Mch Newborn and Family Planning Priya

8/13/2019 Mch Newborn and Family Planning Priya

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MCH- Neonatal and Under-5 care

&

Family Planning


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Childhood Division

Infancy (up to 1 year)

neonatal (first 28 days of life)

post neonatal (28days to 1 year)

preschool (1-4 years)

school age (5-14 years)


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Objectives of Early Neonatal Care

Proper functioning of Cardio-respiratory system

Maintenance of body temperature

Avoidance of infection

Satisfactory feeding regimen

Early detection of congenital and acquired disorders


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Immediate care

Clearing the airway

APGAR score

Maintenance of body temperature

Breast feeding

Care of cord

Care of eyes

Care of skin


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APGAR SCORE


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Neonatal examination

First examination

Cyanosis

Difficulty in breathing

Imperforate anus

Persistent vomiting

Signs for cerebral irritation

Temperature instability


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Second examination

Body size

Body temperature

Skin

Cardio-respiratory activities

Neurobehavioral activity

Head and face

Abdomen Limbs and joints

Spine

External genitalia


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Measuring the baby

Birth weight

Length(height)

Head circumference

Neonatal screening


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Definitions

Low Birth Weight

Pre-Term Babies Small for Date Babies


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Kangaroo mother care

4 main components

Skin to skin positioning

Breast feeding

Ambulatory care

Support for mother and her family


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Growth and development


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Growth chart


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Uses of Growth Chart

Growth monitoring

Planning and policy making

Diagnostic tool

Educational tool

Tool for action

Evaluation

Tool for teaching


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Care of under 5 children


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Health problems in pre-school children

Low birth weight

Malnutrition

Infections and parasitic infestation

Accidents and poisoning

Behavioral problems

Other problems( Family, socio economic, Environment)


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Definition

A way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily,

upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible

decisions by individuals and couples, in order to promote

the health and welfare of the family group and thus

contribute effectively to the social development of a

country


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Health aspects

Womens health

MMR, nutritional deficiencies, complications of

pregnancy and child birth

Fetal health

Abnormal development and fetal mortality

Infant and child health

IMR, birth weight, vulnerability to diseases


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Contraceptive methods

Spacing methods

Barrier methods

Physical

Chemical

Combined

IUCDs

Hormonal

Post-conceptional

Miscellaneous

Terminal methods

Male sterilization

Female sterilization


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BARRIER METHOD

Prevents pregnancy blocks the egg and sperm from

meeting

Barrier methods have higher failure rates than hormonal

methods due to design and human error


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MALE CONDOM

Most common and effective barrier method when

used properly

Latex and Polyurethane should only be used in theprevention of pregnancy and spread of STIs (including

HIV)

Failure rate of 2-3 per 100 women-years


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Condom

Advantages

Easily available

Easy to use

No side effects

Protects against STDs as

well

Disadvantages

High failure rate

Interferes with coitus


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Diaphragm

Advantages

Total absence of

risk and medicalcontraindications

Disadvantages

Has to be first demonstrated

by medical personnel

Can be used only after

involution of uterus after

delivery

If left in situ for long, can cause

toxic shock syndrome


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DIAPHRAGM


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SPERMICIDES

Chemicals kill sperm in the vagina

Different forms:

-Jelly -Film

-Foam -Suppository

Some work instantly, others require pre-insertion

Only 76% effective (used alone), should be used in

combination with another method i.e., condoms


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Intrauterine Devices (IUD)


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Copper T vs.. Progestasert

10 years

99.2 % effective

Copper on IUD acts as

spermicide, IUD blocks egg

from implanting

Must check string before

intercourse and after

shedding of uterine lining.

1 year

98% effective

T shaped plastic that releases

hormones over a one year

time frame

Thickens mucus, blocking egg

Check string before

intercourse & after shedding

of uterine lining.


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Hormonal Methods

Oral Contraceptives

(Birth Control Pill)

Injections (Depo-Provera)

Implants (Norplant I & II)


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How does the pill work?

Stops ovulation

Thins uterine lining

Thickens cervical mucus


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Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills

Prevents pregnancy

Eases menstrual

cramps

Shortens period

Regulates period

Decreases incidence

of ovarian cysts

Prevents ovarian and

uterine cancer

Decreases acne


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Side-effects

Breast tenderness

Nausea

Increase in headaches

Moodiness

Weight change

Spotting


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Taking the Pill

Once a day at the same time everyday

Use condoms for first month

Use condoms when on antibiotics

Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a pill or take one late

The pill offers no protection from STDs


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Injectable contraceptives

Birth control shot given once every three months to

prevent pregnancy

99.7% effective preventing pregnancy

No daily pills to remember

DMPA, NET-EN and DMPA-SC are commonly used


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How does the shot work?

Stops ovulation

Stops menstrual cycles!!

Thickens cervical mucus


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SIDE EFFECTS

Extremely irregular menstrual bleeding and spotting for

3-6 months!

Weight change Breast tenderness

Mood change

*NOT EVERY WOMAN HAS SIDE-EFFECTS!


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IMPLANTS

Implants are placed in the body filled with hormone that

prevents pregnancy

Physically inserted in simple 15 minute outpatient

procedure

Plastic capsules the size of paper matchsticks inserted

under the skin in the arm


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Norplant Implant


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Emergency Contraception

Pills can reduce the chance of a pregnancy by 75% if

taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex!


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Emergency Contraception (ECP)

Must be taken within 72 hours of the act of unprotected

intercourse or failure of contraception method

Must receive ECP from a physician

7584% effective in reducing pregnancy


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ECP

Floods the ovaries with high amount of hormone and

prevents ovulation

Alters the environment of the uterus, making it

disruptive to the egg and sperm

Two sets of pills taken exactly 12 hours apart


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Miscellaneous

Withdrawal

Natural Family Planning

Fertility Awareness Method

Abstinence


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Abstinence

Only 100% method of birth control

Abstinence is when partners do not engage in sexual

intercourse

Communication between partners is important for those

practicing abstinence to be successful


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STERILIZATION

Procedure performed on a man or a woman permanently

sterilizes

Female = Tubal Ligation

Male = Vasectomy


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LAPAROSCOPY-BAND-AID

STERILIZATION


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VASECTOMY

Male sterilization procedure

Ligation of Vas Deferens tube

No-scalpel technique available

Faster and easier recovery than a tubal ligation

Failure rate = 0.1%, more effective than female

sterilization


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Thank You

Dr. Priya Rathi

Documents

Mch Newborn and Family Planning Priya