpful in promoting small commercialforming even on leased land for Hi-techvegetable cultivation, floriculture,horticulture etc,. This will also help inemployment generation for rural youth.

The pattern of financial assistance the farmers gotfor the procurement of different machineryindicated that 32% got financial assistance in therange of 31-40 %, whereas 27 % farmers gotfinancial assistance in the range of 21-30 % and 22% farmers in 41-50 % subsidy range.

There is a need to give wide publicityof Sub Mission on AgricultureMechanization (SMAM) by agricultureextension wing like car loan, home loanetc.

About 32 % of the beneficiaries informed that theprice of machine which was available on subsidyin comparison to the machine which was availablein open market was same, whereas 21.1 % felt that

Price negotiations after inviting tendersshould be stopped as it leads tomalpractices. Manufacturers shouldkeep their price fixed like the Apple,

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the price of the machine which was provided onsubsidy remained on higher side.

Samsung etc.

Time taken for release of subsidy amount indicatesthat 45 % of the beneficiaries received the subsidyamount within a duration of 2-4 months, 38% ofthem got the subsidy within two months period.Rest of them, got subsidy amount in more thanfour months.Majority of the beneficiaries 49 % termed theprocess of getting subsidy as ‘moderately easy’,whereas some 38% of them reported it as ‘easy’and 13 % termed it as ‘very easy’.

Regarding paper work involved in getting subsidy,59% of them said that it was ‘normal’, whereas32% reported it as ‘too much’. Just 9 % of them,opined that the paperwork was ‘short’. 63 % of thebeneficiaries reported that they had faced multipleproblems, while receiving the subsidy amount.71.3 % of the beneficiaries were not using theimplement in any form before this facility.

The survey of the beneficiaries revealed that 62.4% of the machines owned by them were in goodcondition, 20.7 % in very good condition, 12.1 %in average condition and rest of them were in poorcondition. 80 % of the beneficiaries reported thatthe machine was ‘useful’, whereas 19 % reportedit to be ‘very useful’.

There were safety symbols on the 67.8 % of themachines. Considering overall performance of themachine, 24.8 %, 65.0 %, 5.5 % and 4.7 % of themwere rated as very good, good, average and poor,respectively. Most of the beneficiaries (87 %)reported that no accidents occurred while workingwith the machines.

About 76 % of them reported easy availability ofthe spare parts of the machine and operationalawareness before availing the machine underSMAM.

Availability of local mechanics for machine repairwas categorised in four category: very good, good,average and poor which was found to be 11.6 %,63.5 %, 19.9 % and 4.9 %, respectively.

Training should be made compulsoryfor deciding eligibility of a farmer foravailing subsidy for implements /machine costing Rs.10,000/- or more.

Loan by banks should be given throughhypothecation of Tractor or machinerywhich is financed and not bymortgaging land or urban property,which is cumbersome procedure.Hypothecation should be engraved ontractor and machinery for which loanhas been given and it should be clearlywritten as 'NOT FOR SALE'.

When subsidy is sanctioned /given,from the same date loan should beapproved/ disbursed and farmer willhave to pay interest only on loancomponent and not on subsidycomponent.

All tractors provided under SMAMshould be compulsorily written as“Only for Agriculture Use”, to ensureutilization of equipment for farmingactivities.

Subsidy on high capacity auto feedthresher should be increased to 40 % ormaximum Rs. 1.5 lakhs, whichever isless. Moreover subsidy is being givenbased upon tractor hp, whereas onmany occasions, thresher is same buttractor hp is different which causesproblem to beneficiaries. Therefore,subsidy on thresher be given based onthresher capacity.

Power operated chaff cutter should beincluded in the approved list ofequipments under subsidy scheme ofSMAM.

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4. Post Harvest Technology (PHT)

Much work has not been done under thiscomponent. There is a need to take up thiscomponent in an effective manner with the States

There is a need to provide budget underSMAM for establishment of valueaddition centres for Training,Demonstration & under custom hiringschemes.There is a need to establish "FarmMandi" at village level or cluster of 3-4villages having cold storage facility andother infrastructure in about 2-3 acreland available with the gram panchayat.This will facilitate farmers to sell theirproduce at appropriate and reasonableprice, as well as, at his own will.Accordingly, farmers will not dependupon the mercy of mandi commissionagent (Aarthi). In this way, farmerproduce will attract remunerative valueand will contribute towards doublingthe income of farmers as perGovernment agenda.There is a need to establish PostHarvest Technology and CustomHiring Centres at village or cluster ofvillages level by farmers or group offarmers or entrepreneurs with a projectcost Rs. 10-20 lakhs depending uponthe local inputs and requirement ofentrepreneur. These centres will workfor cleaning, grading, drying of grains,fresh fruit & vegetable gradingmachines, rice mill, dal mill, daliaplant, besan plant, feed mill, Automaticpotato chips making machine, spicespaste making machine, Fruit juiceplant, Tomato processing plant etc.Such centres will generate employmentand local farmers will be benefittedthrough remunerative price of theirfarm produce.

B. POLICY MEASURES REQUIRED1. There should be one comprehensive National Farm Mechanization Mission, under the

Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare for better coordination and utilization ofbudget, instead of covering farm mechanization as a component of NMAET, NFSM,NMOOP, NMSA etc. This will avoid anomaly in offering incentives, duplicacy andconfusions among nodal agencies and beneficiaries. The mechanization programme

WAPCOS Ltd 7-9

under single umbrella will ensure holistic planning, effective implementation,monitoring and supervision.

2. The State of Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Tamil Nadu have implemented the SMAMat a faster pace, due to availability of large number of Agriculture and MechanicalEngineers in the department. Further, the State of TN and MP have a separateDepartment/Directorate of Agriculture Engineering. Thus, it is proposed to establishseparate Directorate of Agricultural Engineering in each State for making concertedefforts for “Mechanization Inclusion”. Mechanization Inclusion will ensuremechanization of all the crops and agro-climatic zones, as well as, all classes offarmers.

3. Each state should have a Farm Machinery manufacturing facility in a industrial park,for which the requisite infrastructure and incentives may be provided.

4. There is an urgent need to promote training and testing activities all over India forspeedy adoption of farm mechanization with the availability of quality machinery andtechnical man power to increase productivity, production and profitability of farmersand contribute towards doubling of income of farmers as per agenda of Government.It will also help to minimize drudgery and make farming a pleasant enterpriseespecially for the younger generation and for promotion of rural economy. Moreover,it has been observed that existing FMTTIs are catering the need of surroundingdistricts and people located at long distances are deprived in getting training. It istherefore suggested to open new FMT&TIs in various states as suggested below:

1 Chhattisgarh,2 Silliguri, West Bengal3 Odisha4 Maharashtra5 Rajkot, Gujarat6 Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu/ Kerala7 Guwahati, Assam (A sub-centre of NERFMT&TI)8 Motihari, Bihar9 Jabalpur, MP10 Rahuri near Pune11 Udaipur/ Jaipur/ Suratgarh, Rajasthan12 Ludhiana/ PAU, Punjab13 Hyderabad, Telangana.14 Rudrapur, Uttrakhand15 Jharkhand (Ranchi)16 Solan, Himachal Pradesh17 Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh18 Sri Adi Chunchanagiri Matt Bellur, Nagamangola Taluka, Mandya

Distt, Karnataka (150 kms from Bangalore, Sri Swami is kindenough to provide land and resources)

19 Anekal Taluka (30 km from Bangalore) where a large Govt.

WAPCOS Ltd 7-10

infrastructure is available.20 Dharwar, where WALMI, under Ministry of Water Resources, GR

& RD exists.21 College of Agriculture Engineering, Raichur, Karnataka

.

5. There is a huge shortage of staff in FMT&TIs and other testing centres approved bythe Govt. as workload has increased in view of increase in pace of mechanization,thereby more use of farm power and machinery with respect to time. Therefore,guidelines and norms may be fixed by the Govt. based upon the testing target.Accordingly new post as per requirement should be created and filled expeditiously tocope-up with the work load. In approved testing centre, at least lower staff i.e.supervisor, technician and helper may be provided from budget under SMAM. Forthem the qualification can be diploma or ITI. The salary of Testing Engineer andSenior staff can be met out from the college/university fund.

6. Kissan Seva Kendra should be established in each FMT&TI to assist farmers andusers of farm machinery. Besides, a placement cell should be established to providemanpower to agro –based industries and other allied departments as well as supply ofmanpower for the foreign assignments.

7. There is an urgent need of engineering drawing software like AutoCAD, CATIA,Solid Works etc. for the design and development of agricultural machinery and forquality improvement. But the cost of software is very high and manufacturers cannotafford. Therefore, subsidy @50% for purchase of software may be given to interestedand deserving agril. machinery manufacturers.

8. There is an urgent need to popularize technology for pollution control emitted byburning of paddy straw in the field. To solve this problem provision of strawmanagement system should be made mandatory in the existing combine harvester aswell as in future productions. The straw coming out of straw walkers of the combineharvesters is chopped out and evenly spread on the paddy field. This will enable theusage of straw for water conservation through mulching, and compost etc. as well asthe system will make a way for operation of Zero Till Seed Drill, Happy Seeder etc.directly and efficiently. The system is mounted behind the straw walker of thecombine to receive straw directly and spread evenly after cutting it in to pieces.

9. There is a need to provide 50% subsidy on the machinery for in-situ incorporation ofstraw in field;a) Zero Till Seed Drillb) Happy Seederc) Mould Board Ploughd) Reversible Ploughe) Power Harrowf) Rotavator

WAPCOS Ltd 7-11

10. There is also a need to provide 50% subsidy on following farm machineryused for straw management;

a) Stubble Shaverb) Hay Rakec) Straw Balerd) Straw Briquetting Machine

11. There is an urgent need to promote rain fed farming technology in the country formaking dry land farming a profitable and pleasant proposition in a big way as about60% of cultivable area comes under rain fed farming system. Thus, there is a need topromote and provide 50 % subsidy on Solar Operated Micro Irrigation Applicator forlife saving of crops during dry spells under rain fed farming system. This will help tosave the crops and increase production and profitability for sustainable agriculture indry land agriculture. The machine can be used anywhere as it works on solar energyand therefore, there will be no need of electricity or diesel/petrol based water pumps.

12. Farm power availability in each district should be calculated based upon census datain every five years for proper planning of farm mechanization. This programmeneeds to be included in the census schedule which may be carried out in every 5years.

13. There is a need that testing centres approved by Ministry of Agriculture should be selfsupported by adopting Self Financing system. This module has been foundsuccessful, as centre will not depend upon the University/Organization and meet theirown requirement of contingency expenditure, testing staff requirement with desiredqualification on contractual basis etc.

14. There is a need to organize one ‘Mechanization Mela’ at district level, at leastonce/twice in a year for popularization of newly developed agricultural machineryand technology. Director Agriculture of the respective states should be made nodalofficer/ responsible for this programme.

15. There is no system of exchange/transfer of new design or technology developed bythe research institutes with the manufacturers/ fabricators and feedback on therequirements of the market from the manufacturers to the research institutes. Themanufacturers use their own wisdom for innovations based on feedback of market.Thus, there is a need for organising region wise seminars/workshops of theResearchers, Extension Experts and Manufacturers for mechanization needassessment and innovation of farm machinery.

16. There is a need for dissemination of the present study findings and to circulate

observations and suggestions for the compliance through the Nodal Officers at state

level.

WAPCOS LTD A-1

Annexure-A

Study / Field Team Organization

S. NO. NAME OF EXPERT POSITION

1 Dr. J.S. Panwar Team Leader cum Farm Machinery Expert

2 Er. M.L. Mehta Agriculture Mechanization Expert

3 Er. S.P. Bansal Agriculture Mechanization Expert

4 Er. R.K. Tiwari Agriculture Mechanization Expert

5 Dr. Raj Kumar Project Economist

6 Dr. K.K. Gaur Training /Capacity Building Expert

7 Dr. K. P. S. Malik Monitoring & Evaluation Expert

8 Sh. Ravinder Singh Monitoring & Evaluation Expert

9 Sh. Jai Bhagwan Yadav MIS Cum Web Based Application Expert

10 Sh. B.K.Chauhan Data Analyst

11 Sh. Sachin Saharawat Field Study Coordinator

WAPCOS LTD B-1

Annexure-B

Blocks of beneficiaries surveyed in different states who availed subsidy for theprocurement of agricultural machinery

S.No

State Name of SampleDistrict Surveyed

Name of Sample BlockSurveyed

No. of BeneficiarySurveyed

1 AndhraPradesh

Anantpur Penuganda 289

Guntur Kothapoli 282Viskhapatnam Kotavourtla 267East Godavari Tuni 234West Godavari Tadeaualliguden 233Kadapa Pulivendual 261Prakasom Racherla 252Chittoor Yadamari 257Srikakulam Srikakulam 252

2 ArunachalPradesh

Lohit Tezu,Lathao 0

Tirap Khonsa,Lazu 0Papum Pare Balijan, Sagalee 0Tawang Mukto,Tawang 0Namsai Lathao,Namsai 0Anjaw Chaglagam,Hawai walong 0

3 Assam Barpeta Keot 0Bongaigawn Boitamari 0Baska Goreswar 0

4 Bihar Samastipur Pusa 35 Chhattisgarh Jashpur Nagar Pathalgaon 70

Sarguja Lundra 80Raigarh Dharamaigarh 65Balrampur Wadraphnagar 75Korea Manendragarh 73Surajpur Bhaiyavan 67Durg Patan 69Rajnandgaon Rajandndgon 78Mahasamund Mahasamunda 80Bilaspur Kota 66Raipur Dhorsiva 64Mungeli Mungeli 80

6 Gujarat Surat Umarpnda 195Dwarka Kuunpure 163Bharuch Valia 13Banaskanthu Iqbalgadh 188Palampur Amirgah 135Bhavnagar Sihor 146

7 HP Hamirpur Bhoranj 71

WAPCOS LTD B-2

Bilaspur Sadar 89Una Ambh 100Kangra kangra 64

8 J&K Budgam Khag,Narbal 128Srinagar Srinagar 110Bandipora Bandipora,Gurez 132Baramulla Sherpora,Yall 130

9 Karnataka Raichur Raichur,Sindhnur 147Koppal Kushtagi,Koppal 153Banglore Anekal 152Dharwad Hubli 170Bidar Indi 160Mandya Mandya 168

10 Kerala Eranakulam Kanjoor 6Kottayam Ayarkunnam 8Allapuzha Champakulan 4Palakkad Chittoor 2

11 MP Raisen Sanchi 197Vidisha Gayaraspur 198Bhopal Fanda 76Indore Mahu 35Jabalpur Saikheda 188Sehore Sehore 111Gwalior Murar 191Guna Aaron 182Bhind Gohat 199Satna Mehar 183Narsinghpur Gotegaon 189Hoshangabad Sewini 194Harda Harda 200Shivpuri Shivpuri 179Sheopur Sheopur 168Betul Betul 100Rajgarh Biaora 190

12 Maharashtra Nagpur Kharsoli 213Pune Shirur,Daund 199Nashik Peth,Baglan 287Akola Akola,Balapur 222Thane Thane,Kalyan 235Solapur Sangola 288Kolhapur Ajra,Bavda 207

13 Manipur Ukhrul Chingai,Jiribam 18Chandel Moirang 20Imphal East Andro,Yambem 25Imphal West Kakwa 18

14 Meghalaya East Khasi Usmsning 11West Khasi Myllieum 12North Garo Kharkutta 8

WAPCOS LTD B-3

West Garo Selsella, Dalu 915 Mizoram Aizawal Darlawan,Phullen 22

Kolasib Tlangunam 25Mamit Reiek 47Champhai Lunglei 36

16 Nagaland Mon Tobu 16Wokha Ralan,Wanis 15Phek Phek 24Dimapur Niuland 24Kohima Botsa, Kohima 9

17 Orissa Ganjam Chattarpur 62Puri Nemapaia 60Bhubaneswar Andhrua 58Cuttack Banki,Niali 70Bargarh Bijepur,Bhatli 66Angul Kaniha,Angul 59

18 Punjab Ludhiana Ludhiana 0Patiala Patiala 0Ferozpur Ferozpur 0Fazilka Fazilka 0

19 Rajasthan Jaipur Saganer 59Kota Dimoad 60Bundi Paatan 72Bikaner Nokha 61Ganganagar Ganganagar 78Udaipur Badgawn 80Rajasmand Damedia 86Baran Patan 38

20 Sikkim East Sikkim Tonk 24West Sikkim Gyalshing 28North Sikkim Chungthang 26South Sikkim Mangan 22

21 Tamil Nadu Coimbatore Annur, Sulur 94Madurai Kallikudi, Melur 97Vellore Anaicut 93Karur Kadavur,Karur 99Dharampuri Vellolai 91Erode Erode,Andiyur 126

22 Telengana Medak Toopran 152Nalgonda Nalgonda 170Adilabad Khanapur 140Mandya Kothathi 185Rangareddy Shabad 100Mahabubnagar Farraqnagar 130

23 Tripura Khowai Kalyanpur,Khowai 20Gomati Amarpur,Killa 23Unakoti Kumarghat 17North Tripura Dasda,Gournagar 11

WAPCOS LTD B-4

24 UP Shamli Uan 23Meerut Rotha 150Muzaffarnagar Sahapur 103Baghpat Baraut 116Saharanpur Thanabhawan 145Agra Adhnera 45Lalitpur Jakhora 21Jhansi Mouranipur 180Hapur Garh 109Ghaziabad Rajpura 102Gautambudhnagar Dadri 190Bulandsher Khurja 133Sitapur Singholi 155Unnao Ganjmuradabad 99Barabanki Masaulli 152Bijnor Bijnor 78Aligarh Phasu 144Etwah Etwah 125Bareli Bareli 90

25 Uttarakhand Almora Vhiaiyasain 67Pithoragarh Munsyari 65Pauri Pabo 60Uttarkashi Mori 68Tehri Bhilangna 45Rudraprayag Jakholi 65

26 West Bengal Malda Malda,Sadar 122Hooghly Arambag,Balagarh 94Howrah Amta I, AmtaII 88Nadia Kalyani,Ranaghat 100Murshidabad Kandi,Lalbag 96

Total 16259

WAPCOS LTD B-5

List of Custom Hiring Centers Visited by WAPCOS Team

S.No State Name of SampleDistrict Surveyed

Name of Sample Bloc Surveyed No. of BeneficiarySurveyed

1 Assam

(VLFMB)

Barpeta Keot 3Bongaigaon Boitamari 4Baska Goreswar 3Goalpara Agomani 5Nagaon Pakhimoria 2Jorhat Bahchungi 4Golaghat Kathalguri 6Sonitpur Borsola 3Kamrup Tiku 5

2 Bihar Samastipur Pusa 8Nalanda Katholi 7Muzaffarpur Bela 2

3 Chhattisgarh Jashpur Nagar Pathalgaon 2Sarguja Lundra 2Raigarh Dharamaigarh 2Balrampur Wadraphnagar 2Korea Manendragarh 2Surajpur Bhaiyavan 2

4 Gujarat Surat Umarpnda 1Dwarka Kuunpure 2Bharuch Valia 1Banaskantha Iqbalgadh 1

5 Haryana Fatheabad Fatheabad 26 H.P Una Ambh 17 Jharkhand Behrampur Chandwa 1

Bokaro Petarwar 1Ranchi Budmu 1Ramgarh Gola 1

8 Karnataka Raichur Sindhnur 49 Kerala Eranakulam Kanjoor 5

Kottayam Ayarkunnam 2Allapuzha Champakulan 2

10 MP Raisen Sanchi 2Vidisha Vidisha 1Bhopal Fanda 4Jabalpur Saikheda 5Sehore Sehore 2Gwalior Murar 1Guna Aaron 1Bhind Gohat 1

11 Maharashtra Nagpur Kharsoli 3Akola Akola,Balapur 3Thane Thane,Kalyan 4Solapur Sangola 5

WAPCOS LTD B-6

12 Manipur Chandel Moirang 113 Nagaland Dimapur Niuland 114 Orissa Ganjam Chattarpur 15

Puri Nemapaia 14Bhubaneswar Andhrua 17Cuttack Banki,Niali 13Bargarh Bijepur,Bhatli 11Angul Kaniha,Angul 10

15 Punjab Fazilka Abhor,Fazilka,Jalalabad 11Firozpur Zira,Ferojpur,Makhu 12Ludhiana Dhelon,Jagraon,Khanna 13Amritsar Atari,Anjala,Verka 12Patiala Nabha,Patiala, 12Jalandhar Adampur,Bhogpur 11Bhatinda Maur,Phaul,Sangat 12Hoshiarpur Hajipur,Tanda,Hoshiarpur 11Sangrur Dhuri,Dirba 9Faridkot Faridkot, Kot kapura 8Kapurthala Dhilwan,Nalada 13Gurdaspur Batala,Dhariwal 11Moga Dharamkot,Moga 9Mansa Bhiki,Mansa 12

16 Rajasthan Udaipur Badgawn 4Bikaner Nokha 1Ganganagar Ganganagar 1

17 Tamil Nadu Coimbatore Annur, Sulur 9Madurai Kallikudi, Melur 8Vellore Anaicut 11Karur Kadavur,Karur 8Dharampuri Vellolai 8Erode Erode,Andiyur 6

18 Telengana Nalgonda Nalgonda 2Adilabad Khanapur 3

19 UP Shamli Uan 1Meerut Rotha 3Muzaffarnagar Sahapur 1Baghpat Baraut 1Saharanpur Thanabhawan 1Agra Adhnera 2Lalitpur Jakhora 3Jhansi Mouranipur 6Ghaziabad Rajpura 1Sitapur Singholi 1Unnao Ganjmuradabad 3Barabanki Masaulli 3

20 Uttarakhand Almora Vhiaiyasain 3Pithoragarh Munsyari 6Pauri Pabo 3

WAPCOS LTD B-7

Uttarkashi Mori 2Champawat Bhilangna 3Rudraprayag Jakholi 5

21 West Bengal Malda Malda,Sadar 3Hooghly Arambag,Balagarh 4

Total 475

WAPCOS LTD C-1

Annexure-C 1/4

Manufacturers surveyed who got their machines tested at various testing centres

Category of machine tested

FMT&TIs SAU/ICAR InstitutesCFMT&TI

BudniNRFMT&TI

HisarSRFMT&TI

AnatapurNERFMT&TI

AssamNorthern India

CCSHAUHisar

PAULudhiana

Tillage implements 8 11 4 15 4Levelling equipments 3 1 1Sowing equipments 2 3 6 1Plant protection equipments 18 1Inter-cultivation equipments 5 6Harvesting machinery 1 4 1Threshing machinery 1 4 1Straw management machinery 2 2 3Tractors 18Power Tillers 5Combine Harvester 6Others 1 4 5 1

18 46 35 5 32 12

WAPCOS LTD C-2

Annexure-C 2/4



SAU/ICAR InstitutesSouthern Region Eastern Region

PJTSAUHyderabad

UASRaichur

KAUTavanur

TNAUCoimbatore

RAUPusa

OUATBhubaneswar

SLFMTTCBhubaneswar

IITKharagpur

Tillage implements 1 15 3 6 1 6 1 1Sowing equipments 1 3 3Inter-cultivation equipments 1Threshing machinery 7 3 5 1Straw management machinery 1 1Others 3 1 3 1 4 2

12 21 5 10 2 18 4 2

WAPCOS LTD C-3

Annexure-C 3/4



SAU/ICAR InstitutesWestern Region

JAUJunagarh

MPKVRahuri

Dr.PDKVAkola

Dr.BSKKVDapoli

MPUATUdaipur

SKRAUBikaner

Tillage implements 2 5 4 3 13 12

Levelling equipments 1

Sowing equipments 10 1 2 3 3

Plant protection equipments 11 4

Harvesting machinery 2 2

Threshing machinery 7 7 4

Straw management machinery 2 1 1 1

Others 1 3 2 2 3

33 9 12 6 29 23

WAPCOS LTD C-4

Annexure-C 4/4



SAU/ICAR Institutes

Total All IndiaCentral Region

SLAITCRaipur

JAMTTCRanchi

CIAE, Bhopal SLFMTTILucknow

GBPUA&TPantnagar

Tillage implements 8 3 2 5 3 136Levelling equipments 1 7Sowing equipments 3 1 4 1 47Plant protection equipments 1 4 39Inter-cultivation equipments 12Harvesting machinery 10Threshing machinery 3 2 1 46Straw management machinery 14Tractors 18Power Tillers 5Combine Harvester 6Others 1 7 1 2 1 48

17 13 12 8 4 388

WAPCOS LTD D-1

Annexure-D

Table D-1:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Andhra Pradesh State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown(ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percent changein farm poweravailabilityTractors

Draughtanimals

AgriculturalLabourers

ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

TractorsDraughtanimals


ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller


(kW/ha)

Anantapur 888,395 15,897 159,135 668,349 140,969 9,294 5,839 1.255 20,186 156,281 698,323 147,013 10,079 7,437 1.422 13.3

Chittoor 336,823 13,885 55,714 682,614 337,402 24,142 1,766 5.377 17,631 54,715 713,227 351,868 26,183 2,249 5.872 9.2

East Godavari 435,398 18,042 30,514 843,195 38,325 13,959 1,978 1.736 22,910 29,967 881,011 39,968 15,139 2,519 2.067 19.1

Guntur 623,754 24,322 45,096 800,260 28,171 10,564 306 1.374 30,885 44,287 836,149 29,379 11,457 390 1.667 21.3

Krishna 485,637 24,297 20,830 741,299 31,954 14,024 1,540 1.821 30,852 20,456 774,545 33,324 15,210 1,961 2.206 21.1

Kurnool 916,027 13,021 177,954 662,340 57,224 13,966 4,756 0.827 16,534 174,763 692,044 59,678 15,147 6,058 0.952 15.2

Prakasam 587,334 19,487 37,121 555,321 65,207 15,330 1,300 1.507 24,745 36,455 580,226 68,003 16,625 1,655 1.775 17.8

SPS Nellore 335,066 14,848 23,357 485,483 138,988 19,151 1,248 3.131 18,855 22,938 507,255 144,946 20,770 1,589 3.545 13.2

Srikakulam 304,308 5,304 79,910 441,844 20,057 10,318 315 1.067 6,735 78,476 461,660 20,917 11,190 402 1.219 14.3

Visakhapatnam 279,995 1,935 122,981 701,870 27,870 6,458 692 0.984 2,457 120,775 733,347 29,065 7,003 882 1.066 8.3

Vizianagaram 266,700 3,302 64,742 383,476 21,452 4,053 217 0.875 4,193 63,581 400,674 22,371 4,395 276 0.984 12.6

Warangal 528,164 7,513 278,170 576,579 408,579 33,663 2,029 3.867 9,540 273,181 602,438 426,096 36,508 2,585 4.124 6.7

West Godavari 468,281 15,802 24,119 644,037 114,984 12,378 1,695 2.046 20,066 23,686 672,921 119,914 13,424 2,159 2.343 14.5

Y.S.R. Kadapa 405,276 15,799 31,253 472,133 113,881 13,210 772 2.338 20,062 30,692 493,307 118,764 14,326 984 2.677 14.5Total 6,861,158 193,454 1,150,895 8,658,801 1,545,065 200,509 24,452 1.880 245,652 1,130,254 9,047,125 1,611,306 217,458 31,147 2.135 13.6

The statistical parameters related to farm power availability (kW/ha) as on 31.3.2017 in different districts are given below:Sample Variance: 1.82 Range: 4.92 Standard Error: 0.35 Kurtosis: 2.59 Skewness: 1.57

WAPCOS LTD D-2

Table D-2:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Bihar State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown(ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017Percent

change infarm

poweravailability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Araria 183,614 3,460 57,159 296,463 1,463 18,914 1,342 1.338 4,629 54,908 308,449 1,494 19,013 1,388 1.508 12.7

Arwal 42,118 29 144 73,906 1,429 6,994 153 1.183 39 138 76,894 1,459 7,031 159 1.201 1.5

Aurangabad 192,223 2,801 4,242 265,302 16,634 27,404 2,378 1.645 3,747 4,075 276,029 16,986 27,548 2,458 1.790 8.8

Banka 117,726 92 58,395 214,391 2,459 18,729 179 1.277 123 56,096 223,059 2,511 18,827 185 1.286 0.8

Begusarai 116,736 9,521 2,784 312,116 3,193 21,698 524 3.439 12,737 2,674 324,736 3,260 21,812 542 4.171 21.3

Bhagalpur 125,644 9,546 9,759 320,341 6,888 22,099 582 3.354 12,771 9,375 333,294 7,034 22,215 601 4.038 20.4

Bhojpur 184,852 11,126 862 287,372 4,361 27,233 1,515 2.609 14,884 828 298,992 4,453 27,376 1,566 3.150 20.8

Buxur 138,099 2,485 952 180,405 5,967 20,835 5,031 1.746 3,325 914 187,699 6,093 20,944 5,200 1.922 10.1

Darbhanga 155,761 4,650 13,289 414,339 611 21,146 550 1.739 6,221 12,766 431,092 624 21,257 568 2.011 15.7

Gaya 168,956 4,835 23,076 462,662 37,476 76,841 793 4.330 6,468 22,167 481,369 38,268 77,244 819 4.617 6.6

Gopalganj 147,912 2,520 10,529 270,245 1,222 26,709 799 1.635 3,371 10,115 281,172 1,248 26,849 826 1.795 9.8

Jamui 41,800 1,357 37,751 185,522 8,716 12,515 371 3.910 1,815 36,264 193,023 8,900 12,581 383 4.218 7.9

Jehanabad 54,546 847 1,407 118,764 18,063 35,740 1,163 5.538 1,133 1,351 123,566 18,445 35,927 1,203 5.728 3.4

Katihar 183,152 1,891 25,411 324,136 1,360 52,582 320 2.056 2,530 24,410 337,242 1,389 52,857 330 2.158 5.0

Khagaria 91,663 3,456 1,713 175,118 754 15,556 473 2.096 4,623 1,646 182,199 770 15,637 489 2.439 16.3

Kishanganj 107,371 968 50,307 178,641 448 10,983 141 1.092 1,295 48,326 185,864 458 11,040 145 1.171 7.3

Lakhisarai 72,634 347 849 105,721 2,099 10,406 256 1.131 464 816 109,996 2,143 10,460 264 1.183 4.6

Madhubani 228,673 3,389 66,169 472,874 985 14,201 1,157 0.992 4,534 63,564 491,994 1,006 14,276 1,196 1.126 13.5

Medhepura 130,418 628 31,261 210,723 2,055 27,249 326 1.540 840 30,030 219,243 2,098 27,392 337 1.590 3.2

Munger 44,615 5,240 1,105 143,578 3,419 6,327 403 4.364 7,010 1,062 149,383 3,492 6,360 416 5.418 24.1

Muzaffarpur 218,931 15,069 11,784 504,839 1,577 36,827 1,157 2.930 20,160 11,320 525,251 1,610 37,020 1,196 3.548 21.1

Nalanda 152,022 4,817 3,865 303,469 27,878 69,863 10,133 4.562 6,444 3,713 315,739 28,467 70,229 10,473 4.885 7.1

Nawada 107,151 662 4,902 234,180 41,438 31,581 256 3.383 886 4,709 243,648 42,313 31,746 264 3.480 2.9

Patna 157,495 12,807 2,249 609,871 22,916 63,626 12,754 5.576 17,134 2,161 634,530 23,400 63,959 13,182 6.339 13.7

Purnea 180,893 15,647 32,466 345,791 1,710 20,699 786 3.121 20,933 31,188 359,773 1,746 20,808 813 3.890 24.6

Rohtas 249,631 20,126 1,562 312,985 36,501 38,666 1,259 3.606 26,925 1,500 325,640 37,272 38,869 1,302 4.336 20.3

WAPCOS LTD D-3

Saharsa 112,924 5,351 20,909 200,420 729 14,186 198 2.133 7,159 20,086 208,524 745 14,260 205 2.556 19.8

Samastipur 172,867 4,901 4,915 449,499 2,873 36,963 1,138 2.177 6,557 4,721 467,673 2,933 37,157 1,176 2.440 12.1

Shekhpura 40,579 398 1,953 67,077 3,991 11,224 345 2.318 533 1,876 69,789 4,075 11,283 357 2.424 4.6

Sheohar 24,988 118 4,325 69,400 69 4,475 89 1.361 158 4,154 72,206 70 4,499 93 1.412 3.7

Sitamarhi 138,376 1,819 14,321 361,268 1,399 13,356 927 1.128 2,433 13,757 375,875 1,429 13,426 958 1.253 11.0

Siwan 171,474 5,991 6,058 350,551 2,232 36,585 1,336 2.314 8,015 5,819 364,724 2,279 36,777 1,381 2.635 13.8

Supaul 147,114 855 24,987 235,420 1,040 16,208 940 0.975 1,144 24,004 244,939 1,062 16,293 971 1.032 5.8

Vaishali 126,007 2,691 1,430 369,258 2,350 34,186 978 2.340 3,600 1,373 384,188 2,400 34,366 1,011 2.545 8.8

Total 4,528,965 160,441 532,889 9,426,647 266,304 902,608 50,752 2.470 214,641 511,908 9,807,795 271,930 907,340 52,456 2.797 13.3

The statistical parameters related to farm power availability (kW/ha) as on 31.3.2017 in different districts are given below:Sample Variance: 2.16 Range: 5.30 Standard Error: 0.25 Kurtosis: -0.40 Skewness: 0.73

WAPCOS LTD D-4

Table D-3:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Gujrat State.

Name of DistrictNet Area

Sown(ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percentchange in

farm poweravailability

Tractors Draughtanimals


ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller


(kW/ha)

Ahmadabad 538,900 48,442 10,978 816,468 18,793 16,165 848 2.735 58,205 10,546 849,480 19,897 17,116 974 3.230 18.1

Amreli District 550,400 8,556 119,191 171,446 66,976 42,883 691 1.397 10,281 114,499 178,378 70,912 45,405 794 1.530 9.5

Anand District 186,600 1,115 6,434 236,764 14,568 4,061 743 0.666 1,340 6,180 246,337 15,424 4,300 854 0.727 9.2

Banas Kantha 739,800 44,448 80,266 352,952 160,944 17,431 1,080 2.578 53,405 77,106 367,223 170,402 18,457 1,241 2.950 14.4

Bharuch District 315,500 12,935 26,164 175,661 12,733 7,853 852 1.433 15,541 25,134 182,763 13,481 8,315 979 1.668 16.4

Bhavnagar District 554,100 20,257 116,258 325,985 100,178 59,687 646 2.342 24,340 111,680 339,165 106,065 63,198 743 2.608 11.4

Dohad District 214,500 4,260 345,425 240,874 3,648 24,197 388 1.891 5,119 331,825 250,613 3,862 25,620 446 2.016 6.6GandhinagarDistrict 164,800 6,176 16,065 157,159 15,021 380 372 1.426 7,420 15,433 163,513 15,904 403 427 1.646 15.4

Jamnagar District 620,200 11,633 165,095 244,563 110,274 62,439 563 1.837 13,977 158,594 254,452 116,755 66,111 648 2.005 9.1

Junagadh District 536,000 17,422 176,662 310,617 190,637 60,634 1,551 2.968 20,934 169,706 323,177 201,840 64,200 1,782 3.252 9.6

Kachchh 631,400 23,230 30,468 236,768 35,969 6,920 3,800 1.303 27,912 29,268 246,342 38,083 7,327 4,367 1.518 16.5

Kheda District 303,000 64,918 62,141 260,399 25,845 11,341 497 6.247 78,002 59,694 270,927 27,363 12,008 571 7.405 18.5

Mahesana District 351,600 55,411 19,685 229,679 32,341 3,244 625 4.569 66,578 18,910 238,966 34,242 3,435 718 5.423 18.7

Navsari District 136,300 414 14,597 150,729 26,431 9,551 2,344 1.381 498 14,022 156,823 27,984 10,113 2,693 1.478 7.0

Patan District 381,900 4,070 7,439 152,092 12,832 3,302 447 0.485 4,890 7,146 158,241 13,586 3,496 514 0.552 14.0

Porbandar District 129,100 601 31,991 66,383 24,953 9,113 175 1.359 722 30,731 69,067 26,419 9,649 201 1.448 6.5

Rajkot District 765,700 28,928 171,927 430,397 97,564 64,361 1,255 2.051 34,758 165,158 447,800 103,298 68,147 1,442 2.304 12.3

Sabar Kantha 437,600 35,439 202,197 274,944 156,875 31,985 1,366 4.074 42,581 194,236 286,061 166,093 33,867 1,570 4.599 12.9

Surat 446,200 22,992 21,690 688,590 47,436 24,913 1,768 2.169 27,626 20,836 716,432 50,223 26,379 2,032 2.487 14.7

Surendranagar 706,200 26,865 46,811 198,887 51,284 24,070 1,979 1.507 32,279 44,968 206,928 54,298 25,486 2,274 1.736 15.2

Vadodara District 505,400 24,139 208,985 470,925 25,264 24,230 850 1.913 29,004 200,757 489,966 26,749 25,655 977 2.188 14.4

Valsad District 146,800 11,018 61,962 192,905 18,394 12,206 848 3.147 13,238 59,523 200,705 19,475 12,924 974 3.597 14.3

Total 9,362,000 473,268 1,942,432 6,385,186 1,248,959 520,966 23,689 2.252 568,650 1,865,955 6,643,358 1,322,355 551,611 27,223 2.565 13.9


WAPCOS LTD D-5

Table D-4:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Haryana State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown(ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017 Percentchange in

farmpower

availabilityTractors Draught

animalsAgricultural

LabourersElectricMotors

DieselEngines


(kW/ha)Tractors Draught

animalsAgricultural


DieselEngines


(kW/ha)

Ambala 117,911 9,332 3,242 120,096 22,775 8,084 3.226 10,637 3,120 124,952 24,546 8,560 3.594 11.4

Bhiwani 446,882 18,326 20,155 172,108 33,004 25,200 1.696 20,889 19,394 179,067 35,570 26,683 1.885 11.2

Faridabad 97,732 11,176 347 190,052 17,568 21,245 4.966 12,739 334 197,736 18,934 22,494 5.510 11.0

Fatehabd 237,001 24,905 24,702 99,468 22,269 20,307 3.631 28,389 23,769 103,489 24,000 21,501 4.069 12.1

Gurgaon 97,732 13,060 135 159,956 33,232 11,820 5.505 14,886 130 166,424 35,816 12,516 6.134 11.4

Hisar 365,524 39,508 66,708 184,121 8,174 44,602 3.682 45,033 64,188 191,565 8,810 47,226 4.121 11.9

Jhajjar 146,075 15,546 3,094 101,093 8,646 30,823 4.221 17,720 2,977 105,180 9,319 32,636 4.697 11.3

Jind 277,091 19,816 58,245 140,724 29,502 44,112 3.257 22,587 56,045 146,414 31,796 46,707 3.599 10.5

Kaithal 216,956 22,686 19,215 113,343 54,069 25,840 4.378 25,859 18,489 117,926 58,273 27,360 4.870 11.2

Karnal 224,031 43,056 1,438 159,136 88,475 15,730 6.909 49,079 1,384 165,571 95,354 16,656 7.748 12.2

Kurukshetra 141,493 25,504 1,342 101,867 52,743 2,093 6.206 29,072 1,291 105,986 56,844 2,216 6.978 12.4

Mahendragarh 159,180 6,310 872 97,371 40,439 2,027 2.079 7,193 840 101,308 43,583 2,146 2.302 10.7

Panchkula 16,508 1,739 7,952 59,044 3,141 1,263 4.245 1,983 7,652 61,432 3,386 1,337 4.710 11.0

Panipat 112,015 22,991 1,305 127,072 39,674 9,749 7.216 26,206 1,256 132,210 42,758 10,323 8.098 12.2

Rewari 83,717 1,971 461 94,672 40,680 6,714 2.920 2,246 444 98,500 43,843 7,109 3.174 8.7

Rohtak 106,120 16,904 17,443 111,845 5,276 26,763 5.869 19,268 16,785 116,367 5,687 28,337 6.547 11.6

Sirsa 379,673 33,921 23,775 136,823 20,845 24,533 2.939 38,666 22,877 142,355 22,466 25,976 3.302 12.4

Sonipat 193,374 20,016 4,415 156,364 26,611 41,637 4.466 22,816 4,248 162,686 28,680 44,086 4.955 11.0

Yamunanagar 103,762 6,420 1,262 128,271 29,780 9,674 3.265 7,318 1,214 133,457 32,095 10,243 3.607 10.5

Total 3,522,775 353,186 256,110 2,453,427 568,211 372,215 3.868 402,586 246,436 2,552,626 612,389 394,110 4.315 11.6


WAPCOS LTD D-6

Table D-5:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Karnataka State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown(ha)


change infarm poweravailability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller


(kW/ha)

Bagalkote 469,859 10,314 78,347 216,548 96,750 1,735 2,183 1.468 14,685 75,262 225,304 104,272 1,837 2,421 1.772 20.7

Ballari 423,114 10,339 126,969 290,023 64,618 1,007 2,816 1.402 14,721 121,970 301,750 69,642 1,066 3,122 1.718 22.5

Belagavi 725,098 20,178 186,150 547,254 243,887 11,082 2,939 2.214 28,729 178,820 569,381 262,849 11,733 3,258 2.624 18.5

Bengaluru 41422 4,474 3,868 1,098,177 25,584 518 1,218 6.700 6,370 3,716 1,142,580 27,574 548 1,350 8.147 21.6

Bengaluru (R) 108103 2,258 9,221 113,066 117,100 696 1,799 4.767 3,214 8,858 117,638 126,204 736 1,994 5.323 11.7

Bidar 312451 2,231 71,591 194,696 49,673 664 831 0.920 3,176 68,772 202,568 53,535 703 921 1.044 13.6

Chamarajnagar 153,438 1,538 37,224 116,926 46,315 1,012 651 1.569 2,190 35,759 121,654 49,916 1,072 722 1.770 12.8

Chikkaballapura 197,657 4,874 30,370 143,658 38,061 779 1,475 1.515 6,940 29,174 149,467 41,020 824 1,636 1.848 22.0

Chikkamagaluru 298,545 6,669 74,350 130,302 61,243 10,385 2,372 1.698 9,496 71,423 135,571 66,005 10,996 2,630 2.017 18.8

Chitradurga 395,167 7,775 115,941 190,156 101,600 1,967 1,367 1.648 11,070 111,376 197,845 109,499 2,083 1,515 1.940 17.7

D. Kannada 142,402 3,354 2,705 238,629 129,361 40,396 1,175 5.702 4,775 2,598 248,277 139,419 42,772 1,303 6.325 10.9

Davangere 393,146 13,865 100,086 222,971 47,096 2,048 4,440 1.581 19,741 96,145 231,986 50,758 2,168 4,922 2.012 27.2

Dharwad 332,716 12,495 77,320 211,528 12,394 1,098 1,763 1.286 17,791 74,275 220,081 13,357 1,162 1,955 1.714 33.3

Gadag 377,535 6,090 58,316 121,997 17,575 356 2,018 0.703 8,670 56,020 126,930 18,941 376 2,237 0.897 27.5

Hassan 367,953 9,839 89,497 203,423 115,026 3,356 1,171 2.044 14,009 85,973 211,648 123,969 3,553 1,298 2.432 19.0

Haveri 362,046 6,828 139,795 183,070 48,985 352 1,690 1.196 9,722 134,291 190,472 52,794 372 1,874 1.442 20.6

Kalaburagi 892,225 6,999 13,981 161,455 31,583 0 1,751 0.362 9,966 13,430 167,983 34,038 0 1,942 0.460 27.2

Kodagu 167,282 3,055 13,339 63,535 5,112 4,814 2,948 0.899 4,350 12,814 66,103 5,509 5,097 3,268 1.129 25.7

Kolar 167,666 7,444 25,133 176,396 148,530 2,717 1,343 4.682 10,599 24,144 183,528 160,079 2,877 1,489 5.438 16.1

Koppal 407,846 6,770 83,808 159,339 38,540 388 1,596 0.908 9,640 80,508 165,781 41,537 411 1,769 1.119 23.3

Mandya 220,010 4,887 42,582 207,140 67,774 9,790 1,305 2.123 6,959 40,905 215,516 73,043 10,366 1,447 2.474 16.6

Mysuru 372,306 8,605 104,944 342,975 52,492 2,402 1,270 1.333 12,252 100,813 356,843 56,573 2,543 1,408 1.631 22.4

Raichur 474,989 11,020 110,519 220,436 41,260 2,785 4,225 1.121 15,691 106,168 229,349 44,468 2,948 4,684 1.408 25.5

Ramanagara 153,661 5,030 11,659 124,001 44,489 3,487 1,539 2.178 7,162 11,200 129,015 47,948 3,692 1,706 2.637 21.1

Shivamogga 228,410 7,746 119,023 201,051 58,229 9,777 4,385 2.418 11,029 114,337 209,180 62,756 10,353 4,862 2.886 19.4

WAPCOS LTD D-7

Tumakuru 520,202 11,214 67,558 307,095 251,397 9,448 2,389 2.557 15,967 64,898 319,512 270,943 10,004 2,648 2.943 15.1

Udupi 96,974 1,955 4,573 134,901 133,301 9,742 968 6.318 2,784 4,393 140,355 143,666 10,316 1,073 6.978 10.4

Uttara Kannada 111,981 1,973 84,416 164,556 77,742 4,224 1,258 3.663 2,809 81,092 171,209 83,787 4,472 1,395 4.068 11.1

Yadgiri 299,536 4,107 97,415 134,337 60,624 4,773 1,567 1.371 5,848 93,579 139,769 65,338 5,053 1,738 1.586 15.6

Total 8,751,764 203,928 1,980,697 6,619,643 2,226,341 141,795 56,452 1.800 290,356 1,902,713 6,887,295 2,399,439 150,136 62,587 2.138 18.8


WAPCOS LTD D-8

Table D-6: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Punjab State.


Sown(ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percentchange in farm

poweravailabilityTractors

Draughtanimals


ElectricMotors

DieselEngines Power tiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller


(kW/ha)

Amritsar 2,17,000 21,186 82 2,63,152 1,62,552 6,109 1,093 5.566 27,577 80 2,73,792 1,84,108 7,165 1,405 6.740 21.1

Barnala District 1,24,000 1,266 11,121 62,996 22,887 1,053 86 1.060 2,148 10,758 65,543 25,922 1,235 110 1.346 26.9

Bathinda District 2,96,000 32,204 13,581 1,46,727 35,826 26,171 200 3.829 41,920 13,137 1,52,659 40,577 30,692 256 4.832 26.2

Faridkot District 1,28,000 29,460 3,802 65,290 29,281 14,107 36 7.509 33,348 3,678 67,930 33,164 16,544 46 8.522 13.5Fatehgarh SahibDistrict 1,02,000 3,117 3,362 63,368 36,951 11,605 185 2.829 5,058 3,252 65,930 41,851 13,610 238 3.617 27.9

Firozpur 2,12,000 31,369 12,664 2,14,126 82,116 22,851 88 5.974 38,832 12,250 2,22,783 93,006 26,798 113 7.189 20.3

Gurdaspur District 2,26,000 8,155 2,192 2,42,882 1,16,662 10,294 3,877 3.260 11,615 2,120 2,52,702 1,32,132 12,072 4,984 3.987 22.3HoshiarpurDistrict 2,00,000 13,602 2,673 1,67,215 40,695 22,631 9,293 3.469 17,706 2,586 1,73,976 46,092 26,541 11,945 4.289 23.7

Jalandhar 2,36,000 19,900 273 2,30,493 73,802 11,526 5,402 3.809 25,903 264 2,39,812 83,589 13,517 6,944 4.712 23.7KapurthalaDistrict 1,34,000 9,380 70 86,383 40,100 7,077 590 3.287 13,210 68 89,876 45,418 8,299 758 4.239 29.0

Ludhiana 2,99,000 27,370 14,997 3,68,479 1,13,080 42,145 2,339 4.702 35,627 14,507 3,83,378 1,28,076 49,425 3,007 5.759 22.5

Mansa District 1,90,000 7,804 14,771 81,221 21,167 38,036 89 2.659 10,158 14,288 84,505 23,974 44,607 114 3.231 21.5

Moga District 1,98,000 3,950 6,752 1,04,831 35,347 7,476 61 1.434 6,142 6,531 1,09,070 40,035 8,767 78 1.848 28.9

Muktsar District 2,27,000 3,363 7,978 95,366 32,200 19,259 68 1.423 4,377 7,717 99,222 36,470 22,586 88 1.692 18.9

Patiala District 2,63,000 28,074 8,139 1,99,911 83,220 17,651 209 4.387 36,544 7,873 2,07,994 94,256 20,700 268 5.450 24.2

Rupnagar District 79,000 7,275 3,886 72,193 22,950 21,723 37 5.085 9,970 3,758 75,112 25,993 25,475 48 6.386 25.6Sahibzada AjitSingh Nagar 77,000 932 3,911 1,04,182 13,113 12,284 34 1.929 1,713 3,784 1,08,394 14,852 14,405 44 2.434 26.2

Sangrur District 3,12,000 29,310 32,058 1,74,781 1,41,675 46,655 399 5.044 38,153 31,010 1,81,848 1,60,463 54,714 513 6.153 22.0Shahid BhagatSingh Nagar 96,000 2,442 1,210 64,905 9,885 1,053 101 1.151 4,179 1,171 67,529 11,196 1,235 130 1.687 46.6

Tarn Taran 2,18,000 1,094 321 1,18,330 6,248 319 172 0.277 1,923 310 1,23,115 7,076 374 221 0.394 42.2

Total 38,34,000 2,81,252 1,43,844 29,26,830 11,19,759 3,40,026 24,357 3.580 3,66,103 1,39,141 30,45,170 12,68,252 3,98,763 31,311 4.398 22.8The statistical parameters related to farm power availability (kW/ha) as on 31.3.2017 in different districts are given below:Sample Variance: 5.37 Range: 9.20 Standard Error: 0.50 Kurtosis: -0.11 Skewness: 0.31

WAPCOS LTD D-9

Table D-7 :District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Tamilnadu State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown(ha)


change infarm

poweravailabilit

y

Tractors

Draught

animals

Agricultural

Labourers

ElectricMotors

DieselEngine

s

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability (kW/ha)

Tractors

Draught

animals

Agricultural

Labourers

ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower


Coimbatore 314,957 6,859 3,877 366,862 96,882 4,217 1,624 1.873 9,950 3,846 386,559 112,925 4,692 2,199 2.340 24.9

Cuddalore 219,891 7,173 8,347 274,771 29,504 4,242 1,309 1.566 10,405 8,281 289,524 34,390 4,720 1,773 2.059 31.5

Dharmapuri 163,053 3,536 8,320 158,775 117,419 43,442 703 4.815 5,129 8,254 167,299 136,862 48,337 952 5.690 18.2

Dindigul 253,505 3,508 1,286 228,339 105,666 12,814 560 2.246 5,088 1,276 240,598 123,164 14,258 758 2.703 20.3

Erode 300,982 6,837 8,260 238,718 141,881 17,577 4,621 2.800 9,917 8,195 251,534 165,375 19,557 6,258 3.425 22.3

Kancheepuram 135,998 5,049 16,595 421,621 54,355 7,458 6,662 3.231 7,323 16,463 444,257 63,355 8,299 9,021 4.052 25.4

Kanniyakumari 79,323 1,139 76 196,836 784 44 32 0.541 1,652 76 207,404 913 49 44 0.724 33.8

Karur 111,719 2,657 4,228 113,737 36,615 3,845 629 2.123 3,854 4,194 119,843 42,678 4,279 852 2.639 24.3

Krishnagiri 182,119 2,232 17,085 199,008 70,119 29,907 588 2.772 3,238 16,949 209,692 81,731 33,278 796 3.265 17.8

Madurai 153,082 3,812 4,742 321,272 34,751 2,746 1,420 1.759 5,530 4,704 338,521 40,506 3,056 1,923 2.226 26.6

Nagapattinam 148,542 3,357 6,999 170,519 36,104 8,462 763 1.912 4,870 6,943 179,674 42,082 9,416 1,034 2.376 24.3

Namakkal 176,544 4,453 3,207 181,835 94,285 5,897 1,397 2.924 6,460 3,181 191,598 109,898 6,561 1,892 3.587 22.7

Perambalur 211,186 1,172 3,534 59,638 61,791 11,658 1,244 1.590 1,699 3,505 62,840 72,023 12,972 1,685 1.882 18.3

Pudukkottai 160,231 4,050 24,626 171,011 35,609 5,682 786 1.820 5,874 24,430 180,193 41,506 6,322 1,065 2.288 25.7Ramanathapuram 185,563 2,133 1,900 141,307 3,660 935 268 0.451 3,094 1,885 148,894 4,266 1,041 363 0.607 34.4

Salem 217,446 6,172 15,323 367,647 188,659 13,459 1,721 4.453 8,952 15,201 387,386 219,900 14,976 2,330 5.378 20.8

Sivagangai 120,451 2,603 10,588 141,697 11,613 2,809 583 1.171 3,776 10,504 149,305 13,536 3,125 789 1.511 29.1

Thanjavur 192,030 4,985 14,255 253,843 39,834 6,846 3,340 1.836 7,231 14,141 267,472 46,430 7,617 4,523 2.329 26.8

Theni 111,599 2,736 2,409 131,390 13,358 1,249 1,610 1.293 3,969 2,390 138,444 15,570 1,390 2,180 1.694 31.0

Thiruvallur 115,724 6,049 7,168 393,603 21,349 2,938 1,244 2.443 8,774 7,111 414,736 24,885 3,269 1,685 3.217 31.7

Thiruvarur 153,227 2,823 4,735 133,969 154,154 19,576 2,438 5.063 4,096 4,697 141,161 179,681 21,782 3,301 6.011 18.7

Thoothukkudi 171,815 2,140 2,347 183,652 18,166 2,125 870 0.873 3,104 2,328 193,512 21,175 2,364 1,178 1.104 26.6

Tiruchirappalli 191,347 4,221 10,214 286,707 35,151 4,985 879 1.522 6,123 10,132 302,100 40,972 5,547 1,190 1.924 26.4

Tirunelveli 166,621 5,373 6,076 324,636 60,214 7,672 2,207 2.622 7,793 6,028 342,066 70,185 8,536 2,988 3.283 25.2

Tiruvannamalai 242,387 8,710 48,439 260,835 102,633 4,138 3,349 2.807 12,633 48,054 274,839 119,628 4,604 4,536 3.530 25.7

WAPCOS LTD D-10

Vellore 209,903 6,269 28,086 414,987 35,151 3,017 1,379 1.666 9,093 27,862 437,267 40,972 3,357 1,867 2.147 28.9

Villupuram 330,712 7,821 39,399 365,881 205,282 54,167 3,650 3.994 11,344 39,086 385,525 239,276 60,271 4,943 4.780 19.7

Virudhunagar 142,882 2,261 3,741 205,302 18,075 2,171 1,305 1.099 3,280 3,711 216,325 21,048 2,415 1,767 1.394 26.8

Total5,162,83

9 120,130 305,864 6,708,3981,823,06

4 284,079 47,182 2.361 174,250 303,428 7,068,569 2,124,930 316,091 63,892 2.907 23.1


WAPCOS LTD D-11

Table D-8 :District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Telangana State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown (ha)


change infarm

poweravailability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller


(kW/ha)Tractors

Draughtanimals

AgriculturalLaborers

ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability

(kW/ha)

Adilabad 617,000 8,781 337,964 467,676 43,649 2,686 436 0.908 11,544 324,658 481,385 47,043 3,005 556 1.042 14.8

Hyderabad0

2,678 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Karimnagar 571,000 36,727 194,492 651,143 353,054 27,531 9,368 4.515 48,285 186,834 670,230 380,504 30,797 11,964 5.275 16.8

Khammam 478,000 32,423 158,521 478,007 51,151 17,665 2,926 2.584 42,625 152,279 492,018 55,128 19,760 3,737 3.202 23.9

Mahbubnagar 913,000 9,497 232,958 690,511 158,765 35,292 4,356 1.293 12,486 223,786 710,751 171,109 39,478 5,563 1.459 12.8

Medak 529,000 22,226 144,188 517,923 171,060 5,498 2,532 2.531 29,220 138,511 533,104 184,359 6,151 3,233 2.980 17.8

Nalgonda 691,000 25,500 118,746 595,097 265,670 5,684 1,148 2.549 33,524 114,071 612,540 286,326 6,359 1,466 2.970 16.5

Nizamabad 362,000 11,455 71,165 435,960 109,238 1,299 1,373 2.119 15,060 68,363 448,739 117,731 1,453 1,754 2.473 16.7

Rangareddy 255,000 19,979 106,175 904,761 56,915 2,203 907 3.275 26,266 101,994 931,281 61,340 2,464 1,158 3.993 21.9

Warangal 545,000 16,741 278,170 601,759 340,977 27,792 2,209 3.674 22,009 267,218 619,397 367,487 31,089 2,821 4.140 12.7Total 4,961,000 186,008 1,642,378 5,342,837 1,550,4

79125,651 25,254 2.485 241,020 1,577,715 5,499,446 1,671,028 140,555 32,25

42.886 16.1

The statistical parameters related to farm power availability (kW/ha) as on 31.3.2017 in different districts are given below:Sample Variance: 2.24 Range: 5.27 Standard Error: 0.45 Kurtosis: 0.06 Skewness: -0.29

WAPCOS LTD D-12

Table D-9: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Uttar Pradesh State.

Name of DistrictNet AreaSown (ha)


farmpower


animalsAgricultural


DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)


Agricultural

Labourers

ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability

(kW/ha)

Agra 2,84,254 11,533 1,711 4,62,811 15,388 53,738 159 2.405 15,116 1,643 4,81,524 16,951 60,718 197 2.896 20.4

Aligarh 3,04,044 134 14,437 3,88,126 49,168 48,865 22 1.592 170 13,869 4,03,819 54,163 55,212 27 1.775 11.5

Allahabad 3,07,953 14,291 69,454 6,29,626 16,644 33,939 63 2.217 17,844 66,719 6,55,084 18,335 38,347 78 2.620 18.2

Ambedkar Nagar 1,66,924 30 27,766 2,53,413 10,391 33,584 13 1.501 38 26,672 2,63,659 11,446 37,946 16 1.673 11.4

Auraiya 1,45,321 3,078 6,463 1,44,976 777 21,801 16 1.480 4,900 6,209 1,50,838 856 24,633 19 1.920 29.7

Azamgarh 3,01,016 12,122 41,975 4,87,714 35,441 59,236 84 2.724 15,096 40,323 5,07,433 39,042 66,930 105 3.171 16.4

Baghpat 1,08,158 5,158 1,640 1,37,567 34,519 17,878 2,978 3.575 6,270 1,575 1,43,129 38,026 20,200 3,703 4.123 15.3

Bahraich 3,30,856 5,183 92,920 3,67,462 4,113 70,082 899 1.819 6,801 89,262 3,82,320 4,531 79,185 1,118 2.107 15.8

Ballia 2,20,145 4,154 4,022 3,40,563 8,713 26,467 98 1.399 5,264 3,863 3,54,333 9,598 29,905 122 1.636 17.0

Balrampur 2,12,700 6,034 58,036 2,27,039 293 45,600 45 2.104 7,648 55,751 2,36,219 322 51,522 56 2.457 16.8

Banda 3,43,480 4,827 1,00,980 1,90,114 1,874 17,163 99 0.808 6,118 97,004 1,97,800 2,064 19,392 123 0.941 16.5

Bara banki 2,58,439 12,124 30,603 3,44,191 1,386 1,00,382 16 3.531 15,365 29,398 3,58,108 1,526 1,13,420 19 4.144 17.4

Bareilly 3,29,200 13,429 36,904 4,71,744 2,267 95,548 395 2.837 17,019 35,451 4,90,818 2,498 1,07,958 492 3.338 17.7

Basti 2,08,963 8,705 9,503 2,60,000 3,529 73,277 118 3.196 11,032 9,129 2,70,512 3,888 82,795 147 3.751 17.4

Bijnor 3,37,192 20,425 61,163 3,89,187 44,471 62,334 5,262 3.318 25,885 58,755 4,04,923 48,989 70,430 6,543 3.946 18.9

Budaun 3,50,006 11,564 75,995 3,92,234 13,033 1,13,909 746 2.973 14,656 73,003 4,08,094 14,357 1,28,705 927 3.456 16.3

Bulandshahr 3,00,406 12,858 13,727 3,69,602 11,353 38,953 4,187 2.140 16,295 13,187 3,84,546 12,506 44,013 5,207 2.568 20.0

Chandauli 1,32,063 5,590 8,331 2,06,295 6,399 10,200 17 1.819 7,085 8,003 2,14,637 7,050 11,525 21 2.192 20.5

Chitrakoot 1,74,483 2,547 57,272 1,04,655 1,272 11,000 16 0.916 3,228 55,017 1,08,887 1,401 12,429 19 1.063 16.0

Deoria 1,97,848 7,769 4,786 3,27,357 2,708 49,066 147 2.560 9,846 4,598 3,40,593 2,984 55,439 183 3.024 18.1

Etah 1,85,199 7,109 10,282 1,86,058 11,972 77,112 335 3.654 9,010 9,877 1,93,581 13,188 87,128 416 4.253 16.4

Etawah 1,47,548 3,320 5,694 1,66,831 5,289 12,658 89 1.275 4,208 5,470 1,73,577 5,827 14,302 110 1.510 18.5

Faizabad 1,73,025 4,870 52,050 2,60,772 21,304 38,777 445 2.649 6,171 50,001 2,71,316 23,469 43,814 554 3.057 15.4

Farrukhabad 1,49,018 4,870 10,790 1,99,414 6,850 37,816 445 2.555 6,171 10,365 2,07,477 7,546 42,727 554 2.991 17.0

Fatehpur 2,88,971 6,254 77,186 2,78,131 9,642 31,237 28 1.444 7,925 74,147 2,89,377 10,621 35,294 35 1.684 16.6

Firozabad 1,82,623 5,441 3,236 2,63,772 19,508 29,843 262 2.175 6,896 3,108 2,74,437 21,490 33,720 326 2.546 17.1Gautam BuddhaNagar 62,626 5,791 1,537 1,76,926 3,735 16,525 2,082 4.448 7,339 1,476 1,84,080 4,114 18,671 2,589 5.359 20.5

WAPCOS LTD D-13

Ghaziabad 52,641 4,523 866 4,92,462 25,001 24,070 3,634 7.421 5,335 832 5,12,373 27,541 27,196 4,518 8.447 13.8

Ghazipur 2,53,853 8,706 20,166 3,82,725 31,338 24,284 90 1.995 11,033 19,372 3,98,200 34,521 27,438 112 2.353 17.9

Gonda 2,92,270 8,403 45,927 3,62,511 1,652 57,948 68 2.005 10,649 44,118 3,77,168 1,819 65,475 84 2.352 17.3

Gorakhpur 2,45,009 8,977 7,533 4,68,673 7,390 63,229 618 2.635 11,377 7,237 4,87,623 8,140 71,441 769 3.096 17.5

Hamirpur 2,94,201 10,661 31,984 1,16,635 1,081 15,393 50 1.315 14,022 30,725 1,21,351 1,191 17,392 62 1.651 25.6

Hardoi 4,33,250 7,043 1,30,028 4,32,236 1,431 61,897 41 1.401 9,426 1,24,909 4,49,713 1,577 69,937 51 1.647 17.6

Jalaun 3,46,703 13,531 6,404 1,76,504 682 13,680 2,063 1.313 16,948 6,152 1,83,641 752 15,457 2,565 1.608 22.5Jaunpur 2,78,656 8,878 30,643 4,72,877 30,188 65,530 37 2.677 11251.1 29,436 4,91,997 33,255 74,042 45 3.113 16.3Jhansi 3,32,279 11,286 44,626 2,11,371 1,942 45,441 827 1.771 14302.7 42,869 2,19,917 2,140 51,343 1,028 2.112 19.3Kannauj 1,45,813 5,553 12,541 1,75,161 5,917 38,920 113 2.736 7037.01 12,047 1,82,243 6,518 43,975 140 3.213 17.4Kanpur Dehat 2,21,918 5,462 15,378 1,89,644 2,657 22,230 391 1.327 7522 14,772 1,97,311 2,927 25,117 486 1.649 24.3Kanpur Nagar 1,88,920 549 12,995 4,83,112 4,877 26,625 236 1.122 1295 12,483 5,02,646 5,373 30,083 293 1.343 19.7Kaushambi 1,34,468 2,106 23,988 1,68,706 8,068 11,921 16 1.258 2968 23,043 1,75,528 8,888 13,469 19 1.513 20.2Kheri 4,79,706 15,992 81,645 4,24,023 11,064 87,391 475 2.090 20267 78,431 4,41,167 12,188 98,742 590 2.464 17.9Kushinagar 2,23,789 11,566 9,195 3,76,186 238 40,296 340 2.469 14658.2 8,833 3,91,396 262 45,530 423 2.966 20.1Lalitpur 3,01,113 7,065 47,808 1,28,677 1,806 61,157 138 1.856 8953.69 45,925 1,33,879 1,989 69,101 171 2.169 16.9Lucknow 1,38,000 4,642 17,085 4,84,750 4,446 28,679 117 2.388 5749 16,412 5,04,350 4,897 32,404 145 2.767 15.9Mahamaya Nagar 1,45,636 4,801 3,055 1,65,407 14,399 22,007 223 2.146 6084.06 2,935 1,72,095 15,862 24,865 278 2.527 17.8Mahoba 2,35,656 6,548 38,434 92,551 393 39,996 50 1.765 8298.84 36,920 96,293 433 45,190 62 2.081 17.9Mahrajganj 2,01,427 8,575 17,867 2,81,576 1,064 64,215 188 3.025 10866.8 17,163 2,92,961 1,172 72,555 233 3.558 17.6Mainpuri 1,92,777 1,526 9,388 1,95,148 6,977 33,898 40 1.395 3133 9,018 2,03,038 7,686 38,301 49 1.756 25.9Mathura 2,69,329 16,105 4,843 2,68,540 9,153 53,857 453 2.872 20409.5 4,653 2,79,398 10,083 60,852 563 3.452 20.2Mau 1,24,760 4,469 9,645 2,32,966 15,055 16,829 31 2.261 5529 9,266 2,42,386 16,584 19,015 39 2.629 16.3Meerut 1,96,255 15,354 3,322 3,64,203 36,872 27,740 4,873 3.767 19,458 3,191 3,78,929 40,618 31,344 6,059 4.523 20.1Mirzapur 1,97,274 7,875 48,105 2,63,536 6,667 21,746 80 1.946 9,980 46,211 2,74,192 7,345 24,571 100 2.317 19.1Moradabad 1,86,403 19,641 29,489 5,04,261 13,839 1,24,564 1,687 7.013 20,892 28,328 5,24,650 15,244 1,40,743 2,098 7.718 10.0Muzaffarnagar 2,21,343 1,255 6,669 4,37,225 77,926 95,249 583 3.985 2,091 6,407 4,54,904 85,843 1,07,620 725 4.536 13.8Pilibhit District 2,34,136 12,636 17,314 2,15,224 7,068 53,999 2,204 2.939 17,013 16,633 2,23,926 7,787 61,013 2,740 3.619 23.2Pratapgarh 2,19,851 6,056 31,754 3,35,293 7,772 32,345 180 1.809 8,175 30,503 3,48,850 8,561 36,546 224 2.183 20.7Rae Bareli 1,84,488 11,143 80,775 3,59,618 11,966 49,482 253 3.590 14,122 77,595 3,74,158 13,182 55,909 315 4.230 17.8Rampur 1,91,563 9,791 17,743 2,46,724 3,459 1,60,525 1,181 6.228 11,909 17,045 2,56,700 3,811 1,81,375 1,468 7.142 14.7Saharanpur 2,75,047 24,562 11,204 3,65,980 1,62,758 85,033 17 6.334 29,128 10,763 3,80,778 1,79,292 96,078 21 7.217 13.9Sant Kabir Nagar 1,21,266 4,019 7,816 1,81,108 622 24,698 58 2.126 5,093 7,508 1,88,431 685 27,906 73 2.510 18.1

WAPCOS LTD D-14

Sant Ravidas Nagar,Bhadohi 68,596 4,955 5,276 1,64,195 6,970 2,701 81 2.637 6,279 5,068 1,70,834 7,678 3,052 101 3.213 21.8ShahjahanpurDistrict 3,50,319 10,338 43,858 3,17,188 5,715 63,165 56 1.934 13,102 42,132 3,30,013 6,296 71,369 70 2.277 17.8Shrawasti 1,29,775 2,076 62,414 1,17,754 245 25,293 18 1.745 3,131 59,957 1,22,515 270 28,578 22 2.094 20.0Siddharthnagar 2,35,652 7,744 29,750 2,69,769 838 62,228 391 2.464 9,814 28,578 2,80,676 923 70,310 486 2.890 17.3Sitapur 4,35,983 12,853 96,212 4,72,705 2,060 1,05,877 157 2.287 16,281 92,424 4,91,818 2,270 1,19,629 196 2.670 16.7Sonbhadra 1,59,904 5,433 1,43,917 1,96,777 1,431 24,821 35 2.194 6,884 1,38,251 2,04,733 1,577 28,045 44 2.536 15.6Sultanpur 1,77,758 9,962 46,809 4,00,494 14,580 52,637 67 3.639 13,125 44,966 4,16,687 16,061 59,474 83 4.351 19.6Unnao 3,08,979 6,589 82,007 3,28,621 2,872 63,174 170 1.893 8,350 78,778 3,41,908 3,164 71,379 211 2.193 15.8Varanasi 95,698 4,537 6,072 3,89,007 11,636 6,512 59 2.299 5,485 5,833 4,04,736 12,818 7,358 74 2.661 15.7

Total 1,57,24,925 5,52,997 22,71,012 2,07,38,706 9,04,157 32,28,269 41,450 2.416 7,00,822 21,81,598 2,15,77,234 9,96,010 36,47,579 51,544 2.836 17.4


WAPCOS LTD D-15

Table D-10: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Uttrakhand State.

Name of District Net AreaSown (ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017 Per centchange in

farm poweravailability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller


(kW/ha)Tractors

Draughtanimals


ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller


(kW/ha)

Almora 79,540 7 64,665 1,27,179 10 1 7 0.392 9 64,513 1,32,759 11 1 9 0.396 0.9

Bageshwar 23,925 3 37,494 53,135 2 1 2 0.711 4 37,406 55,467 3 1 2 0.716 0.7

Chamoli 32,960 3 52,060 79,979 2 3 3 0.726 4 51,938 83,489 3 3 4 0.731 0.7

Champawat 22,576 35 18,249 53,028 85 1,078 2 0.746 45 18,206 55,354 92 1,178 2 0.789 5.7

Dehradun 45,459 1,706 28,273 3,47,341 695 1,650 609 1.933 2,918 28,206 3,62,582 749 1,803 788 2.690 39.2

Garhwal 76,280 251 48,685 1,40,389 2 23 107 0.430 723 48,570 1,46,549 3 25 138 0.598 38.9

Hardwar 1,18,961 14,285 12,184 3,94,061 8,695 24,248 9,450 5.195 16,648 12,155 4,11,352 9,371 26,501 12,233 5.979 15.1

Nainital 47,816 3,243 31,192 1,95,316 395 4,301 208 2.781 5,306 31,119 2,03,886 426 4,701 269 3.972 42.8

Pithoragarh 43,093 287 38,951 99,381 478 1,657 2 0.889 772 38,860 1,03,742 515 1,811 2 1.210 36.1

Rudraprayag 19,687 5 29,361 48,435 2 1 2 0.698 7 29,292 50,560 3 1 2 0.704 0.9

Tehri Garhwal 58,569 2 40,584 1,26,050 5 3 3 0.373 2 40,489 1,31,581 5 3 4 0.377 1.2Udham SinghNagar 1,42,548 13,510 7,824 3,37,077 15,672 25,690 2,183 4.115 16,671 7,805 3,51,867 16,890 28,077 2,826 4.849 17.9

Uttarkashi 29,685 3 36,706 67,418 2 4 2 0.588 4 36,619 70,376 3 4 2 0.593 0.8

Total 7,41,099 33,341 4,46,226 20,68,790 26,047 58,661 12,579 2.211 43,114 4,45,178 21,59,564 28,072 64,112 16,284 2.640 19.4


WAPCOS LTD D-16

Table D-11 : District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in West Bengal State.

Name of District

NetAreaSown(ha)


farmpower

availability

Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

Electric

Motors

DieselEngine

s

Power

tiller

FarmPower


Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

Electric

Motors

DieselEngine

s

Power

tiller

FarmPower


Bankura 384,130 4,563 318,709 379,932 20,462 39,889 3,389 1.503 6,500 306,161 395,294 22,053 42,236 3,838 1.680 11.8

Barddhaman 466,630 27,829 126,489 815,971 1,752 6,100 191 1.836 39,642 121,508 848,963 1,889 6,459 217 2.502 36.3

Birbhum 311,450 9,759 242,433 370,012 21,868 39,777 1,110 2.168 13,902 232,888 384,972 23,568 42,117 1,257 2.571 18.6

Dakshin Dinajpur 193,220 1,700 113,207 176,526 1,999 28,149 327 1.362 2,422 108,750 183,664 2,154 29,804 370 1.504 10.5

Darjiling 143,000 1,625 25,848 194,603 643 1,255 212 0.507 2,315 24,831 202,471 693 1,329 240 0.639 25.9

Haora 87,110 2,141 2,030 511,498 1,298 13,588 3,931 2.125 3,049 1,950 532,179 1,399 14,387 4,452 2.498 17.5

Hugli 225,170 2,908 41,086 583,205 17,689 61,32510,18

8 2.605 4,143 39,468 606,785 19,064 64,93311,53

8 2.897 11.2

Jalpaiguri 337,460 9,678 176,127 408,814 2,349 7,355 836 1.169 13,786 169,192 425,344 2,532 7,787 947 1.493 27.7

Cooch Behar 257,000 264 162,414 298,214 2,561 17,778 1,575 0.784 376 156,020 310,272 2,760 18,824 1,784 0.818 4.4

Maldah 232,260 4,212 117,897 422,368 4,810 32,707 2,300 1.678 6,001 113,255 439,445 5,184 34,631 2,604 1.935 15.3

Murshidabad 403,820 8,284 49,329 750,340 29,747 76,712 1,516 2.032 11,800 47,387 780,679 32,060 81,224 1,717 2.348 15.5

Nadia 307,220 3,991 36,685 546,028 61,131 82,231 2,909 2.761 5,685 35,240 568,105 65,884 87,069 3,295 3.060 10.8North Twenty FourParganas 257,450 2,704 352,903 1,065,209 46,107 93,453 3,301 3.769 3,852 339,009 1,108,278 49,692 98,950 3,738 4.054 7.6

Paschim Medinipur 565,280 4,353 391,475 627,883 14,897 58,000 7,241 1.264 6,201 376,062 653,271 16,055 61,411 8,200 1.392 10.1

Purba Medinipur 297,290 4,132 150,877 538,184 12,151 52,040 3,254 1.839 5,885 144,937 559,944 13,096 55,101 3,685 2.066 12.4

Puruliya 339,140 989 54,962 309,327 2,053 4,726 212 0.287 1,409 52,798 321,834 2,212 5,004 240 0.326 13.4South Twenty FourParganas 383,450 1,535 17,810 861,347 4,464 33,754 4,063 0.830 2,187 17,109 896,174 4,811 35,740 4,602 0.918 10.7

Uttar Dinajpur 272,580 3,472 32,450 317,026 3,982 35,023 657 1.223 4,946 31,172 329,845 4,292 37,083 744 1.413 15.5

Total5,463,66

0 94,1412,412,73

1 9,176,486249,96

3683,86

347,21

2 1.620 134,1022,317,73

7 9,547,519269,39

8724,09

053,46

7 1.869 15.3


WAPCOS LTD D-17

Table D-12:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Jharkhand State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown (ha)


change infarm

poweravailabilit

y

Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

Electric

Motors

DieselEngine

s

Power

tiller

FarmPower


Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

Electric

Motors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower


Bokaro 15,510 745 90,432 202,942 340 643 120 4.480 1,375 85,075 219,195 367 741 178 5.524 23.3

Chatra 45,070 603 90,919 102,588 230 3,004 62 1.630 1,114 85,533 110,803 248 3,461 91 1.951 19.7

Deoghar 63,680 538 135,087 146,836 151 1,985 56 1.330 994 127,085 158,596 163 2,287 82 1.508 13.4

Dhanbad 34,600 415 77,924 264,038 369 304 28 1.644 867 73,308 285,184 398 350 41 1.977 20.3

Dumka 119,100 320 163,536 130,027 236 1,283 37 0.716 891 153,848 140,441 255 1,478 55 0.825 15.2

Garhwa 64,770 926 97,756 130,154 1,153 2,707 164 1.361 1,709 91,965 140,578 1,243 3,118 241 1.698 24.8

Giridih 77,590 1,682 197,070 240,666 180 2,566 170 1.892 3,106 185,396 259,940 194 2,956 250 2.361 24.8

Godda 78,210 471 71,692 129,071 170 785 40 0.655 870 67,445 139,408 183 905 59 0.785 19.8

Gumla 161,750 367 151,022 100,949 194 1,018 124 0.489 777 142,076 109,034 209 1,173 182 0.545 11.3Hazaribagh 106,140 1,353 122,794 170,667 2,238 5,381 850 1.259 2,498 115,519 184,336 2,412 6,199 1,252 1.592 26.4

Jamtara 55,340 1,807 86,401 77,775 98 484 34 1.575 2,337 81,283 84,004 105 558 50 1.805 14.6

Koderma 17,040 566 37,615 70,587 78 1,186 368 2.441 1,045 35,387 76,240 84 1,367 542 3.259 33.5

Latehar 59,770 155 92,561 71,424 29 955 15 0.809 453 87,077 77,144 31 1,100 23 0.923 14.1

Lohardaga 39,640 302 51,871 45,446 65 1,401 43 0.963 624 48,799 49,086 71 1,615 64 1.184 22.9

Pakur 57,840 153 76,116 88,503 29 361 25 0.685 385 71,607 95,591 31 416 36 0.773 12.8

Palamau 97,750 1,610 129,448 190,580 1,313 2,750 337 1.257 2,973 121,780 205,843 1,415 3,169 496 1.636 30.1

Ranchi 255,850 1,190 140,032 286,612 1,695 7,394 352 0.579 2,198 131,737 309,566 1,826 8,518 519 0.705 21.6

Sahebganj 41,460 374 32,692 113,191 9 565 93 0.761 690 30,755 122,256 10 651 137 0.971 27.6

Saraikela 60,420 202 84,346 104,670 12 252 6 0.729 487 79,349 113,052 13 290 9 0.832 14.1

Simdega 81,670 313 118,523 59,036 38 557 62 0.732 625 111,501 63,764 41 641 91 0.810 10.6

Total1,533,20

0 14,0932,047,83

7 2,725,762 8,628 35,583 2,984 0.998 26,0181,926,52

4 2,944,059 9,299 40,992 4,397 1.205 20.7


WAPCOS LTD D-18

Table D-13:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Himachal Pradesh State.

Name ofDistrict

NetAreaSown(ha)


change infarmpower

availability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Bilaspur 29,187 1,224 11,145 40,363 2,799 336 37 1.735 1,532 10,635 41,995 3,178 449 52 2.079 19.8

Chamba 41,643 245 47,615 54,814 12 25 778 0.763 306 45,437 57,030 14 33 1,078 0.826 8.3

Hamirpur 35,295 1,035 1,912 47,994 1,670 56 94 1.053 1,295 1,824 49,935 1,897 74 131 1.279 21.5

Kangra 115,748 1,669 47,370 159,231 5,435 1,359 1,147 0.896 2,089 45,203 165,670 6,171 1,814 1,589 1.053 17.6

Kinnaur 8,310 67 503 8,906 0 5 3 0.292 84 480 9,266 0 7 4 0.348 19.1

Kullu 38,485 423 11,043 46,217 274 135 137 0.522 529 10,538 48,086 311 180 190 0.609 16.7Lahaul &Spiti 3,396 100 900 3,331 0 3 37 0.986 125 859 3,465 0 4 52 1.202 21.9

Mandi 88,775 957 58,253 105,595 982 98 74 0.642 1,198 55,588 109,864 1,115 131 103 0.713 11.1

Shimla 85,944 145 18,776 85,930 90 14 29 0.184 181 17,917 89,405 103 19 40 0.194 5.9

Sirmaur 40,307 501 33,869 56,009 2,409 229 2,050 1.251 627 32,320 58,274 2,735 306 2,842 1.471 17.6

Solan 37,746 924 19,299 60,923 2,724 527 1,567 1.491 1,156 18,416 63,386 3,093 704 2,172 1.798 20.6

Una 38,529 2,704 4,243 55,047 6,339 1,042 1,616 2.940 3,384 4,049 57,273 7,197 1,391 2,239 3.625 23.3

Total 563,365 9,994 254,927 724,360 22,734 3,829 7,569 0.962 12,505 243,265 753,648 25,813 5,113 10,492 1.135 18.0


WAPCOS LTD D-19

Table D-14:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Jammu & Kashmir State.

Name ofDistrict

NetAreaSown(ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percentchange in

farmpower


animalsAgricultural


DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Anantnag 47,861 1,510 1,827 113,014 83 2,495 31 1.258 1,970 1,755 117,584 97 2,878 42 1.560 24.0

Baramula 64,552 2,565 3,244 107,283 482 1,461 1,734 1.444 3,346 3,116 111,621 564 1,686 2,366 1.842 27.5

Budgam 43,688 55 880 79,797 215 336 393 0.243 72 845 83,024 252 388 536 0.285 17.0

Doda 305,811 0 27,354 43,270 0 0 0 0.041 0 26,277 45,019 0 0 0 0.040 -2.6

Jammu 91,095 8,289 13,784 161,258 8,017 3,005 4,370 3.300 10,814 13,241 167,778 9,369 3,467 5,965 4.206 27.5

Kargil 1,006 62 99 15,148 3 7 0 2.454 81 95 15,761 3 8 0 2.983 21.5

Kathua 60,543 3,305 45,952 65,047 2,662 355 1,132 2.067 4,312 44,143 67,677 3,111 409 1,545 2.563 24.0

Kupwara 49,581 410 9,884 92,499 19 255 56 0.422 535 9,495 96,240 23 294 77 0.495 17.5

Leh 27,617 854 4,196 15,541 17 152 0 0.926 1,114 4,031 16,169 20 176 0 1.176 27.0

Poonch 27,617 169 9,404 50,374 2 107 10 0.404 220 9,033 52,411 2 123 14 0.455 12.7

Pulwama 32,697 927 217 60,224 129 1,660 270 1.180 1,209 209 62,659 151 1,915 369 1.472 24.8

Rajouri 53,082 352 20,101 65,423 141 103 122 0.412 459 19,310 68,068 165 118 167 0.470 14.0

Srinagar 8,316 278 13 132,075 115 526 36 2.098 363 13 137,415 134 607 49 2.469 17.6

Udhampur 44,631 330 49,595 58,671 76 72 92 0.708 430 47,642 61,043 89 83 125 0.759 7.3

Total 858,097 19,106 186,548 1,059,626 11,961 10,532 8,245 0.900 24,926 179,203 1,102,470 13,978 12,151 11,254 1.115 23.9


WAPCOS LTD D-20

Table D-15:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Kerala State.

Name of DistrictNet AreaSown (ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percentchange in

farmpower


animalsAgricultural


DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Alappuzha 90,685 389 7 109,775 46,470 827 266 2.136 503 7 116,996 54,030 880 330 2.489 16.5

Ernakulam 162,102 432 11 169,679 46,297 1,553 989 1.267 559 10 180,840 53,828 1,652 1,225 1.474 16.4

Idukki 222,590 259 53 57,292 17,412 2,763 424 0.413 336 51 61,061 20,245 2,940 525 0.477 15.5

Kannur 171,639 43 12 130,660 28,584 4,004 620 0.812 56 11 139,255 33,234 4,261 767 0.930 14.5

Kasaragod 115,572 303 167 67,388 36,571 12,031 2,005 1.949 392 161 71,821 42,520 12,801 2,484 2.222 14.0

Kollam 121,776 216 2 136,044 11,663 147 136 0.470 280 2 144,992 13,560 156 168 0.546 16.4

Kottayam 167,411 43 13 102,400 7,790 896 277 0.249 56 12 109,136 9,058 953 343 0.285 14.5

Kozhikode 149,320 43 29 159,833 11,284 783 190 0.377 56 28 170,346 13,119 833 236 0.432 14.5

Malappuram 179,393 648 127 212,674 33,598 7,881 310 1.103 839 122 226,664 39,064 8,385 384 1.265 14.7

Palakkad 196,442 2,594 776 145,417 20,114 2,966 1,549 0.891 3,356 745 154,983 23,386 3,155 1,919 1.072 20.3

Pathanamthitta 90,158 86 21 61,849 4,706 85 82 0.263 112 20 65,918 5,471 90 101 0.305 16.2

Thiruvananthapuram 116,598 1,600 2 171,097 21,328 224 201 1.129 2,070 2 182,352 24,798 238 249 1.352 19.8

Thrissur 134,174 519 17 160,908 78,936 2,889 766 2.490 671 17 171,492 91,778 3,074 949 2.893 16.2

Wayanad 122,139 648 65 42,243 3,061 1,637 1,435 0.390 839 62 45,022 3,559 1,741 1,777 0.467 19.9

Total 2,040,000 7,825 1,302 1,727,260 367,813 38,684 9,250 0.941 10,124 1,250 1,840,878 427,652 41,160 11,458 1.095 16.3


WAPCOS LTD D-21

Table D-16:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Maharashtra State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown (ha)


change infarm

poweravailability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Ahmadnagar 1,093,800 15,348 229,007 452,669 281,178 5,153 1,394 1.451 27,656 219,991 485,719 324,836 5,822 1,730 1.896 30.7

Akola 433,300 2,592 90,973 181,206 24,233 756 217 0.476 4,671 87,392 194,436 27,996 854 269 0.634 33.1

Amravati 751,000 3,566 165,455 287,741 76,187 1,499 278 0.615 6,426 158,940 308,749 88,017 1,693 345 0.773 25.6

Aurangabad 688,400 6,114 217,776 368,259 122,681 1,382 31 1.050 11,018 209,202 395,146 141,730 1,561 38 1.337 27.3

Bhandara 179,000 537 79,617 119,448 22,814 1,991 61 0.817 968 76,482 128,170 26,357 2,249 76 0.957 17.2

Bid 748,500 2,018 235,392 257,663 120,632 2,032 308 0.821 3,636 226,124 276,475 139,363 2,295 383 0.969 18.0

Buldana 669,400 3,665 192,707 257,870 115,836 2,594 780 0.940 6,604 185,120 276,697 133,822 2,930 968 1.156 22.9

Chandrapur 453,200 1,260 224,851 218,635 27,959 9,121 131 0.628 2,271 215,998 234,597 32,301 10,304 162 0.731 16.4

Dhule 433,200 1,491 161,246 204,139 75,243 1,232 1,153 0.928 2,687 154,897 219,043 86,926 1,391 1,430 1.102 18.7

Gadchiroli 172,800 696 199,884 106,793 7,986 8,028 117 1.010 1,253 192,014 114,590 9,226 9,069 145 1.141 12.9

Gondiya 182,600 1,127 138,213 131,756 15,151 3,224 67 0.893 2,031 132,771 141,376 17,504 3,642 83 1.074 20.3

Hingoli 330,000 1,049 117,997 117,472 71,275 2,580 58 1.081 1,890 113,351 126,049 82,342 2,915 72 1.273 17.8

Jalgaon 849,100 7,671 244,286 420,920 95,447 2,838 3,072 0.825 13,822 234,668 451,652 110,267 3,206 3,811 1.083 31.3

Jalna 573,300 2,647 193,050 195,142 107,153 4,210 58 0.999 4,770 185,449 209,389 123,791 4,756 72 1.204 20.6

Kolhapur 431,600 7,024 65,599 386,004 65,697 7,748 2,375 1.222 12,657 63,017 414,186 75,898 8,752 2,946 1.671 36.8

Latur 518,100 1,775 137,387 244,668 78,505 789 253 0.786 3,199 131,978 262,532 90,695 891 314 0.944 20.1

Nagpur 549,300 1,710 58 463,638 87,379 4,867 628 0.768 3,081 56 497,489 100,946 5,498 779 0.936 21.8

Nanded 708,600 1,206 147,745 334,446 69,530 2,103 514 0.531 2,173 141,928 358,864 80,326 2,375 638 0.625 17.7

Nandurbar 296,000 2,377 225,945 164,024 34,138 1,080 97 0.976 4,283 217,049 175,999 39,439 1,220 121 1.204 23.4

Nashik 883,300 19,747 141,772 608,701 289,122 4,706 3,513 1.942 35,581 136,190 653,143 334,013 5,316 4,359 2.607 34.3

Osmanabad 478,100 3,419 326,086 165,432 148,878 1,005 403 1.632 6,160 313,247 177,510 171,995 1,136 500 1.954 19.8

Parbhani 482,800 70 104,797 182,936 3,527 39 42 0.133 126 100,671 196,292 4,074 44 52 0.139 4.2

Pune 919,000 12,546 156,933 939,295 202,538 10,336 1,622 1.361 22,607 150,754 1,007,874 233,986 11,676 2,012 1.785 31.2

Raigarh 188,600 113 131,667 262,589 27,990 2,484 483 0.988 204 126,483 281,760 32,336 2,806 600 1.093 10.7

WAPCOS LTD D-22

Ratnagiri 244,400 37 72,017 160,685 11,012 831 150 0.338 66 69,182 172,417 12,722 939 186 0.368 9.0

Sangli 585,700 3,522 120,430 281,040 70,235 6,031 2,472 0.784 6,347 115,688 301,559 81,141 6,813 3,067 0.991 26.3

Satara 539,900 7,703 53,173 299,308 89,933 7,811 1,278 1.148 13,880 51,080 321,161 103,897 8,824 1,585 1.557 35.6

Sindhudurg 140,300 32 73,343 84,581 9,467 1,633 414 0.566 58 70,456 90,756 10,937 1,845 513 0.616 8.9

Solapur 1,024,800 6,220 63,397 429,996 236,485 7,050 969 1.101 11,208 60,901 461,390 273,204 7,964 1,203 1.367 24.2

Thane 244,600 835 103,043 1,101,425 13,117 3,455 4,685 0.859 1,504 98,986 1,181,841 15,154 3,903 5,813 1.008 17.3

Wardha 364,400 177 148,070 129,148 10,051 159 81 0.291 319 142,241 138,577 11,612 180 100 0.312 7.5

Washim 377,800 1,886 92,891 119,240 37,409 2,663 33 0.646 3,398 89,233 127,945 43,218 3,008 41 0.810 25.4

Yavatmal 850,700 2,074 261,366 276,544 66,922 3,842 94 0.514 3,737 251,075 296,735 77,314 4,340 117 0.610 18.7Total 17,385,600 122,256 4,916,171 9,953,412 2,715,714 115,273 27,828 0.944 220,293 4,722,613 10,680,119 3,137,381 130,217 34,529 1.185 25.6


WAPCOS LTD D-23

Table D-17:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Madhya Pradesh State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown (ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percentchange in

farmpower


animalsAgricultural


DieselEngines

Powertiller



animalsAgricultural


DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Anuppur 105,200 571 145,239 79,184 2,789 1,236 125 0.874 736 139,521 81,663 2,943 1,325 140 0.907 3.7

Ashoknagar 307,100 656 16,879 89,268 1,405 1,603 198 0.141 845 16,215 92,063 1,482 1,718 223 0.160 13.6

Balaghat 273,200 862 235,446 179,720 11,940 3,789 232 0.687 1,111 226,176 185,346 12,602 4,061 261 0.714 3.9

Barwani 229,000 2,186 173,177 146,389 34,075 1,756 245 1.168 2,817 166,359 150,972 35,962 1,883 276 1.264 8.2

Betul 404,600 5,525 227,937 166,418 47,384 13,162 1,241 1.224 7,121 218,963 171,628 50,008 14,107 1,399 1.358 11.0

Bhind 320,800 6,557 5,636 179,974 7,815 13,211 554 0.899 8,451 5,414 185,608 8,248 14,159 625 1.076 19.8

Bhopal 153,300 4,213 9,874 250,184 21,028 4,949 898 1.545 5,431 9,485 258,016 22,192 5,304 1,012 1.799 16.5

Burhanpur 104,400 2,076 54,751 79,973 4,169 1,478 481 1.010 2,676 52,595 82,477 4,400 1,584 542 1.170 15.9

Chhatarpur 319,900 2,720 83,696 186,238 43,980 42,223 425 1.606 3,506 80,400 192,068 46,416 45,254 479 1.749 8.9

Chhindwara 484,400 2,513 271,881 220,832 61,835 2,038 1,099 0.880 3,240 261,176 227,745 65,259 2,185 1,240 0.941 6.9

Damoh 311,400 1,299 84,754 133,505 8,851 5,504 215 0.442 1,675 81,417 137,684 9,341 5,899 242 0.483 9.4

Datia 186,700 3,910 19,972 83,077 13,681 13,424 163 1.288 5,039 19,185 85,678 14,439 14,388 184 1.490 15.6

Dewas 385,800 18,809 91,379 165,135 41,415 4,795 2,551 1.888 24,242 87,782 170,305 43,709 5,139 2,876 2.284 21.0

Dhar 504,500 14,474 197,621 230,801 75,780 7,485 1,782 1.579 18,655 189,840 238,026 79,977 8,022 2,009 1.830 15.9

Dindori 203,700 49 171,740 74,398 120 508 34 0.362 63 164,979 76,727 126 544 39 0.353 -2.5

Guna 314,500 14,061 58,245 131,100 46,511 32,023 2,538 2.421 18,123 55,952 135,204 49,087 34,321 2,862 2.833 17.0

Gwalior 195,700 15,518 10,101 214,518 17,300 6,265 1,056 2.681 20,001 9,703 221,234 18,258 6,714 1,191 3.314 23.6

Harda 180,600 4,396 33,963 60,250 16,091 7,365 704 1.303 5,665 32,626 62,136 16,982 7,894 794 1.522 16.8

Hoshangabad 300,900 5,282 40,931 131,104 21,310 7,824 1,151 0.961 6,808 39,320 135,208 22,490 8,386 1,298 1.119 16.5

Indore 257,200 20,023 15,653 345,708 67,071 1,095 773 3.128 25,807 15,037 356,530 70,785 1,174 872 3.773 20.6

Jabalpur 273,800 3,752 62,300 259,964 18,551 1,813 1,396 0.808 4,836 59,847 268,102 19,578 1,943 1,574 0.929 15.0

Jhabua 359,500 838 170,385 108,191 27,041 13,757 193 0.752 1,080 163,677 111,578 28,538 14,745 218 0.794 5.6

Katni 192,700 1,178 113,871 136,461 12,524 5,256 219 0.819 1,518 109,388 140,733 13,217 5,633 247 0.882 7.7

Mandla 214,300 425 146,154 111,300 12,524 5,256 99 0.693 548 140,400 114,784 13,217 5,633 111 0.721 4.0

Mandsaur 358,700 27,466 40,377 141,547 1,729 1,327 2,740 2.142 35,400 38,787 145,979 1,825 1,423 3,089 2.727 27.3

WAPCOS LTD D-24

Morena 262,700 13,563 16,027 207,608 74,669 5,520 786 2.596 17,481 15,396 214,107 78,803 5,916 886 3.055 17.7

Narsimhapur 303,700 3,764 46,919 115,380 14,717 25,172 2,195 1.085 4,852 45,072 118,992 15,532 26,978 2,474 1.225 12.9

Neemuch 183,800 13,041 35,868 87,259 31,450 1,628 1,293 2.672 16,808 34,456 89,991 33,192 1,745 1,457 3.248 21.6

Panna 234,100 3,193 91,854 107,339 34,590 3,560 125 1.163 4,116 88,237 110,699 36,505 3,816 140 1.297 11.6

Raisen 431,100 9,483 52,147 140,688 18,178 20,114 3,092 1.094 12,223 50,094 145,093 19,185 21,558 3,486 1.291 18.0

Rajgarh 425,800 7,880 121,589 163,385 62,620 9,949 670 1.295 10,157 116,802 168,500 66,088 10,663 755 1.471 13.6

Ratlam 333,000 11,475 73,098 153,660 46,028 3,283 193 1.576 14,789 70,220 158,470 48,577 3,519 218 1.866 18.4

Rewa 352,200 2,793 191,283 249,719 24,757 8,651 1,520 0.871 3,600 183,752 257,537 26,128 9,272 1,714 0.951 9.2

Sagar 537,400 9,374 68,032 251,256 39,001 27,010 825 1.085 12,082 65,353 259,122 41,160 28,949 930 1.252 15.3

Satna 341,300 4,456 128,096 235,444 3,991 3,871 515 0.633 5,744 123,052 242,815 4,212 4,149 581 0.735 16.1

Sehore 385,200 12,519 49,583 138,502 30,205 10,929 2,736 1.404 16,135 47,631 142,838 31,878 11,714 3,084 1.680 19.7

Seoni 371,700 1,324 203,297 145,672 29,654 13,948 417 0.832 1,706 195,292 150,233 31,296 14,949 470 0.883 6.2

Shahdol 172,800 729 191,491 112,511 22,632 7,658 279 1.306 939 183,951 116,034 23,885 8,208 315 1.368 4.8

Shajapur 453,300 13,454 73,516 159,773 70,742 11,987 966 1.591 17,340 70,622 164,775 74,660 12,847 1,089 1.857 16.7

Sheopur 157,500 9,350 33,900 72,679 8,522 8,697 481 2.181 12,051 32,565 74,954 8,994 9,322 542 2.661 22.0

Shivpuri 393,900 8,427 147,728 182,325 32,674 46,920 421 1.704 10,861 141,912 188,033 34,484 50,288 475 1.926 13.0

Sidhi 353,600 5,780 148,477 119,011 24,526 7,815 7,464 1.102 7,449 142,631 122,737 25,884 8,376 8,415 1.257 14.1

Tikamgarh 208,800 2,586 101,241 152,649 57,419 40,570 739 2.669 3,333 97,255 157,428 60,599 43,482 833 2.894 8.4

Ujjain 491,500 22,524 38,316 209,875 65,718 4,631 3,238 1.831 29,031 36,807 216,446 69,357 4,963 3,651 2.212 20.8

Umaria 160,400 801 115,562 67,991 2,833 3,166 3,268 0.715 1,033 111,012 70,120 2,990 3,393 3,685 0.769 7.5

Vidisha 531,400 1,518 21,124 154,054 3,885 6,834 2,173 0.226 1,956 20,292 158,876 4,100 7,324 2,450 0.257 13.7Total 14,027,100 317,389 4,431,109 7,132,016 1,315,731 471,057 54,507 1.293 409,077 4,256,649 7,355,292 1,388,592 504,867 61,454 1.495 15.6


WAPCOS LTD D-25

Table D-18:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Chattisgarh State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown (ha)


change infarm

poweravailability

Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability

(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller


(kW/ha)

Raipur 164,113 5,848 63,306 342,721 22,783 2,197 590 1.790 8,558 60,814 356,578 24,555 2,326 925 2.28 27.1

Gariyaband 140,135 1,075 73,498 50,810 17,935 1,406 42 0.949 1,954 70,604 52,865 19,330 1,489 65 1.15 20.8

Balodabazaar 234,951 4,032 139,811 96,654 9,169 2,624 26 0.902 5,976 134,306 100,562 9,882 2,778 41 1.125 24.7

Mahasamund 267,977 6,946 134,645 150,295 26,753 3,968 235 1.353 10,121 129,344 156,372 28,834 4,201 369 1.692 25.1

Dhamtari 146,530 4,697 72,997 115,702 48,149 1,412 391 2.350 6,921 70,123 120,380 51,892 1,495 613 2.847 21.1

Durg 147,146 4,693 56,737 323,599 714 437 678 1.149 6,578 54,503 336,683 769 463 1,063 1.499 30.5

Balodabazaar 177,370 2,276 100,209 69,276 27,495 2,507 118 1.226 3,477 96,263 72,077 29,632 2,654 185 1.446 18.0

Bantera 225,705 3,679 84,016 58,082 51,114 3,519 11 1.505 5,473 80,708 60,430 55,088 3,726 18 1.778 18.1

Rajnandgaon 343,732 5,180 207,472 223,742 32,395 3,991 399 1.075 7,609 199,304 232,788 34,914 4,226 626 1.287 19.6

Kabirdham 186,182 3,279 90,972 105,883 17,781 333 183 1.043 4,903 87,390 110,164 19,163 352 287 1.295 24.2

Jagdalpur 173,295 1,586 150,179 7,407 4,818 1,828 51 0.734 2,495 144,266 7,707 5,193 1,935 80 0.870 18.6

Kondagaon 131,573 863 123,889 85,647 5,766 1,866 10 0.803 1,564 119,011 89,110 6,214 1,975 15 0.947 17.9

Kaker 212,530 2,043 137,277 158,184 19,470 4,674 90 0.998 3,145 131,872 164,580 20,984 4,949 141 1.160 16.2

Dantewada 102,597 269 80,310 55,520 318 103 18 0.411 621 77,149 57,765 343 110 29 0.492 19.6

Sukma 103,440 88 82,529 57,053 70 16 1 0.356 363 79,279 59,360 75 17 1 0.415 16.5

Narayanpur 32,516 52 23,719 10,260 177 118 2 0.375 152 22,785 10,675 190 125 3 0.448 19.5

Bijapur 65,966 182 62,695 4,688 475 300 7 0.489 497 60,227 4,878 512 317 11 0.604 23.4

Bilaspur 233,938 3,847 174,685 162,725 216 1,377 626 0.799 5,712 167,807 169,304 233 1,458 982 1.008 26.2

Mungeli 127,975 1,894 50,362 34,816 184 41 27 0.558 2,621 48,379 36,224 198 44 42 0.702 25.8

Korba 131,060 1,333 106,071 32,495 1,674 1,921 29 0.716 2,135 101,895 33,809 1,804 2,034 46 0.873 22.0

Janjgir 257,330 5,668 155,296 55,989 22,316 3,732 167 1.221 8,302 149,182 58,253 24,051 3,952 261 1.511 23.8

Raigarh 254,304 5,227 167,613 69,315 4,667 2,093 661 0.929 7,675 161,014 72,118 5,029 2,216 1,036 1.187 27.8

Surguja 159,165 2,266 182,390 99,594 4,918 223 490 0.978 3,463 175,209 103,621 5,300 236 768 1.177 20.4

Surajpur 157,306 994 140,648 97,232 16,002 1,898 43 0.981 1,856 135,110 101,164 17,247 2,010 67 1.146 16.8

Balrampur 155,152 848 148,631 102,752 6,316 2,525 12 0.782 1,756 142,780 106,906 6,807 2,673 19 0.939 20.1

Koriya 105,728 1,009 97,437 43,208 4,505 1,505 118 0.863 1,673 93,601 44,955 4,855 1,593 185 1.035 19.9

WAPCOS LTD D-26

Jashpur 242,720 1,551 174,821 84,559 3,112 3,982 298 0.604 2,445 167,938 87,978 3,354 4,216 468 0.703 16.4

Total 4,680,436 71,424 3,082,216 2,698,209 349,292 50,595 5,324 1.020 108,046 2,960,864 2,807,305 376,450 53,570 8,345 1.245 22.0


WAPCOS LTD D-27

Table D-19: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Odisha State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown(ha)


change infarm

poweravailability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Anugul 180,540 3,905 141,959 212,922 10,646 3,508 310 1.259 4,406 136,370 275,844 13,645 3,720 594 1.414 12.3

Balasore 198,570 6,662 137,741 467,738 29,409 8,785 6,164 2.227 7,169 132,318 785,476 37,078 9,315 10,561 2.645 18.8

Bargarh 321,240 15,239 139,989 400,934 14,706 8,584 6,394 1.897 13,158 134,477 651,868 21,688 9,102 10,437 1.920 1.2

Bhadrak 167,480 3,402 75,455 280,917 10,694 96 2,597 1.112 4,104 72,484 411,834 12,146 102 4,206 1.339 20.5

Balangir 290,380 4,709 173,089 316,065 14,318 7,083 849 1.040 5,845 166,274 482,130 19,534 7,511 1,333 1.245 19.8

Boudh 85,670 353 83,881 163,370 5,763 2,908 356 1.037 512 80,579 176,740 6,923 3,083 551 1.153 11.2

Cuttack 127,840 17,309 78,149 326,818 37,834 3,841 6,804 5.455 17,985 75,072 503,636 44,459 4,073 5,826 5.812 6.5

Deogarh 71,920 423 79,301 131,546 4,731 1,209 474 1.038 519 76,179 113,092 5,544 1,282 918 1.126 8.4

Dhenkanal 138,445 2,126 102,227 201,511 8,267 1,345 1,572 1.093 2,495 98,202 253,022 10,003 1,426 2,750 1.267 16.0

Gajapati 76,259 1,233 84,406 196,691 4,178 208 37 1.192 1,414 81,082 243,382 4,067 220 83 1.267 6.3

Ganjam 368,257 10,276 166,482 494,081 17,843 6,715 5,198 1.328 12,516 159,928 838,162 20,629 7,121 8,735 1.614 21.6

Jagatsinghpur 81,247 2,872 40,450 223,113 24,712 3,538 1,866 2.747 3,209 38,857 296,226 28,576 3,751 2,997 3.162 15.1

Jajpur 124,852 53 82,226 287,486 26,626 3,725 1,921 1.419 343 78,989 424,972 31,087 3,950 3,120 1.721 21.3

Jharsuguda 65,710 1,391 60,485 128,764 5,479 2,928 2,163 1.743 1,540 58,104 107,528 6,041 3,105 4,055 1.980 13.6

Kalahandi 325,123 6,781 143,861 331,770 10,233 1,942 4,765 0.996 7,405 138,197 513,540 13,009 2,059 7,687 1.151 15.6

Kendrapara 121,866 1,397 44,790 268,111 12,280 3,485 4,946 1.309 2,028 43,026 386,222 13,820 3,696 7,925 1.680 28.4

Keonjhar 251,390 4,058 247,584 318,476 12,785 2,213 2,687 1.156 4,703 237,836 486,952 16,603 2,346 5,314 1.360 17.6

Khordha 101,370 8,824 58,035 218,865 13,824 1,396 1,373 3.255 9,608 55,750 287,730 16,082 1,481 2,262 3.618 11.2

Koraput 238,690 4,287 205,610 324,932 5,182 838 864 0.984 5,064 197,514 499,864 6,358 888 1,548 1.129 14.6

Malkangiri 151,250 706 127,149 218,845 4,666 623 680 0.676 1,092 122,142 287,690 5,140 661 1,378 0.792 17.1

Mayurbhanj 351,190 6,071 323,696 391,665 20,976 3,878 4,708 1.215 6,932 310,952 633,330 30,810 4,112 8,851 1.473 21.2

Nabarangpur 194,070 3,975 191,144 282,363 4,893 4,123 274 1.202 4,365 183,618 414,726 6,368 4,372 600 1.318 9.7

Nayagarh 110,750 2,686 85,353 203,243 10,730 1,542 796 1.494 2,900 81,992 256,486 12,194 1,635 1,323 1.637 9.6

Nuapada 190,620 2,146 105,094 183,441 7,038 1,337 428 0.740 2,313 100,956 216,882 8,603 1,418 633 0.802 8.4

Phulbani 76,341 1,662 163,028 177,893 3,766 1,352 133 1.788 1,783 156,609 205,786 4,139 1,428 322 1.853 3.6

Puri 115,445 3,659 65,500 301,907 19,603 12,415 2,055 2.504 3,487 62,922 453,814 23,381 13,165 3,311 2.741 9.5

Rayagada 139,560 3,431 124,277 217,728 4,905 768 368 1.234 3,825 119,384 285,456 5,948 814 633 1.358 10.1

Sambalpur 190,254 5,976 126,333 220,707 7,601 1,498 5,768 1.492 6,456 121,359 291,414 10,128 1,588 9,842 1.738 16.5

Sonepur 128,520 301 71,179 191,565 7,594 2,604 2,843 0.802 1,083 68,376 233,130 9,059 2,761 4,439 1.087 35.6

Sundargarh 272,584 4,590 252,418 266,842 9,444 6,117 3,174 1.159 5,798 242,480 383,684 13,172 6,487 6,224 1.404 21.1Total 5,257,433 130,505 3,780,891 7,950,309 370,726 100,602 72,565 1.442 144,057 3,632,031 11,400,618 456,234 106,674 118,456 1.647 14.2


WAPCOS LTD D-28

Table D-20: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Rajasthan State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown (ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percentchange in

farmpower

availability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller



animalsAgricultural


DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Ajmer 449,049 6,467 13,456 273,085 22,683 36,610 60 1.062 8,296 11,952 274,235 24,605 38,986 88 1.213 14.2

Alwar 505,698 21,258 1,497 387,930 95,350 114,765 205 3.107 27,269 1,330 398,619 103,429 122,214 302 3.561 14.6

Banswara 226,812 6,025 262,517 189,971 5,863 17,084 24 1.693 7,729 233,181 195,206 6,360 18,193 35 1.877 10.9

Baran 342,298 11,622 32,317 129,302 22,455 45,930 130 1.937 14,909 28,706 132,865 24,358 48,911 192 2.255 16.4

Barmer 1,708,916 5,220 13,832 275,149 21,781 15,266 45 0.188 6,696 12,287 282,730 23,627 16,256 66 0.218 15.8

Bharatpur 396,313 22,011 2,269 269,303 16,905 87,708 76 2.884 28,235 2,015 276,724 18,338 93,400 112 3.389 17.5

Bhilwara 426,033 13,713 74,396 254,654 46,476 48,767 383 1.986 17,591 66,083 261,671 50,414 51,932 566 2.295 15.6

Bikaner 1,628,977 13,505 16,811 250,142 7,339 2,306 97 0.253 17,324 14,933 257,034 7,961 2,456 144 0.316 24.9

Bundi 262,669 8,571 26,464 117,660 22,963 45,571 57 2.209 10,994 23,507 120,902 24,909 48,528 84 2.537 14.9

Chittorgarh 311,905 10,610 92,784 163,158 94,328 58,888 797 3.218 13,609 82,415 167,654 102,321 62,710 1,177 3.627 12.7

Churu 1,164,369 9,739 4,090 215,641 8,790 651 31 0.260 12,493 3,633 221,582 9,535 693 45 0.325 24.8

Dausa 229,502 14,155 4,148 172,966 44,205 47,892 55 3.537 18,157 3,685 177,732 47,951 51,000 81 4.129 16.7

Dholpur 157,670 11,700 1,087 127,545 1,892 16,382 25 2.607 15,009 966 131,059 2,052 17,445 36 3.197 22.6

Dungarpur 134,470 4,792 161,304 146,732 8,922 16,382 4 2.368 6,147 143,278 150,775 9,678 17,445 6 2.647 11.8

Ganganagar 773,854 12,609 31,383 208,071 1,895 5,505 29 0.503 16,175 27,876 213,804 2,056 5,862 43 0.626 24.3

Hanumangarh 833,937 8,714 26,632 188,012 9,262 31,836 185 0.552 11,177 23,656 193,193 10,047 33,902 273 0.646 17.0

Jaipur 676,259 31,543 4,942 704,019 154,434 37,212 494 2.429 40,462 4,390 723,417 167,520 39,627 729 2.868 18.1

Jaisalmer 698,394 1,441 6,485 70,995 1,571 214 22 0.073 1,849 5,760 72,951 1,705 228 33 0.089 21.8

Jalore 681,902 10,012 12,208 193,347 49,614 42,938 150 1.027 12,843 10,844 198,675 53,818 45,725 221 1.182 15.0

Jhalawar 332,235 8,817 73,711 149,100 50,024 55,012 64 2.285 11,311 65,473 153,209 54,263 58,583 94 2.580 12.9

Jhunjhunu 417,047 9,428 540 226,045 75,490 5,298 81 1.360 12,094 480 232,274 81,887 5,642 120 1.589 16.9

Jodhpur 1,341,096 16,479 7,403 389,376 25,547 2,484 142 0.419 21,139 6,576 400,105 27,712 2,645 210 0.517 23.3

Karauli 201,756 8,025 7,580 154,080 24,945 36,162 37 2.553 10,294 6,733 158,325 27,059 38,509 55 2.950 15.6

Kota 271,222 7,545 11,958 206,061 24,444 23,555 95 1.603 9,678 10,621 211,738 26,515 25,084 140 1.868 16.5

Nagour 1,276,410 65,644 5,584 349,606 55,473 4,528 138 1.539 84,205 4,960 359,239 60,174 4,822 204 1.934 25.7

Pali 614,065 7,272 21,246 215,362 30,838 24,173 112 0.747 9,328 18,872 221,296 33,451 25,742 166 0.864 15.7

Pratapgarh 177,186 1,052 103,588 91,725 787 147 17 0.425 1,349 92,012 94,252 853 156 26 0.446 5.1

WAPCOS LTD D-29

Rajsamand 93,733 4,181 378,996 122,367 13,170 12,906 47 4.060 5,364 336,643 125,739 14,286 13,743 70 4.315 6.3

S. Madhopur 288,676 11,921 7,774 141,366 6,035 15,598 288 1.498 15,292 6,906 145,261 6,547 16,611 425 1.831 22.2

Sikar 526,108 13,479 2,740 282,891 103,025 12,107 77 1.552 17,291 2,434 290,686 111,754 12,893 113 1.812 16.7

Sirohi 163,368 6,155 27,640 109,574 18,812 15,893 45 2.054 7,896 24,551 112,593 20,406 16,924 66 2.398 16.8

Tonk 479,687 14,116 11,434 150,197 12,279 55,868 142 1.541 18,107 10,156 154,336 13,320 59,494 209 1.809 17.4

Udaipur 242,791 6,740 273,858 324,073 35,011 31,749 98 2.488 8,645 243,254 333,002 37,978 33,810 145 2.741 10.2

Total 18,034,407 404,564 1,722,677 7,249,506 1,112,611 967,385 4,251 1.172 518,956 1,530,167 7,442,882 1,206,887 1,030,172 6,275 1.373 17.2


WAPCOS LTD D-30

Table D-21: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Tripura State.

Name ofDistrict

NetAreaSown(ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percentchange in

farmpower

availability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Dhalai 22,338 376 17,044 39,933 1,392 1,066 670 1.484 525 16,544 45,923 1,740 1,452 248 1.712 15.4NorthTripura 42,762 461 13,963 73,242 1,057 799 774 0.788 645 13,425 84,228 1,321 1,002 991 0.987 25.2SouthTripura 78,061 1,271 15,320 92,455 1,862 2,523 2,510 1.008 1,755 14,256 106,323 2,328 3,384 3,145 1.303 29.2WestTripura 112,081 2,076 9,430 182,198 6,351 2,620 2,668 1.070 2,812 8,745 209,528 7,939 3,402 3,415 1.381 29.0

Total 255,242 4,183 55,757 387,828 10,662 7,008 6,622 1.040 5,737 52,970 446,002 13,328 9,240 7,799 1.320 26.9


WAPCOS LTD D-31

Table D-22: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Assam State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown (ha)


farmpower

availability

Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

Electric

Motors

DieselEngine

s

Powertiller

FarmPower


Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertiller

FarmPower


Baksa 58,536 604 90,275 100,762 75 16 781 1.023 833 86,721 104,836 81 27 838 1.112 8.7

Barpeta 142,605 2,027 48,807 178,878 100 4 10,374 0.974 2,794 46,886 186,111 108 7 11,137 1.142 17.3

Bongaigaon 62,184 851 43,894 77,400 94 2 462 0.735 1,174 42,166 80,530 101 3 496 0.866 17.8

Cachar 140,303 1,127 56,490 183,434 81 32 113 0.436 1,554 54,266 190,851 88 55 121 0.513 17.8

Chirang 77,350 990 52,991 50,902 100 8 894 0.697 1,365 50,904 52,960 108 14 960 0.820 17.6

Darrang 93,457 62 67,992 95,936 107 16 1,542 0.443 86 65,315 99,815 115 27 1,655 0.448 1.3

Dhemaji 70,934 830 166,736 72,692 88 6 396 1.286 1,145 160,172 75,631 95 10 425 1.372 6.7

Dhubri 86,719 1,129 96,559 205,864 113 127 2,425 1.051 1,557 92,757 214,188 122 216 2,604 1.186 12.8

Dibrugarh 134,216 2,603 125,930 140,271 201 12 108 0.926 3,589 120,972 145,942 216 21 116 1.106 19.5

Dima Hasao 42,201 31 2,925 22,558 107 14 92 0.096 43 2,809 23,470 115 24 99 0.106 10.7

Goalpara 80,565 368 70,797 106,592 401 2 2,919 0.741 508 68,010 110,902 432 3 3,133 0.792 6.9

Golahgat 143,321 288 111,831 111,844 75 432 2,800 0.516 397 107,428 116,366 81 734 3,006 0.546 5.8

Hailakandi 52,466 158 39,011 69,648 88 32 1,506 0.598 217 37,475 72,464 95 55 1,616 0.634 6.0

Jorhat 136,726 3,050 105,512 115,290 94 10 36,267 2.406 4,204 101,358 119,952 101 17 38,934 2.726 13.3

Kamrup (R&L) 113,724 3,354 103,875 160,286 113 10 1,079 1.245 4,624 99,785 166,767 122 17 1,158 1.530 22.9

Karbi Anglong 127,476 541 105,733 101,978 100 16 10 0.470 746 101,570 106,101 108 27 11 0.502 6.8

Karimganj 78,051 101 51,122 128,571 107 28 812 0.430 140 49,110 133,769 115 48 872 0.443 2.9

Kokrajhar 94,513 837 86,030 93,708 75 6 462 0.657 1,154 82,643 97,496 81 10 496 0.736 11.9

Lakhimpur 112,643 2,062 205,700 109,939 63 10 1,393 1.292 2,843 197,601 114,385 68 17 1,495 1.453 12.5

Morigaon 73,554 268 66,047 101,193 81 18 5 0.511 370 63,447 105,284 88 31 6 0.538 5.2

Nagaon 218439 2,584 162,414 298,555 88 24 1,773 0.707 3,562 156,019 310,627 95 41 1,903 0.820 15.9

Nalbari 69389 3,595 32,716 81,339 94 30 426 1.632 4,956 31,428 84,627 101 51 458 2.144 31.4

Sivasagar 135138 1,059 108,162 121,519 100 226 1,464 0.626 1,460 103,903 126,433 108 384 1,572 0.705 12.5

WAPCOS LTD D-32

Sonitpur 162496 3,852 214,592 203,471 690 24 719 1.224 5,310 206,143 211,698 743 41 772 1.445 18.0

Tinsukia 127687 1,243 115,041 139,130 75 20 843 0.691 1,713 110,511 144,755 81 34 905 0.779 12.8

Udalguri 110195 459 98,579 87,978 100 22 791 0.533 632 94,698 91,536 108 38 850 0.567 6.3

Total2,744,88

8 34,0752,429,76

2 3,159,738 3,410 1,15070,45

8 0.869 46,9752,334,09

8 3,287,496 3,675 1,95475,64

0 0.993 14.3


WAPCOS LTD D-33

Table 23: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Arunachal Pradesh State.


Sown(ha)


farmpower

availability

Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

Electric

Motors

DieselEngine

s

Powertillers

FarmPower


Tractors

Draught

animals

Agricultural

Labourers

Electric

Motors

DieselEngine

s

Power

tillers

FarmPower


Anjaw 5,575 3 209 2,533 0 0 1 0.052 6 212 2,654 0 2 7 0.076 46.9

Changlang 13,995 3 19,633 17,771 0 0 1 0.603 6 19,918 18,617 0 3 8 0.623 3.4

Dibang Valley 2,578 46 28 955 0 0 35 0.565 118 29 1,000 0 2 72 1.379 144.1

East Kameng 13,822 2 2,417 9,418 0 0 1 0.105 6 2,452 9,867 0 2 18 0.123 16.5

East Siang 17,355 70 13,151 11,893 0 125 42 0.481 162 13,342 12,459 0 178 91 0.658 36.6

Lohit 7,100 302 18,017 17,481 0 161 154 2.446 752 18,278 18,313 0 235 264 4.264 74.3

Lower Subansiri 11,847 6 1,824 9,950 0 0 2 0.115 12 1,850 10,424 0 2 18 0.140 22.2

Papum pare 17,274 3 6,013 21,186 0 0 1 0.198 6 6,100 22,194 0 3 22 0.216 8.8

Tawang 1,274 7 503 6,000 0 0 2 0.538 12 511 6,285 0 5 12 0.728 35.4

Tirap 3,621 10 1,263 13,452 0 0 1 0.392 19 1,281 14,093 0 2 16 0.491 25.3

Upper Siang 10,233 7 1,022 4,239 0 0 2 0.078 12 1,037 4,440 0 4 10 0.100 28.3

Upper Subansiri 7,865 3 471 9,994 0 0 2 0.098 6 478 10,470 0 3 14 0.122 25.3

West Kameng 1,342 8 889 10,451 0 0 1 0.801 19 902 10,949 0 5 18 1.122 40.1

West Siang 28,526 27 3,731 13,485 0 0 8 0.100 62 3,785 14,127 0 2 32 0.139 39.2

Kurung kumey 238 7 122 10,776 0 0 2 3.275 12 124 11,289 0 3 12 4.286 30.9

Lower dibangvalley 21,354 8 4,777 6,484 0 0 3 0.111 19 4,847 6,715 0 2 16 0.129 16.9

Total 164,000 512 74,070 166,067 0 286 258 0.322 1,230 75,145 173,895 0 453 630 0.460 42.6


WAPCOS LTD D-34

Table D-24: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Manipur State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown(ha)

As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percentchange in

farmpower

availabilityTractors

Draughtanimals


ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers


(kW/ha)

Bishnupur 13,540 60 2,769 16,562 0 33 97 0.308 115 2,346 18,472 0 46 165 0.443 43.9

Chandel 10,650 4 1,735 9,924 0 25 3 0.132 7 1,470 11,069 0 34 4 0.142 7.6

Churachandpur 21,630 6 759 18,692 0 8 5 0.067 11 642 20,848 0 12 9 0.078 16.7

Imphal East 17,140 106 2,961 31,190 7 38 90 0.361 203 2,508 34,787 7 53 153 0.536 48.5

Imphal West 19,210 181 1,831 35,464 38 421 214 0.567 349 1,551 39,554 41 579 364 0.891 57.1

Senapati 10,910 6 4,214 24,459 0 6 18 0.285 11 3,570 27,280 1 8 31 0.296 3.8

Tamenglong 17,650 159 648 9,656 1 4 65 0.298 306 549 10,770 1 6 111 0.532 78.3

Thoubal 14,880 248 2,668 28,975 53 349 90 0.779 478 2,260 32,317 57 481 153 1.258 61.4

Ukhrul 10,670 7 688 12,617 0 5 2 0.105 14 583 14,072 0 7 4 0.127 20.3

Total 136,280 776 18,274 187,541 100 890 784 0.340 1,495 15,478 209,168 108 1,224 994 0.500 47.2


WAPCOS LTD D-35

Table D-25:District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Meghalaya State.


As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percent change in farmpower availability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers


(kW/ha)Tractors

Draughtanimals


ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers


(kW/ha)

East GaroHills 37,053 21 7,317 33,555 1 13 48 0.145 45 7,455 34,912 5 22 143 0.181 24.9East KhasiHills 37,846 387 1,279 87,058 1 7 10 0.397 818 1,303 90,578 6 12 24 0.703 77.0

Jaintia Hills 36,127 213 4,835 41,503 6 198 45 0.300 450 4,926 43,181 18 296 147 0.507 68.9

Ribhoi 22,299 68 2,630 27,297 2 33 47 0.206 144 2,680 28,400 9 51 138 0.327 58.6South GaroHills 25,449 16 2,622 15,062 1 13 12 0.091 34 2,671 15,671 7 22 27 0.118 29.3West GaroHills 95,647 110 13,319 67,922 17 7 14 0.120 232 13,570 70,668 47 12 18 0.158 31.2West KhasiHills 31,238 17 3,907 40,737 2 13 16 0.133 37 3,981 42,384 8 22 32 0.157 18.7

Total 285,659 832 35,909 313,134 31 284 192 0.188 1,760 36,586 325,795 100 437 529 0.287 52.3


WAPCOS LTD D-36

Table D-26: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Mizoram State.

Name ofDistrict

NetAreaSown(ha)


change infarmpower

availability



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)



ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

Aizawl 15,917 102 71 86,011 24 15 45 0.466 199 73 89,352 70 30 98 0.670 43.8

Champhai 18,327 65 455 26,688 6 12 35 0.190 127 464 27,724 15 20 88 0.302 58.7

Kolasib 13,499 38 5,325 17,680 12 84 24 0.337 101 5,429 18,366 28 174 78 0.528 56.8

Lawngtlai 7,066 36 265 25,000 14 18 18 0.360 77 270 25,971 32 56 54 0.587 63.0

Lunglei 16,169 34 351 32,802 10 17 54 0.192 91 358 34,076 28 52 108 0.323 68.4

Mamit 8,617 48 330 18,255 16 22 47 0.318 95 337 18,964 40 47 124 0.541 70.3

Saiha 8,123 52 265 11,999 18 18 16 0.285 74 270 12,465 33 40 77 0.423 48.4

Serchhip 6,282 44 250 13,810 24 14 70 0.397 75 255 14,346 65 38 154 0.651 63.9

Total 94,000 419 7,314 232,245 124 200 309 0.305 839 7,456 241,266 311 457 781 0.477 56.7

The statistical parameters related to farm power availability (kW/ha) as on 31.3.2017 in different districts are given below:Sample Variance: 0.01 Range: 0.36 Standard Error: 0.04 Kurtosis: -1.03 Skewness: -0.33

WAPCOS LTD D-37

Table D-27: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Nagaland State.


As on 31.3.2014 As on 31.3.2017

Percent change infarm

power availabilityTractorsDraughtanimals


ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers


(kW/ha)Tractors

Draughtanimals


ElectricMotors

DieselEngines

Powertillers


(kW/ha)

Dimapur 18,470 606 5,775 40,121 470 464 1,272 1.704 853 5,547 41,743 546 546 1,571 2.183 28.2

Kiphire 8,960 7 348 7,821 11 3 53 0.118 10 334 8,137 15 8 53 0.132 12.1

Kohima 13,346 10 302 28,531 2 14 1,242 0.663 14 290 29,685 12 23 1,556 0.814 22.7

Longleng 8,908 17 124 5,345 3 4 301 0.278 24 119 5,561 9 10 305 0.308 10.9

Mokokchung 12,597 48 22 20,408 2 5 272 0.304 67 21 21,233 11 15 282 0.359 18.1

Mon 32,519 24 666 26,482 6 3 654 0.181 34 640 27,553 18 12 664 0.195 7.6

Peren 14,399 112 734 10,031 2 49 314 0.399 158 705 10,437 7 58 320 0.490 22.8

Phek 17,396 27 88 17,251 4 5 381 0.217 38 84 17,949 10 10 389 0.242 11.1

Tuensang 23,037 58 689 20,791 2 3 284 0.192 81 661 21,632 6 12 298 0.226 17.9

Wokha 13,134 31 221 17,562 1 7 76 0.170 43 212 18,273 8 15 76 0.203 19.4

Zunheboto 14,178 17 1,528 14,898 2 5 342 0.262 24 1,468 15,500 12 18 359 0.290 10.5

Total 176,944 956 10,497 209,242 504 561 5,192 0.415 1,346 10,083 217,702 654 727 5,874 0.504 21.4


WAPCOS LTD D-38

Table D-28: District-wise Farm Power Availability during 2013-14 and 2016-17 in Sikkim State.

Name ofDistrict

Net AreaSown(ha)


farmpower

availability

Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

Electric

Motors

DieselEngine

s

Powertillers


(kW/ha)

Tractors

Draughtanimals

Agricultural

Labourers

ElectricMotors

DieselEngine

s

Powertillers

FarmPower

Availability(kW/ha)

East Sikkim 1,394 3 368 48,709 1 1 12 1.958 25 375 54,521 4 2 25 2.645 35.1

North Sikkim 7,458 2 554 7,507 1 2 9 0.094 10 588 8,403 3 5 28 0.148 56.5

South Sikkim 3,429 4 389 25,410 2 1 9 0.463 28 402 28,442 8 4 23 0.725 56.8

West Sikkim 5,841 4 440 23,602 2 1 8 0.258 25 477 26,418 6 4 24 0.400 54.6

Total 18,122 13 1,751 105,228 6 5 38 0.360 88 1,842 117,784 21 15 100 0.530 47.2


WAPCOS LTD E-1

Annexure-E

Crop-wise and State wise Farm machinery suggested for promotion and popularization

The team of monitoring and evaluation of WAPCOS discussed with Agriculture officers, NGOs

and farmers in the study area, during the evaluation. It is found that the main agriculture

machineries required to boost up the productivity of crops and minimize the cost of production

are Rotavator, Power weeder, Laser guided land leveler, Tractor mounted sprayer, Happy seeder,

Seed-cum fertilizer drill, Rice transplanter, Multicrop thresher & Combine. The demand for

these implements are growing fast. They should be provide to marginal and small farmers on

Custom hire basis, because the cost of these machinery is very high.

As per the opinion of farmers rotavator are being considered better than the conventional tillage

equipments. This equipment has saved considerable amount of fuel and accomplished both

tillage as well as soil pulverization. The farmers of the study area informed that due to higher

cost of manual paddy transplanting, mechanized transplanting is the basic need in paddy

growing areas.

Zero till seed drill is preferred by farmers of Indo-gangetic plain particularly in Punjab, Haryana

and Uttar Pradesh for rice-wheat cropping system due to limited time available for sowing of

wheat after rice harvesting. In case of harvesting and threshing, the level of mechanization is

more than 50% for wheat and rice and less than 10% for other crops. The operation wise farm

mechanization of seeding, plant protection and harvesting are top priority for the farmers in

study areas for cereals and horticultural crops. But mechanization of these operations is not up

to the level of farmers expectations. Farmers need complete mechanization package for crops

given below in the table for optimizing the crop production through timely farm operations in a

cost effective manner.

WAPCOS LTD E-2

Crop wise and State wise Farm Machinery Suggested for Promotion andPopularization

S.no Name of crop Dominant cropgrowing

Region/States

Type ofOperations

Crop Specific MachineryProposed for promotion

1 Paddy(1)West Bengal(2)Uttar Pradesh(3) Andhra Pradesh(4) Punjab

Land preparation Laser Land Leveler/Mouldbold plough

Sowing Rice drum seederTransplantation Paddy TransplanterWeeding Cono Weeder, Brush

cutterChemical Spray Power sprayer, Tractor

operated sprayerHarvesting Combine

Harvester/Portable ricethresher

ThreshingWinnowingCleaning

2 Wheat (1)Uttar Pradesh(2)Madhya Pradesh(3)Punjab(4) Haryana

Ploughing andSeed BedPreparation

Raised bed planter

Sowing(Paddy-Wheat)

Happy Seeder/Zero till drill

Plant Protection Tractor mounted powersprayer

Harvesting andThreshing

Combine harvester, strawreaper-combine

3 Potato (1)Uttar Pradesh(2)West Bengal(3)Bihar(4)Gujarat

Land preparation RotavatorSowing Potato planterPlant Protection Power sprayerHarvesting/Digging

Potato digger, Potatograder

4 Sugarcane (1)Uttar Pradesh(2)Maharashtra(3)Karnataka(4) Tamilnadu

Land preparation RotavatorPlanting Sugarcane planterIntercultural Rotary tiller or power

weederHarvesting Sugarcane harvester

5 Citrus &HorticultureCrops

(1)Andhra Pradesh(2)Maharashtra(3)Madhya Pradesh

Citrus Planting Post hole diggerIrrigation Solar water pumpPlant Protection Power sprayer/Aeroblast

WAPCOS LTD E-3

sprayerInterculture/Purning

Rotary tillerCitrus Purner

Harvesting Multipurpose hydraulic liftsystem for orchardoperations

6 Mustard (1)Rajasthan(2) Haryana(3)Madhya Pradesh(4) Uttar Pradesh

Land Preparation RotavatorSowing Ridger seeder/Seed cum

Fertilizer DrillWeeding Brush cutterPP Measures Seed treating drumHarvesting Reaper

Threshing Multi crop thresher7 Soybean (1)Madhya Pradesh

(2)Maharashtra(3)Rajasthan(4) Karnataka

Land Prepration Rotavator

Sowing Raised Bed Planter, Preemergence herbicide stripapplicator cum planter

Weeding Rotary weeder, Twinwheel weeder

Harvesting ReaperThreshing Multi crop thresher

8 Maize (1)Karnataka(2)Madhya Pradesh(3)Bihar

Sowing Maize PlanterWeeding Rotary weederPP Measures Tractor mounted sprayerHarvesting Maize Harvester combineThreshing Maize Sheller

9 Cotton (1)Gujarat(2)Maharashtra(3)Telangana(4) Punjab

Land Preparation Reversible ploughSowing Raised Bed Planter,

Pneumatic planterWeeding Rotary weeder, Brush

cutterPP Measures Tractor trailed

sprayer /Power SprayerHarvesting Cotton pickerGinning Ginning machine

10 Sorghum (1)Maharashtra(2)Karnataka(3)Rajasthan

Land Preparation Rotavator

Sowing Raised Bed Planter /RidgerSeeder

Weeding Rotary weederPP Measures Tractor mounted sprayerHarvesting Reaper

WAPCOS LTD E-4

Threshing Multi crop thresher11 Pearl Millets (1)Rajasthan

(2)Maharashtra(3)Gujarat(4) Haryana

Land Preparation RotavatorSowing Raised bed planter /Ridger

SeederWeeding Rotary weederPP Measures Tractor mounted sprayerHarvesting HarvesterThreshing Multi crop thresher

12 Plantation cropcoconut (1)Kerela

(2)Tamilnadu(3) Karnataka

Planting Post hole diggerIrrigation Solar water pumpInterculture Garden TillerHarvesting Coconut climbing machine

13 Plantation cropBanana

(1) Tamilnadu(2) Gujarat(3) Maharashtra(4) Andhra Pradesh

Planting Post hole digger,Power operated pitmaking machine

Irrigation Solar water pumpInterculture Rotary weederHarvesting Banana

Harvester(Chopper)14 Fodder crops

Oat, Maize,Chineasecabbage, Lucern,Berseem

(1)Punjab(2)Haryana(3)Western U.P(4) Rajasthan

Harvesting Tractor operated forageharvester

Fodder cutting Power operated chaff-cutter

WAPCOS LTD F-1

Annexure-F

References:

1. Anonymous (2006). Status of farm mechanization in India. IASRI, Delhi.

2. Anonymous (2006). Study relating to formulating long-term mechnaization strategyfor each agro-climatic zone/State in India. IASRI, Delhi.

3. Anonymous (2006). State of Indian Agriculture 2015-16. Directorate of Economicsand Statistics, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministryof Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India.

4. Anonymous (2017). Agricultural Research Data Book 2017. IASRI, Delhi.

http://iasri.res.in/agridata/17data/HOME_17.HTML

5. http://censusindia.gov.in/

6. http://www.mospi.gov.in/statistical-year-book-india/2016

7. http://dahd-archive.nic.in/dahd/statistics/livestock-census.aspx

8. http://www.tmaindia.in/

9. http://www.ammaindia.in/

10. http://farmech.dac.gov.in/

11. http://nrfmtti.gov.in/

12. http://fmttibudni.gov.in/

13. http://srfmtti.dacnet.nic.in/

14. http://nerfmtti.nic.in/

15. http://content.icicidirect.com/mailimages/IDirect_FarmMechanisation_ThematicReport.pdf

16. Sentil Kumar T, Chandel N S, Mehta C R and Gholap B S (2017). Trends ofTractorization in India Agriculture. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa andLatin America, 48(2):50-59.

17. Singh Surendra (2014). Agricultural Mechanization In India. Paper presented in theRegional Roundtable of National Agricultural Machinery Associations in Asia and thePacific - Connection for Cooperation and Development during 28-30 October 2014 inWuhan, China.

18. Farm Power Availability on Indian Farms

19. Singh Surendra, Singh R S and Singh S P (2014). Farm Power Availability on IndianFarms. Agricultural Engineering Today, 38 (4):44-52.

20. Statistical Abstracts of different states of India

21. www.indiastat.com

22. www.indiaagristat.com

WAPCOS LTD G-1

Annexure-G

PHOTO GALLERY

WAPCOS EXPERTS DISCUSSING WITH DIRECTOR CENTRAL FMTTI BUDNI

WAPCOS EXPERTS INTERACTING WITH TRAINEES AT BUDNI

WAPCOS LTD G-2

WAPCOS EXPERT DISCUSSING WITH THE TRAINEES AT NRFMTTI, HISAR

TEA PRUNER-A LOCATION SPECIFIC FARM MACHINE FOR TEA ESTATESTO REDUCE DRUDGERY

WAPCOS LTD G-3

Power Tiller-A suitable Farm Machinery for Small Holdings and Hilly NE Region

Potato Digger Advocated in Potato Growing Areas to Reduce Labor Cost in NE-Region

WAPCOS LTD G-4

INTERACTION WITH DEAN AGRICULTURE ENGINEERING, RAICHUR

DATA COLLECTION AND INTERACTING WITH THE BENEFICIARY FARMERS IN KARNATKA

WAPCOS LTD G-5

WAPCOS EXPERTS VISITED CHC AT BALRAMPUR VILLAGE IN BHOPAL

INTERACTION OF WAPCOS EXPERTS WITH VICE CHANCELLOR DR K.P.SINGH REGARDING TESTING FACILITIES AT CCSHAU, HISAR

WAPCOS LTD G-6

WAPCOS Expert Discussing with Officials At PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab

WAPCOS Expert Discussing With Testing In-charge , CIPHET at Ludhiana

WAPCOS LTD G-7

Field Staff with Beneficiary of Subsidized Reaper Cum Binder under SMAM in Lalitpur (U.P.)

ShManoj Kumar, Jai MaaKisan SHG, VillBankuiya, DisttBaranki UP.

WAPCOS LTD G-8

CHC of Sh.Birendra Pradhan, Village-Damora, Barabanki, UP.

Testing Facility at State Institute for Management of Agriculture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow

WAPCOS LTD G-9

Discussion with Joint Director at Directorate of Agriculture, Gandhinagar, Gujarat

Power Tiller Provided under SMAM to Paddy Farmers Society in Ernakulam District, Kerala.

WAPCOS LTD G-10

Visit of manufacturing unit of M/s Kalinga Precision Casting Pvt Ltd, Cuttack, Orisa

Visit to Manufacturing Unit of M/s Sheet Profile Company, Berhampur

Documents

MECHANIZATION & TECHNOLOGY DIVISION FINAL REPORT