Measurement of Particulate

8/12/2019 Measurement of Particulate

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particulate matter:measurement techniques

brent w. auvermann

associate professor and extension agricultural engineer,


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out ne the role of PM measurement in dairy production

regulation research

self-assessment

what is PM, and how is it classified?

direct


3/22

the role of PM measurement

in dairy production

regulation

mass concentrations [M L-3

] e era a ona m en r ua y an ar s

state and local ambient standards

- - -

federal CAA permitting

Title V ma or sources

New Source Review (NSR)

Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)

legal proceedings

nuisance odor

v s y mpa rmen an a y


4/22


in dairy production

research baseline monitorin

what are the typical concentrations?

how do they vary over time?

diurnally

seasonally

determining emission factors

lbs PM10 per day per 1,000 day capacity

lbs PM2.5 per cwt of milk produced


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in dairy production

research (contd) evaluatin abatement measures

am i achieving my goals?

am i creating new problems by solving old ones?

am i spending my money wisely? how could i achieve my goals more efficiently?

energy

currency

labor intensiveness

projecting downwind concentrations

what are my neighbors likely exposures?

is there a need to reduce their exposures?


6/22


in dairy production

self-assessment determinin baseline erformance

evaluating management changes

environmental management systems (EMS)

documenting improvements

planning future steps

engaging neighbors and communities

going beyond what is required to what is possible


7/22

what is PM, and

how is it classified? no suc t ng as a -

micron particle per se

ves oc en s o e a

mixture of many particle

types of variable shape and

composition fibers (livestock hair, fibrous

feedstuffs)

slivers and flakes (dander,

clay particles)

sand and silt


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9/22

aerodynamic diameter

50 50

10


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m

MMD

=17


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12/22

Why Classify Particles

Diameter?

respiratory health

,the easier it is to carryalong sharp turns without

walls

In respiratory systems, thesmaller particles penetratedeeper into the lungswhere O2/CO2 exchangeoccurs

PM2.5 is more of a health

rea an 10 or 50Adapted from Schlesinger et al. (1977)


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fine particles are important

,


14/22

fine particles are important

for other reasons, too


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what techniques are

available to measure PM?

physical basis

mass concentration (g/m3)

number concentration (particles/m3)

total vs. size-selective aerosols (TSP vs. PMx) indirect

active (transmissometry, nephelometry, aethalometry)

passive (target imaging)


16/22

what techniques are

available to measure PM? time basis

time-averaged

am en s an ar s - r, annua

occupational standards (8-hr, 30-min)

obscures short-term phenomena

relativel inex ensive to bu but ma be ex ensive to run

continuous/instantaneous

more information; can be used to compute time averages

equivalent methods

relatively high capital expense, but lower labor requirements


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a virtual tour of somemethods


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Federal Reference Method (TSP)

No longer used for federal compliance

Measures total suspended particulate~ 50

Operates at 40 cfm

Captures TSP on an 8x10 fiberglassfilter

Filter processing required

Pre-ex osure conditionin to RH tem s ecs

Pre-exposure weighing

Post-exposure conditioning

-


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Federal Reference Method (PM10)

monitoring

-

particles on oily impactor surface

Captures PM10 on an 8x10

Filter processing required FRMs also exist for PM2.5

compliance monitoring


20/22

Tapered-

ElementOscillating

Microbalance

(TEOM)

Continuous monitor

May be equipped with size-selective inlets for PMx


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22/22

Documents

Measurement of Particulate