MDG Goal#2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

MDG Goal#2:MDG Goal#2:Achieve Universal Primary Achieve Universal Primary

EducationEducation

AquinoAquinoMarasiganMarasiganMercadoMercadoSazonSazon

MDG Goal#2MDG Goal#2

Achieve universal primary education Achieve universal primary education specifically aims to ensure that, by specifically aims to ensure that, by

2015, children everywhere, boys and 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. full course of primary schooling.

Present Status of the GoalPresent Status of the Goal

Slow progress of achieving this goal Slow progress of achieving this goal in the Philippinesin the Philippines

There is a lower probability of There is a lower probability of achieving this goal compared to achieving this goal compared to other MDGother MDG

Net enrollment ratio in primary Net enrollment ratio in primary education as well as the proportion education as well as the proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 6 are far below their targets. grade 6 are far below their targets.

Current Condition of Current Condition of Philippine EducationPhilippine Education

Deteriorating condition of educationDeteriorating condition of education With our generally low enrolment With our generally low enrolment

rates, low proportion of pupils rates, low proportion of pupils starting grade 1 to 6, and high drop-starting grade 1 to 6, and high drop-out rates the country’s rank in out rates the country’s rank in education out of 138 other countries education out of 138 other countries cannot be denied. cannot be denied.

Current Condition of Current Condition of Philippine EducationPhilippine Education

The Philippines, according to National The Philippines, according to National Competitiveness Council (NCC), is Competitiveness Council (NCC), is ranked 99 in terms of primary ranked 99 in terms of primary education, 69th in the educational education, 69th in the educational system, and 112th in science and math. system, and 112th in science and math.

the Philippines was falling behind the Philippines was falling behind Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. Thailand and Vietnam.

Factors that Led to the Factors that Led to the Current Condition of Current Condition of

Education in the PhilippinesEducation in the Philippines Can be attributed to the lack of fundsCan be attributed to the lack of funds during the Macapagal-Arroyo during the Macapagal-Arroyo

administration, “the government has administration, “the government has been religiously implementing the been religiously implementing the limited or zero growth in government limited or zero growth in government spending recommended by the World spending recommended by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank” Bank”

FactorsFactors

the average annual growth rate of the the average annual growth rate of the DepEd’s budget has been negative 3.5 DepEd’s budget has been negative 3.5 percent.percent.

decrease in funds has continued to affect decrease in funds has continued to affect in terms of condition of educationin terms of condition of education

lack of funds has resulted to the many lack of funds has resulted to the many shortages in education such as lack of shortages in education such as lack of textbooks, classrooms, seats, and most textbooks, classrooms, seats, and most especially teachers. especially teachers.

FactorsFactors

Increase in tuition and other fees due Increase in tuition and other fees due to the reduction of allocation for to the reduction of allocation for state universities and colleges.state universities and colleges.

With increase in college tuition, less With increase in college tuition, less of the poor majority can enroll into of the poor majority can enroll into universities and collegesuniversities and colleges

Affects their chances of getting Affects their chances of getting employed employed

FactorFactor

Unemployment Unemployment No job-> no income->no education No job-> no income->no education

for childrenfor children

Possibility of the Possibility of the Philippines to achieve this Philippines to achieve this

goalgoal The Philippines, unfortunately, will not The Philippines, unfortunately, will not

achieve its goal of universal primary achieve its goal of universal primary education by 2015 as seen in the poor education by 2015 as seen in the poor “trends in education indicators,” “trends in education indicators,”

Insufficient budget given to the Insufficient budget given to the Department of Education (DepEd) is Department of Education (DepEd) is the reason for the probable failure of the reason for the probable failure of achieving the target. achieving the target.

Efforts of the Present Efforts of the Present Administration to achieve Administration to achieve

Goal #2Goal #2 The Aquino Administration has The Aquino Administration has

currently increased the budget of the currently increased the budget of the Department of Education by 15.2% Department of Education by 15.2% to P238.8 billion in 2012 from P207.3 to P238.8 billion in 2012 from P207.3 billionbillion

building 66,000 classroomsbuilding 66,000 classrooms hiring 13,000 additional teachers in hiring 13,000 additional teachers in

20122012


Goal #2Goal #2 increasing the educational cycle to 12 years increasing the educational cycle to 12 years

basic educationbasic education giving pre-schooling for allgiving pre-schooling for all providing a Madaris Education providing a Madaris Education introducing Technical Vocational Education introducing Technical Vocational Education

as an alternative for high school seniors as an alternative for high school seniors after graduatingafter graduating

campaigning to make every child a reader campaigning to make every child a reader by Grade 1 by Grade 1

building a strong Science and Math building a strong Science and Math curriculumcurriculum


Goal #2Goal #2 using Filipino as a medium of using Filipino as a medium of

instruction for Grades 1-3instruction for Grades 1-3 providing quality textbooksproviding quality textbooks teaming up with the local teaming up with the local

governments to build more schools in governments to build more schools in smaller areas. smaller areas.

so far they have not yet been so far they have not yet been executed executed

The K+12 ProgramThe K+12 Program

entitles that a 12-year basic entitles that a 12-year basic education is given to every Filipinoeducation is given to every Filipino

encompasses 12 years of education encompasses 12 years of education and a year for kindergarten and a year for kindergarten

Benefits of the K+12Benefits of the K+12

Workload will be equally distributed Workload will be equally distributed with the extra two years. with the extra two years.

Allows graduates to adjust to the Allows graduates to adjust to the new demands of the changing new demands of the changing society and gain new skills that are society and gain new skills that are needed for the current job market needed for the current job market

Helps prepare Graduates for higher Helps prepare Graduates for higher education education


More years of education would More years of education would supposedly increase wagessupposedly increase wages

Makes it easier to go overseas for Makes it easier to go overseas for academics and professionals can also academics and professionals can also now be recognized overseas.now be recognized overseas.

Economy’s growth is predicated to Economy’s growth is predicated to increase in the long run increase in the long run


Graduates and professionals will be Graduates and professionals will be recognized and at par with standards recognized and at par with standards abroadabroad

Develops individuals in emotional Develops individuals in emotional and intellectual aspects making them and intellectual aspects making them more capable in pursuit of work-life. more capable in pursuit of work-life.

K+12K+12

Will not help in achieving the second Will not help in achieving the second goal of the MDG’sgoal of the MDG’s

K+12 will take from the already small K+12 will take from the already small amount of budget.amount of budget.

Adding years does not ensure the Adding years does not ensure the quality of educationquality of education

The poorer citizens of the Philippines The poorer citizens of the Philippines will not be able to afford the additional will not be able to afford the additional years years

K+12K+12

The Aquino administration should The Aquino administration should focus on improving the quality of focus on improving the quality of education now.education now.

Funds for this implementation could Funds for this implementation could just be used for building more just be used for building more classrooms, providing more classrooms, providing more textbooks, and hiring more teachers. textbooks, and hiring more teachers.

Possible Solutions for the Possible Solutions for the Government to Do to Keep Government to Do to Keep

the Target by 2015the Target by 2015 raising enough resources, willingness to raising enough resources, willingness to

reform the tax system, the focus on reform the tax system, the focus on educational reforms, and “the preferences educational reforms, and “the preferences for fiscal austerity versus the desire to for fiscal austerity versus the desire to spend in order to deliver essential spend in order to deliver essential services.” services.”

additional money must be given to the additional money must be given to the education sector in order for the second education sector in order for the second goal to be achieved.goal to be achieved.


the Target by 2015the Target by 2015 The future of Goal #2 lies on how the The future of Goal #2 lies on how the

government will spend the funds. government will spend the funds. Provide for the shortages in Provide for the shortages in

classrooms, seats, textbooks and classrooms, seats, textbooks and teachers. By increasing the resources teachers. By increasing the resources available, then more students can be available, then more students can be accommodated. accommodated.

Tuition fees should not be increased Tuition fees should not be increased


the Target by 2015the Target by 2015 find a way to keep students in school find a way to keep students in school financial aid should be established financial aid should be established

Analysis of StatisticsAnalysis of Statistics

Enrollment and Dropout RatesEnrollment and Dropout Rates The enrolment and dropout rates The enrolment and dropout rates

depict how many students in each depict how many students in each year are studying in school and how year are studying in school and how many actually finish a school year. many actually finish a school year.

Net enrolment ratio at the elementary level continued to decrease in SY 2005-2006 and still far from the target

Net enrolment ratio at the secondary level increased slightly in SY 2005-2006 but still way below the target

Net enrolment ratio at the elementary level will increase to 91.0% in SY 2004-2005 and 93.0% in SY 2009-2010

Net enrolment ratio at the elementary level Source of data: DepEd

Net enrolment ratio at the secondary level will increase to 67.5% in SY 2004-2005 and 83.7% in SY 2009-2010

Net enrolment ratio at the secondary level Source of data: DepEd

Strategy/Target Indicator Accomplishments versus Targets

Performance

Enrollment and Dropout Enrollment and Dropout RatesRates

Enrolment ratio actually decreased, Enrolment ratio actually decreased, failing to hit the target. failing to hit the target.

A decrease in the amount of people A decrease in the amount of people able to apply for jobs able to apply for jobs

Dropout rate at the elementary level declined slightly in SY 2004-2005 but increased in SY 2005-2006

Dropout rate at the secondary level continued to increase and still far from the target

Dropout rate at the elementary level will decrease to 5.5% in SY 2004-2005 and 4.3% in SY 2009-2010

Dropout rate at the elementary level

Source of data: DepEd

Dropout rate at the secondary level will decrease to 11.2% in SY 2004-2005 and 8.1% in SY 2009-2010

Dropout rate at the secondary level

Source of data: DepEd

Enrollment and Dropout Enrollment and Dropout RatesRates

dropout ratio, which was targeted to dropout ratio, which was targeted to decrease, increaseddecrease, increased

Classroom to Student, Classroom to Student, Teacher to Student, and Teacher to Student, and

Textbook to Student RatioTextbook to Student Ratio Strategy/Target Indicator Accomplishments

versus TargetsPerformance

Target for both levels was achieved before the target period. Number of pupils per classroom at the elementary level started to improve in SY 2005-2006

Maintain a classroom-pupil/student ratio at an average of 1:50

Number of pupils/students per classroom at the elementary and secondary level Source of data: DepEd

Target was achieved as early as SY 2004-2005 for both levels. Number of students per classroom at the secondary level started to improve in SY 2005-2006

Maintain a 1:50 teacher-pupil/student ratio

Number of pupils/students per teacher at the elementary and secondary level Source of data: DepEd

Target was achieved as early as SY 2004-2005 for both levels. Number of students per classroom at the secondary level started to improve in SY 2005-2006

Maintain a 1:50 teacher-pupil/student ratio

Number of pupils/students per teacher at the elementary and secondary level Source of data: DepEd

Classroom to Student, Classroom to Student, Teacher to Student, and Teacher to Student, and

Textbook to Student RatioTextbook to Student Ratio These two targeted ratios have been These two targeted ratios have been

reached reached Due to the other targets which have Due to the other targets which have

not been reached, it can still be said not been reached, it can still be said that the progress towards achieving that the progress towards achieving universal primary education is not universal primary education is not going as planned. going as planned.

Completion RateCompletion Rate

Completion rate is the percentage of Completion rate is the percentage of how many students have finished how many students have finished their last year or primary school.their last year or primary school.

the completion rate has increased the completion rate has increased from 2007 to 2010 from 2007 to 2010

Other Factors affecting Other Factors affecting EducationEducation

50 percent of the unemployed are 50 percent of the unemployed are mostly young (ages 15 to 24), 64 mostly young (ages 15 to 24), 64 percent of the unemployed are percent of the unemployed are mostly males, and 43.5 percent of mostly males, and 43.5 percent of the unemployed are undergraduates the unemployed are undergraduates or college graduates.or college graduates.


Poverty affects education as can be Poverty affects education as can be seen when families are unable to pay seen when families are unable to pay for tuition and families have to spend for tuition and families have to spend most of their money on their basic most of their money on their basic needs such as food and clothing. needs such as food and clothing.

Students cannot afford other fees Students cannot afford other fees aside from the tuition such as school aside from the tuition such as school materials.materials.


Many of the youth need to get jobs to Many of the youth need to get jobs to support themselves and their family support themselves and their family instead of going to school, but instead of going to school, but because of lack of education, they because of lack of education, they are unemployed as many jobs are unemployed as many jobs require college degrees. require college degrees.


There are many college graduates but There are many college graduates but sometimes there is an oversupply sometimes there is an oversupply

This oversupply are those whose skills This oversupply are those whose skills and training are for jobs which the and training are for jobs which the labor market does not need. labor market does not need.

Graduates being produced do not Graduates being produced do not fulfill the job demand or wants of the fulfill the job demand or wants of the industry. industry.


In terms of what is being done now, In terms of what is being done now, “Commission on Higher Education “Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is focused on ensuring that (CHED) is focused on ensuring that Philippine educational institutions are Philippine educational institutions are developing a national qualifications developing a national qualifications framework to improve tertiary framework to improve tertiary education. education.

ConclusionConclusion

Although Philippine education is Although Philippine education is lagging behind that of other lagging behind that of other countries, it can still improve.countries, it can still improve.

Goal #2 can be fulfilled if Aquino will Goal #2 can be fulfilled if Aquino will be able to keep enrolment rates be able to keep enrolment rates high, and dropout rates low. high, and dropout rates low.

Able to provide enough resources to Able to provide enough resources to the many students that need to the many students that need to study. study.


Not only keep more children in school, but Not only keep more children in school, but also improve the quality of education also improve the quality of education

By spending the budget wisely, DepEd can By spending the budget wisely, DepEd can train teachers to be more efficient. train teachers to be more efficient.

Aquino must also fix the problem of Aquino must also fix the problem of unemployment to achieve Goal #2. unemployment to achieve Goal #2.

It is a cycle and in order to break it, DepEd It is a cycle and in order to break it, DepEd should improve education to what is should improve education to what is required by the jobs that are in demand. required by the jobs that are in demand.


If President Aquino wishes to truly If President Aquino wishes to truly achieve universal primary education, achieve universal primary education, then he must start by eradicating then he must start by eradicating poverty.poverty.

By improving the quality of life of By improving the quality of life of the impoverished, the poor will be the impoverished, the poor will be able to afford education able to afford education


MDG Goal #2 may not be achieved MDG Goal #2 may not be achieved by 2015, but it cannot be denied that by 2015, but it cannot be denied that the Philippines is on the way to the Philippines is on the way to achieving universal primary achieving universal primary education. education.

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MDG Goal#2: Achieve Universal Primary Education