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Conference
Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali – C.R.P.A. S.p.A.
Eco-innovative
Solutions for
Mediterranean
Wastes and
Wastewaters November 8th, 2014
Measure of Biochemical
Methane Potential (BMP) of
by-products, residues and
alternative crops typical of
the Mediterranean area M. Soldano,
L. Rossi, N. Labartino, C. Fabbri, S. Piccinini
Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali – CRPA Lab
Reggio Emilia
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
Introduction
In the Mediterranean area, where the number of biogas plants
is increasing due to the greatest interest on anaerobic
digestion, the agro-industrial activities produce large amounts
of by-products and residues, which are partially or totally
unexploited and in some case represent significant
environmental problem.
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
By-products, residues and alternative crops typical of the
Mediterranean area, potentially usable in anaerobic digestion.
Some examples…
Citrus pulp
Grape stalks
Tobacco
Tomate peel
Arundo donax
Forages (pellet)
Biogas plant
Olive pomace
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
Anaerobic digestion plant has its own
equilibrium depending on the type of
biomass loaded and the plant/process
parameters adopted.
The knowledge of the Biochemical
Methane Potential (BMP) is the basic
element for feasibility study and the
construction of AD plant.
Biomass have its own molecular
composition and a maximum potential
production; it is important and necessary,
in addition to knowledge of material
properties, the assessment of their
quality through the analysis of chemical
compounds and the measure of methane
potential (BMP test) .
BMP– Biochemical Methane Potential
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
CRPA Lab
(more then 1200 BMP test )
- UNI EN ISO 11734:2004
- Manometric system
- 48 batch reactors (total volume 2,2 litre - useful 1,35 dm3)
Parameters test:
• SV inoculum:SV substrate ratio = 2
• Temperature 38 ± 0,2°C
• pH buffered
This parameter expresses the biogas/biomethane potentially available from
the degradation of a biomass. It is expressed in Nm3·kgVS-1 (volatil solid or
organic matter).
BMP– Biochemical Methane Potential
BMP static system (in batch)
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
Kmax
: the time taken to achieve the
maximum production speed (days)
Fmax
: the maximum anaerobic
degradability (%)
F50%: time taken to achieve 50% of the
biogas production (days)
F90%: time taken to achieve 90% of the
biogas production (days)
Biogas yield: Nm3/ton VS o Nm3/ton f.m. Methane yield: Nm3/ton VS o Nm3/ton f.m. Methane percentage: % Volatile solids degradability: %
BMP: Informations
obtained
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
BMP and chemical analysis: why evaluate
them...
To...
• quantify the biomass needed;
• verify compatibility with the type of plant and
farm structures (storages, mix system, hydraulic
retention time....);
• quantify digestate to manage;
• quantify nitrogen to manage;
• calculate biomethane production costs.
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
Chemical analysis of some biomass potentially
usable in AD plants
Biomass
Total solid (TS)
Volatile solid Total Nitrogen
g ·kg-1
g ·kg-1
% TS mg ·kg-1
% TS
“Alternative” crop
Arundo donax silage 301.2 272.7 90.5% 3838 1.3%
Arundo donax 314.5 282.5 89.8% 3860 1.2%
Tobacco 175.8 148.2 84.3% 6577 3.7%
Forage (pellet) 910.5 788.6 86.6% - -
By-products and residues
Processing olive residues 376.7 317.9 84.4% - -
Oil mill wastewater 50.3 39.2 78.0% 1396 2.8%
Tomato peels 234.7 224.9 95.8% 7787 3.3%
Olive pomace – phase 2 360.3 334.8 92.9% 5702 1.6%
Olive pomace – phase 3 256.8 236.7 92.2% 4298 1.7%
Rapeseed cake 880.1 828.5 94.1% 51443 5.8%
Grape stalks 213.0 198.6 93.2% 3032 1.4%
Cotton seeds 940.2 903.4 96.1% 32197 3.4%
Citrus pulp 149.8 137.1 91.5% 2020 1.3%
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
BMP results of some biomass: methane yield and
percentage in biogas
(*)Total solids= 32,7%, Volatile solids= 96,3% TS
f.m. = fresh matter
Biomass
BMP
Nm3CH4 ·t VS
-1 Nm
3CH4·t fm
-1 CH4 %
“Alternative” crop
Arundo donax silage 271.4 74.0 54.6%
Arundo donax 234.4 66.2 53.6%
Tobacco 206.0 30.5 62.8%
Forage (pellet) 257.2 202.8 52.9%
By-products and residues
Processing olive residues 165.4 52.6 56.2%
Oil mill wastewater 389.3 15.3 60.6%
Tomato peels 259.3 58.3 56.7%
Olive pomace – phase 2 193.0 64.6 66.8%
Olive pomace – phase 3 201.1 47.6 69.2%
Rapeseed cake 382.3 316.8 62.9%
Grape stalks 60.8 12.1 56.0%
Cotton seeds 298.7 269.9 63.0%
Citrus pulp 276.8 38.0 50.2%
Mais silage (*)
351.5 110.6 53.0%
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
Cumulative methane yields (30 days) of
some crops
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
Cumulative methane yields (30 days) of
some biomass
Measure of BMP of by-
products, residues
and alternative crops
typical of the
Mediterranean area
Ecomondo - 2014 Rimini, November 8°, 2014
M. Soldano
Conclusion
Biogas yield of “alternative” crops, obtained by BMP test are high,
although lower than the average value of a standard maize silage;
agro-industrial biomass, such as tomato peels, citrus pulp, oil pomace
have good methane yields, but also a fair share of low degradability solid
whose use in anaerobic digestion may determine an increase of the
concentration of dry substance in the digesters;
the biogas production of these matrices can also increase the methane
potential of small anaerobic digestion plants, that usually use only
livestock effluent, and decrease the use of dedicated energy crops in large
plants.
Conference
Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali – C.R.P.A. S.p.A.
Eco-innovative
Solutions for
Mediterranean
Wastes and
Wastewaters November 8th, 2014
www.crpa .it
http://crpalab.crpa.it
Thanks for your attention