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MDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris Chase PT, MS, Dip MDT, FAAOMPT Bob Robinson PT, DPT, Dip MDT, FAAOMPT

MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

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Page 1: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

MDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the 

Lumbar SpineRon Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT

Chris Chase PT, MS, Dip MDT, FAAOMPTBob Robinson PT, DPT, Dip MDT, FAAOMPT

Page 2: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Objectives

• At the conclusion of this presentation, the attendee will• Comprehend the MDT classifications and operational definitions for centralization and directional preference

• Synthesize key tests and measures to arrive at a classification for a simulated case study

• Based on classification, apply MDT principles to determine appropriateness of manual physical therapy

• Evaluate MDT as an approach that fits into the OMPT framework

Page 3: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT)

General Misconceptions Based only on symptoms Classification based on  

pathoanatomy of the lumbar intervertebral disc

Focused on extension exercises (prone pressup)

copyright© 2004 The McKenzie Institute International 3

Page 4: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

This is not…

Page 5: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Classification Systems for Low Back Pain

• Identifiable source of LBP present in <10%• Classification systems are often based on pathoanatomical(theoretical) model.

• No one classification system is more reliable than others (Riddle, 1998).

• Certain characteristics of particular classification systems may have appropriateness based on symptom chronicity (ICF). 

Page 6: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Lumbar Spine Classification

Manipulation and exercise

Stabilization exercises

Activities to Promote

Centralization

Specific Exercise Stabilization Traction

Classification Criteria

Classification Criteria

Classification Criteria

Classification Criteria

Mechanical/ auto-traction

Manipulation

Fritz J, Delitto A, Erhard R. Comparison of a Guideline-Based Approach versus a Classification Approach in the Treatment of Acute, Work-Related Low Back Pain. Spine. 2003;28:1363-1372

Page 7: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

End Range Forces and Manual Physical TherapyDiagnostic Properties of End range of motion (ERP)

•Exposes dysfunction (biomechanical model)•Reduces derangement

Page 8: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

When should we not test end range?

Page 9: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Stability vs. Mobility• History – is the patient better when moving or when stationary?• Prognostic implications• Movement in mid‐range or end range?• Effects of postural correction…

Page 10: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Patient response methods

• Maitland – patient response to passive• Movement System Balance (Sahrmann) – patient response to active limb movements

• MDT (McKenzie)– patient response to repeated end range movements

Page 11: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

“Patient response methods…

• require dedicated communication  between clinician and patient for clinical decisions, without necessarily requiring a pathology based diagnosis.”

• Cook C, Ramey K, Hegedus E. Physical therapy exercise intervention based on classification using the patient response method: a systematic review of the literature. J Man Manip Ther. 2005;13(3):152‐62.

Page 12: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

History

• The goal is to understand the lesion behavior as well as to investigate the patient’s  level of awareness of the effects of positions and loads on their concordant complaints.

• Ruling out Red Flags

• Guiding the physical examination to develop a provisional mechanical diagnosis

Page 13: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Load Interpretation

• At the completion of the History, What do you know about the effect of load on the patient’s Symptoms?

• Do you have enough information to base a mechanical hypothesis in which to proceed with your examination?

Page 14: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Patient History

• 35 year old female • Referred by her General Practitioner for low back and leg pain• Self employed: Works at a desk• Functional Capacity Limitation: Moderate:  Limited by pain• Leisure Activity: Rock Climbing: Self Limited• Oswestry 50/100• VAS  6‐8/10  

Page 15: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

What are the possibilities?

Page 16: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Case study – History and Exam of Derangement with a Relevant Lateral

• Will be distributed with presentation.

Page 17: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Provisional Diagnosis?

• Now what are the possibilities?

Page 18: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Mechanical Diagnosis:

• Dysfunction Syndrome: Mechanical deformation of structurally impaired soft tissues

• Postural Syndrome: pain associated with prolonged static loading on normal tissues

• Derangement Syndrome: A disturbance in the normal resting position of the affected joint surfaces

• Other

Page 19: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Clinical decision making…

Mechanical Options:Change the Direction?Change the Force?Change the Load?

Page 20: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Key physical examination tests and measures?

• Structural/postural correction• Next?• Neuro or AROM baselines• Next?• Repeated end range – sagittal• Next?• Lateral component/results• DIP or centralization• Open to other tests and measures

Page 21: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Force ProgressionMobilizationMobilization

ManipulationManipulation

Independent Dependent

TherapistoverpressureTherapistoverpressure

PatientoverpressurePatientoverpressure

PatientgeneratedPatientgenerated

Page 22: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Traffic Light Guide

Stop

Progress force

Continue

Page 23: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Identification of lateral component

Unilateral or asymmetrical 

Flex and Extaggravate 

Lateral movementasymmetrical

Suspect it

Confirm it

Centralise or better with lateral movements

Page 24: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Lateral Exercise and Manual Physical Therapy Procedures• Video and Pictures will be included in Presentation.

Page 25: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Repeated Extension in Lying (with Hips Off Center)• Patient is partially responding to extension and has a plateau in progress or

• Initiating Extension after relevant lateral conditions have centralized.

• Procedure will be demonstrated

Page 26: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Rotation in Flexion Non‐Thrust Manipulation

• When all extension procedures are ineffective or worsen symptoms• When unable to correct a lateral shift in Weight‐bearing

• Procedure will be Demonstrated

Page 27: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Rotation in Flexion Thrust Manipulation 

• When Rotation in Flexion Mobilization produces a decrease or centralizing effect that does not remain better.

• Procedure will be demonstrated and OMT variations will be discussed.

Page 28: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Summary

• Efficacy of testing repeated end range movements• Forces may be required in various planes with loading and unloading strategies

• Classification based on patient response as well as mechanical and neurological changes

• Pathoanatomical vs. movement based approach

Page 29: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Repeated end range testing can be used to evaluate and treat musculoskeletal conditions

Page 30: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Specific subgroupSpecific

subgroup

Specific subgroupSpecific

subgroup

SpecifictreatmentSpecific

treatment

SpecifictreatmentSpecific

treatment

Page 31: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Directional Preference

• The phenomenon of preference for postures, movement, exercise in one direction.

Page 32: MDT and the Relevant Lateral Strategies for the Lumbar SpineMDT and the Relevant Lateral Component: Strategies for the Lumbar Spine Ron Schenk PT, PhD, OCS, FAAOMPT, Dip MDT Chris

Lumbar Spine Classification

Manipulation and exercise

Stabilization exercises

Activities to Promote

Centralization and

Mechanical/Neuro Changes

Directional Preference

Stabilization Traction

Classification Criteria

Classification Criteria

Classification Criteria

Classification Criteria

Mechanical/ auto-traction

Manipulation