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Environment

Chapter 2:Managing Hardware

Devices

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Objectives

Understand the importance of managing hardware

Understand the purpose of device drivers

Configure hardware resource settings and resolve

resource setting conflicts

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Objectives (continued)

Configure driver signing options

Optimize server processor and memory usage

Create and configure hardware profiles

Configure server power options

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Introduction to Managing

Hardware Managing and maintaining hardware is a primary

responsibility of a network administrator 

A wide variety of internal and external hardwarecomponents available

Key concepts to be discussed

Hardware compatibility

Device drivers

Device Manager 

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Hardware Compatibility Server hardware must meet minimum system

requirements for Windows Server 2003

Microsoft maintains information about compatiblehardware

Previous Windows versions: Hardware Compatibility

List

Windows Server 2003: Windows Server Catalog

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Windows Server Catalog Web 

Site

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Understanding Device Drivers

A device driver is a software interface between an

operating system and a hardware device

Generally want to use the specific recommendeddriver for a device

Affects stability and performance

Driver updates are frequent and usually available

from manufacturer  Driver signing is a technique used to verify that a

driver has been tested

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Device Manager Primary tool for managing device drivers

Allows administrator to view and modify

hardware device properties

Should be used soon after Windows Server 2003 

installation to verify device detection and

functioning

Accessible from Control Panel or Computer 

Management tool

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Accessing Device Manager

Control Panel

System Hardware

Tab

Computer 

Management

System Tools

Device Manager 

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Device Manager (continued) Displays non-functioning devices

Yellow exclamation point

Displays manually disabled devices

Red x

Allows you to update drivers

Download driver and install through Device Manager 

Use Hardware Update Wizard

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The Hardware

Update Wizard

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Activity 2-1: Exploring Device

Manager

Objective is to explore the use of Device Manager 

View properties of existing hardware Explore different views of information

Start My Computer  Properties Hardware Tab

Device Manager 

Follow directions in book to complete exercise

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Plug and

Play Devices

Windows Server 2003 is Plug and Play compliant

 New hardware is usually Plug and Play Installed devices detected automatically

Detected devices configured automatically

May need to locate or update device driver 

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Activity 2-2: Installing a Plug

and Play Hardware Device Objective:

Uninstall device using Device Manager 

Reinstall using Add Hardware Wizard

Start Run, type devmgmt.msc

 New method for accessing device manager 

Follow instructions in book to complete uninstall

Check uninstall completed

Reinstall using Add Hardware Wizard

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Legacy Devices

Many older devices not Plug and Play

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus devices

not Plug and Play

May or may not be detected by Windows Server 

2003

Typically must be configured manually Add Hardware Wizard used to install and/or 

configure

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Hardware Resource Settings

Four main types of resources

Direct Memory Access (DMA) channels

Input/Output (I/O) ranges Memory address ranges

Interrupt request (IRQ) lines

Resource settings configured from Resources tab

of properties of hardware device in DeviceManager 

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Hardware Resource Settings

(continued)

Manually configured resource settings may have

conflicts

Resource conflicts can cause device malfunction

Conflicts determined using Device Manager 

Resources tab for a device

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Resources Tab for Network 

Adapter Card

Conflict list

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Direct Memory Access

Channels Allow hardware devices to access system memory

(RAM) directly

Information transfer bypasses CPU

Common devices

Hard and floppy disk controllers

Sound cards

CD-ROM drives DMA channel used by a device can be determined

from Device Manager 

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Input/Output Ranges

Small dedicated memory areas

Allocated specifically for data transfer betweencomputer and hardware device

Type of device dictates size of memory area

I/O ports can be determined from Device Manager 

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Interrupt Request

Lines

Used to gain attention of the system processor to

handle some event

Traditionally, each device had dedicated line

Trend is toward sharing lines, Windows Server 

2003 supports sharing among some Plug and Play

devices

IRQ lines can be viewed and managed from

Device Manager 

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MemoryA

ddresses Used for communication between a hardware

device and the operating system

Devices configured with dedicated, uniquememory address ranges

Windows Server 2003 will automatically allocate

memory addresses for Plug and Play devices

For legacy devices, address ranges usually

specified in documentation

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Activity 2-3: Viewing Resource

Settings Using Device Manager

Objective is to use Device Manager to explorehardware resource settings

Open Device Manager in one of the waysdescribed in earlier activities

Observe the resources on a display adapter,keyboard, and communications port

Configure settings and observe properties oncommunications port according to explanation in book 

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Troubleshooting Resource

Setting Conflicts

Manual configuration of devices can lead to

resource conflicts (overlaps and duplication of 

assignments)

Two methods for checking for resource conflicts

Resources tab in properties of device using Device

Manager  System Information tool

To open, type msinfo32.exe in Run command

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Troubleshooting Resource

Setting Conflicts (continued) System Information tool

Reporting rather configuration

Hardware Resources section displays summary info

Conflicts display conflicts

Forced Hardware allows identification of manually

configured devices

Components displays resource settings plus driver info

Problem Devices shows devices with known problems

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Viewing Problem Devices using

the System Information tool

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Configuring Device Driver Signing

Every built-in driver in Windows Server 2003 is

digitally signed by Microsoft

Signing ensures compatibility, quality,

authenticity, verified to work with hardware Three possible driver signing verification options

Ignore: install any driver whether signed or not

Warn: show warning if attempt is made to install

unsigned driver 

Block: don¶t allow installation of unsigned driver 

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Configuring Driver Signing Options

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Activity 2-4: Configuring

Driver Signing Options Objective is to explore and configure settings for 

device drivers using Device Manager 

Start My Computer  Properties Hardware tab Driver Signing

Explore help topics on driver signing

Complete assignment to explore and configuresettings using Device Manager 

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Activity 2-5: Using the File

Signature Verification Utility Objective is to use the File Signature Verification

utility to ensure that all installed system files and

device drivers have been digitally signed Start Run sigverif.exe Advanced Logging

Scan files and log results following directions

View log

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Advanced File Signature

Verification Settings

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Roll Back Driver Feature Common for vendors to release new or updated

drivers for hardware devices

Fix known issues, take advantage of updated features

Driver updates sometimes result in system

stability problems

When update causes problems, roll back allows

going back to a previous version

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Activity 2-6: Using the Roll

Back Driver Feature Objective is to use Roll Back Driver feature to

return to a previous version of a device driver 

Start My Computer  Properties Hardware Device Manager 

Follow directions to change to a new driver and

then roll back to previous driver for display

adapter 

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The Driver Tab in the

Properties of a Display Adapter

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Configuring Processor and

Memory Settings

Three basic areas to configure for optimal

 performance Processor scheduling and memory usage

Virtual memory

Memory for network performance

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P

rocessor Sch

eduling Allows you to configure how processor resources

are allocated to programs

Default is Background services (all runningapplications receive equal processor time)

Can set to Programs (foreground application

receives priority processor time)

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Processor Scheduling

(continued) Memory usage options used to configure amount

of system memory allocated to executing

 programs versus other server functions Default is System cache option

Computer is acting as network server 

Running programs that require considerable memory

P

rograms option Computer is acting as workstation

Running programs at console

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Virtual Memory Disk storage used to expand RAM capacity

Slower than RAM

Uses paging technique

Blocks (pages) of information moved from RAM to

virtual memory on disk 

On Pentium, pages are 4KB

Paged out when not in use, reloaded into RAM when

needed

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Virtual Memory (continued) Area allocated is called paging file

Default amount allocated when operating system

installed but should be tuned by administrator 

 Name of paging file is pagefile.sys

Location of paging file important (see pg. 68)

Two important parameters: initial and maximumsize

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Activity 2-7: Viewing and

Configuring Virtual MemorySettings

Objective is to explore and configure virtual

memory settings

Move the paging file to a new drive

Start My Computer  Properties Advanced tab

Follow instructions to move the paging file

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Memory for Network 

Performance

Memory used for both server functions and

network connectivity functions

Server functions use RAM and memory

 Network connectivity uses only memory

If performance is poor, may need to tune network 

memory parameters

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Configuring Server Memory

for Network Optimization

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HardwareP

rofiles Set of instructions defining which devices to start

and drivers to load when computer starts

Profile 1 created when Windows Server 2003 installed, every device enabled

Portable computers change set of hardware device

available at different times

Can create additional profiles to match situation

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Activity 2-8: Creating a

Hardware Profile Objective is to create a new hardware profile for a

set of hardware devices

Start My Computer  Properties Hardware tab Hardware Profiles

Follow directions to create a new profile with no

CD-ROM drive or floppy drive

Test that devices are disabled when using new

 profile

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Configuring Power Options

Default power scheme is Always On (monitor off 

after 20 minutes, hard disks never off)

Can select other predefined schemes or create custom

scheme Standby mode

Components shut down and memory is not written to

disk (if power goes out, memory information is lost)

Power supply and CPU remain active

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Configuring Power Options

(continued)

Hibernate mode

Memory contents saved before shutting down disks Can restart with previous applications running

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

Battery backup device

Best fault-tolerance method to prevent damage with power loss

Can only sustain power for a limited time

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Activity 2-9: Defining a Power

Scheme Objective is to configure a new power scheme

Start Control Panel Power Options

Follow directions to create a power scheme tosupplied specifications

Also explore configuring UPS (uninterruptible

 power supply) to provide battery backup for 

critical equipment

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Summary

Device drivers

Driver signing

Driver roll back 

Device Manager tool

Primary tool for device management

Plug and play versus legacy devices

Installation and configuration

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Summary (continued)

Hardware Resource Settings

Direct Memory Access (DMA) channels

Input/Output (I/O) ranges

Memory address ranges

Interrupt request (IRQ) lines

Processor Scheduling and Memory Usage

Virtual memory

 Network memory Hardware Profiles

Power Options