Md. Nurul Alam Senior Structural Engineer, ADPC

Md. Murad Billah Senior GIS Coordinator, ADPC

2

Effects of Great Indian / Bengal Earthquake 12 June 1897 Magnitude : 8.7 Distance from Dhaka : 250 Km

3

Collapse of building in Armanitola Dhaka

4

Rail Track at Rangpur

5

Court-Kachari Building Collapsed at Mymensing

6 Railway and Train Derailed at Nilphemary

10th December 1949 – North of Saidpur (Rajshahi Division).

15th August 1950 – Assam Earthquake. The epicenter was at 780 kms from Dhaka City.

24th December 1950 – Near Baniyachung (Northern Chittagong Division)

12th June 1956 –Near Netrakona (Northern Dhaka Division).

21st June 1963 –Near Netrakona (Northern Dhaka Division).

12th May 1977 – Bangladesh-Myanmar border (Chittagong Division).

6th February 1988 –Near Sylhet (Northern Chittagong Division).

12th June 1989 – Bay of Bengal, Khulna Division.

8th May 1997 – Indo-Bangladesh border region(Chittagong Division).

21st November 1997 – Southern Mizoram, India, often called as Bandarban Earthquake, 22.21N, 92.7E. In Chittagong, a five-storied building collapsed. 23 people were killed and another 200 were injured in Chittagong.

22nd July, 1999 –Maheshkhali Island (Chittagong Division).

31st December 1999 – Kutubdia Island (Chittagong Division).

19th December, 2001 –Dhaka Area (Dhaka Division).

27th July, 2003-Rangamati (Chittagong Hill Tracts)

MAJOR EARTHQUAKES AFFECTING BANGLADESH

EARTHQUAKE IN CHITTAGONG & RANGAMATI

ON JULY 27, 2003.

LGED OFFICE BUILDING, RANGAMATI

LAKER’S PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANGAMATI

LAKER’S PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANGAMATI

BDR CLUB, KALABUNIA, RANGAMATI

HEALTH COMPLEX, KALABUNIA, RANGAMATI

NIKCHENDRA

PRIMARY

SCHOOL,

KALABUNIA,

RANGAMATI

ADOBE HOUSE, KALABUNIA, RANGAMATI

HEALTH COMPLEX, KALABUNIA, RANGAMATI

BDR CAMP, KALABUNIA, RANGAMATI

Overview of Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings

RADIUS-a Simplified tool for Seismic Damage Estimation (Overview)

23

SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS

23

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment

Seismic Damage Estimation

Seismic Hazard

Building Stock Lifeline Systems

Geological Data

Damage

Vulnerability

and risk

Vulnerability

Assessment

Methods

FEMA 154

Euro Code 8

NZ Code

IITK GSDMA

FEMA 310

NRC

Risk

Assessment

Method

RADIUS

TO FIND OUT THE SUITABLE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOL

FEMA 154

Euro Code 8

NZ Code

IITK GSDMA

FEMA 310

NRC

Turkish

Hybrid Method

FEMA : Federal Emergency Management Agency Euro Code 8: European Code NZ Guidelines: From New Zealand Code IITK GSDMA : Indian Guidelines NRC: National Research Council, Canada Turkish Method Hybrid Method : FEMA 310 + IITK GSDMA

24

Data Collection of

Existing Buildings

(Field Survey)

• Structural type

•Occupancy class

•Basic information

•Basic vulnerability

data

Building

Attributes

Site Attributes

• pga,

•topography

Building

Vulnerability

Vulnerability Assessment

( FEMA 154)

Conceptual Framework of

Vulnerability Assessment

26

Field Survey Activity

Training Discussion Site survey

27

Survey Activities

Portion of Survey Team Field Training Field Survey

28

26%

3%4%

67%

Vulnerability Factors

Soft Storey

Heavy Overhang

Short Column

Pounding Possibility

Vulnerability factors in Ward 44

1.5 m

Large opening

Common Terms in Building’s

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment

29

Label Bangladesh Occupancy Class Example Description

Building Code

Residential

RES1 A1 Single Family Dwelling House

RES2 A4 Minimum Standard Housing

RES2A < 25 occupants

RES2B 25-100 occupants

RES2C 100+ occupants

RES3 A2 Multi Family Dwelling Apartment/Condominium

RES3A < 10 units

RES3B 10-19 units

RES3C 20-49 units

RES3D 50+ units

RES4 A5 Temporary Lodging Hotel/Motel

RES5 A3 Institutional Dormitory Group Housing (military, student), Jails

RES6 Sub-Standard Housing Slum, Tin-Shed

Commercial

COM1 F2 Small Shops and Markets Street-Side Shops

COM2 F3 Large Shops and Markets Shopping Malls, Complex

COM3 Personal and Repair Services Automobile workshop, Car wash

COM4 Professional/Technical Services Office

COM5 Banks

COM6 D2 Hospitals

COM7 D1 Medical Office/Clinic

COM8 Entertainment and Recreation Restaurant, Snooker club

COM9 Theaters

COM10 Mixed Occupancy Residential - Commercial

Industrial

IND1 Heavy Large rubber industry, Plastic factory, Car industry

IND2 Light Small textile & garments factory

IND3 Food/Drugs/Chemicals

IND4 Metals/Minerals Processing

IND5 High Technology Computer/electrical apparatus

IND6 Construction Under construction building

Agriculture

AGR1 Agriculture Farm house

Religion/Non-Profit

REL1 Mosque/Non-Profit

Government

GOV1 General Services Government office, Post office

GOV2 Emergency Response Police station, Fire station

Education

EDU1 Grade Schools High school, Religious school, Library

EDU2 Colleges/Universities

Build

ing O

ccupancy C

lass

Height No.

HAZUS no.

Label Description Name Stories

1 16 C1L Low-Rise 1-3

2 17 C1M Mid-Rise 4-7

3 18 C1H

Concrete Moment Frames

High-Rise 8+

4 19 C2L Low-Rise 1-3

5 20 C2M Mid-Rise 4-7

6 21 C2H

Concrete Shear Walls

High-Rise 8+

7 22 C3L Low-Rise 1-3

8 23 C3M Mid-Rise 4-7

9 24 C3H

Concrete Frame with Unreinforced Masonry Infill Walls

High-Rise 8+

10 - C4L Low-Rise 1-3

11 - C4M Mid-Rise 4-7

12 - C4H

Concrete Slab-Column Frames

High-Rise 8+

13 28 PC2H Precast Concrete Frames High-Rise 8+

14 3 S1L Low-Rise 1-3

15 4 S1M Mid-Rise 4-7

16 5 S1H

Steel Moment Frame

High-Rise 8+

Eng

ineere

d B

uild

ings

17 - LCL Low-Rise 1-3

18 - LCM Mid-Rise 4-7

19 - LCH

Lightly Reinforced Concrete Frame with Masonry Infill Walls

High-Rise 8+

20 - BCL Low-Rise 1-3

21 - BCM

Brick in Cement Mortar Masonry with Concrete Floor Mid-Rise 4-7

22 - BFL Brick in Cement Mortar Masonry with

Flexible Roof Low-Rise 1-3

23 - BLL Brick with Lime/Mortar with Flexible

Floor/Roof Low-Rise 1-3

24 - TSL Tin Shed Low-Rise 1-3

25 - BAL Bamboo Low-Rise 1-3

26 - STM Steel Truss with Masonry Wall Low-Rise 1

27 - STC Steel Truss with Concrete Column Low-Rise 1

28 9 S3 Steel Truss with Steel Column Low-Rise 1

None

ngin

eere

d B

uild

ings

Structure types shall be subdivided as table A:

Table A: Building Structure (Model Building) Types for Bangladesh Construction

Build

ing S

tructu

ral T

ypes

32

Beam

(Horizontal member)

Column

(Vertical member)

Schematic View of Frame Structure

Vulnerable Factors

Soft Ground Story

• Soft/Weak First

Storey

drift

normal Soft story

drift

35

Soft Storey

36

Soft Storey

Soft/Weak 1 st story from opening in the front side (No. of Story > 1)

Soft Storey

Gujarat EQ

Soft story

Effects of 1997 Earthquake

How to solve Soft story

41

Ground fl plan 1 st floor plan

Heavy Overhang

42 Heavy Overhang

43 Heavy Overhang

Short column effects

Short column problem may arise due to arrangement of infill walls or

other non-structural, architectural member. Sometimes, the infill walls

are shorter than the column. The top of the walls may be opened for

lightening purposes in schools, hospitals and apartments.

Short column effect…...

Vulnerability Factors

Vulnerability Factors

Short column effect…...

47

Short Column

Pounding effects

Mid-column pounding Taller adjacent building pounding

All new constructions have to have a seismic separation of 1.5% of the height between adjacent buildings to prevent pounding.

Vulnerability Factors • Pounding Possibility

1.5 % of Taller Building

(No of Storey x 2”)

50

Pounding effects

51

Pounding possibility

52

Pounding possibility

53

Building in slope land

Building in Slope Land

Construction on slope land

Vulnerability Factors • Shape of Building in Plan

401 Shape of the building block in plan (encircle the appropriate number)

1

Square

2

Rectangular (L< =3B)

3

Narrow Rectangular (L> 3B)

4

T-Shaped Building

5

L-Shaped Building

6

U-Shaped Building

7

E-Shaped Building

8

Building with Central

Courtyard

9

H-Shaped Building

Shape of Buildings in Plan

Rectangular Narrow Rec.

Irregular

Narrow Rec.

b

h h

b

Narrow tall (Height of the building should be less than 3b)

Shape in Elevation

Buildings in Elevation

Regular

Set Back

Narrow Tall

Let’s have an Exercise

62

For Structural Types and Occupancy Classes

63

Co

ncre

te F

ram

e w

ith U

nre

info

rce

d M

aso

nry

Infill W

alls

, M

ulti F

am

ily D

wellin

g

ID 01

64

Brick in Cement Mortar Masonry with Concrete Floor Single Family Dwelling

ID 02

65

Brick in Cement Mortar Masonry with Concrete Floor Mixed Occupancy Residential – Commercial

ID 03

66

For Vulnerability Factors

Vulnerability Assessment

with FEMA 154

Plan and Elevation Scale:

Address:

Pin

Other Identifiers

GPS Coordinates (if available)

No. Stories Year Built

Surveyor Date

Total Floor Area (sq. ft./sq. m)

Building Name

Use

Current Visual Condition: Excellent / Good / Damaged / Distressed

Building on Stilts / Open Ground Floor: Yes / No

Construction Drawings Available: Yes / No

PHOTOGRAPH

(OR SPECIFY PHOTOGRAPH NUMBERS)

OCCUPANCY SOIL TYPE (IS 1893:2002) FALLING HAZARDS Assembly Govt. Office Commercial Historic Residential Emer.Service Industrial School

Max. Number of Persons 0 – 10 11 – 100 101 – 1000 1000+

Type I Type II Type III Hard Soil Medium Soil Soft Soil

Chimneys Parapets Cladding Other:

BASIC SCORE, MODIFIERS, AND FINAL SCORE, S

BUILDING TYPE Wood S1 S2 C1 C2 C3 URM1 URM2 URM3 URM4 (FRAME) (LM) (MRF) (SW) (INF) (BAND+RD) (BAND+FD)

Basic Score 4.4 3.6 3.8 3.0 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.0 2.4

Mid Rise (4 to 7 stories) N/A +0.4 N/A +0.2 +0.4 +0.2 +0.4 +0.4 -0.4 -0.4

High Rise (>7 stories) N/A +0.8 N/A +0.5 +0.8 +0.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Vertical Irregularity -3.0 -2.0 N/A -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.5

Plan Irregularity -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5

Code Detailing N/A +1.4 N/A +1.2 +1.6 +1.2 +2.0 +2.0 N/A N/A

Soil Type II -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -0.4

Soil Type III -0.6 -1.2 -1.0 -1.0 -1.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8

Liquifiable Soil -1.2 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6

FINAL SCORE, S

Result Interpretation (Likely building performance) S < 0.3 High probability of Grade 5 damage; Very high probability of Grade 4 damage

0.3 < S < 0.7 High probability of Grade 4 damage; Very high probability of Grade 3 damage

0.7 < S < 2.0 High probability of Grade 3 damage; Very high probability of Grade 2 damage

2.0 < S < 3.0 High probability of Grade 2 damage; Very high probability of Grade 1 damage

S > 3.0 Probability of Grade 1 damage

Further Evaluation

Recommended

YES NO

Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Vulnerability

FEMA 154 Data Collection Form for Seismic Zone III

Plan and Elevation Scale:

Address:

Pin

Other Identifiers

GPS Coordinates (if available)

No. Stories Year Built

Surveyor Date

Total Floor Area (sq. ft./sq. m)

Building Name

Use

Current Visual Condition: Excellent / Good / Damaged / Distressed

Building on Stilts / Open Ground Floor: Yes / No

Construction Drawings Available: Yes / No

PHOTOGRAPH

(OR SPECIFY PHOTOGRAPH NUMBERS)

OCCUPANCY SOIL TYPE (IS 1893:2002) FALLING HAZARDS Assembly Govt. Office Commercial Historic Residential Emer.Service Industrial School

Max. Number of Persons 0 – 10 11 – 100 101 – 1000 1000+

Type I Type II Type III Hard Soil Medium Soil Soft Soil

Chimneys Parapets Cladding Other:

BASIC SCORE, MODIFIERS, AND FINAL SCORE, S

BUILDING TYPE Wood S1 S2 C1 C2 C3 URM1 URM2 URM3 URM4 (FRAME) (LM) (MRF) (SW) (INF) (BAND+RD) (BAND+FD)

Basic Score 4.4 3.6 3.8 3.0 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.0 2.4

Mid Rise (4 to 7 stories) N/A +0.4 N/A +0.2 +0.4 +0.2 +0.4 +0.4 -0.4 -0.4

High Rise (>7 stories) N/A +0.8 N/A +0.5 +0.8 +0.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Vertical Irregularity -3.0 -2.0 N/A -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.5

Plan Irregularity -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5

Code Detailing N/A +1.4 N/A +1.2 +1.6 +1.2 +2.0 +2.0 N/A N/A

Soil Type II -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -0.4

Soil Type III -0.6 -1.2 -1.0 -1.0 -1.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8

Liquifiable Soil -1.2 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6

FINAL SCORE, S

Result Interpretation (Likely building performance) S < 0.3 High probability of Grade 5 damage; Very high probability of Grade 4 damage

0.3 < S < 0.7 High probability of Grade 4 damage; Very high probability of Grade 3 damage

0.7 < S < 2.0 High probability of Grade 3 damage; Very high probability of Grade 2 damage

2.0 < S < 3.0 High probability of Grade 2 damage; Very high probability of Grade 1 damage

S > 3.0 Probability of Grade 1 damage

Further Evaluation

Recommended

YES NO

General Information

Assessment

Plan and Elevation Scale:

Address:

Pin

Other Identifiers

GPS Coordinates (if available)

No. Stories Year Built

Surveyor Date

Total Floor Area (sq. ft./sq. m)

Building Name

Use

Current Visual Condition: Excellent / Good / Damaged / Distressed

Building on Stilts / Open Ground Floor: Yes / No

Construction Drawings Available: Yes / No

PHOTOGRAPH

(OR SPECIFY PHOTOGRAPH NUMBERS)

OCCUPANCY SOIL TYPE (IS 1893:2002) FALLING HAZARDS Assembly Govt. Office Commercial Historic Residential Emer.Service Industrial School

Max. Number of Persons 0 – 10 11 – 100 101 – 1000 1000+

Type I Type II Type III Hard Soil Medium Soil Soft Soil

Chimneys Parapets Cladding Other:

BASIC SCORE, MODIFIERS, AND FINAL SCORE, S

BUILDING TYPE Wood S1 S2 C1 C2 C3 URM1 URM2 URM3 URM4 (FRAME) (LM) (MRF) (SW) (INF) (BAND+RD) (BAND+FD)

Basic Score 4.4 3.6 3.8 3.0 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.0 2.4

Mid Rise (4 to 7 stories) N/A +0.4 N/A +0.2 +0.4 +0.2 +0.4 +0.4 -0.4 -0.4

High Rise (>7 stories) N/A +0.8 N/A +0.5 +0.8 +0.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Vertical Irregularity -3.0 -2.0 N/A -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -1.5 -1.5

Plan Irregularity -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5

Code Detailing N/A +1.4 N/A +1.2 +1.6 +1.2 +2.0 +2.0 N/A N/A

Soil Type II -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.4 -0.4

Soil Type III -0.6 -1.2 -1.0 -1.0 -1.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.2 -0.8 -0.8

Liquifiable Soil -1.2 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6

FINAL SCORE, S

Result Interpretation (Likely building performance) S < 0.3 High probability of Grade 5 damage; Very high probability of Grade 4 damage

0.3 < S < 0.7 High probability of Grade 4 damage; Very high probability of Grade 3 damage

0.7 < S < 2.0 High probability of Grade 3 damage; Very high probability of Grade 2 damage

2.0 < S < 3.0 High probability of Grade 2 damage; Very high probability of Grade 1 damage

S > 3.0 Probability of Grade 1 damage

Further Evaluation

Recommended

YES NO