Mechanical Measurement and Instrumentation MECN 4600

LectureLecture

44Mechanical Measurement and Mechanical Measurement and

InstrumentationInstrumentation MECN 4600 MECN 4600

Department of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment of Mechanical Engineering

Inter American University of Puerto RicoInter American University of Puerto Rico

Bayamon CampusBayamon Campus

Dr. Omar E. Meza CastilloDr. Omar E. Meza [email protected]

http://www.bc.inter.edu/facultad/omeza

Lecture 4Lecture 4MEC

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Tentative Lecture ScheduleTentative Lecture Schedule

TopicTopic LectureLecture

Basic Principles of MeasurementsBasic Principles of MeasurementsResponse of Measuring Systems, System DynamicsResponse of Measuring Systems, System DynamicsError & Uncertainty AnalysisError & Uncertainty Analysis

1, 2 and 31, 2 and 3

P&IDP&ID 44

Least-Squares RegressionLeast-Squares Regression 55

Measurement of PressureMeasurement of Pressure 66

Measurement of TemperatureMeasurement of Temperature 77

Measurement of Fluid FlowMeasurement of Fluid Flow 88

Measurement of LevelMeasurement of Level 99

Measurement of Stress-StrainMeasurement of Stress-Strain 1010

Measurement of Time ConstantMeasurement of Time Constant 1111


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Piping and Instrumentation Piping and Instrumentation DiagramDiagram

Topic 4: P&IDTopic 4: P&ID

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To use P&ID in order to read engineering To use P&ID in order to read engineering plans.plans.

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Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives


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P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram - P&ID, is a A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram - P&ID, is a schematic illustration of functional relationship of schematic illustration of functional relationship of piping, instrumentation and system equipment piping, instrumentation and system equipment components.components.

The P&ID are used to operate the process system.The P&ID are used to operate the process system. The P&ID shows the flows in a plant (in the The P&ID shows the flows in a plant (in the

chemical or process industry) and the chemical or process industry) and the corresponding sensors or actors. corresponding sensors or actors.

At the same time, the P&ID gives a name ("tag") At the same time, the P&ID gives a name ("tag") to each sensor and actor, along with additional to each sensor and actor, along with additional parameters. parameters.

This tag identifies a "point" not only on the This tag identifies a "point" not only on the screens and controllers, but also on the objects in screens and controllers, but also on the objects in the field. the field.

Many standards: ISA, DIN, etc Many standards: ISA, DIN, etc

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P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

A P&ID should include:A P&ID should include: All process equipment identified by equipment All process equipment identified by equipment

number number All pipes identified by a line number. Pipe size and All pipes identified by a line number. Pipe size and

material of construction should be shown (material material of construction should be shown (material may include as a part of the identification number) may include as a part of the identification number)

All valves with an identification number along with All valves with an identification number along with their type & size should be shown their type & size should be shown

Ancillary fittings that are part of piping system such Ancillary fittings that are part of piping system such as inline sight glasses, strainers and stream traps as inline sight glasses, strainers and stream traps with an identification number. with an identification number.

Pumps identified by a suitable code number. Pumps identified by a suitable code number. All control loops and instruments with identification All control loops and instruments with identification

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P&ID ExampleP&ID Example

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P&ID is equal that PFDP&ID is equal that PFD

Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a schematic illustration of the system. schematic illustration of the system. shows the relationships between the shows the relationships between the major components in the system. major components in the system.

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Instrument IdentificationInstrument Identification

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P&IDP&ID

1010


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Instrumentation Identification Instrumentation Identification

1111


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P&ID and SymbolsP&ID and Symbols

Sets of symbols are used to depict mechanical Sets of symbols are used to depict mechanical equipment, piping, piping components, valves, equipment, piping, piping components, valves, equipment drivers and instrumentation and equipment drivers and instrumentation and controls. These symbols are assembled on the controls. These symbols are assembled on the drawing in a manner that clearly defines the drawing in a manner that clearly defines the process. The instrumentation and control (I&C) process. The instrumentation and control (I&C) symbols used in P&IDs are generally based on ISA-symbols used in P&IDs are generally based on ISA-5.1, Instrumentation Symbols and Identification.5.1, Instrumentation Symbols and Identification.

The first letter of any tag name, therefore, will The first letter of any tag name, therefore, will indicate the process variable being measured. The indicate the process variable being measured. The most common process variables in a process plant most common process variables in a process plant include:include: F – FlowF – Flow L – LevelL – Level P – PressureP – Pressure T – TemperatureT – Temperature

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P&ID and SymbolsP&ID and Symbols

Typical Letter Combinations, a reprint of a page in Typical Letter Combinations, a reprint of a page in ISA-5.16, shows many possible letter combinations ISA-5.16, shows many possible letter combinations and describes the device represented by the letters. and describes the device represented by the letters. Reading across Figure 2-10 (page 30 of pdf file P&ID Reading across Figure 2-10 (page 30 of pdf file P&ID and symbols), starting with an F, the initiating or and symbols), starting with an F, the initiating or measured variable for flow rate, the succeeding measured variable for flow rate, the succeeding letters describe the devices and functions as letters describe the devices and functions as follows: :follows: : Letter Combination Letter Combination DescriptionDescription FRC FRC Flow Recorder Controller. A Flow Recorder Controller. A

recorder for the value of instantaneous flow, integral recorder for the value of instantaneous flow, integral with a flow controller.with a flow controller.

FICFIC Flow Indicating Controller. An Flow Indicating Controller. An instantaneous flow indicator combined with a flow instantaneous flow indicator combined with a flow controller.controller.

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General Instrument or Function SymbolsGeneral Instrument or Function Symbols

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Instrument Line SymbolsInstrument Line Symbols

1515


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Due, Due, Tuesday, February 05, 2013Tuesday, February 05, 2013

Omar E. Meza Castillo Ph.D.Omar E. Meza Castillo Ph.D.

Homework2 Homework2 WebPage WebPage

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Mechanical Measurement and Instrumentation MECN 4600