Mbeki and After: Reflections on the Legacy of Thabo Mbeki

8/8/2019 Mbeki and After: Reflections on the Legacy of Thabo Mbeki

1/49

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2/49

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3/49

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4/49

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5/49

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6/49

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7/49

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rlgsj szbbjstngas fad gxbfansftngafk na}zt `fdj }gssnhkj tlj

ogacjxjaoj z}ga rlnol tlns hgge dxjr! Tlj ogacjxjaoj rfs fksg `fdj

}gssnhkj h~ f bxfat cxg` tlj Zanjxsnt~ gc Rntrftjxsxfads Cfozkt~ gc

Lz`fantnjs tg nts _olggk gc _gonfk _onjaojs+ bxftjczkk~ xjojnjd! N tlfae+cnafkk~+ tlj ogacjxjaoj s}jfejxs+ olf}tjx ogatxnhztgxs fad faga~`gzs

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tlj hgge9 natjkkjotzfk stn`zkftnga fad oxntnofk jabfbj`jat!

Dfx~k Bkfsjx+ Zanjxsnt~ gc tlj Rntrftjxsxfad

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8/49

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FAO^K FAO gztl Kjfbzj

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FXC Fcxnofa Xjafnssfaoj fad Natjxaftngafk Og-g}jxftnga Czad

FXS Fatn-xjtxgnxfk

F_JFA Fssgonftnga gc _gztl Jfst Fsnfa Aftngas

FZ Fcxnofa ZangaFRO Fatn-Rfx Ogfkntnga

Fyf}g Fyfanfa ]jg}kjs Gxbfansftnga

FYT Fyndgtl~`ndnaj

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DAJ Dj}fxt`jat gc Aftngafk Jdzoftnga

D]_F Dj}fxt`jat gc ]zhkno _jxnoj fad Fd`nanstxftnga


9/49

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JTT Jkjotgxfk Tfse Tjf`CHN Cgxz` gc Hkfoe Igzxafknsts

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C\N Cxjjdg` gc J|}xjssnga Nastntztj

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NH_F Nadnf-Hxfynk-_gztl Fcxnof

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10/49

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GFZ Gxbfansftnga gc Fcxnofa Zant~

GHJ Gztog`js-hfsjd jdzoftnga

GDF Gccnonfk djjkg}`jat fssnstfaoj

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_FLXO _gztl Fcxnofa Lz`fa Xnblt Og``nssnga

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_og}f _tfadnab Og``nttjj ga ]zhkno Foogzats

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ZAJ_OG Zantjd Aftngas Jdzoftngafk _onjatncno fad Ozktzxfk

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YFAZ-]C Yn`hfhrj Fcxnofa Aftngafk Zanga ]ftxngtno Cxgat


11/49

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12/49

Ns tljxj fa @hjen kjbfo~7 Kggenab hfoe ft Tlfhg @hjens }xjsndjao~

cxg` f fatfbj }gnat gc `nd-8=6= fa ghsjxjx nblt jfsnk~ ogaokzdj tlft

tlft kjbfo~ szol fs nt ns ogasnsts na tlxjj okfssjs gc }ljag`jaf9

`f~lj` ofzsjd fad agr ajjdnab tg hj xj}fnxjd ,}gknonjs ga FND_ fad

Yn`hfhrj.+ hftgas `jxjk~ }fssjd cxg` @hjens }xjdjojssgx tg lns

szoojssgx ,f czaotnganab dj`goxfo~ fad `n|jd jogag`~. fad sjj`nabk~

jvzfk-fad-g}}gsntj xjfotngas jknontjd f`gab tlj cgx`jx }xjsndjats fa~

jaj`njs ,tlj natjxafk FAO xjhjkknga fbfnast @hjen fad szhsjvzjat

jccgxts h~ tlj notgxngzs xjhjks tg jstfhknsl f agt Tlfhg @hjen st~kj gc

bgjxafaoj.! Nt ns tlj tlnxd okfss tlj xjfotngas jknontjd tlft rnkk sjj`tg fa~ tlj gst n`}gxtfat cgx zadjxstfadnab _gztl Fcxnofa bgjxafaoj

agr+ fad tljxjcgxj tg ogastntztj @hjens gst }fk}fhkj kjbfo~!

6

@HJEN FAD LN_ KJBFO^9

F oxntnofk natxgdzotnga

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13/49

Tlns hjnab sg+ rl~ slgzkd tljxj hj f hgge+ agr+ fhgzt Tlfhg @hjen

fad lns kjbfo~7 Cgx gaj tlnab+ }zhkno natjxjst na @hjen xj`fnas szx}-

xnsnabk~ stxgab fs jndjaojd+ cgx j|f`}kj+ h~ fdfaoj sfkjs cgx hgges

fhgzt tlj cgx`jx }xjsndjat! Tlj natjxjst ns }fxtk~ ,stnkk. na tlj fa+ jja

fs lj szkes na xjtnxj`jat! Hngbxf}ljxs+ ogkz`ansts fad }gkntnofk sonjatnsts

lfj cjkt og`}jkkjd tg xjtggk fs f`ftjzx }s~olgkgbnsts tlj hjttjx tg

zadjxstfad tlj cgx`jx }xjsndjats }s~olno og`}kj|nt~! Fad @hjens rfs

f ogasjvzjatnfk og`}kj|nt~9 lns sjasntnnt~ tg xfonfk sknblt dnxjotk~ nackzja-

ojd bgjxa`jat f}}xgfoljs tg tlj FND_ }fadj`no fad tlj oxnsns naYn`hfhrj5 cjjknabs gc nasjozxnt~ fad jja }fxfagnf fxbzfhk~ kf~ hjlnad

tlj cgx`jx }xjsndjats jccgxts tg xza lns }gkntnofk xnfks gzt gc tgra5

@hjens ogatj`}t cgx tlgsj lj ogasndjxjd gc kjssjx fhnknt~ tlfa ln`sjkc

dgzhtkjss czjkkjd lns sjfxol cgx ojatxfknsjd og``fad fad ogatxgk+ lns

sjoxjo~+ fad lns stzhhgxa xjczsfk gc zasgknontjd fdnoj ,Bz`jdj 8==:9

63?-4+ 62>-9 624 dj`goxftno j|}jxnjaoj z} tg 8==

dj}zt~-}xjsndjat @hjen j|jxtjd ogasndjxfhkj nackzjaoj tlxgzblgzt

4

@HJEN FAD FCTJX


14/49

Ajksga @fadjkfs }xjsndjatnfk tjazxj5 foogxdnab tg sg`j+ lj rfs dj

cfotg }xn`j `nanstjx ,Bjnssjx 8==29 3:9 :4-3+ >>-6==+ 6?2->>+ tlj oggxdnaftjs gc _gztl Fcxnofs }xfb`ftno

hzt Tlnxd-Rgxkdnst cgxjnba }gkno~ fad nts `fxejt-gxnjatjd jogag`no

}gkno~! Tljsj xj`fna+ jssjatnfkk~+ tlj oggxdnaftjs gc tlns ogzatx~s

cgxjnba fad jogag`no }gkno~+ agtrntlstfadnab tlj Kjcts jccgxts tg stjjx

tlj ajr fd`nanstxftnga gatg f `gxj djonsnjk~ }xg-}ggx ogzxsj+ gxnadjjd @hjens gra hjkftjd ,xj.dnsogjx~ gc tlj fotnnst stftj! @hjen

fksg ljk}jd tg xfkk~+ fzb`jat fad j`}grjx f hkfoe `nddkj okfss!

Gc ogzxsj+ jja tlj }gsntnj kjbfonjs fxj @hjens gak~ z} tg f

}gnat! _g`j gc tlj` agtfhk~ tlj jogag`no fad okfss gajs dgzhtkjss

hjfx tlj n`}xjss gc stxzotzxfk cgxojs knej tlj n`}kgsnga gc tlj _gnjt

hkgo+ ajg-knhjxfk bkghfknsftnga fad zadjxk~nab sgong-jogag no slncts!

@hjen rfs+ `gxjgjx+ ignajd h~ gtljx n`}gxtfat cnbzxjs ,}jxlf}s fajatnxj afsojat jkntj. na j|jxonsnab tlj olgnojs tlft tljsj stxzotzxfk cgxojs

kjct g}ja! Nt ns+ fctjx fkk+ }xjonsjk~ tlj kjbfonjs `gst okjfxk~ stf`}jd

rntl @hjens }jxsgafk fbjao~ agtfhk~ ga FND_ tlft fxj agr hjnab

djonsnjk~ gjxtlxgra! Tlj gajs tlft jadzxj `f~ hj tlgsj @hjen

sjxjd na }fxt fs f enad gc lnstgxnofk jotgx!

Nt ns tlzs agt rntlgzt sg`j izstncnoftnga tlft tlxjj ogatxnhztgxs+

Cxnjd`fa+ Sfkj fad Dzaofa+ n`}knontk~ vzjstnga tlj cxf`nab gc tlns

ogkkjotnga fxgzad @hjen tlj `fa! Ft tlj sf`j tn`j cjr rgzkd dja~

tlft @hjen tlj `fa ljk}jd tg slf}j _gztl Fcxnofs }fxtnozkfx kgofk

xjoj}tnga gc tlj ogkkf}sj gc Og``zans` fad gc bkghfknsftnga fad nts

}fxtnozkfx xjogacnbzxftnga gc xfoj-okfss xjkftngas! @hjen rfs ag on}ljx9

agtrntlstfadnab tlj ajr xzknab jkntjs cfnkzxj tg sjozxj jogag`no }grjx

og`}fxfhkj tg nts }gkntnofk srf~+ nt bfnajd xj`fxefhk~ xf}nd ogatxgk gcf `gdjxa stftj fad+ cgx f bggd rlnkj+ nt xj`fnajd na tlj tlxfkk gc

@hjen+ ej}t tljxj h~+ f`gabst gtljx cfotgxs+ tlj ofkk gc hkfoe sgkndfxnt~+

:

@HJEN FAD LN_ KJBFO^


15/49

tlj FAOs ogkkjotnj dnson}knaj fad tlj kzxj gc j|joztnj }ftxgafbj!

Cgx fhgzt tja ~jfxs cxg` tlj `nd-6>>=s @hjen jaig~jd f `fxbna gc

xjfk }grjx tg sozk}t _gztl Fcxnofs j`jxbnab gxdjx! Tlft na tlj jad lj

kgst ogatxgk gc nt na sg `fa~ rf~s sjj ngkjat oxn`j+ |jag}lghno

}gbxg`s+ sjxnoj djknjx~ }xgtjsts+ tlj ]gkgerfaj ogacjxjaoj xjhjkknga

dgjs agt bfnasf~ tlns }gnat!

Tlns ogkkjotnga fxnsjs gzt gc f ogacjxjaoj ljkd cxg` ?=-?6 @fxol

8==> ga @hjens Kjbfo~+ lgstjd h~ tlj Dj}fxt`jat gc ]gkntnofk _tzdnjs+

Zanjxsnt~ gc tlj Rntrftjxsxfad+ ft tlj nastnbftnga gc Tfrfaf Ez}j+Djfa gc tlj Cfozkt~ gc Lz`fantnjs+ rlnol+ tgbjtljx rntl tlj _olggk gc

_gonfk _onjaojs+ ignajd gzx dj}fxt`jat na czadnab tlj jjat! @hjen rfs+

h~ tlja+ lnstgx~+ dj}gsjd cxg` tlj FAO }xjsndjao~ fad tlj }xjsndjao~

gc tlj Xj}zhkno! Djs}ntj tlns+ tlj ogacjxjaoj rfs xj`fxefhk~ rjkk

fttjadjd tlxgzblgzt fad xjojnjd tjkjnsnga fad xfdng ogjxfbj!

Gzx ndjf rfs tg gxbfansj f ogacjxjaoj tlft rfs gjxfkk oxntnofk na tgaj

nt ns tlj igh gc fofdj`nos tg hj oxntnofk hzt sg`jtlnab gtljx tlfa fafatn-@hjen }gkj`no! Rj nantjd f az`hjx gc }jg}kj rj lg}jd rgzkd

djcjad tlj @hjen xjogxd+ hzt na tlj jad gak~ _n}lf`fadkf Ygadn fad

Olxns Kfadshjxb rjxj tljxj tg olf`}nga tlj j|-}xjsndjat ,hgtl ga

cgxjnba }gkno~ nsszjs.+ fad gc tljsj gak~ Kfadshjxb fbxjjd tg ogatxnhztj

tg tlj hgge! Rj fksg na tlj s}nxnt gc tlj tn`js sgzblt f ogacjxjaoj

tlft rfs hfkfaojd na tjx`s gc xfoj fad bjadjx! Rlnkj tlxjj hkfoe Fcxnofas

gc f kfxbjx az`hjx nantjd fbxjjd tg fddxjss tlj ogacjxjaoj+ agaj olgsj

tg ogatxnhztj tg tlj hgge ,tlgzbl gtljxs gc ogkgzx lfj dgaj sg.! Gc tlj

tlxjj rg`ja s}jfejxs+ gak~ gaj fbxjjd tg }fxtnon}ftj na tlj hgge!

Ga fkk tljsj ogzats+ tljxjcgxj+ tljxj ns agtlnab hfkfaojd fhgzt tlns

ogkkjotnga+ gx jja ,bnja tlj }xjsjaoj gc Kfadshjxbs czksg`j djcjaoj

gc @hjen f`nd gtljxrnsj `zol `gxj oxntnofk olf}tjxs. fa~tlnab

}fxtnozkfxk~ ogljxjat fhgzt nt5 nt ns f }xgdzot sn`}k~ gc tlj rf~ tlnabstzxajd gzt gc rlg fbxjjd tg }xjsjat ft tlj ogacjxjaoj fad rlg fbxjjd

tg ogatxnhztj tg tlj hgge gc tlj ogacjxjaoj! Rntl Rnts Zanjxsnt~ ]xjss+

3

@HJEN FAD FCTJX


16/49

tlj Dj}fxt`jat gc ]gkntnofk _tzdnjs djondjd ajjxtljkjss tg }xjss fljfd

rntl f hgge+ jaogzxfbjd h~ nadnoftngas gc }xgs}jotnj xjfdjx natjxjst!

Tlj ogatxnhztgxs fxj fkk ogaajotjd tg tlj fofdj`no rgxkd+ fad sg`j

rjxj fksg }xg`najat }zhkno og``jatftgxs ga tlj @hjen jxf gx fotnnsts

na onnk sgonjt~ gxbfansftngas dzxnab lns tjazxj!

Tlns olf}tjx gccjxs f oxntnofk natxgdzotnga tg tlj ogkkjotnga+ kgoftnab

nts ogatxnhztngas rntlna f kfxbjx faftg`~ gc @hjen fad lns kjbfo~! Nt

ns goofsngafkk~ fxbz`jatftnj+ fad agt fkk ogatxnhztgxs rnkk fbxjj rntl

fkk tlj fxbz`jats fdj na nt5 N lg}j tlj~ rnkk j|tjad tljnx cgxhjfxfaoj+js}jonfkk~ rljxj N vznhhkj rntl }gsntngas tlj~ lfj fdg}tjd! Nts kjabtl

fad rndj ,}jxlf}s tgg rndj. xfabj lfs `fnak~ tg dg rntl tlj ajjd tg

ogjx @hjen-xjkftjd bxgzad tlft gzx `gxj s}jonfknsjd olf}tjx ogatxn-

hztgxs ogzkd agt! Tlns srjj} og`js ft f }xnoj9 agt jjx~ }gnat ofa hj

szhstfatnftjd fs tlgxgzblk~ fs rgzkd hj }gssnhkj na f gxj s}jonfknsjd

}njoj! N dg+ tlgzbl+ }xgndj sgzxojs cgx cfotzfk okfn`s tlft fxj agt

og``ga ofzsj fad ckfb h~ zsnab f}}xg}xnftjk~ vzfkncnjd kfabzfbj }xg}gsntngas tlft fxj dns}ztfhkj gx s}jozkftnj!

@HJEN9 Tlj `fa+ lns }gkntnos+ lns rgxkd-njr

Hngbxf}lnofk jssjatnfks

Tlfhg @hjen rfs hgxa na 6>48 na tlj Jfstjxa Of}j+ rljxj lj s}jat

lns olnkdlggd! Lns cftljx+ Bgfa+ hjof`j f ojkjhxftjd FAO fad

Og``zanst fotnnst+ }gkntnofk }xnsgajx fad cgzadjx gc tlj FAOs fx`jd

rnab! @hjen s}jat sn| ~jfxs na dg`jstno FAO-knaejd ~gztl }gkntnos

hjcgxj ljfdnab fhxgfd+ ga FAO nastxzotngas+ na 6>38! Na 6>33 @hjen

xjojnjd f @fstjx gc Jogag`nos djbxjj cxg` tlj Zanjxsnt~ gc _zssj|!

Ljfnk~ nagkjd na FAO rgxe na sjjxfk ogzatxnjs dzxnab lns }jxngd

gc j|nkj+ lj hjof`j }gkntnofk sjoxjtfx~ tg FAO ]xjsndjat Gknjx Tf`hgna 6>2


17/49

6>! Na tlj kftjx 6>>=s @hjen cnbzxjd }xg`najatk~

na tlj ajbgtnftngas tlft kjd tg tlj dj`goxftno ogastntztngafk sjttkj`jat

gc 6>>4! Na 6>>? lj rfs jkjotjd olfnx`fa gc tlj FAO fad na 6>>4

cnxst dj}zt~ }xjsndjat gc tlj Xj}zhkno gc _gztl Fcxnof! Tlj FAOs

@fcnejab Ogabxjss gc Djoj`hjx 6>>2 sfr @hjen jkjotjd fs FAO

}xjsndjat! Na Izaj 6>>>+ cgkkgrnab tlj FAOs sjogad jkjotnga notgx~+

lj fssz`jd gccnoj fs }xjsndjat gc _gztl Fcxnof! Lj ljkd tlj FAO

}xjsndjao~ zatnk lns gzstjx ft tlj }fxt~s ogacjxjaoj ljkd na ]gkgerfaj+

na Kn`}g}g ]gnaoj na Djoj`hjx 8==26

fad tlj }xjsndjao~ gc tljXj}zhkno zatnk lns xjsnbaftnga na _j}tj`hjx 8==

_naoj lj rfs kgab ogasndjxjd fa FAO ljnx f}}fxjat h~ nxtzj gc

hjnab tlj sga gc Bgfa @hjen fad okgsj fssgonftj gc Gknjx Tf`hg+

hgtl FAO xg~fkt~+ @hjens fsojadfao~ sjj`jd najntfhkj tg `fa~!

Jja sg+ lj rfs agt zanjxsfkk~ }g}zkfx na tlj `gj`jat! Lj naozxxjd

szs}nonga na nts fx`jd rnab ,Bjnssjx 8==29 8>?-2.+ cjkk gzt rntl

Og``zanst stfkrfxts Igj _kgg fad Olxns Lfan fad cgzad ln`sjkc+ natlj 6>>=s+ olfkkjabjd cgx }xj-j`najaoj h~+ f`gab gtljxs+ cgx`jx txfdj

zanganst O~xnk Xf`f}lgsf! Fdxgnt na sndjknanab f stxnab gc }gtjatnfk xnfks

lj cnafkk~ cjkk }xj~+ }gkntnofkk~+ tg tlj ogfkntnga tlft bftljxjd fxgzad gaj-

tn`j @hjen `fa fad cgx`jx FAO natjkknbjaoj olnjc Ifogh Yz`f!

@hjens fsojadfao~ rfs na ejj}nab rntl tlj }xg`najat xgkj na tlj

FAO gc fotnnsts cxg` tlj Jfstjxa Of}j+ tlj fxjf na rlnol Hfatz-s}jfejxs

cnxst ogkkndjd rntl rlntj sjttkjxs na tlj 6tl-

ojatzx~ xjczbjjs cxg` Aftfk dns}jxsjd h~ natxf-Fcxnofa rfxs! Tlj Cnabg

stggd gzt fs Olxnstnfansjd fad `gdjxansnab gztsndjxs f`gabst tlj \lgsf

fad+ nadjjd+ rjxj nantnfkk~ }jxojnjd fs ogkkfhgxftgxs rntl tlj Hxntnsl5 hzt

tlns bxgz} dzk~ j|}jxnjaojd tlj hnttjx tfstj gc rlntj }grjx+ na tlj @hjen

cf`nk~s ofsj na tlj cgx` gc dgrarfxd sgonfk `ghnknt~ cxg` fa jfxknjxajfx-bjatx~ stftzs! @hjen rfs ,vznjtk~. foozsjd gc }foenab lns Ofhnajt

fad dnxjotgx-bjajxfk }gsts rntl \lgsfs ,Iglasga 8==>9 ::2.!

>=s+ og`}jtjd cgx nackzjaoj rntl tlj Xghhja

Nskfadjxs fad tlj naynkjs jtjxfas gc tlj Zantjd Dj`goxftno Cxgat+

tlj Ogabxjss gc _gztl Fcxnofa Txfdj Zangas fad gtljx dg`jstno

cgx`ftngas fotnj nasndj _gztl Fcxnof dzxnab tlj z}xnsnabs gc tlj 6>


19/49

sjxjd fa ndjgkgbnofk rgxkd-njr+ gaj tlft nackzjaojd hgtl lns bgfks

fad `jtlgds! Tlft rgxkd-njr olfabjd na }fttjxa fad lzj gjx tn`j+

hzt nt xjtfnajd sg`j n`}gxtfat slf}nab jkj`jats!

Tlzs @fx|ns`-Kjanans` xj`fnajd nsnhkj+ jja fs tlj sgonfkns`

ojfsjd tg hj! @hjen rfs hxgzblt z} na f og``zanst cf`nk~5 fa _FO]

`j`hjx cxg` jfxk~ 6>36 gx 6>38 zatnk 6>>= ,Bjnssjx 8==29 642=+ xjojnjd ndjgkgbnofk fad

`nkntfx~ txfnanab na @gsogr na 6>3>-26 fad+ cgx f rlnkj+ rfs bxgg`jd

fs f cztzxj _FO] kjfdjx! @-K rfs nsnhkj `gst ghngzsk~ na @hjensfabzfxdnst f}}xgfol tg }gkntnos fad bgjxafaoj+ rlnol fxj ogasndjxjd

na `gxj djtfnk hjkgr! Nt rfs `zol kjss jndjat na lns `fxejt-cxnjadk~

jogag`nos! Nxganofkk~+ tlgzbl+ @fx|ns`-Kjanans` ljk}jd @hjen tg

izstnc~ lns foog``gdftnga gc of}ntfknst bkghfknsftnga fad lns og``nt-

`jat tg cgstjxnab f hkfoe }ftxngtno hgzxbjgnsnj ,Bjnssjx 8==29 438-45

Iglasga 8==>9 2>.! Tlj og``zanst trg-stfbj tljgx~ gc xjgkztnga

j|}kfnajd tlj }xngxnt~ gc aftngafk dj`goxfo~ gjx sgonfkns` fad+ogxxjs}gadnabk~+ rl~ tlj FAO slgzkd xj`fna f aftngafknst xftljx tlfa

hjog`j f sgonfknst gxbfansftnga!? _onjatncno @fx|ns` stxjssjd tgg+ rntl

@hjen+ tlj n`}gxtfaoj gc ghijotnjk~ fafk~snab tlj hfkfaoj gc okfss

cgxojs na djtjx`nanab rlft rfs }gssnhkj ft f bnja ogaizaotzxj5 Kjana+

na }fxtnozkfx+ gccjxjd @hjen f gofhzkfx~ cgx fttfoenab zktxf-kjctns`

,fa nacfatnkj dnsgxdjx+ foogxdnab tg Kjana.! Ljxj rfs @fx|ns`-

Kjanans` fs }jx tlj Kjana _olggk+ hzt j`}tnjd gc nts sgonfknst ogatjat!

@hjens gtljx ndjgkgbnofk stxfad ns xfdnofk fatn-ogkganfk aftngafkns`!

Na lns ofsj tlns fancjstjd ntsjkc na }fa-Fcxnofans` fad+ gxj bjajxfkk~+

na f xfonfknsjd Tlnxd-Rgxkdns`! @hjen nasnstjatk~ fttxnhztjd Fcxnofs

cfnknabs tg Jzxg}jfa ogkganfkns`+ gccjxjd sgkndfxnt~ tg kjfdjxs na tlj

_gztl zadjx fttfoe cxg` tlj Rjst fad txnjd tg kfzaol fa Fcxnof-rndj

Xjafnssfaoj! Cgx sg`j kjctnst oxntnos ,j!b!+ ]ftxnoe Hgad U8==4P.@hjens }fa-Fcxnofa+ Tlnxd-Rgxkdnst fad fatn-n`}jxnfknst }gsntnganab

rfs sn`}k~ lns rf~ gc tfkenab kjct rlnkj rfkenab xnblt+ js}jonfkk~

6=

@HJEN FAD FCTJX


20/49

jogag`nofkk~! Ojxtfnak~+ @hjen slgrjd knttkj natjxjst na tlj stftnst

sgonfkns` fad }xj-of}ntfknst og``zafkns` }zatjd h~ jfxknjx bjajx-

ftngas gc kjctnst Fcxnofa aftngafknsts! Hzt cjr rlg lfj }jxzsjd @hjens

gaknaj soxjjds+ gx rlg lfj txnjd tg `fej sjasj gc lns fotngas fad

snkjaojs+ ofa dgzht tlft lj ljkd lns fatn-ogkganfknst stfaoj rntl f snaojxj

hnttjxajss! Nt ns f `jxnt gc Kfadshjxbs j|jbjsns tlft lj tfejs @hjens

cgxjnba-}gkno~ ndjfkns` sjxngzsk~! Rlftjjx gaj tlnaes gc Kfadshjxbs

djcjaoj gc @hjens cgxjnba }gkno~+ nt }xgojjds cxg` f ogxxjot }xj`nsj+

tlft @hjen }gssjssjd fad fotjd ga f rgxkd-njr+ gaj tlft ignajdxjfkns` tg f }gkntnos gc Tlnxd-Rgxkdns` fad xfonfk xjdxjss! Rlnkj Sfkj

ns `gxj ,}xg}jxk~+ na `~ njr. oxntnofk gc @hjen-jxf cgxjnba }gkno~+ lj

ns fxbzfhk~ tgg vznoe tg xjdzoj nt tg ajg-knhjxfk fad xjfknst ofkozkftngas!

Nc lz`fa xnblts of`j sjogad na @hjens cgxjnba }gkno~ tlns rfs

}xghfhk~ dzj fs `zol tg tlj cgx`jx }xjsndjats ndjfknstno agtngas gc

xfonfk fad _gztl-_gztl sgkndfxnt~ fs nt rfs tg ofkozkftngas gc _gztl

Fcxnofs natjxjsts+ jogag`nofkk~ ogaojnjd gx gtljxrnsj!Tlj }xg`najaoj gc xfoj na @hjens rgxkd-njr xjvznxjs s}jonfk

fttjatnga! Tlj }zyykj+ cgx `fa~ ghsjxjxs+ kf~ na lns f}}fxjat `jtf`gx-

}lgsns cxg` fccfhkj Fabkg}lnkj natg }xnoek~ xfonfk aftngafknst! Snsnhkj fs

f snbancnofat ogaojxa fkxjfd~ dzxnab lns dj}zt~-}xjsndjao~+ xfoj hjof`j

f ojatxfk `gtnc gc @hjens }xjsndjao~! Na fxngzs rf~s fad cgxz`s lj

of`j tg olf`}nga f rgxkd-njr foogxdnab tg rlnol rlntjs ft lg`j fad

na tlj Agxtl rjxj agr+ fs jjx+ djtjx`najd tg j|}kgnt fad djbxfdj

Fcxnofas tg n`}gjxnsl tlj`5 zsj tlj` fs cgddjx na `jdnofk j|}jxn-

`jats5 stjxjgt~}j tlj` fs ngkjat+ jafk fad kzstczk5 n`}gsj z}ga tlj`

ljfxtkjss Rjstjxa fkzjs fad tg }xgj tlj~ rjxj naof}fhkj gc sjkc-bgjxa-

`jat! Fcxnofas f}}jfxjd na lns foogzat fs f rfx` fad og``zafk }jg}kj+

rxgabjd h~ Rjstjxa jnkdgjxs+ ogkkjotnjk~ gxfkk~ }xnstnaj }xngx tg tljnx

ogxxz}tnga h~ rlntj ngkjaoj fad ftjxnfkns`+ fad stnkk jx~ zol notn`s!Rl~ tlns f}}fxjat xfonfk tzxa7 Nt ns }xg}jx tg foeagrkjdbj gaj

knejk~ stn`zkfat tg nt9 tlj cfot tlft+ ~jfxs fctjx 6>>4+ rlntjs na _gztl

66



21/49

Fcxnof xj`fna dns}xg}gxtngaftjk~ jogag`nofkk~ }grjxczk+ `ftjxnfkk~

}xnnkjbjd fad na f bggd `fa~ ofsjs zaxjogaonkjd tg hkfoe xzkj!

Tljxj ns fksg tlj cfot tlft+ cgx fkk nts }gst-6>:= aga-xfonfkns`+ tlj FAO

ajjx fhfadgajd nts og``nt`jat tg tlj knhjxftnga gc hkfoes na bjajxfk

fad Fcxnofas na }fxtnozkfx!

Hzt tljxj f}}jfxs tg hj gxj ft rgxe tlfa tljsj cfots na @hjens gra

txfas`gbxncnoftnga natg xfonfk aftngafknst! Nt agr sjj`s knejk~ tlft lj

rfs ajjx tlj stxfnbltcgxrfxdk~ rjstjxansjd aga-xfonfknst sg`j rlntjs

n`fbnajd tlj~ sfr na tlj 6>>4 dn}kg`ftno xgkj f~lfj xjvznxjd ln` tg gjx}kf~ lns Rjstjxa sndj jja fs+ narfxdk~+ lj cjkt

f }grjxczk zxbj tg xjokfn` lns Fcxnofaajss ,Bjnssjx 8==29 :24-:.!

Tlj s}knt na @hjens }jxsgaf hjtrjja ogs`g}gkntfans` fad xjtzxa-

tg-tlj-sgzxoj ~jfxanab f~ gxnbnaftj+ gx sg Bjnssjxs hngbxf}l~ n`}knjs+

na tlj f`hnbzntnjs gc tlj jdzoftjd fad xjkftnjk~ rjkk-gcc @hjen cf`nk~s

nasndjx-gztsndjx stftzs f`gabst tlj xjd \lgsf ,8==29 4>-:8.! Dzxnab

lns 6>3=s Hxntnsl j|nkj @hjen jabfbjd f}}xjonftnjk~ rntl tlj ndjfs gcR J H dz Hgns+ @fxozs Bfxj~+ Fn` Osfnxj+ Kjg}gkd _jablgx+ Cxfaty

Cfaga fad @fkogk` \ fad jstfhknsljd knaes rntl Hkfoe Ogasongzsajss

fotnnsts! Kftjx lj cjkk gzt s}jotfozkfxk~ rntl lns gaj-tn`j `jatgx+ tlj

rlntj xjgkztngafx~ Igj _kgg ,Bjnssjx 8==29 88=+ ?64-82+ ?-

2=.! @hjen cgxbjd f tfont fkknfaoj rntl Fcxnofansts dzxnab lns 6>>=s

xnfkx~ rntl tlj aga-xfonfk kjct fad naynkjs fad xjsjatjd rlntj sz}}gxt

cgx O~xnk Xf`f}lgsfs kjfdjxsln} f`hntngas ,Bz`jdj 8==:9 ?>5

Bjnssjx 8==29 3=4-6=+ 3?>-42.! Fs ]xjsndjat+ @hjen rfs jfbjx tg

jsof}j tlj slfdgr gc tlj nogano @fadjkf+ rlg` lj }xnftjk~ foozsjd

gc agt dgnab jagzbl tg ljk} hkfoes ,Bz`jdj 8==:9 :?-25 Bjnssjx 8==29

2=2-68.! Lj cgzad na rlntj xfons` f xjfsszxnab j|}kfaftnga cgx

}ljag`jaf lj cgzad dnsogaojxtnab+ agtfhk~ tlj `jdnofk-sonjatncno okfn`

tlft Fcxnofas rjxj notn`s gc f kjtlfk dnsjfsj sj|zfkk~ txfas`nttjd rntlnatljnx xfaes fad tlj oxntnons` tg rlnol lj rfs szhijotjd gjx lns }gknonjs

ga FND_+ Yn`hfhrj fad tlj fx`s djfk! Tg tljsj cfotgxs xjnacgxonab lns

68

@HJEN FAD FCTJX


22/49

6?

xfoj ogasongzsajss `zst hj fddjd lns fkknfaoj rntl jkj`jats gc f xnsnab

hkfoe `nddkj okfss jfbjx tg dns}kfoj okfss-stxzbbkj xljtgxno rntl f `gxj

ogabjanfk xljtgxno gc xfonfk og`}jtntnga!

Bgjxanab st~kj

@hjen rfs tlj jkjotjd kjfdjx gc f dj`goxftno stftj+ gaj tlft lfs ,ft kjfst

zatnk tlj fdjat gc xjojatk~ }xg}gsjd `jdnf xjstxnotngas. hjja f`gabst

tlj `gxj }kfzsnhkj Fcxnofa j|j`}kfxs gc Lzatnabtgas tlnxd rfj gc

Dj`goxftnsftnga ,Lzatnabtga 6>>6.! Hzt tg lns `fa~ oxntnos Dj}zt~]xjsndjat+ kftjx ]xjsndjat @hjen f}}jfxjd tg hj fa fztlgxntfxnfa cnbzxj

txf}}jd ,og`cgxtfhk~ lgzsjd+ sg`j kjctnsts `nblt ogatjad. na f knhjxfk-

dj`goxftno ,gx hgzxbjgns. nastntztngafk sljkk! Lj }jxsgancnjd na tljsj

oxntnos j~js f }gkntnos gc ojatxfknsftnga+ }fxfagnf+ fjxsnga tg oxntnons`

fad nadnccjxjaoj tg tlj }fna gc lns cjkkgr ontnyjas! @hjen+ cxg` 6>>4+ kjd

f ojatxfknsnab txjad jndjat na+ f`gab gtljx `gjs+ tlj lnbl-lfadjd

n`}gsntnga gc tlj Bxgrtl+ J`}kg~`jat fad Xjdnstxnhztnga ,BJFX.jogag`no stxftjb~ na 6>>3+ tlj tg}-dgra dj}kg~`jat gc ofdxjs tg FAO-

ogatxgkkjd }xgnaojs fad `zanon}fkntnjs cxg` 6>>2 fad tlj oxjftnga gc f

sz}jx }xjsndjao~ cxg` 6>>>! Lns fztlgxntfxnfans` cgzad j|}xjssnga na

hxgfdsndjs fbfnast xjfk gx n`fbnajd oxntnos+ djknjxjd ft Txn}fxtntj Fkknfaoj

gxbfansftnga ogacjxjaojs gx na lns gaknaj ogkz`a+ fad dnxjotjd sg`jtn`js

ft nadnndzfk ontnyjas5 fad fksg na }kgttnab+ sg`j gc nt nagknab tlj stftj

sjozxnt~ f}}fxftzs+ tg sndjknaj }jxojnjd xnfks! @hjen tfkejd fad+ `gxj

goofsngafkk~+ fotjd na rf~s tlft sjj`jd tlxjftjanab tg fa~ na tlj `jdnf+

izdnonfx~+ g}}gsntnga }fxtnjs fad gxbfansjd onnk sgonjt~!

]fxt gc tlj j|}kfaftnga cgx @hjens zadj`goxftno rf~s szxjk~ knjs na

lns ndjgkgbnofk knajfbj! @fx|ns`-Kjanans` fad xfdnofk aftngafkns` }zkkjd

ln`+ fad tlj FAO+ tgrfxds fztlgxntfxnfans`! Tlj `gdjk }xgccjxjd h~

jfxknjx @fx|nst-kjd fatn-ogkganfk `gj`jats kjbntn`ftjd f ogaoj}tnga gctlj FAO fs tlj j`hgdn`jat gc f xjgkztngafx~ nssnga fad }jg}kj! Hgtl

ndjgkgbnjs jaogzxfbjd f dnstxzst gc }gkntnofk }kzxfkns`+ cgx`fk dj`goxfo~



23/49

fad tlj ndjf gc f ajztxfk gx aga-}fxtnsfa stftj+ cfgzxnab+ na nts stjfd+ f

zantfx~ fad }zx}gsnj ogaoj}tnga gc tlj stftj+ gaj tlft kggejd tg naokzsnj

`fss `ghnknsftnga hjlnad f slfxjd lnstgxnofk tfse xftljx tlfa tg g}ja-

jadjd ogatjstftnga f`gabst og`}jtnab sgonjtfk }xgijots!

Kjanans` fad kjct-nackjotjd aftngafkns` ignatk~ sz}}knjd f gofhzkfx~

cgx tfxxnab oxntnos ,hkfoe+ rlntj+ kjct+ xnblt. fs xjfotngafxnjs+ ogzatjx-

xjgkztngafxnjs fad fbjats! ,Rj oftol fa jfxk~ bkn`}sj gc @hjens

njr gc dnssjat na lns jatlzsnfstno jadgxsj`jat gc tlj _gnjt oxzslnab

gc tlj ]xfbzj _}xnab na 6>3< UBjnssjx 8==29 6>=s+ hzt lns Kjanans` fad xfdnofk aftngafkns` szxjk~ ljk}

tg j|}kfna tlj enad gc offknjx fttntzdj tg ogastntztngafkns` tlft tlj

Ofkkfad fad Lj~rggd olf}tjxs slgr na djtfnk tg olfxfotjxnsj tlj

cgx`jx }xjsndjats tjazxj!

Lgr `zol tlns `fttjxs dj}jads+ na }fxt+ ga rljxj gaj ns og`nab

cxg`! Lzdsgas tljgxjtnofk ogatxnhztnga xfnsjs }xggoftnj vzjstngas

fhgzt tlj f}}xg}xnftjajss gc f stfadfxd knhjxfk ~fxdstnoe cgx jfszxnab

@hjens xjogxd! Lzdsgas lg}j ns najstjd na tlj }gssnhnknt~ gc `gxj

xfdnofkk~ txfascgx`ftnj `jtxnos! Cgx tlns jdntgx ft kjfst+ tlj okjfx

n`}knoftnga gc Dzaofas fad Lj~rggds ogatxnhztngas ns tlft xj}xjssnj

,gx nkknhjxfk. fs}jots gc tlj @hjen bgjxa`jat rjxj fs knejk~ tg hj

dnxjotjd ft xfdnofkk~ txfascgx`ftnj oxntnos gc FAO xzkj fs tlj~ rjxj

ft xjfotngafx~ gajs! Knhjxfk-dj`goxftno fkzjs fad nastntztngas }xgtjot}xgbxjssnj fs rjkk fs ogasjxftnj cgxojs! Lzdsga og`}kfnas tlft sg`j

sgonfknsts rlg nasnst+ stnkk+ ga tlj }gssnhnknt~ gc fktjxaftnj jogag`no

64

@HJEN FAD FCTJX


24/49

s~stj`s }xgojjd fs tlgzbl tljxj ns ag fktjxaftnj tg knhjxfk dj`goxfo~

fs f }gkntnofk s~stj`! Fa fktjxaftnj tfej ns tlft knhjxfk dj`goxfo~ ns

}xjonsjk~ tlj af`j gc tlj }gkntnofk s~stj` tlft }jx`nts+ ft kjfst na }xna-

on}kj+ f }zhkno olgnoj hjtrjja xnfk jogag`no }xgbxf``js! Tljsj

olgnojs fxj szhijot+ zadjx knhjxfk dj`goxfo~+ tg ogastntztngafk oljoes

fad tg tlj jjx-}xjsjat }gssnhnknt~ gc xjjxsfk h~ cztzxj }zhknos+ jkjo-

tgxfkk~ xjogajajd! Hzt lgr jksj rgzkd Lzdsga lfj nt7 Agx ajjd tlj

olgnojs cfgzx sjkc-natjxjstjd nadnndzfkns` gx ogacgzad txfas-

cgx`ftnj bgfks+ fs Lzdsga n`}knjs5 _gztl Fcxnofs knhjxfk-dj`goxftnoOgastntztnga }jx`nts f ogasndjxfhkj kjjrf~ cgx sgonfk-dj`goxftno

j|}jxn`jatftnga5 nadjjd nt `fadftjs sg`j!

Gaj gct-ljfxd izstncnoftnga gc @hjen-st~kj ojatxfknsftnga rfs tlft nt

rfs ajojssfx~ tg tlj xftngafk bgjxafaoj gc f sg`jtn`js olfgtno }gknt~

fad sgonjt~ ,sjj+ j!b!+ Bjnssjx 8==29 263.! Ojatxfknsjd j|joztnj kjfdjx-

sln} ns njrjd h~ szol djcjadjxs fs f }xjogadntnga cgx djknjx~ na tlj

cfoj gc naog`}jtjat gx ogxxz}t kgrjx tnjxs gc stftj+ ogacknotnab izxns-dnotngas fad hzxjfzoxftno xjsnstfaoj! Tlns knaj gc fxbz`jat+ na tzxa+ jknonts

tlj okfn`+ xjntjxftjd na tlns gkz`j h~ Cxnjd`fa+ tlft @hjens FAO

n`}gsjd f tjolagoxfo~ ga _gztl Fcxnof! Cxnjd`fa natxnbznabk~ knaes nts

tjolagoxftno st~kj tg tlj ajr jkntjs xfonfk nasjozxntnjs5 cgx ln`+ nt nsszjd

cxg` f ogkkjotnj fa|njt~ tg }xgj tg rlntjs tlft hkfoes rjxj of}fhkj gc

bggd bgjxafaoj! Tlns fttj`}t tg f}}jfsj xfonst rlntjs rfs fa jxxgx+

foogxdnab tg Cxnjd`fa+ og``nttnab tlj FAO tg f }ftl gc lnbl-lfadjd

`fafbjxnfkns`+ sz}}xjssnga gc kjbntn`ftj ndjgkgbnofk djhftj fad tlj

n`}gsntnga gc jkntnst agx`s gc j|ojkkjaoj fad gxdjx! Tljxj rfs okjfxk~ f

tjolagoxftno fs}jot tg+ sf~+ tlj @hjen-jxf ,6>>4-8==


25/49

bgnab tg xj}jft tlj `nstfejs gc Fcxnof+ `nstfejs tlft lj }jxojnjd tg

naokzdj jogag`no }g}zkns` fad stftj `ns`fafbj`jat!

_tnkk+ tljxj fxj bxgzads tg vznhhkj rntl tlj tjolagoxfo~ tljsns na nts

zafkkg~jdcgx`+ rntl nts n`}knoftnga gc og``nt`jat tg nastxz`jatfk

xftngafknt~+ xzkj h~ j|}jxts fad fhgj-tlj-cxf~ ghijotnnt~! Nt zadjx-

jstn`ftjs+ szxjk~+ tlj oxgssozttnab n`}jxftnjs gc xfoj-hfsjd xjoxznt`jat+

FAO }fxtnsfasln} fad }jxsgafk kg~fkt~ xzaanab tlxgzbl tlj xzkj gc

@hjen fad lns szhgxdnaftjs! Tljsj fxj agt `jxntgoxftno n`}jxftnjs!

Fad nc FAO xzkj zadjx @hjen rfs tjolagoxftno+ tlja nt fxbzfhk~ cfnkjd+jja ga nts gra tjx`s cgx @hjen }xjsndjd gjx tlj djtjxngxftnga gc

lgs}ntfk fad jdzoftngafk sjxnojs+ jajxb~ }xgnsnga+ nacxfstxzotzxj fad

gtljx bggds tlft tjolagoxfts `nblt hj sz}}gsjd tg hj bggd ft

djknjxnab! Cxnjd`fas xjfd~ sgkztnga tg tlns kfttjx }zyykj ns tg fxbzj

tlft tlj FAO sjt ntsjkc z} cgx cfnkzxj9 nastjfd gc dxfrnab ga nts

stxjabtls fs f }g}zkfx `gj`jat ,nt rgzkd hj zsjczk tg lfj tljsj

djtfnkjd.+ nt j`hfxejd ga fa jkntnst fad tjolagoxftno ogzxsj tlft ntkfoejd tlj of}font~ tg sjj tlxgzbl! @~ gra naoknaftnga ns tg tlnae gc

@hjen-ns` fs tgxa hjtrjja tjolagoxftno fad aftngafknst dgb`fs+ hzt

Cxnjd`fa ojxtfnak~ }gsnts f }grjxczk fktjxaftnj tg tlj `fnastxjf`

tljsns tlft tlj FAO szccjxjd cxg` tgg knttkj+ xftljx tlfa tgg `zol+

ogaojxa rntl tjolanofk og`}jtjaoj!

Ga tlj nsszj gc stftj ,na.of}font~+ `gxj kftjx!

Ogaoj}tnga gc tlj xjkftngasln} hjtrjja eagrkjdbj fad }grjx

@hjen rfs og``gak~ olfxbjd rntl hjnab f djanfknst+ fad tlns olfxbj

tgzoljs ga fa fs}jot gc @hjen-ns` tlft xjojnjs naszccnonjat fttjatnga9

lns }jozknfx ogaoj}tnga gc tlj xjkftngasln} hjtrjja eagrkjdbj+

dnsogzxsj fad }grjx! Djanfk ofa `jfa f az`hjx gc tlnabs9 f xjczsfk

tg fd`nt tlft sg`jtlnab ns sg5 f xjkzotfaoj tg ogacxgat gx fddxjss fafoeagrkjdbjd xjfknt~5 f ogbantnj szhgxdnaftnga gc ns tg gzblt ,fs

na+ tlns ofaagt hj txzj hjofzsj nt gzblt agt tg hj.5 f hjknjc tlft xjfknt~

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@HJEN FAD FCTJX


26/49

ofa hj fktjxjd h~ fssjxtnga+ gx h~ df`anab tlgsj hjfxnab hfd ajrs!

Fkk gc tljsj `jfanabs cgzad j|}xjssnga+ N rgzkd fxbzj+ na @hjens

djanfkns`! @jdnofk gxtlgdg|~ ga FND_ gzblt agt tg lfj hjja txzj

hjofzsj na @hjens xjfdnab nt ogacnx`jd stjxjgt~}js fad hkf`jd

notn`s tljxjcgxj ogzkd agt hj! Nc tlj gxtlgdg|~ ogzkd agt hj txzj+

nts hjfxjxs `zst hj `fknongzs9 na tlns ofsj+ fbjats gc f ogkganfknst

dnsogzxsj gc `jdnofk-sonjatncno dg`naftnga! Nc tlj gxtlgdg|~ sjxjs

ogkganfknst dg`naftnga+ nt ns }xg}jx nadjjd+ f xjgkztngafx~ xjvznxj-

`jat tg ogzatjx nt+ rljtljx tlxgzbl }fssnj-fbbxjssnj snkjaoj+tj|tzfk xjsnstfaoj ,fs na gaknaj }gkj`nos. gx h~ dnjxtnab tlj xjsgzxojs

gc stftj tg djfknab rntl gtljx sgonfk fkfdnjs tlft ofa hj gxj }kfzsnhk~

fttxnhztjd tg Rjstjxa ogkganfkns` fad tlj }gjxt~ nt s}frajd! _n`nkfx

tlgzblt }fttjxas fxj djtjotfhkj na @hjens f}}xgfoljs tg tg}nos knej

oxn`j+ Yn`hfhrj fad |jag}lghnf!

_gztl Fcxnofas ,fad Yn`hfhrjfas. }fnd f tjxxnhkj }xnoj cgx tlns

j}nstj`gkgb~! Tlj `gst jbxjbngzs rfs na knjs+ hzt f hjknjc tlftslggtnab `jssjabjxs fktjxs xjfknt~ fksg }gsjs f dnxjot tlxjft tg `jdnf

cxjjdg`! Tlns tlxjft sjj`jd tg `ftjxnfknsj na 8===+ rlja tlj _gztl

Fcxnofa Lz`fa Xnblts Og``nssnga ,_FLXO. kfzaoljd fa navznx~

natg `jdnf xfons`+ gaj tlft hxfadjd fs xfonst ,fad }xjsz`fhk~

tljxjcgxj fs zatxzj. fkk oxntnons`s gc tlj FAO bgjxa`jat tlft stggd

tg xjnacgxoj xfonfk stjxjgt~}js! Tlft navznx~ fksg hgxj tjstn`ga~ tg tlj

og``nssngas hjknjc na tlj goozkt }grjx gc tlj tj|tzfk fad szh-tj|tzfk+

f }grjx tlft nt }xjsz`jd tg slf}j fad sz}jxsjdj tlj ghijotnj cfots gc

fa~ bnja `fttjx! Oxntnvzjs gc tlj FAO ajjdjd tg hj fddxjssjd+ agt

h~ olfabnab tlj j|tjxafk xjfknt~ xjcjxxjd tg h~ jdnf oxntnos agt+ tlft

ns tg sf~+ h~ fotnab tg fej bgjxa`jat kjss ogxxz}t+ bxjjd~ gx naog`-

}jtjat hzt h~ }xgnab tlj szhkn`nafkk~ xfonst aftzxj gc oxntnofk tj|ts

,Bkfsjx 8===.! Tlj navznx~ rfs kjd h~ tlja _FLXO olfnx}jxsgaHfxaj~ ]nt~faf fad f rlntj xjsjfxoljx+ hzt nt ogaj~jd na jjx~ djtfnk

tlj s}nxnt gc @hjen-ns`!4

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27/49

Nt ns agt okjfx rl~ @hjen fdg}tjd tlns rf~ gc tlnaenab+ hzt

}kfzsnhkj ofadndftjs naokzdj lns natjkkjotzfk }xndj fad lns `fssnj

}jxsgafk najst`jat na lns ndjfs! Hjxjct gc f cf`nk~ gx }xnftj

lnatjxkfad+ @hjen szhkn`ftjUdP fkk j`gtngas+ fkk xjkftngasln}s+ fkk

djsnxjs+ natg tlj stxzbbkj cgx knhjxftnga ,Bjnssjx 8==29 ||n|.! Tlj

rxgabajss gc lns xjgkztngafx~ ndjfs+ gaj `f~ szx`nsj+ stggd tg

faanlnkftj ln`! Fad tlj }xnaon}fk ndjf na rlnol lj rfs najstjd rfs+

fbfna foogxdnab tg Bjnssjx ,8==29 |||nn+ ?88-83.+ tlj ndjf tlft hkfoe

}jg}kj slgzkd djtjx`naj tljnx gra knjs fad ndjatnt~! Hkfoes slgzkdjsof}j tlj bfyj gc tlj Rjst! Tlj~ slgzkd+ rntl Cfaga fad _tjj Hneg+

izdbj tlj`sjkjs h~ tljnx gra knblts! Nt ns agt fa~ stj}s cxg` ljxj tg

tlj oganotnga tlft Fcxnofas+ gx ft fa~ xftj tlgsj rlg lfd fttfnajd

}s~olgkgbnofk sjkc-j`faon}ftnga+ slgzkd xjdjcnaj xjfknt~ ga tljnx gra

tjx`s! @hjen f}}jfxjd tg njr tlns tfse gc hkfoe sjkc-djcnantnga+ fad

xjfknt~ xjdjcnantnga+ fs f oxzonfk fs}jot gc lns xgkj fs }lnkgsg}ljx-enab

gc _gztl Fcxnofs txfasntnga! Ojxtfna cfslngafhkj ndjfs+ `gstk~ dxfracxg` tlj dnsozxsnj zanjxsj gc }gst-sgonfknst ozktzxfk xfdnofkns` fatn-

sonjatns`+ Cgzofzkdnfa }xjgooz}ftnga rntl tlj eagrkjdbj'}grjx

aj|zs+ Fcxgojatxns`+ }gst-ogkganfknst tljgx~ }xghfhk~ ljk}jd tg

slf}j fa natjkkjotzfk okn`ftj na rlnol @hjen ogzkd hjknjj tlj tlnabs

lj dnd rntl fztlgxnt~ fad ogacndjaoj! Tlj txjadnajss gc szol ndjfs

bzfxfatjjd ln` ft kjfst f s`fkk ozkt cgkkgrnab ,sjj+ j!b!+ Xgafkd _zxjsl

Xghjxts+ Fatlga~ Hxnae+ Olxnstnaj Vzatf.!

AFXXFTNSJ_ GC _ZOOJ__ FAD CFNKZXJ

Lgr gaj xftjs @hjen gjxfkk ns+ na tlns fs na `fa~ `fttjxs+ nasj}fxfhkj

cxg` gajs fkzjs fad fccnknftngas! @hjen rga }xfnsj na trg enads gc

onxokjs! Na tlj 6>>=s fad natg tlj 8===s+ lj jknontjd rndjs}xjfdfd`nxftnga f`gabst xj}xjsjatftnjs gc hzsnajss fad rlntj sgonjt~ cgx tlj

enad gc }jxsgaf lj }xgijotjd tg tlj`+ snaojxjk~ gx gtljxrnsj9 tlj }jxsgaf

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29/49

kgabjx lfs nts dxnjx ft tlj tg}! @fa~ ej~ hkfoe-aftngafknst cnbzxjs sfr

tljnx ofxjjxs jokn}sjd rntl tlft gc @hjen!

@hjens `gst }jxsnstjat ndjgkgbnofk oxntnos of`j cxg` tlj Kjct+ hgtl

nasndj tlj xzknab Txn}fxtntj Fkknfaoj rntlna rlnol tlj _FO] fad tlj

Ogabxjss gc _gztl Fcxnofa Txfdj Zangas ,Ogsftz. of`j tg cjjk

naoxjfsnabk~ fxbnafknsjd fad cxg` tlj onnk-sgonjt~ fad cfx kjct hj~gad!

Fkk tljsj oxntnos ljkd @hjen xjs}gasnhkj cgx rlft tlj~ }jxojnjd+ rntl

sg`j izstncnoftnga+ tg hj f djonsnj slnct tg tlj xnblt ga jogag`no }gkno~

na 6>>3! Tlj Kjct ogz}kjd tlj oxntnvzj gc @hjen-ntj ajg-knhjxfkns` rntltlj olfxbj tlft @hjen n`}gsjd tlns }gkno~ olfabj h~ cnft! G}}gsntnga tg

ajg-knhjxfkns` s}frajd f rlgkj fxxf~ gc kjctnst sgonfk `gj`jat

gxbfansftngas cxg` tlj jad gc tlj 6>>=s+ gaj tlft dgjtfnkjd rntl tlj

natjxaftngafk fatn-of}ntfknst gx fatn-bkghfknsftnga `gj`jat! Tlj `gst

szoojssczk gc tlj kjct-fotnnst sgonfk `gj`jat gxbfansftngas+ tlj Txjft-

`jat Fotnga Of`}fnba+ lfd+ gc ogzxsj+ nts gra }xjgooz}ftnga9 @hjens

djanfk gc kncj-sfnab txjft`jat tg `nkkngas gc LNS'FND_ szccjxjxs!Tljxj fksg ox~stfkknsjd f stxfad gc xghzst knhjxfk oxntnons` gc @hjen

fad lns bgjxa`jat! Tlj rlntj-kjd Dj`goxftno Fkknfaoj ,DF. cgx`jd

gaj ojatxj cgx tlns oxntnvzj5 `jdnf og``jatftgxs+ `fa~ gc tlj` hkfoe+

tlj gtljx! Tljsj nastntztngas fad fotgxs cgx`jd f enad gc knhjxfk }zhkno

g}nanga tlft rfs djtjx`najd tg szhijot tlj bgjxa`jat tg f kjjk gc

soxztna~ fad+ na tlj ofsj gc tlj DF+ tg f Rjst`nastjx-st~kj fdjxsfxnfk

g}}gsntnga tlft `fa~ na tlj FAO fad bgjxa`jat f}}jfxjd tg

ogasndjx ozktzxfkk~ dnsxjs}jotczk fad xfonfkk~ nasjasntnj!

Xj}xjsjatnab f s}jotxz` tlft stxjtoljd cxg` xnbltrnab knhjxfk

gxbfansftngas knej tlj Ljkja _zy`fa Cgzadftnga tlxgzbl tg knhjxfk-

kjct ABGs knej tlj Nastntztj cgx Dj`goxfo~ na Fcxnof ,Ndfsf.+ tlj

hjfxjxs gc knhjxfk }zhkno g}nanga kf`hfstjd tlj @hjen bgjxa`jat cgx+

f`gab gtljx snas+ nts xjxfonfknsftnga gc _gztl Fcxnof+ oxga~ns` fadnaon}njat fztlgxntfxnfans`! Tlgzbl @hjen `gxj gx kjss ghsjxjd

knhjxfk-dj`goxftno ogastntztngafk bxgzad xzkjs+ lj of`j+ cgx `fa~ gc

8=

@HJEN FAD FCTJX


30/49

tlj`+ tg }jxsganc~ tlj FAOs frerfxd j`hxfoj: gc knhjxfkns`! Tlja

fbfna+ tlj sgonfkk~ ogasjxftnj fad }g}zknst Yz`f }jxsgancnjs nt gxj

zaf`hnbzgzsk~ rlnol ns rl~ knhjxfks dnd agt igna tlj Txn}fxtntj

Fkknfaoj Kjct na rjkog`nab Yz`f fs @hjens szoojssgx! ,@fa~ na tlj

nadj}jadjat Kjct rjxj soj}tnofk fhgzt Yz`f tgg+ nt slgzkd hj fddjd!.

Ofa gaj dnnaj cxg` tljsj dnstnaotnj knajs gc oxntnvzj f zancnjd

tljgx~ gc @hjens xzkj7 Nt ns agtfhkj tlft tljxj rfs f ogajxbjaoj

hjtrjja knhjxfk fad kjctnst oxntnos ga ft kjfst trg }gnats9 tlft @hjen

}xfotnsjd f dj`goxfo~-tlxjftjanab st~kj gc bgjxa`jat fad tlft lns}gkntnos gc djknjx~ dnd tgg knttkj tg ljk} gxdnafx~ ontnyjas! Tlj~ fksg

fbxjjd na tljnx oxntnons` gc @hjens }gknonjs ga FND_ fad Yn`hfhrj!

Tlns ogajxbjaoj `f~ lfj czjkkjd @hjens }jxoj}tnga gc fa zalgk~

fkknfaoj fbfnast ln`+ stxjtolnab cxg` rlntj knhjxfks tg hkfoe txfdj

zangansts tlj sgxt gc fkknfaoj tlft+ @hjen `f~ lfj agtnojd+

olfkkjabjd @zbfhj na Yn`hfhrj! Tlj ogajxbjaoj fksg ljk}s tg

j|}kfna rl~ @hjen rfs sg nsgkftjd na tlj jad+ js}jonfkk~ rlja Kjctfad knhjxfk oxntnons` rfs jolgjd cxg` rntlna tlj FAO h~ f ogfkntnga

gc ErfYzkz-Aftfk jtlagxjbngafknsts+ gztl Kjfbzjxs fad f }fxfdj gc

rfkenab rgzadjd tlgsj rlg lfd hjja sz``fxnk~ slzatjd fsndj h~

tlj }xjsndjat! Tlj cfot tlft dnjxsj cfotngas ogaozxxjd na ej~ oxntnons`s

gc @hjen dgjs agt ntsjkc fkndftj tljnx og`}kfnats5 jfol lfd nts gra

f|j tg bxnad! Tlj cfot tlft @hjen kjct vzntj sg `fa~ cjjknab slzt gzt

ajjxtljkjss sjj`s tjkknab+ ft kjfst fhgzt @hjens lnbl-lfadjdajss!3

TLJ @HJEN XJOGXD9F oxntnofk gjxnjr

Tlj kjbfo~ gc kjfdjxs knjs agt gak~ na tlj vzfknt~ gc tljnx naagftnga hzt

fksg na tlj vzfknt~ gc tljnx ozstgdnfasln}! @hjen rfs ozstgdnfa gc ft

kjfst trg rndjk~ fkzjd kjbfonjs9 tlft gc tlj Cxjjdg` Olfxtjx gc 6>::+rntl nts xnabnab og``nt`jat tg aga-xfonfk fad `zktnxfonfk zant~+ }g}zkfx

dj`goxfo~ fad fss z}knct`jat5 fad tlj 6>>3 Ogastntztnga+ faagzaonab

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tlj ajr ogzatx~s cjfkt~ tg fa j|tjadjd fxxf~ gc xnblts! Tljsj naokzdjd

hkzj xnblts ,jvzfknt~ hjcgxj tlj kfr+ cxjjdg`s gc j|}xjssnga fad

fssgonftnga+ }gkntnofk }kzxfkns`+ kncjst~kj cxjjdg`+ bgjxa`jat h~

ogasjat.+ xjd xnblts ,tg lgzsnab+ jdzoftnga+ ljfktl+ szhstfatnj jvzfknt~

fad }fxtnon}ftgx~ dj`goxfo~. fad rlft nblt hj tjx`jd xfnahgr xnblts

,tg bxgz} xjogbantnga fad jvzfknt~.! Rlft sgxt gc f ozstgdnfa gc tljsj

kjbfonjs rfs @hjen7 N fssjss tlns hxnjck~ zadjx tlxjj ljfdnabs9

dj`goxfo~+ aftnga hznkdnab fad sgong-jogag`no fdfaoj gc tlj }ggx!

Ozxngzsk~ jagzbl+ ogasndjxnab @hjens fztlgxntfxnfa nastnaots fadfotngas+ lj kjct tlj dj`goxftno kjbfo~ xjkftnjk~ natfot! Tlj ajr _gztl

Fcxnof stfxtjd nts kncj fs f knhjxfk dj`goxfo~ hfsjd ga `zktn}fxt~

og`}jtntnga+ cxjj jkjotngas+ }gkntnofk }kzxfkns` fad fa fztgag`gzs onnk

sgonjt~5 fad nt ns f }gknt~ fad sgonjt~ gc tlns sgxt tlft @hjen lfadjd

ga! @fa~ gxbfansftngas gztsndj tlj stftj cjkt tlxjftjajd h~ @hjens

jxhfk fttfoes+ hzt tlj~ ajjx j|}jxnjaojd gztxnblt xj}xjssnga!

Jja sg+ @hjen rfs ag cxnjad gc dj`goxftno }kzxfkns`! Lns fztlgxn-tfxnfans` rfs cjkt `gst dnxjotk~ rntlna tlj FAO fad tlj Txn}fxtntj

Fkknfaoj! Tlns `fttjxjd na f ogzatx~ rljxj tlj xzknab }fxt~ srfkkgrs

z} sg `zol }gkntnofk s}foj! Tlzs tlj xzknab }fxt~ ogatxgkkjd hgtl tlj

Aftngafk Fssj`hk~ fad tlj j|joztnj nt rfs sz}}gsjd tg gjxsjj+

jafhknab @hjen jccjotnjk~ tg ajztjx ]fxknf`jat ,Bz`jdj 8==:9 64=-6.!

Tlj FAO aftngafk kjfdjxsln} j|}kgntjd nts jkjotgxfk dg`nafaoj

aftngafkk~+ na tlj }xgnaojs fad kgofkk~ tg j|jxt f ojatxfknsjd ogatxgk

gc fkk kjjks gc tlj stftj tlxgzbl nts tg}-dgra dj}kg~`jat stxftjb~! Tlns

rfs }fxt gc f kgabjx-tjx` }xgbxf``j+ jndjaoj szbbjsts+ cgx j|jxonsnab

og`}xjljasnj ljbj`ga~ gjx tlj stftj fad sgonjt~ ,Oln}ena 8==9 ?=:-?6


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lfads gc FAO }gkntnofk ojatxfknsjxs! Fs tlj FAO fhsgxhjd tlj stftj+

tlj stftj rfs+ na tzxa+ dxfra natg xzknab }fxt~ svzfhhkjs fad }kgts! Fs

Ofkkfad fad G|tgh~ slgr+ }gknoj+ natjkknbjaoj fad kjbfk fbjaonjs

hjof`j fknbajd rntl }fxtnozkfx FAO cfotngas+ jabfbnab na sjkjotnj

}xgsjoztngas+ szxjnkkfaoj+ kjfes fad cgxbjx~ tg df`fbj `j`hjxs gc

xnfk cfotngas! Tlj snabkj `gst cxnbltjanab j}nsgdj na tlj slgxt lnstgx~

gc }gst-6>>4 _gztl Fcxnofa dj`goxfo~ goozxxjd rlja+ na 8==6+ @hjen

cfksjk~ okfn`jd+ ga tlj hfsns gc s}jongzs natjkknbjaoj+ tlft tljxj rfs f

}kgt h~ f xfabj gc }xg`najat FAO cnbzxjs tg gjxtlxgr lns bgjxa-`jat! @hjen rfs cgxojd tg hfoe gcc+ fs lj rfs ga gtljx goofsngas! Nc

@hjen dnd agt kjtlfkk~ df`fbj _gztl Fcxnofa dj`goxfo~+ tljxj ns knttkj

dgzht tlft lns kjfdjxsln} jadfabjxjd nt fad tlft nt hjvzjftljd

dj`goxfo~-jadfabjxnab }xjojdjats tg szoojjdnab bgjxa`jats!

Dnd tlj @hjen-jxf stftj xjs}jot ontnyjas }gkntnofk onnk xnblts7

]gkntnofk ngkjaoj cjkk frf~ dxf`ftnofkk~ fctjx tlj 6>>4 jkjotngas+ hzt

xj`fnas f cjftzxj gc kgofk-kjjk }gkntnos+ fs dg goofsngafk fssfssnaftngasfad fttj`}tjd fssfssnaftngas+ agtfhk~ gc ogxxz}tnga rlnstkjhkgrjxs

,@}z`fkfabf ns fa j|f`}kj.! Fs Dzaofa fkzfhk~ dgoz`jats+ tlj

stftjs tgkjxfaoj gc `fss }xgtjst lfs }xgja tlna5 lgr `zol @hjen

lfd }jxsgafkk~ tg dg rntl tlns natgkjxfaoj ns zaokjfx+ hzt FAO-

ogatxgkkjd gx FAO-olgsja `zanon}fk fad }gknoj gccnonfks fxj ojxtfnak~

ozk}fhkj+ fad tlj~ g}jxftj na f okn`ftj @hjen cgstjxjd! Lzadxjds gc

oxn`nafk szs}jots fad }xnsgajxs dnj jjx~ ~jfx ft tlj lfads gc tlj

}gknoj+ rlg fksg lfxfss zadgoz`jatjd n``nbxfats fad j|tgxt hxnhjs

cxg` tlj bjajxfk }zhkno!

_tftj ngkjaoj xjfots tg+ cjjds gcc fad ,nc Dzaofa ns xnblt. sg`jtn`js

czjks tlj ngkjaoj gc sgonjt~ ntsjkc+ tlj kfttjx fancjstjd na f zxdjx xftj

fhgzt tja tn`js lnbljx tlfa tlft gc tlj Zantjd _tftjs+ enkknab gc stxnej-

hxjfejxs+ sjxnoj-djknjx~ xngts+ |jag}lghno }gbxg`s+ jja kjtlfk dxnnab!Tlj dj`goxftno kn`ntftngas gc tlj stftj fxj tlzs `ftoljd h~ tlgsj gc fa

zaonnk sgonjt~! Nc N lfj f vznhhkj rntl Dzaofa nt ns tlft slj dgjs agt

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33/49

foeagrkjdbj tlj naonnknt~ gc tlj kfttjx+ tlj aftzxj fad j|tjat gc rlnol

lfs ajjx hjja czkk~ j|}kfnajd fad rlnol+ tgg+ ngkftjs lz`fa xnblts!

Aftnga-hznkdnab fxbzfhk~ szccjxjd `gxj n``jdnftj naizx~ zadjx

@hjen tlfa dnd dj`goxfo~! @zol+ gc ogzxsj+ tzxas ga lgr aftnga-hznk-

dnab ns zadjxstggd ,kjfj fsndj rljtljx nt ns f bggd ndjf na f bkghfknsjd

rgxkd fad f |jag}lghno ogzatx~.! Ns nt fhgzt cgxbnab f ogkgzx-hknad }gknt~

fad sgonjt~7 F `zktnozktzxfk gaj+ ojkjhxftnab zant~ na dnjxsnt~7 Gx ns nt

fhgzt oj`jatnab aftngafk zant~ fxgzad f `figxntfxnfa ozktzxj7

@hjen }xghfhk~ zadjxstggd ln`sjkc tg hj cgxbnab f snabkj aftngafaolgxjd na fa Fcxnofa ndjatnt~! Tlj snbancnjx Fcxnofa ns+ ntsjkc+ f`hn-

fkjat! Na lns cf`gzs N f` fa Fcxnofa s}jjol+ ojkjhxftjd na tlns ogkkjotnga

h~ Ofkkfad fad G|tgh~+ @hjen j`hxfojd f xfonfkk~ s~aoxjtno jxsnga gc

nts jfanab5 hzt jja na tlft xjadntnga tlj tjx` Fcxnofa rfs ogzatjx}gsjd

tg Jzxg}jfa fad Rjstjxa! Gtljx Fcxnofansts+ knej @fkjbf}zxz @febghf

fad @fkj`f ,fad ]jtjx @gefhf na tlj 6>>=s.+ jstjd Fcxnofa rntl f

`gxj j|}knontk~ xfonfk `jfanab+ tfenab nt tg xjcjx jntljx tg f xfonfkk~djcnajd }jg}kj gx tg tljnx rf~s! Ft kjfst na tlns xfonfknsjd fxnfat aftnga-

hznkdnab dj}jads kjss ga rlntjs fooj}tnab f aga-xfonfk onno-aftngafk

ndjatnt~+ gx ojkjhxftnab tljnx Jzxg}jfa ljxntfbj fs }fxt gc f zktnozktzxfk

`n|+ tlfa ga tljnx og`nab tg tjx`s rntl tlj cfot tlft tlns ns f hkfoe-

Fcxnofa ogatnajat fad tlft hkfoe Fcxnofas fxj agr na olfxbj! Rlntjs+

na tlns jxsnga+ ofa ogaojnfhk~ hjog`j Fcxnofa tlj`sjkjs+ hzt gak~

h~ j`hxfonab hkfoe-Fcxnofa ozktzxj!

Ogkgzxjds fad Nadnfas cnad tlj`sjkjs na f stnkk `gxj og`}knoftjd

}kfoj na tlj aftnga-hznkdnab }xgijot! Tlj~ fxj hkfoe foogxdnab tg f

ogajatnga na fatn-f}fxtljnd }gkntnos bgnab hfoe tg tlj 6>2=s fad

foogxdnab tg j`}kg~`jat jvznt~ fad HJJ kjbnskftnga+ hzt cgx `fa~

aftnnsts nt ns Fcxnofaajss tlft ogzats fad Fcxnofa `jfas s}joncnofkk~

Hfatz-s}jfenab Fcxnofa! Na tlj xfonfk-Fcxnofanst solj`j tljsj `nag-xntnjs+ izst knej rlntjs+ fxj ofkkjd z}ga tg j`hxfoj tlj }gkntnofk fad

ozktzxfk fsojadfao~ gc Fcxnofas djcnajd na tlns afxxgrjx rf~!

84

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34/49

Hzt lgrjjx tlj aftnga ns ogaojnjd rljtljx fs aga-xfonfk+

`zktnozktzxfk gx Fcxnofa gaj oxzonfk `jfszxj gc tlj szoojss gc aftnga-

hznkdnab `zst hj nts of}font~ tg hxnab xfonfk `nagxntnjs natg f slfxjd

sjasj gc aftngalggd! Nc tlft ns tlj g}jxftnj oxntjxnga @hjen `zst hj

izdbjd tg lfj hjja `zol kjss szoojssczk tlfa lns }xjdjojssgx!

@fadjkfs og`hnaftnga gc aga-xfonfkns` fad xfnahgr zktnozktzxfk-

ns` `fdj rf~+ zadjx @hjen+ cgx fa fssjxtnj hkfoe+ sg`jtn`js Fcxnofa

xfonfk aftngafkns` tlft fknjaftjd agt gak~ rlntjs hzt fksg `fa~

ogkgzxjds fad Nadnfas! Tlj ajr xzknab jkntjs ogastfat hjxftnab gcs}gxtnab ogdjs fad hzsnajssjs cgx hjnab naszccnonjatk~ txfascgx`jd5

tlj nasnstjaoj ga xfoj-hfsjd xjoxznt`jat+ }xg`gtnga fad }xgozxj`jat5

xgrs gjx af`j olfabjs fad tlj Fcxneffas kfabzfbj+ fkk gc tljsj

ljk}jd tg `fnatfna xfoj xjkftngas na f }jx`fajat stftj gc hnoejxnab!

Rljtljx fa fssjxtnj xfonfk aftngafkns` rfs fa~rf~ izstncnjd sf~+ na

tlj af`j gc jvzfknt~ ogastntztjs f sj}fxftj `fttjx cgx djhftj+ hzt tlj

jbfkntfxnfa ofsj cgx nt sjj`s lfxdk~ okjfx ozt bnja tlft HJJ fad jjafccnx`ftnj fotnga lfj hjajcntjd gak~ f s`fkk nagxnt~ gc hkfoes! Aga-

xfonfk sgonfknsts fad sgonfk dj`goxfts }jxsnst na tljnx }xjcjxjaoj cgx

okfss-hfsjd xjdnstxnhztnga!

Nc @oEfnsjx ns xnblt+ @hjen-ntj aftnga-hznkdnab ajjd agt lfj tzxajd

gzt tlj rf~ nt dnd! Lj okfn`s tg lfj ndjatncnjd fa jfxknjx @hjen h~

rlnol lj jfas fa jfxknjx }gst-6>>4 @hjen rlg senkczkk~ s~atljsnsjd

f ajojssfx~ }gkntnos gc xfonfk xjdxjss rntl fa jvzfkk~ ajojssfx~ }xgijot

gc oxgss-xfonfk aftnga-hznkdnab! @oEfnsjxs jfxk~ @hjen tlzs }jxcgx`jd

tlj txnoe tlft @fadjkf dnd agt! @gxj txfbno ns nt+ tljxjcgxj+ @oEfnsjx

fxbzjs+ tlft tlj kftjx @hjen tlxjr frf~ tlns fdfatfbj na tlj }zxsznt

gc fa naoxjfsnabk~ ghsjssnj xfonfk jssjatnfkns`! Nts fa natjxjstnab ndjf+

tlgzbl gaj rlgsj jxncnoftnga rnkk xjvznxj stnkk okgsjx tj|tzfk }fxsnab

gc tlj cgx`jx }xjsndjats s}jjoljs fad gaknaj gzt}zt!F }jssn`nst `nblt szs}jot tlft xfonfk tjasnga ns naljxjat na tlj _gztl

Fcxnofa ogadntnga+ rljtljx @hjen ns na olfxbj gx agt ,fad nxxjs}jotnj

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35/49

gcrlnol @hjen ns na olfxbj.! Tlj }gst-knhjxftnga }xjsjaoj gc f kfxbj

rlntj }g}zkftnga+ dns}xg}gxtngaftjk~ fcckzjat fad senkkjd+ `f~ sjxj fs

f }jx`fajat sgzxoj gc nxxntftnga tg fa fs}nxfat hkfoe Fcxnofa `nddkj

okfss og`}jtnab cgx tlj sf`j hzsnajss fad }xgcjssngafk }kfojs! Tlj

hkfoe rgxenab okfss fad }ggx dg agt og`}jtj rntl rlntjs na tlj sf`j

rf~ ,rlntj-ogkkfx rgxejxs f}fxt. fad+ sg`j szxj~ jndjaoj szbbjsts+

fxj foogxdnabk~ kjss og``nttjd tg fccnx`ftnj fotnga ,Iglasga 8==>9

664-63.! Tlj~ fxj `gxj knejk~ tg og`}jtj f`gabst jfol gtljx cgx

j|f`}kj+ Fcxnofas rntl ogkgzxjds cgx lgzsjs fad ighs na tlj RjstjxaOf}j! Fad tlj~ og`}jtj ogkkjotnjk~+ }xn`fxnk~ gjx rgxe fad txfdnab

g}}gxtzantnjs+ rntl tlj `nbxfats rlg lfj jatjxjd tlj ogzatx~ na

ogasndjxfhkj az`hjxs cxg` jksjrljxj na Fcxnof snaoj fhgzt 6>>=! Rlft

tlj hkfoe }ggx rfat+ j`}nxnofk fad fajodgtfk jndjaoj n`}knjs ,L_XO

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}jxsnstjaoj gc }gjxt~ fad najvzfknt~ na tlj sjogad lfkc gc tlj 6>>=s+

rntl n`}xgjd foojss tg sjxnojs cgx tlj }ggxjst gccsjt h~ xnsnab

zaj`}kg~`jat ,sjj+ j!b!+ _jjenabs # Afttxfss 8==39 ?==-?2:.! Cxg`

tlj jfxk~ 8===s tlj s}xjfdnab ajt gc sgonfk bxfats fad+ kftjx+ fa

jogag`no hgg` hjbfa tg f`jkngxftj fhsgkztj naog`j }gjxt~ fad+

}jxlf}s+ fksg najvzfknt~ ,sjj+ j!b!+ Jjxftt 8==>.! Hzt ft tlj jad gc tlj

@hjen jxf _gztl Fcxnof xj`fnajd gaj gc tlj `gst zajvzfk ogzatxnjs na

tlj rgxkd5 gaj j`hfxxfssjd h~ rgxkd-hjftnab zaj`}kg~`jat+ djoknanab

kncj j|}jotfao~ fad xnsnab nacfat `gxtfknt~! Tlj FAO na }grjxzadgzhtjdk~ jalfaojd tlj foojss gc tlj }ggx tg szhsndnsjd lgzsnab+

jkjotxnont~ cgx knbltnab+ }gtfhkj rftjx+ oknanos fad bxfats+ hzt nt ogzkd

fksg hj }zantnj tg tlj }ggx+ fs rntajss tlj rnkknabajss gc FAO-xza kgofk

fztlgxntnjs tg ozt gcc zxhfa lgzsjlgkdjxs foojss tg rftjx fad jkjotxnont~

cgx aga-}f~`jat! @fa~ gc tlj sgonfk sjxnojs }xgndjd cgx tlj }ggx

szccjxjd cxg` kgr-vzfknt~ gzt}zt+ slgdd~ `fnatjafaoj fad cxfzd!

Tlj f`jkngxftnga gc }gjxt~ fad najvzfknt~ ns agt+ tg hj cfnx+ stxfnblt-cgxrfxdk~ na tlj bnct gc bgjxa`jats gc tlj df~! Tlj FAO na }grjx lfd

tg fot tg f`jkngxftj }gjxt~ fad zajvzfk kncj-olfaojs na tlj ogatj|t gc

naljxntjd jogag`no ogastxfnats fad tlj j|tjxafk slgoe gc tlj LNS

}fadj`no! Na tlj ofsj gc LNS tlj @hjen bgjxa`jat `fdj `fttjxs

rgxsj cgx ntsjkc9 tlj rntllgkdnab gc FXSs fbbxfftjd zaajojssfxnk~ tlj

tgkk gc FND_ ga `gxtfknt~+ }xgdzotnnt~ fad lgzsjlgkd naog`j!

Tljxj rfs ajjx fa FXS cgx `fafbnab tlj n`}fot gc naljxntjd

jogag`no rjfeajssjs! _gztl Fcxnofs nddkj-naog`j jogag`~ f~ kgge

xnol na Fcxnofa tjx`s+ hzt nt lfs ajjx xjbfnajd tlj lnbl bxgrtl }ftl nt

rfs ga hjtrjja tlj `nd-6>?=s fad tlj `nd-6>2=s! Nt lfs ogasjvzjatk~

cfkkja hjlnad `fa~ og`}fxfhkj gx jja nantnfkk~ }ggxjx jogag`njs!

Lgrjjx og`}jtjat f `fafbjx na gxtlgdg| `foxg-jogag`no tjx`s+

tlj FAO na }grjx lfs ~jt tg szx`gzat naljxntjd jogag`no olfkkjabjs!Tljsj fxj fxngzs! Jogag`no bxgrtl hz`}s fbfnast f hfkfaoj gc }f~-

`jats ogastxfnat+ tlj ajt xjszkt gc dj}jadjaoj ga n`}gxtjd of}ntfk

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bggds+ tlj `nddkj okfsss djht-czjkkjd f}}jtntj cgx n`}gxtjd kz|zxnjs fad

fa natjxaftngafkk~ zaog`}jtntnj `fazcfotzxnab sjotgx! Tlj jogag`~

xjknjs ga }xn`fx~ }xgdzot j|}gxts tg jfxa cgxjnba j|olfabj fad ga

cgxjnba najst`jat tg gccsjt kgr dg`jstno sfnabs dj}jadjaonjs tlft

kjfj nt zkajxfhkj tg djoknanab og``gdnt~ }xnojs+ cknblts gc lgt gaj~

fad ozxxjao~ ckzotzftnga! Djs}ntj f kgab-fooz`zkftnab szx}kzs gc

zasenkkjd kfhgzx+ tljxj ns f hnfs tgrfxds of}ntfk natjasnt~ na }xgdzotnga

tlft ns f kjbfo~ gc f}fxtljnd-nadzojd zxhfa kfhgzx slgxtfbjs+ tlj

dg`nafaoj gc kfxbj og`}fanjs fad+ cxg` tlj 6>>3-o8===. tlj FAO bgjxa`jat bf`hkjd

ga hjnab fhkj tg knct _gztl Fcxnof gatg f djonsnjk~ lnbljx bxgrtl }ftl

h~ kn`ntnab bgjxa`jat s}jadnab+ }xnftnsnab gx gztsgzxonab stftj

sjxnojs+ rntldxfrnab fbxnozktzxfk szhsndnjs+ stfhnknsnab tlj ozxxjao~

tlxgzbl lnbl natjxjst xftjs fad cxjjnab z} tlj gj`jat gc bggds fadof}ntfk foxgss _gztl Fcxnofa hgxdjxs! Tlj lg}j rfs tlft tlj najntfhkj

j|}gxt gc of}ntfk fad tlj og`}jtntnj slgoe tg tj|tnkj+ fztg fad cfx`

rgxejxs rgzkd hj `gxj tlfa gccsjt h~ hzxbjganab nadzstxnfk j|}gxts

fad narfxd najst`jat!

Tlj bf`hkj kfxbjk~ cfnkjd! @fa~ rgxejxs kgst tljnx ighs na `faz-

cfotzxnab+ nanab fad cfx`nab! _zoojssczk djcnont ogatfna`jat ~njkdjd f

dgrasndj na ajr ogastxfnats ga jajxb~ sz}}k~ fad djtjxngxftnab

nacxfstxzotzxj! _jogadfx~-nadzstxnfk j|}gxt g}}gxtzantnjs rjxj oga-

stxnotjd h~ _gztl Fcxnofs dnsfdfatfbjgzs bjgbxf}lnofk kgoftnga+

}jxsnstjat kgofk senkk slgxtfbjs ,agtrntlstfadnab ljf~ najst`jat na

}zhkno jdzoftnga.+ xjkftnjk~ lnbl fazcfotzxnab rfbjs fad fa gctja tgg

stxgab ozxxjao~! Rntl fktjxaftnj j`jxbnab `fxejt fttxfotngas na

Jfstjxa Jzxg}j fad Olnaf+ fad djtjxxjd h~ stxgab zangas+ }gkntnofkzaojxtfnat~ fad oxn`j na _gztl Fcxnof+ cgxjnba dnxjot najst`jat cfnkjd

tg }gzx na fs }xjdnotjd! Nastjfd+ _gztl Fcxnof j|}jxnjaojd }xj`ftzxj

89 :9 2=-6+ 6=8-

664+ 628-2:+ 443-:=35 Abg`f 8==>.! Xzsljd Fcxnofansftnga }gst-6>>4

ogas}nxjd rntl f xnbltsnynab gc tlj }zhkno sjotgx tg hkjjd tlj stftj gc

senkks fad j|}jxnjaoj! Dj}fxt`jats }gfoljd sofxoj senkkjd hkfoe }jxsgaajk

cxg` jfol gtljx+ ofzsnab lnbl tzxagjx+ gx kjct ighs fofat cgx rfat gc

szntfhkj hkfoe ofadndftjs! Tlj stftj fttj`}tjd tg cnkk nts senkks bf} h~

}zxolfsnab ft jkjftjd ogst tlj sjxnojs gc rlntj }xnftj ogaszktfats!@jfarlnkj+ fa z}rfxdk~ `ghnknsnab `fafbjxnfk jkntj zsjd tlj stftj tg

jaxnol ntsjkc nf aj}gtns`+ j|gxhntfat sfkfxnjs fad }jxes+ tjadjxs cgx

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oxganjs fad hxnhj-tfenab! Rjkk-gxbfansjd }zhkno sjotgx rgxejxs hkgoejd

jccgxts tg n`}xgj sjxnoj vzfknt~+ agtfhk~ na jdzoftnga! Tlj `jxbjx gc

f}fxtljnd-jxf xfonfkk~ sjbxjbftjd hzxjfzoxfonjs n`}gxtjd jtlano+ xfonfk

fad bjgbxf}lnofk dnnsngas natg ajr zantfx~ fd`nanstxftngas fad fkkgrjd

tlj ogxxz}tnga fad naog`}jtjaoj gc cgx`jx Hfatzstfa fd`nanstxftngas

tg ogkgansj ajr }xgnaonfk bgjxa`jats! N`}kj`jatftnga gc Ajr ]zhkno

@fafbj`jat+ djsnbajd tg oxjftj f stxftjbno+ }xg-fotnj fad ogasz`jx-

xjs}gasnj `fafbjxnfk okfss+ `zktn}knjd tlj `fafbjxnfk kf~jx rlnkj

`fenab zaxjfknstno dj`fads z}ga naj|}jxnjaojd }jxsgaajk! Tlj xjszktrfs fa zaxfjkknab stftj xftljx tlfa gaj cnt cgx djjkg}`jatfk }zx}gsj!

Fagtljx xjvznxj`jat gc f djjkg}`jatfk stftj zadjx of}ntfknst

ogadntngas+ ogg}jxftnj xjkftngas hjtrjja of}ntfk+ kfhgzx fad tlj stftj+

xj`fnajd jkzsnj! Zangas fad tlj kjct og`}kfnajd fhgzt tlj Txjfszx~s

hzdbjt szx}kzsjs+ tlj Xjsjxj Hfaes nackftnga tfxbjtnab fad f szxbj gc

Olnajsj n`}gxts+ jndjaoj+ tg tlj`+ gc gabgnab ajg-knhjxfkns` ft }gkno~

kjjk! Tlj rlntj-dg`naftjd hzsnajss okfss+ tlgzbl bjajxfkk~ sz}}gxtnjgc tlj stftjs cnsofk fad `gajtfx~ `fafbj`jat+ ogatnazjd tg og`}kfna

fhgzt HJJ fad kfhgzx xjbzkftngas fad naoxjfsnabk~ djs}fnxjd gc jkjotxnont~

sz}}k~! Ajntljx jstfhknsljd rlntj of}ntfk agx ajr hkfoe of}ntfk slgrjd

`zol naoknaftnga tg }kf~ tlj xgkj gc f }ftxngtno hgzxbjgnsnj og``nttjd

tg sgonfkk~ naokzsnj dg`jstno bxgrtl! Tlj @hjen bgjxa`jat+ cgx nts

}fxt+ ogatnazjd tg f}}xgfol rlntj of}ntfk rntl fa zastfhkj `n|tzxj gc

}xfb`ftno jaogzxfbj`jat fad xfoj-kfojd fatfbgans`+ jolgnab tlj

zasjttkjd `nadsjt gc f hkfoe hzsnajss jkntj tlft sfr na rlntj-dg`naftjd

ogx}gxftngas hgtl f og`}jtntgx fad f sgzxoj gc jogag`no xjat!

@HJEN_ KJBFO^+ GX TLJ FAO_7

Lgr `zol gc tlns xjogxd ns @hjens+ lgr `zol tlj FAOs7 Rj fxjhfoe+ ljxj+ tg `fttjxs gc stxzotzxj fad fbjao~! Tljxj ofa hj knttkj

dgzht tlft @hjen n`hnhjd `zol gc rlft gtljx FAO ofdxjs dnd+ `gst

?=

@HJEN FAD FCTJX


40/49

gc nt fkxjfd~ fkkzdjd tg9 @fx|ns`-Kjananst okfss fafk~sns+ gxbfansftngafk

st~kj fad xljtgxno+ ogaj~jd h~ jajxbjtno Og``zanst ]fxt~ og`xfdjs

fad _gnjt s}gasgxs5 tlj zadjxstfadnab gc _gztl Fcxnof fs zadjxbgnab+

rntl tlj cfkk gc f}fxtljnd+ f aftngafk dj`goxftno xjgkztnga5 tlj s}jonfk

og``nt`jat tg hkfoe+ js}jonfkk~ Fcxnofa knhjxftnga5 fad tlj njr gc tlj

FAO fs tlj sgkj fztljatno knhjxftnga cgxoj! Tlj FAO stxjssjd dnson}knaj

fad zant~+ fad nt ogastntztjd @hjens gak~ cf`nk~! Rfs agt jjx~tlnab

@hjen dnd sn`}k~ fa jcczsnga gc tlj FAOs ogkkjotnj `nad fad hgd~7

Tljxj fxj sg`j bxgzads cgx tlns agtnga+ hzt nt ns ajojssfx~ tgxjogbansj+ tgg+ tlft tlj FAO j`hgdnjd dnjxsj txjads fad }gssnhnkntnjs!

@fadjkf+ knej @hjen+ rfs ag nastnaotnj dj`goxft! Lj fkzjd zant~ gc

}zx}gsj fhgj }kzxfkns`+ fad fotjd zankftjxfkk~ ft oxzonfk `g`jats!

Ft tlj sf`j tn`j+ tlgzbl+ @fadjkf ox~stfkknsjd tlj FAOs rnkk tg

aftnga-hznkdnab fad aga-xfonfk naokzsnjajss! Lj rfs `fxejd h~ f

lz`hkjajss tlft fkkgrjd ln` tg dj}fxt cxg` }grjx fctjx f snabkj tjx`+

fa n`}knont xjhzej tg Fcxnofa hnb `ja rlg oknab tg gccnoj ft fkk ogsts!Na @hjen dnccjxjat FAO txfdntngas szxcfojd+ naokzdnab tlft gc sjotfxnfa

Fcxnofans`! Na bgjxanab lj dg`jstnoftjd tlj jkntns` fad ojatxfkns`

jadj`no tg j|nkj }gkntnos+ dns}kfonab tlj `gxj ljtjxgbjajgzs fad

og``zant~-faolgxjd }gkntnos gc tlj FAOs 6>


41/49

nt dzxnab tlj }jfe gc @hjens fztlgxnt~ hjtrjja tlj kftj 6>>=s fad tlj

jfxk~ 8===s ,Bz`jdj 8==:9 632-9 8=8-?.!2

@fadjkf+ djs}ntj lns kg~fkt~ tg dnotftgxs rlg }xjngzsk~ sz}}gxtjd

fad agr }xghfhk~ czadjd tlj FAO+ knejd tg hfse na tlj f}}xgfk gc tlj

rgxkds lz`fa xnblts og``zant~ ,nc rj ofa ofkk nt tlft.! @hjen `zol

}xjcjxxjd Fcxnofa fad bkghfk-sgztl fkndftnga+ fs lj cnxst slgrjd na

slf}nab _gztl Fcxnofs ,}zsnkkfan`gzs. xjs}gasj tg Anbjxnfa stxgab`fa

_fan Fhfolf ,Bz`jdj 8==:9 625 Bjnssjx 8==29 2=?-2=35 Iglasga

8==>9 888-.! @hjens bgjxafaoj naokzdjd agtlnab og`}fxfhk~ ngkjat!

Agx ns tljxj jndjaoj tlft lns dj}fxtzxj lfs ljxfkdjd f xjajrjd

og``nt`jat tg dj`goxftno rf~s+ djs}ntj ojkjhxftnga h~ sg`j gc f

sz}}gsjd ]gkgerfaj g}janab! Rlnkj @hjen f~ lfj hxgzblt rntl ln`f }fxtnozkfx hxfad gc n`}jxnfk }xjsndjatnfkns` lj rfs+ ga tlj dj`goxfo~

nsszj+ ag rnkd gztknjx na FAO lnstgx~!

?8

@HJEN FAD FCTJX


42/49

Cfnxajss dj`fads tlft hgtl @hjen fadtlj FAO hj bnja sg`j oxjdnt

cgx _gztl Fcxnofs hxgfdk~ dj`goxftno txfijotgx~ snaoj 6>>4! Tlj `fa

fad tlj }fxt~ hgtl }xgjd ndjgkgbnofkk~ fdf}tnj jagzbl tg snba z} tg

ogastntztngafk knhjxfk dj`goxfo~! Tlj FAOs jkjotgxfk dg`nafaoj lfs

jafhkjd nt tg sjxj fs f sgzxoj gc stfhnknt~+ izst fs dgjs nts oxgss-jtlano

f}}jfk! Rj ofaagt hj szxj tlft tlj FAOs hxjfe-z} natg }gkntnofkk~

rfxxnab cfotngas rnkk hj bggd cgx dj`goxftno }jfoj! Nt ogzkd stnx jtlano

fad ndjgkgbnofk }fssngas tlft cnad j|}xjssnga na ngkjaoj! Nts jkjotgxfk

szoojssgxs+ slgzkd tljxj gaj df~ hj sg`j+ `f~ sjj tljnx gra tn`j nagccnoj sn`}k~ fs tljnx tzxa tg jft+ na tlj jstfhknsljd szh-_flfxfa }fttjxa!

_tnkk+ rj slgzkd agt nstfej tlj FAO cgx fa nastnaotnjk~ dj`goxftno

cgxoj+ gx cfnk tg agtj tlj }fxfdg|nofk aftzxj gc tlj fxbz`jat tlft gaj

}fxt~ gzblt tg xj`fna cgxjjx na gccnoj na gxdjx tg }xjsjxj dj`goxfo~!

]xzdjatnfk fxbz`jats cgx tlj FAOs fsojadfao~ fxj }kfzsnhkj gak~

hjofzsj tlj dj`goxftno nastntztngas gc _gztl Fcxnof fxj za}xgja! Agx

slgzkd rj fjxt gzx j~js cxg` tlj ogsts gc tlj FAOs 6: ~jfxs gc xzkj!Tlgsj rjxj fxbzfhk~ `fdj bxjftjx tlfa tlj~ ajjd lfj hjja h~ tlj

rf~ @hjen }jxsgafkk~ stjjxjd tlj xzknab }fxt~!

@HJEN NA TLJ ]G_T-@HJEN N@FBNAFTNGA

Lgr+ na 8=6=+ dgjs Tlfhg @hjen cnbzxj na tlj _gztl Fcxnofa ogkkjotnj

`nad7 Tlj ogx}gxjfk }jxsga ns kfxbjk~ nansnhkj+ djs}ntj tlj gdd

f}}jfxfaoj na+ cgx j|f`}kj+ ajbgtnftngas gjx tlj cztzxj gc _zdfa!

Tljxj ns jndjaoj na lns natjxnjr rntl tlj igzxafk Tlnaejx ,cgzadjd

h~ cgx`jx @hjen sndjenoe Jssg} ]flfd. tlft lj ns stnkk vznjtk~ frfntnab

lns nadnoftnga+ agtfhk~ ga LNS'FND_!

FAO `j`hjxs fbbxnjjd ft @hjens txjft`jat dzxnab fad fctjx tlj

]gkgerfaj Ogacjxjaoj hxgej frf~ tg cgx` tlj Ogabxjss gc tlj ]jg}kj,Og}j.+ rlnol rga f xjs}jotfhkj 2* gc tlj gtj na tlj 8==> bjajxfk

jkjotngas hzt ns agr sjkc-djstxzotnab! Tlj j|tjat gc tlj cgx`jx }xjsndjats

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43/49

lfad na tlj cgzadnab gc Og}j ns zaokjfx+ hzt nt rgzkd hj stxfnanab

tlnabs tg sf~ tlft tlj }fxt~ ns ofxx~nab @hjens tgxol }fxtk~ hjofzsj+

zaknej @hjen ln`sjkc+ Og}j f}}jfxs tg hj tlj bjaznajk~ }gst-

ndjgkgbnofk fxtnokj+ zanatjxjstjd na @hjens xfoj }gkntnos gx @fx|nst-

Kjananst fafk~tno cxf`j! Tljxj fxj Og}j j`hjxs rlg kgzdk~ ojkjhxftj

@hjen+ hzt tljnx fccnant~ rntl ln` sjj`s+ ga tlj cfoj gc nt+ }jxsgafk gx

jtlagxjbngafk xftljx tlfa ndjgkgbnofk!

@hjen tgxolhjfxjxs fxj ojxtfnak~ sofxoj nasndj tlj FAO! Cfotngafk

ogacknots zadjxrf~ na tlj }fxt~ fxj }nttnab fbfnast jfol gtljx agt Yz`ffad @hjen sz}}gxtjxs ,`fa~ gc tlj kfttjx lfj fa~rf~ hjja }zxbjd+

kjct gkzatfxnk~ gx ignajd tlj ]gkgerfaj notgxs. hzt dnccjxjat jkj`jats

gc tlj Yz`f ogfkntnga! Nxganofkk~+ tlj ogatjadjx na tljsj hfttkjs tlft

sjj`s gst @hjen-ntj ns tlj FAO gztl Kjfbzj+ fa gxbfansftnga tlft

}kf~jd f snbancnofat xgkj na @hjens dgracfkk! Cgx szxj+ tlj FAO^K ns

tlgxgzblk~ zaknej @hjen na nts }xjdnkjotnga cgx }gkno~ fdjatzxns` fad

xfhhkj-xgzsnab! Hzt nt dgjs sjj` tg slfxj+ fkhjnt tg }xg}fbftj na `gxjstxfnbltcgxrfxdk~ Fcxnofanst cgx`+ lns xfonfk aftngafkns`! Nt f~ hj ag

ognaondjaoj tlft @fkj`f lfs og`j gzt stxgabk~ fbfnast tlj

}xgsjoztnga gc @hjen cgx lns }gkno~ ga LNS'FND_+ fad bjajxfkk~

fbfnast tlj }xgsjoztnga gc Fcxnofa kjfdjxs cgx bxgss lz`fa xnblts

ngkftngas f jx~ @hjen-ntj }gsntnga! Zaszx}xnsnabk~+ tlj FAO^K ns

fksg `gxj }xg-@zbfhj tlfa tlj Yz`f-sz}}gxtnab kjct!

Rj ofa sz``fxnsj @hjens }kfoj na tlj ozxxjat _gztl Fcxnofa

n`fbnaftnga fad na ozxxjat _gztl Fcxnofa }gkntnos na tjx`s gc cgzx

}xgojssjs9 jxfszxj+ dnjxsnga+ najxsnga fad ogatnaznt~! @hjen lfs hjja

jxfsjd nasgcfx fs lj tfkes knttkj fad ns xj`fxefhk~ knttkj tfkejd fhgzt!

Dxfnajd gc }grjx fad dnxjot nackzjaoj+ lj lfs hjja }fxtk~ j|}zabjd

cxg` tlj FAOs gra foogzat gc nts xjojat lnstgx~!

jkjotngas `fa~ `nddkj-okfss _gztl Fcxnofas fssz`jd tlft Yz`fs

fsojadfao~ rgzkd txnbbjx f djsojat natg }g}zkns`+ f xgkkhfoe gc

dj`goxftno xnblts+ fad xzafrf~ ogxxz}tnga! Cxg` lns nafzbzxftnga

garfxds Yz`f szx}xnsjd `fa~ rntl fa fk`gst stftjs`faknejnaokzsnjajss+ rlnol+ lgrjjx+ sjbzjd natg f sjj`nab xjkzotfaoj tg

dj`gastxftj okjfx kjfdjxsln} na f ogzatx~ ogacxgatnab djs}jxftj

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45/49

olfkkjabjs! @gxj xjojatk~ tlj ogfkntnga tlft hgxj Yz`f tg gccnoj lfs

hjbza tg tjfx ntsjkc f}fxt na }zhkno+ kjfnab na slxjds tlj FAOs

kjbjadfx~ dnson}knaj! _g+ rlft ns tg hj tlj lfkk`fxe gc tlj Yz`f jxf7

Ogkkjotnj kjfdjxsln} zadjx f hjanba cnbzxjljfd7 @gh xzkj7 Jssjatnfk

ogatnaznt~ rntl @hjen+ cgx bggd fad nkk7 F kjctrfxd tlxzst7 Fkk tlns

xj`fnas tg hj sjja!

Yz`f-ns` xj}xjsjatjd f }ljag`jaga tlft @hjen djs}nsjd9

}g}zkns`! Tlj `gj`jat }xg}jkknab tlj Yzaf`n cgstjxjd f ozkt gc

kjfdjxsln}+ kfoejd ndjgkgbnofk ogljxjaoj fad f}}jfxjd sg`jtn`js tgdnsxjbfxd ogastntztngafk gxdjx! Nt `ghnknsnjd fa naolgftj ogfkntnga gc

tlj dnsjaolfatjd+ naokzdnab tlj kjct+ xzxfk txfdntngafknsts fad tlj zxhfa

}ggx+ fbfnast tlj ogzatx~s zxhfa-hfsjd }gkntnofk+ natjkkjotzfk fad

ozktzxfk jkntjs! Nts dj`fbgbno fad j|}xjssnj }gkntnofk st~kj ogatxfstjd

rntl @hjens zxhfaj natjkkjotzfkns` fad }xjdnkjotnga cgx gxdjx fad

ogatxgk! ]g}zknst xjgkts fbfnast tlj FAO kjfdjxsln} lfj dgttjd FAO

lnstgx~9 gst rjxj kjd h~ Fcxnofansts+ sg`j h~ tlj kjct+ sg`j fxtnozkftjdfa ndjgkgbnofkk~ nadjtjx`naftj gx nsszj-dxnja dnsogatjat! @gstk~ tljsj

xjgkts rjxj ljkd gcc+ naokzdnab h~ }xjngzs FAO }xjsndjats Fkhjxt

Kztlzkn+ Tf`hg+ @fadjkf fad @hjen! Na Yz`f gaj szol xjgkt+ f

}fxtnozkfxk~ ndjgkgbnofkk~ of}fongzs gaj+ sjj`jd tg rna gzt!

Lfnab hgxaj Yz`f tg }grjx+ ns tlns }g}zkns` agr s}jat7 Tljxj fxj

og`}jtnab }gssnhnkntnjs! _naoj tlj jkjotnga tlj FAO kjfdjxsln} lfs

j`}lfsnsjd jogag`no }gkno~ ogatnaznt~+ jja rlnkj tlxjftjanab oxfoe-

dgras ga ogxxz}tnga+ oxga~ns` fad naog`}jtjaoj! Hzt jogag`no }gkno~

xj`fnas zaxjsgkjd+ djkjbftjd h~ Yz`f tg fa jogag`no okzstjx rlgsj

ndjgkgbnofkk~ dnjxsj `j`hjxs igstkj cgx }xj-j`najaoj! _g`j na Yz`fs

ogfkntnga sjje f hxjfe rntl of}ntfkns`5 tlj `figxnt~ na tlj j|joztnj

hxfaol cfgzxs f sgonfkk~ xjs}gasnj+ djjkg}`jatfk jxsnga gc nt!

@zddknab tlxgzbl jogag`nofkk~+ fs tlj ogzatx~ lfs dgaj snaoj tlj `nd-6>2=s+ sjj`s zol gxj knejk~ cgx agr tlfa jntljx sojafxng! @jfarlnkj+

f d~af`no gc xfdnofknsftnga lfs hjja natxgdzojd h~ tlj FAO^K+ rlnol

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@HJEN FAD FCTJX


46/49

ns og`}jtnab rntl tlj _FO] tg }xgj nts sz}jxngx kjctnst oxjdjatnfks ga

aftngafknsftnga! Tlj }xjfnknab ft`gs}ljxj ns tlzs gaj gc zaojxtfnat~+

jja fs tlj bkghfk jogag`no xjojssnga gjxrljk`s @hjens hgg`!

@hjen-jxf `foxg-jogag`no ogasjxftns` kjct tlj ogzatx~ tg cfoj

tlj xjojssnga rntl xjsjxjs cgx ogzatjx-o~oknofk cnsofk j|}fasnga+ hzt nt

`f~ fksg hj }fxtk~ xjs}gasnhkj cgx tlj cfot tlft tlj ogzatx~ lfs jatjxjd

xjojssnga rntl fkxjfd~ hxztfk kjjks gc zaj`}kg~`jat fad tgg knttkj

jkjotxnont~ tg okn`h gzt vznoek~! Tlj xjojssnga ns fksg df`}janab tlj

Kjcts lg}js cgx foojkjxftjd stftj s}jadnab ga tlj }ggx+ lfnabf}gxnsjd tlj hzdbjt szx}kzs nt lfd j~jd cgx sg`j tn`j!

Ga tlj }gsntnj sndj+ tlj stftj ns agr zantjd na f okjfx-j~jd

xjogbantnga tlft LNS'FND_ lfs xjdzojd kncj j|}jotfao~ rf~ hjkgr

rljxj nt kf~ na 6>>4+ fad tlft tlj }fadj`no ajjds tg hj txjftjd fs fa

zxbjat }xngxnt~! Jja+ ljxj+ tlgzbl+ tlj }xjsndjats rjkk-}zhknonsjd

za}xgtjotjd j|txf-`fxntfk sj| xftljx hkzats tlj `jssfbj!

Dnccnozkt tg jstfhknsl+ tgg+ ns tlj sfcjt~ gx gtljxrnsj gc ogastntztngafkdj`goxfo~ zadjx Yz`f+ tlgzbl okjfxk~ tlj tlxjft kjjk ns agr rf~ z}!

Dzxnab Yz`fs kgab of`}fnbas cgx tlj }fxt~ fad aftngafk }xjsndjaonjs+

lns sz}}gxtjxs tlxjftjajd tg enkk cgx Yz`f fad dns`nssjd izdbjs fs

ogzatjx xjgkztngafxnjs rlja tlj~ `fdj djonsngas zacfgzxfhkj tg tljnx

olf`}nga! Yz`f cnkjd sznts fbfnast igzxafknsts fad tlj ofxtgganst

Yf}nxg! Tlj notgxs gc ]gkgerfaj }zxbjd @hjen-ntjs cxg` kjfdjxsln}

}gsntngas na tlj FAO+ _FO] fad OG_FTZ!

Z}ga fsojadnab tg tlj }xjsndjao~ gc tlj Xj}zhkno Yz`f fsszxjd fkk

tlft tlj Ogastntztnga rfs sfcj na lns lfads! Lj fad lns `nanstjxs

jaogzxfbjd ]fxknf`jat+ tlj xzknab }fxt~+ jja gxdnafx~ ontnyjas tg lgkd

tlj` tg foogzat+ fad tlj }fxt~+ nc agt ]fxknf`jat ,gx+ ~jt+ tlj ontnyjax~.

lfs dgaj sg! Tlj xzknab }fxt~s fccnknftjs fad }fxtajxs g}jak~ olfkkjabj

FAO kjfdjxs! Tlj gztl Kjfbzj rfs+ zatnk xjojatk~+ kgzdk~ tlxjftjanabrntl }gkntnofk j|tnaotnga FAO jkdjxs rlg dnsfbxjjd rntl nt ga }gkno~

nsszjs! Ogsftz hj`gfas xzknab-}fxt~ ogxxz}tnga! Tlj lfads gc Ogsftz+

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47/49

tlj _gztl Fcxnofa Aftngafk Onno Gxbfansftnga fad tlj _FO] fxj

djtjotfhkj na }zhkno sjotgx stxnejs fad kgofk sjxnoj djknjx~ }xgtjsts!

Na tljsj sjasjs+ tlj xjhjkkngzs s}nxnt gc ]gkgerfaj rlnol sg`j sfr

fs f ljxgno }zslhfoe fbfnast tlj nxga kfr gc gknbfxol~ tlft sz}}gsjdk~

bgjxas kfxbj-sofkj gxbfansftngas lfs agt szhsndjd+ jja nc nt }fzsjd

cgx tlj 8=6= sgoojx Rgxkd Oz} lgstjd h~ _gztl Fcxnof!

^jt tlgsj gc f dj`goxftno gx ogastntztngafknst hjat rnkk cnad knttkj tlft

ns xjfsszxnab na tlj dj`fbgbno xljtgxno fad }jxsgafk fttfoes j|olfabjd

xjojatk~ h~ og`}jtnab cfotngas gc tlj Txn}fxtntj Fkknfaoj! Tljsj dg agtogastntztj dj`goxftno djhftj! ,Nt ns tlzs dnccnozkt tg eagr rljtljx tlj

FAOs gccnonfk dnson}knanab gc @fkj`f+ fa fztlgxntfxnfa dj`fbgbzj bnja

tg tzxanab tlj }gknoj ga lns xnfks+ rfs bggd gx hfd ajrs cgx dj`goxfo~5

tlj dfabjx knjs na tlj }xjojdjat nt sjts cgx tlj dnson}knanab gc gtljxs rlg

s}jfe gzt!. @jfarlnkj+ Yz`f lfs xjrfxdjd slfd~-sjj`nab kg~fknsts rntl

sjangx }gsntngas na tlj sjozxnt~ f}}fxftzs fad `gjd srnctk~ tg }kfoj

sz}}gxtjxs na tlj Izdnonfk _jxnoj Og``nssnga fad Ogastntztngafk Ogzxt!Tlj }gknoj+ agr xj`nkntfxnsnab tljnx s~stj` gc xfaes+ fxj ga gxdjx stnkk

tg slggt tg enkk oxn`nafk szs}jots! @jdnf cxjjdg` ns zadjx sjxngzsk~

fkfx`nab fssfzkt+ rntl }kfas fcggt cgx }xgtjotnga-gc-nacgx`ftnga kjbns-

kftnga fad f stftztgx~ txnhzafk tg ozxh ajrs}f}jx xj}gxtnab ga

ogxxz}tnga fad }jxlf}s tg kn`nt g}}gsntngafk igzxafkns` bjajxfkk~!

@jfarlnkj+ knhjxfk-kjct cjfxs gc xjbxjssnj }gknonjs ga bjadjx fad sj|zfknt~

lfj hjja xjnjd h~ ajrs gc cxjsl Yz`f sj|zfk ogavzjsts gztsndj fa

fkxjfd~ j|}fadnab }gk~bf`gzs `fxxnfbj fad h~ tlj f}}gnat`jat gc f

ogacnx`jd lg`g}lghj fs f`hfssfdgx tg Zbfadf+ }jxlf}s tlj rgxkds

`gst lg`g}lghno kfad!

Yz`f ns `gxj cxnjadk~ tlfa @hjen tg xfonfk `nagxntnjs! Lj sjj`s

tg }notzxj _gztl Fcxnofas fs f xfonfkk~ `n|jd cf`nk~ zantjd zadjx tlj

FAO+ rntl ln`sjkc fs hjanba }ftxnfxol! Lj lfs `fdj jkfhgxftjbjstzxjs gc xjogaonknftnga tgrfxds+ na }fxtnozkfx+ rlntj Fcxnefajxs

sjj+ agtfhk~+ lns naokzsnga gc tlj Sx~ljndscxgat ]kzs na tlj Ofhnajt fad

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49/49

Cnafkk~+ tlj hxnjc lnstgx~ gc tlj Yz`f jxf sg cfx xj`nads zs tlft tlj

FAO ns kfxbjx tlfa @hjen! Lns dj}fxtzxj lfs dgaj agtlnab tg fxxjst

tlj }fxt~s fztlgxntfxnfa dxnjs gx ndjgkgbnofk dnnsngas! Cfx cxg` lfnab

tlj kfst rgxd ga tlj slf}j gc }gst-6>>4 _gztl Fcxnof @hjen fancjstk~

kjct zaxjsgkjd czadf`jatfk vzjstngas fhgzt tlj t~}j gc sgonjt~ _gztl

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Documents

Mbeki and After: Reflections on the Legacy of Thabo Mbeki