CNS PharmacologyGeneral anesthetics

1. The state of “general anesthesia” usually includes:a) Analgesiab) Loss of consciousness, inhibition of sensory and autonomic reflexesc) Amnesiad) All of the above

2. Inhaled anesthetics and intravenous agents having general anesthetic properties:a) Directly activate GABA receptorsb) Facilitate GABA action but have no direct action on GABAA receptorsc) Reduce the excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmissiond) Increase the duration of opening of nicotine-activated potassium channels

3. The anesthetic agent , which is an inhibitor of NMDA glutamate receptors is :a) Thiopentalb) Halothanec) Ketamined) Sevoflurane

4. An ideal anesthetic drug would:a) Induces anesthesia smoothly and rapidly and secure rapid recoveryb) Posses a wide margin of safetyc) Has a minimal adverse effectsd) All of the above

5. Which of the following general anesthetics belongs to inhalants?a) Thiopentalb) Desfluranc) Ketamined) Propofol

6. The anesthetic, which is used intravenously is :a) Propofolb) Halothanec) Desfluraned) Nitrous oxide

7. Sevoflurane has largely replaced halothane and isoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic of choice because:a) Induction of anesthesia is achieved more rapidly and smoothlyb) Recovery is more rapidc) It has low post- anesthetic organ toxicityd) All of the above

8. The limitation of sevoflurane is:a) High incidence of coughing and laryngospasmb) Chemically unstablec) Centrally mediated sympathetic activation leading to a rise of BP and HRd) Hepatotoxicity

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CNS PharmacologyGeneral anesthetics

9. Which of these anesthetics lacks sufficient potency to produce surgical anesthesia by itself and is commonly used with another anesthetic?a) Halothaneb) Sevofluranec) Nitrous oxided) Desflurane

10. The inhaled anesthetic, which reduces arterial pressure and heart rate is :a) Isofluraneb) Halothanec) Desfluraned) Nitrous oxide

11. Which of the following causes centrally mediated sympathetic activation leading to a rise in BP & HR?a) Desfluraneb) Sevofluranec) Nitrous oxided) Isofurane

12. The inhaled anesthetic, which decreases the ventilatory response to hypoxia is :a) Sevofluraneb) Nitrous oxidec) Desfluraned) Halothane

13. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics is an induction agent of choice in patient with airway problems?a) Desfluraneb) Nitrous oxidec) Halothaned) Isoflurane

14. The inhaled anesthetic, which causes the airway irritation is :a) Nitrous oxideb) Sevofluranec) Halothaned) Desflurane

15. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics increases cerebral blood flow least of all?a) Sevofluraneb) Nitrous oxidec) Isofluraned) Desflurane

16. The inhaled anesthetic, which should be avoided in patients with a history of seizure disorders is :

a) Enflurane

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CNS PharmacologyGeneral anesthetics

b) Nitrous oxidec) Sevofluraned) Desflurane

17. Which of the following inhaled anesthetics can produce hepatic necrosis?a) Sovefluraneb) Desfluranec) Halothaned) Nitrous oxide

18. Which of the following anesthetics decreases metheonine synthase activity and causes megaloblastic anemia?a) Desfluraneb) Halothanec) Nitrous oxided) Soveflurane

19.Unlike inhaled anesthetics, intravenous agents such as thiopental, etomidate, and propofol:a) Have a faster onset and rate of recoveryb) Provide a state of conscious sedationc) Are commonly used for induction of anesthesiad) All of the above

20. The intravenous anesthetic, which is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate is :a) Fentanylb) Thiopentalc) Midazolamd) Ketamine

21. Which of the following agents is used to accelerate recovery from the sedative actions of intravenous BDZ?a) Naloxoneb) Flumazenilc) Ketamined) Fomepizole

22. Which of the following intravenous anesthetics has antiemetic actions?a) Thiopentalb) Propofolc) Ketamined) Fentanyl

23. The intravenous anesthetic, which causes minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects is:a) Propofolb) Thiopentalc) Etomidated) Midazolam

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CNS PharmacologyGeneral anesthetics

24. The intravenous anesthetic, which produces dissociative anesthesia is :a) Midazolamb) Ketaminec) Fentanyld) Thiopental

25. Ketamine anesthesia is associated with:a) Cardiovascular stimulationb) Increased cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption and intracranial pressurec) Disorientation, sensory and perceptual illusions, and vivid dreams following anesthesiad) All of the above

Inhalation Anesthetics :♣ E EG changes ( Epilepsy - like seizures ) Enflurane .♣ Reflex tachycardia Isoflurane & Desflurane ( I.D.) .♣ Myocardial suppression Halothane & Enflurane ( he) .♣ Airway irritation Enflurane , Isoflurane & Desflurane ( eid or die ) .♣ H epatotoxicity Halothane ( in adults ONLY )♣ Sensitizes the Heart to catecholamine Halothane .

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Answers:1.d2.a3.c4.d5.b6.a7.d8.b9.c10.b11.a12.b

13.c14.d15.b16.a17.c18.c19.d20.b21.b22.b23.c24.b25.d