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7/24/2019 MB0050 Slides Unit 09
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Program : MBA
Semester : III
Subject Code : MB0050
Subject Name : Research Methodology
Unit Number : 9
Unit Title : Univariate and Bivariate Analysis
Lecture Number : 9
Lecture Title : Univariate and Bivariate Analysis
Book Id : B1700
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Univariate and BivariateAnalysis of Data
Objectives :
Distinguish between univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.
Differentiate between descriptive and inferential analysis.
Discuss the type of descriptive univariate analysis to be carried on
nominal ordinal, interval and ratio scale data.
Explain the descriptive analysis of bivariate data..
In this unit, we will concentrate on the descriptive analysis of
univariate and bivariate data.
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Lecture Outline
Introduction
Descriptive vs Inferential
Descriptive Analysis of Univariate Data
Descriptive Analysis of Bivariate Data
Summary
Check Your Learning
Activity
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Introduction
In a typical research study there may be a large number of
variables that the researcher needs to analyze. The analysis could
be univariate, bivariate and multivariate in nature.
In the univariate analysis, one variable is analysed at a time.
In bivariate analysis, two variables are analysed together and
examined for any possible association between them.
In multivariate analysis, the concern is to analyse more than two
variables at a time.
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Descriptive vs Inferential Analysis
In the descriptive analysis, we describe the sample whereas the
inferential analysis deals with generalizing the results as obtained
from the sample.
Descriptive Analysis:
Descriptive analysis refers to transformation of raw data into a form that will facilitate
easy understanding and interpretation.
Descriptive analysis deals with summary measures relating to the sample data.
- The type of descriptive analysis to be carried out depends on the measurement of
variables into four formsnominal, ordinal, interval and ratio.
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Descriptive Analysis for VariousLevels of Measurement
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Inferential Analysis
Under inferential statistics, inferences are drawn on population
parameters based on sample results.
The analysis is based on probability theory and a necessarycondition for carrying out inferential analysis is that the sampleshould be drawn at random.
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Descriptive Analysis of UnivariateData
The first step under univariate analysis is the preparation offrequency distributions of each variable.
The frequency distribution is the counting of, responses orobservations for each of the categories or codes assigned to avariable
Analysis of Nominal Scale Data with only One Possible Response :
Example: Gender of respondents in a survey research.
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Descriptive Analysis of UnivariateData
Table below shows both the raw frequency and the percentages
of responses for each category in case of the variable gender in a
sample of 414 respondents.
Gender of the respondents
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Descriptive Analysis of UnivariateData
Analysis of Nominal Scale Data with Multiple Category
Responses:
- If the question in the research study is multiple category question and theresponds are allowed to tick more than one choice, the percentage in such a casemay not add up to 100.
-The coding for the variable applications has been in binary form where values oneand zero are assigned. If the respondent uses a particular application, the value
assigned is 1, otherwise 0.
Analysis of Ordinal Scaled Questions:-There could always be some ordinal-scaled questions in the questionnaire. The question before
the researcher is how to tabulate and interpret the responses to such questions. The ordinal scale
data can be used for preparing a summarized rank order.
Measures of Central tendency:- There are three measures of central tendency that are used in researchmean,median and mode.
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Descriptive Analysis of BivariateData
Cross-tabulation:
A cross-tabulation counts the number of observations in each cross-category oftwo variables.
Correlation coefficient:
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Summary
Data analysis could be univariate, bivariate and multivariate.
Further, it could be descriptive or inferential.
The type of analysis depends upon the level of measurement i.e.
nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio.
The bivariate analysis of data is illustrated through cross-table and
correlation coefficient.
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Terminal Questions
1. Differentiate between descriptive and inferential analysis of data.
Ans: Descriptive analysis refers to transformation of raw data into aform that will facilitate easy understanding and interpretation. Under
inferential analysis, inferences are drawn on population parameter
based on sample results.
2. What are the various measures of central tendency?
Ans: There are three measures of central tendency that are used in
researchmean, median and mode.
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Activity
Visit an organization and select a sample each of 15 male and
female employees. Collect data on their salaries, number of years
of experience and the number of years of education. Carry out a
univariate analysis and compare the distributions of these
variables across gender.
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