MC Medical Terms Asked in PG Entrance Examinations

MC Medical terms asked in PG

entrance examinations!

Alphabetical compilation, taken from different medical text books/guide

books/self-help books/notes made by author during his studies.

LAST MINUTE REVISION NOTES

A useful list of terms for last minute revision before exam..

Disease /Terms Definition/Features/Seen in

Actinic keratosis Seen in SCC

Albright's syndrome Characterized by Polycystic fibrous dysplasia, precocious

puberty, café-au-lait spots, short stature, seen in young girls

Albumino-cytologic

dissociation

Seen in Guillain-Barre ( increased protein in CSF with only

modest increase in cell count).

Alport's syndrome Characterized by Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness

ABM-antibodies +nt in Goodpasture's syndrome

Anti-centromere Ab +nt in Scleroderma (CREST)

Anti-ds DNA

Ab (ANA antibodies)

+nt in SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Anti-epithelial cells Ab +nt in Pemphigus vulgaris

Anti-gliadin Ab +nt in Celiac disease

Anti-IgG Ab +nt in Rheumatoid arthritis

Anti-mitochondrial Ab +nt in primary biliary cirrhosis

Anti-neutrophil Ab +nt in Vasculitis

Anti-platelet Ab +nt in Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Disease/Term Definition/Features/Seen in

Arachnodactyly Seen in Marfan's syndrome

Argyll Robertson pupil Seen in Neurosyphilis; Accommodation Reflex Present,

pupilary reflex absent

Arnold-Chiari malformation Seen in Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Aschoff bodies Seen in Rheumatic fever

Atrophy of the mammillary

bodies

Seen in Wernicke's encephalopathy

Auer rods Seen in AML (specially the promyelocytic M3 type)

Auto-splenectomy Seen in Sickle cell anemia

Babinski's sign +nt in UMN lesion

Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa Seen in Rheumatoid arthritis

"Bamboo spine" on x-ray Seen in Ankylosing spondylitis

Barret's esophagus leads to adenocarcinoma esophagus

Bartter's syndrome Characterized by Hyperreninemia

Disease /Terms

Definition/Features/Seen in

Basophilic stippling of RBCs Seen in Lead poisoning

Becker's muscular dystrophy Due to Defective dystrophin; less severe than DMD

Bell's palsy Idiopathic LMN CN VII palsy

Bence-Jones Proteins Seen in Multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda ig light chains in

urine), Waldenstrom's-macroglobulinemia-(IgM)

Berger's disease IgA nephropathy

Bernard-Soulier disease Characterized by Defect in platelet adhesion

Bilateral hilar adenopathy,

uveitis

Seen in Sarcoidosis

Birbeck granules on EM Feature of Histiocytosis X (Eosinophilic granuloma)

Bloody tap on L.P. Seen in SAH

Blount's disease Tibia vara

"Blue bloater" Feature of Chronic bronchitis

Boot-shaped heart on x-ray Seen in Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH

Bouchard's nodes Seen in Osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)

Boutonniere deformity Seen in Weil Marchesani syndrome

Branching rods in oral

infection

Is Actinomyces israelii

Disease/Term

Definition/Feature/Seen in

"Brown tumor" of bone Osteolytic cysts appearing brown due to hemorrhage,

seen in Hyperparathyroidism, Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von

Recklinghausen's disease)

Bruton's disease Seen in X-Linked agammaglobulinemia

Budd-Chiari syndrome Characterized by Post hepatic venous thrombosis

Buerger's disease Seen in Small/medium artery vasculitis

Burkitt's lymphoma T(8:14); associated with EBV; "starry sky- appearance on

histology

Burton's lines Seen in Lead poisoning

c-ANCA, p-ANCA Seen in Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic

polyangitis

Cafe-au-lait spots on skin Feature of Neurofibromatosis

Caisson disease Caused due to Gas emboli

Calf pseudo-hypertrophy Seen in DMD

Call-Exner bodies Seen in Granulose-theca cell tumor of ovary

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy Chagas's disease

Cerebri-form nuclei Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-celI lymphoma)

Chagas's disease Caused by Trypanosome infection

Disease/Term


Chancre Seen in primary syphilis (painless)

Chancroid Seen in Hemophilus ducreii (painful)

C'harcot's triad 1.)Multiple sclerosis(nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning

speech),

2.)cholangitis(jaundice, RUQ pain, fever)

Charcot-Leyden crystals Feature of Bronchial asthma (eosinophiIic membranes)

Chediak-Hegashi disease Due to Phagocyte deficiency

Cherry-red spot on macula Seen in Tay-Sachs, Nicmann-Pick dis, CRAO

Cheyne-Strokes respirations Due to Central apnea in CHF and elevated intracranial pressure

Chocolate atrophic gastritis leads to gastric carcinoma

Chvostek's sign Seen in Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of

the

Vagina

Due to DES exposure in utero

Clue cells Pathognomonic of Gardnerella vaginitis (MC Q asked )

Codman's triangle on x-ray Seen in Osteosarcoma

Cold agglutinins Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis

Cold intolerance Seen in Hypothyroidism

Disease/Term


Condyloma auminata Is Anal warts

Cotton-wool spots MC ocular manifestations of AIDS, Chronic hypertension

Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza +

Fever

Is Measles

Councilman bodies Seen in Herpes virus

Crescents in Bowman's capsule Seen in Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Crigler-Najjar syndrome Is Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Curling's ulcer Is Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Currant-jelly sputum Seen in Klebsiella infection

Curshmann's spirals Seen in Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)

Cushing's ulcer Seen in Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

D-dimers Seen in DIC

Depigmentation of neurons in

substantia nigra

Feature of Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder. Rigidity,

resting tremor & bradykinesia)

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea 3D, seen in Pellagra (niacin i.e. vitamin B3 deficiency)

Diabetes insipidus +

exophlhalmos + lesions of skull

Characteristic of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease

Disease/Term


Dog or cat bite Causes Pasteurella multocida infection

Donovan bodies Seen in Granuloma inguinale infection .

Dressler's syndrome Is Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis

Dubin-Johnson syndrome Is Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Duchenne's muscular

dystrophy Due to Deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive)

Eburnation Is Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)

Edward's syndrome Due to Trisomy 18 (Eighteen) associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears & heart disease

Eisenmenger's complex Is Late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L to R shunt becomes R to L shunt

Elastic skin Seen in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Erb-Duchenne palsy Involves Superior trunk (C5-C6) brachilal plexus injury ("waiter's tip)"

Erythema chronicum

migrans Seen in Lyme disease

Erythema multi-forme Characterized by Target lesions on skin

Erythema marginatum Seen in Rheumatic fever

Fanconi's syndrome Is Proximal tubular reabsorption defect

"Fat, female, forty, and

fertile" Feature of Acute cholecystitis

Fatty liver Seen in alcoholism

Disease/Term


Ferruginous bodies asbestosis

Gardner's syndrome Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors

Gaucher's disease Glucocerebrosidase deficiency

Ghon focus 1° TB

Gilbert's syndrome Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia Defect in platelet aggregation

Goodpasture's syndrome Autoantibodies against alveolar and elomerular basement

membrane proteins

Gower's maneuver Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off the

floor)

"Hair-on-end- (crew-cut)

appearance on x-ray

fl-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary

hematopoiesis)

Hand-Schuller-Christian disease Chronic progressive histiocytosis

HbF Thalassemia major

HbS Sickle cell anemia

hCG elevated Choriocarcinoma. hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without

embryo)

Heberden's nodes Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)

Disease/Term


High-output cardiac

failure,dilated-cardiomyopathy

Seen in Wet beriberi (due to thiamine i.e. vitamin B, deficiency)

HLA-B27 +nt in Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis

HLA-DR3 or DR4 +nt in DM type I (caused by autoimmune destruction of β-cells

Homer Wright rosettes +nt in Neuroblastoma

Honeycomb lung on x-ray Due to Interstitial fibrosis

Homer's syndrome Characterized by Ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos & anhydrosis

Howell-Jolly bodies Seen after Splenectomy (or nonfunctional spleen) • Huntington's disease Due to Caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)

Hyperphagia + hypersexuality +

hyperorality + hyperdocility

Feature of Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdale)

Hyperpigmentation of skin Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)

Hypersegmented neutophils Seen in Macrocytic anemia

Hypertension + hypokaleinia Feature of Conn's syndrome

Hypochromic microcytosis Seen in Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning

Increased α-fetoprotein in

amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Feature of Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

+nt in Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. myeloproliferative

Disease/Term


Jane-way lesions Seen in Infective endocarditis

Jarisch-Herxheirner reaction Seen in Syphilis due to overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes

symptoms due to rapid lysis

Job's syndrome Due to Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality

Kaposi's sarcoma Seen in AIDS pt ( in homosexuals )

Kartagener's syndrome Due to Dynein defect

Kayser-Flescher rings Seen in Wilson's disease

Keratin pearls Seen in Squamous cell carcinoma

Kimrnelstiel-Wilson nodules Seen in Diabetic nephropathy

Kluver-Bucy syndrome Due to Bilateral amygdala lesions

Koilocytes Seen in HPV infection

Koplik spots Seen in Measles

Kussmaul hyperpnea Seen in DKA

Lens dislocation + aortic

dissection + joint hyperflexibility

Seen in Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin deficit), AD

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome HGPRT deficiency, gout. mental retardation, self mutilation

Li Fraurneni syndrome Due to Mutation of p53 tumor suppressor gene

Lewy bodies Parkinson's disease

Disease/Term


Mallory bodies Seen in Alcoholic liver disease

Mallory-Weiss syndrome Is Esophagogastric lacerations

McArdle's disease Due to Muscle phosphorylase deficiency

McBurney's sign Pathognomonic of Appendicitis

MLF syndrome (INO) Is Multiple sclerosis

Monoclonal antibody spike

.

1.Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or

IgA),2.MGUS (monoclonal

gammopathy of undetermined significance),3.Waldenstrom's

Macroglobulinemia

Myxedema Seen in hypothyroidism

Neerotizing vasculitis (lungs) and

necrotizing glomerulonephritis

Feature of Wegener's or Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and

glomerular disease)

Needle-shaped, negatively

birefringment crystals

Pathognomonic of gout

Negri bodies Seen in Rabies .

Nephritis + cataracts + hearing

loss

Seen in Alport's syndrome (Anterior Lenticonus)

Neurofibrillary tangles Seen in Alzheimer's disease

Disease/Term


Occupational exposure of

asbestos Leads to Malignant mesothelioma

"Orphan Annie" nuclei Seen in Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Osler's nodes Seen in Endocarditis

Owl's eye Seen in CMV infection

Painless jaundice Is feature of Pancreatic cancer (head)

Palpable purpura on legs and

buttocks

Seen in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)

Pancoast's tumor Is Bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome

Parkinson's disease Due to Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion

Periosteal elevation on x-ray Seen in Pyogenic osteromyelitis

Peatz-Jeghers syndrome Is Benign polyposis

Peyronie's disease Leads to Penile fibrosis

Philadelphia chromosome Seen in CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)

Pick bodies Seen in Pick's disease

Pick's disease Is Progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's

"Pink puffer" Is Emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar, (α-1-AT def.)

Pizza pie, tomato ketchup & Feature of CMV retinitis

Disease/Term


Podocyte fusion Seen in Minimal change disease on EM

Polyneuropathy, cardiac

pathology, and edema

Seen in Dry beriberi (due to thiaminei.e. vitamin B1 deficiency)

Polyneuropathy preceded by

GI or

respiratory infection

. - Is Guillian-Barre syndrome

Pompe's disease Due to Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with

cardiomegaly

Port-wine stain Seen in Hemangioma

Positive anterior "drawer sign" Due to Anterior cniciate ligament injury

Pott's disease Seen in Vertebral tuberculosis

PSaMMoma bodies Seen in Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid, Serous papillary

cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary,

Meningioma, Mesothelioma

Pseudorosettes tumor cell

arrangement

Seen in Glioblastoma multiforme

Pseudorosettes Seen in Ewing's sarcoma • Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis Feature of Horner's syndrome (Pancoast's tumor)

Rash on palms and soles secondary syphilis, Rocky mountain spotted fever

Disease/Term


Rotor's syndrome Is Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinernia

Rouleaux formation (RBCs) Seen in Multiple myeloma

S3 heart sound +nt in L to R shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), MR, LVF (CHF)

S4 heart sound +nt in AS, hypertensive subaortic stenosis

Schiller-Duval bodies +nt in Yolk sac tumor

Senile plaques +nt in Alzheimer's disease

Sezary syndrome Is Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Sheehan's syndrome Due to Postpartum pituitary necrosis

Shwartzman reaction +nt in Neisseria meningitidis

Signet ring cells +nt in Gastric carcinoma

Simian crease +nt in Down syndrome

Sipple's syndrome Is MEN type ha

Sjogren's syndrome Characterized by Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

Skip lesions +nt in Crohn's disease

Slapped cheeks +nt in Erythema infectiosum ( fifth disease)

Smith antigen +nt in SLE • "Smudge cell" +nt in CLL

Disease/Term Definition/Feature/Seen in

T(8;14) +nt in Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)

t(9;22) +nnt in Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)

t(14;18) +nt in Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Tabes dorsalis Seen in tertiary syphilis

Tendon xanthomas

(classically +nt in

Achilles tendon)

Seen in Familial hypercholesterolemia

Thumb sign on lateral x-

ray Seen in Epiglottitis (H. intluenzae infn.)

Thyroidization of kidney Seen in Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

"Tram-track" appearance on

LM Seen in Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Trousseau's sign +nt in Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory

thrombophlebitis), hypo-calcemia

(carpal spasm)

Virchow's node Is Left supraclavicular node enlargement due to metastatic

carcinoma of the stomach

Virchow's triad Seen in Pulmonary embolism (triad of blood stasis, endothelial

damage, hyper-coagulation)

Von Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis with café-au-lait spots

Disclaimer:-

This PPP was made in large interest of Doctors preparing for PG entrance

examination, also useful for practicing Doctors for quick brush up.

Non-medicos are not supposed to use this info for self treatment.

REFERENCE:- various medical text books/guide books/self-help

books/class notes.

This list is bound to grow in future.

All comments & suggestions are welcome.

I have taken maximum care of accuracy and tried to be precise in my best

of knowledge & kept it to the point, as I was inspired by books I read.

Send your comments at [email protected]

Visit www.drjha.in for regular updates.

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MC Medical Terms Asked in PG Entrance Examinations