MCL 140 : Engineering Thermodynamics

Collection of Concepts Evolved out of Biological Characteristic of Humans

Lead to Creation of Human Dominated Planet..

An Engineering Domination to Natural ExpertsRunning Faster

40 – 48 km/hr

~350 km/hr

An Engineering Domination to Natural ExpertsSwimming Faster

The Sail Fish

An Engineering Domination to Natural ExpertsFlying Faster

A Engineering Domination to Natural ExpertsLoad Carriers

Cow Brain Protein Could Build Better Batteries and Solar Cell Cow

• Researchers at Stanford are exploring the idea that clathrin, a protein found in cow brains, can form nanostructured inorganic material for use in solar cells and batteries.

• Unlike synthetic materials used in energy tech that require nasty chemicals and high temperatures to form specific shapes, clathrin can be tweaked at room temperature and pressure.

• If all goes well, next-generation solar panels may very well contain traces of cow brain.

• Raw food eating habits to Micro wave based cooking.• Human and animal vehicles to Automobiles.• Watching a flying bird to flying like a bird at high speeds.• Manual machines to Electric appliances.• Living with available seasonal food to eating anything at

any time.• Spending hours on paper note book calculations to High

speed computing note book.• ……………• ………………• ………………………

Continuous Evolution of Homo Sapients

Human impact on the environment

• Human impact is called as an anthropogenic impact.

• The term anthropogenic designates an effect or object resulting from human activity.

• The anthropogenic impact on the environment includes impacts on biophysical environments, biodiversity and other resources.

• The atmospheric scientist Paul Crutzen introduced the term "anthropocene" in the mid-1970s.

• The term is sometimes used in the context of pollution emissions that are produced as a result of human activities but applies broadly to all major human impacts on the environment.[

State of ecosystems, habitats and species

• In the past, human interaction with nature, enriched the quality and variety of the living world and its habitats, although having a disruptive effect on nature.

• Today, however, human pressure on natural environments is greater than before in terms of magnitude and efficiency in disrupting nature.

• The policies pursued in the industry, transport and energy sectors having a direct and damaging impact on the nature.

• The strong focus of forestry management on economic targets primarily causes the decline in biodiversity, soil erosion and other related effects.

Manifestations of the degradation

• The clearest manifestations of the degradation of the natural environment are:

• Reduction and fragmentation of habitats and landscapes.

• A decreased species diversity, due to reduced habitable surface area which corresponds to a reduced "species carrying capacity".

• The reduction of the size of habitats also reduces the genetic diversity of the species living there.

• Loss of Species of Fauna and Flora.

http://www.hobart.k12.in.us/jkousen/Biology/impact.html

Mangal Turbine (Old design)(Farmers Version)

New Turbine (Design I) (CIMMY T-RWC)

Comparative Study of Original Design and that of R&D

Picture 1: With Dr BK Saha I A S Picture 2:With native Villagers

Place: River “SAJNAM” in Village Bhailoni Lodh,Lalitpur,Uttar Pradesh, India

Assam, India: Micro Hydro Power Project to Benefit 38 Families

• Inhabitants of a remote village in the rugged, mountainous terrain of North Cachar Hills are getting uninterrupted power supply even though it is not connected by conventional power grid.

• This has been made possible by the State’s first micro hydro-electricity.• The project generates 6.8 KVA power from a hilly stream called Boro Robi

nullah near the hamlet. • It has a 12-foot-high water reservoir and a turbine. • “This was started as a pilot project with support from the Army, and

following its successful implementation, we plan to set up more such micro hydel projects in similar terrain in the district,” HP Rajkumar, Project Director, District Rural Development Agency (DRDA), NC Hills, said, adding that a couple of sites had already been identified for the purpose.

• Rajkumar said that the Army engineers designed the turbine, which cost Rs 1.25 lakh. “The Army has been very enthusiastic about the project and extended every possible cooperation to us.

• We got technical expertise from the IIT-Delhi as well,” he said. • At the moment the project is illuminating 38 households of the village

besides a school, a church, a temple and an auditorium. “The households have two bulbs each.

 

Are the Humans created to disrupt the Nature????!!!???

Let us understand the special bio-energetic characteristic of Humans….

Thermodynamic Classification Living Species

Life on Earth

Autotrophs Heterotrophs

Earth, Life and Energy

• Life on Earth is driven by energy.

• Autotrophs take it from solar radiation and create Energy Reservoirs on Earth.

Creators and Exploiters of Energy Reservoirs

Heterotrophs take it from autotrophs.

Carbon Cycle With Autotrophs and Somatic Heterotrophs

Energy and Human Evolution

• The humans are extrasomatic heterotrophs.

• The ability to use energy extrasomatically enables human beings to use far more energy than any other heterotroph that has ever evolved.

• The human population modified more and more of its environment by using extrasomatic energy to suit human needs.

• The world's present population of over 5.5 billion is sustained and continues to grow through the use of extrasomatic energy.

• The human race expanded its resource base so that for long periods it has exceeded contemporary requirements.

WINDSCLOUDS

VEGETATION

CHEMICAL ENERGY

Heating ofOCEAN S

SOLARRADIATION

RA

INS

CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS

SO

LAR

EN

ER

GY

INCOMINGRESOURCE

FOSSIL FUELCOAL

PETROLEUMNATURAL GAS

FOSSILIZATION

WINDSCLOUDS

HYDRO ENERGY

VEGETATION

CHEMICAL ENERGY

OCEAN THERMALENERGY

SOLARRADIATION

THERMAL WAVEWIND ENERGY

VE

LOC

ITY

RA

INS

CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS

SO

LAR

EN

ER

GY

INCOMINGRESOURCE

FOSSIL FUELCOAL

PETROLEUMNATURAL GAS

FOSSILIZATION

Calorific Value

Technology Vs Power

Water Mills

Wind Mills

Heat Engines

Steam /gas turbines

MechanicalMachine free?

Origin of Engineering Thermodynamics

The Greatest Extra-somatic Action

Discovery of FIRE, FLAME and TORCH

• Fire is a discovery rather than an invention.

• Homo erectus probably discovered fire by accident.

• Fire was most likely given to man as a 'gift from the heavens' when a bolt of lightning struck a tree or a bush, suddenly starting it on fire.

• The flaming touch and the campfire probably constituted early man's first use of 'artificial' lighting.

• As early as 400,000 BC, fire was kindled in the caves of Peking man.

• Prehistoric man, used primitive lamps to illuminate his cave.

• Various Oils were used as fuels.