MDR MDR SalmonellaSalmonella Isolated from Isolated from Retail Meat and Food AnimalsRetail Meat and Food Animals

Shaohua Zhao, DVM, MPVM, PhDShaohua Zhao, DVM, MPVM, PhDFDA/Center for Veterinary MedicineFDA/Center for Veterinary Medicine

NARMS ARMS NARMS ARMS Launched 1996Launched 1996

FDA/USDAAnimal arm(Clinical & slaughter-healthy animals isolates)

Retail Meat Arm- January 2002CDC/FoodNet sites

FDA/CDC Human arm(54 participating public health departments submit isolates)

FDA/CVM

Goals of NARMS ProgramGoals of NARMS Program

Provide descriptive data and trends on Provide descriptive data and trends on antimicrobial resistance patterns in zoonotic antimicrobial resistance patterns in zoonotic foodborne bacterial pathogens to veterinarians, foodborne bacterial pathogens to veterinarians, physicians and other public health workersphysicians and other public health workers

Assist the FDA in decision making on approving Assist the FDA in decision making on approving safe and effective drugs for humans and animals, safe and effective drugs for humans and animals, promote prudent and judicious use of promote prudent and judicious use of antimicrobial drugsantimicrobial drugs

Bacteria TestedBacteria Tested

HumanHumanNonNon--Typhi Typhi SalmonellaSalmonellaE. coliE. coli 0157:H70157:H7EnterococcusEnterococcusCampylobacterCampylobacterSS. Typhi. TyphiShigellaShigellaListeriaListeriaVibrio

AnimalAnimalNonNon--Typhi Typhi SalmonellaSalmonellaE. coliE. coli

0157:H7 when available0157:H7 when availableEnterococcusEnterococcusCampylobacterCampylobacter

Retail meatsRetail meatsNonNon--Typhi Typhi SalmonellaSalmonellaE. coliE. coliEnterococcusEnterococcusCampylobacter

Vibrio

Campylobacter

NARMS/Retail Meats OverviewNARMS/Retail Meats Overview

5 FoodNet sites originally5 FoodNet sites originallyCT, GA, MD, MN, TN CT, GA, MD, MN, TN Jan 2002Jan 2002++ OR OR Sep 2002Sep 2002++ NY, CA NY, CA (8 sites)(8 sites) Jan 2003 Jan 2003 ++ CO, NM CO, NM ((10 sites10 sites) ) Jan 2004Jan 2004

Similar sampling schemeSimilar sampling scheme2005 2005 –– random sampling of grocery random sampling of grocery stores stores Each site purchases Each site purchases 10 10 packages each packages each of chicken breasts, pork chops, ground of chicken breasts, pork chops, ground turkey, and ground beefturkey, and ground beefAll ten sites culture the rinse from each All ten sites culture the rinse from each meat sample for the presence of meat sample for the presence of SalmonellaSalmonella and and CampylobacterCampylobacter. . In addition, four sites (GA, MD, OR and In addition, four sites (GA, MD, OR and TN) culture the rinse for TN) culture the rinse for E. coliE. coli and and EnterococcusEnterococcus

Retail Food Study Sites; FoodNet laboratories

NARMS/Retail food preliminary dataNARMS/Retail food preliminary dataSalmonellaSalmonella 2002 2002 vsvs 20032003

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Chicken Breast Ground Turkey Ground Beef Pork Chop

retail meat

% p

ositi

ve

20022003

2002, 6 FoodNet sites, 2002, 6 FoodNet sites, n=2513n=2513; 2003, 8 FoodNet sites, ; 2003, 8 FoodNet sites, n=3498n=3498

Top 10Top 10 SalmonellaSalmonella Serotypes Serotypes RecoveredRecovered

CVMCVM USDA USDA CDCCDC

HeidelbergHeidelberg TyphimuriumTyphimurium TyphimuriumTyphimuriumSaintpaulSaintpaul HeidelbergHeidelberg EnteritidisEnteritidisTyphimuriumTyphimurium KentuckyKentucky NewportNewportEnteritidisEnteritidis NewportNewport JavianaJavianaKentuckyKentucky CholeraesuisCholeraesuis HeidelbergHeidelbergHadarHadar EnteritidisEnteritidis MontevideoMontevideoNewportNewport MontevideoMontevideo SaintpaulSaintpaulReadingReading DerbyDerby OranienburgOranienburgS.I 4,5,12:i:S.I 4,5,12:i:-- AnatumAnatum S. I 4,5,12:i:S. I 4,5,12:i:--MuensterMuenster MuensterMuenster InfantisInfantis

Antimicrobial resistance patterns among Antimicrobial resistance patterns among SalmonellaSalmonella isolates 2002 isolates 2002 vsvs 20032003

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

AMP CEP AUG FOX TIO AXO STR KAN GEN NAL CHL TET SMX COT

Antimicrobial

% re

sist

ance

20022003

2002 (N = 153) All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ceftri2002 (N = 153) All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin.axone, and ciprofloxacin.2003 (N = 212) All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ciprof2003 (N = 212) All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; preliminary dataloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; preliminary data

MDR Salmonella top Serotypes2002 & 2003

56.856.824.324.300Kentucky (37)Kentucky (37)

10010028.628.600AgonaAgona (7)(7)

91.091.045.545.500SaintpaulSaintpaul (44)(44)

% R % R >> 11% R % R >> 55% R % R >> 99SerotypeSerotype

91.791.74.24.200HadarHadar (24)(24)

15155500Enteritidis (20)Enteritidis (20)

35355500Reading (20)Reading (20)

717128.628.600SenftenbergSenftenberg (7)(7)

% R % R >> 11% R % R >> 55% R % R >> 99SerotypeSerotype

5050505000Muenster (4)Muenster (4)

100100505000Bredeney (4)Bredeney (4)

737356562.42.4Typhimurium Typhimurium (41)(41)

54.954.918.318.33.73.7Heidelberg (82)Heidelberg (82)

6767585841.741.7Newport (12)Newport (12)

(100)(100)(100)(100)100100Dublin (3)Dublin (3)

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR S.S.TyphimuriumTyphimurium

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR S. S. NewportNewport

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR S.S.HeidelbergHeidelberg

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR S. S. KentuckyKentucky

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR S. S. SaintpaulSaintpaul

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR S. S. DublinDublin

More details and data are available More details and data are available on the FDAon the FDA--CVM webpage and links CVM webpage and links

to CDC and USDAto CDC and USDA

http://http://www.fda.gov/cvm/narms_pg.htmlwww.fda.gov/cvm/narms_pg.html

MDR MDR SalmonellaSalmonella isolated from isolated from Veterinary Diagnostic LabsVeterinary Diagnostic Labs

Collaboration with six state Veterinary Collaboration with six state Veterinary Diagnostic Labs: AZ, MI, NC, MT,MO, and TNDiagnostic Labs: AZ, MI, NC, MT,MO, and TNStarted in 2003Started in 2003Received 385 isolates in 2003Received 385 isolates in 2003SalmonellaSalmonella recovered from diseased food and recovered from diseased food and companion animalscompanion animals

cattle, chicken, swine, cattle, chicken, swine, caprinecaprine and turkeyand turkey

equine, feline, canine and reptileequine, feline, canine and reptile

Top 10 Top 10 SalmonellaSalmonella serotypes serotypes recovered from animalsrecovered from animals in 2003in 2003

cattle, and swine cattle, and swine 99MuenchenMuenchen

cattle, chicken, and swine cattle, chicken, and swine 1212Kentucky Kentucky

cattle, cattle, caprinecaprine, equine and , equine and swine swine

1313AnatumAnatumcattle, swine, and turkey cattle, swine, and turkey 1414AgonaAgonaswineswine2525CholeraesuisCholeraesuis

swineswine2626Derby Derby

cattle, canine, equine, and cattle, canine, equine, and swine swine

3030Newport Newport cattlecattle3232DublinDublin

chicken, swine and turkey chicken, swine and turkey 3535Heidelberg Heidelberg

cattle, chicken, equine, swine, cattle, chicken, equine, swine, and turkey and turkey 100100Typhimurium Typhimurium

Animal originAnimal originNo. of isolatesNo. of isolatesSerotypeSerotype

MDR Salmonella Isolated From Different Food Animals

90.690.656.456.49.49.4Turkey (32)Turkey (32)

91.491.444.344.377Swine (187)Swine (187)

68.268.222.222.200Chicken (22)Chicken (22)

76.776.770.570.534.934.9Cattle (129)Cattle (129)

% of R% of R>> 11% of R% of R>> 5 5 % of R% of R>> 99Animal origins Animal origins

MDR Salmonella Top Serotypes Isolated from Animals

85.7 (42.9% R 385.7 (42.9% R 3--4)4)0000Worthington (7)Worthington (7)55.6 ( All R 355.6 ( All R 3--4 )4 )0000MuenchenMuenchen (9)(9)757516.716.700Kentucky (12)Kentucky (12)92.392.3191900Derby (26)Derby (26)6060252500Schwarzengrund(5)Schwarzengrund(5)7575252500SenftenbergSenftenberg (8)(8)100100404000CholeraesuisCholeraesuis (25)(25)9191787877Typhimurium (100)Typhimurium (100)88.688.634.334.311.411.4Heidelberg (35)Heidelberg (35)84.684.638.538.523.123.1AnatumAnatum (13)(13)--10010031.431.4Dublin (32)Dublin (32)76.776.7707063.363.3Newport (30)Newport (30)

--10010078.678.6AgonaAgona (14)(14)----100100Uganda (6)Uganda (6)% of R % of R >> 11% of R % of R >> 55% of R % of R >> 99SerotypeSerotype

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR SS. Uganda and . Uganda and SS. . AgonaAgona

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR SS. Newport. Newport

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR SS. Dublin. Dublin

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR S. S. AgonaAgonaIsolated from Animals and HumansIsolated from Animals and Humans

PFGE Profiles of MDR PFGE Profiles of MDR S. S. Newport Isolated from Newport Isolated from Animals, Meats and HumansAnimals, Meats and Humans

SummarySummaryMDR serotypes other than Typhimurium and Newport were MDR serotypes other than Typhimurium and Newport were identifiedidentified

Some MDR clones were widely spread in food animals and Some MDR clones were widely spread in food animals and identified in retail foods of animal originidentified in retail foods of animal origin

Indistinguishable Xba1 patterns are currently being characterized using Bln1 to further determine clonality

Moving towards rapid and timely PFGE analysis among NARMS Retail Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates

Continue to actively participate in PulseNet communication through the WebBoard and serve as a resource for all participants

FDAFDACVM/DAFM (NARMS working group)CVM/DAFM (NARMS working group)

CDCCDCNARMS working groupNARMS working group

PulseNetPulseNet

FoodNet EIP funded sitesFoodNet EIP funded sites

State veterinary diagnostic labsState veterinary diagnostic labs

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

CVM PulseNet teamCVM PulseNet team