Mayfield Publishing Company Weight Management Basics 55% of American adults are overweight 22% of American adults are obese One of the most serious

Mayfield Publishing Company

Weight Management BasicsWeight Management Basics

55% of American adults are 55% of American adults are overweightoverweight

22% of American adults are obese22% of American adults are obese One of the most serious and One of the most serious and

widespread challenges to health and widespread challenges to health and wellness in the United Stateswellness in the United States


Health Risks of ObesityHealth Risks of Obesity Major risk factor for Major risk factor for

heart diseaseheart disease Increased risk of CVD, Increased risk of CVD,

hypertension, hypertension, gallbladder disease, gallbladder disease, diabetesdiabetes

Associated with certain Associated with certain types of cancertypes of cancer

Complications in Complications in pregnancypregnancy

Respiratory problemsRespiratory problems Joint diseaseJoint disease

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Increased Risk of High Blood Pressure Increased Risk of High Blood Pressure During PregnancyDuring Pregnancy

_ First pregnancy in women under age 17 or First pregnancy in women under age 17 or over age 35. over age 35.

_ A family history of high blood pressure. A family history of high blood pressure. _ Pregnancy with twins or triplets. Pregnancy with twins or triplets. _ Poor diets during pregnancy.Poor diets during pregnancy. _ Overweight or obese. Overweight or obese. _ Smokers. Smokers. _ Other health problems, such as blood Other health problems, such as blood

vessel conditions, kidney disease, vessel conditions, kidney disease, diabetes, etc. diabetes, etc.


Factors Influencing ObesityFactors Influencing Obesity GeneticGenetic– genesgenes influence body size and influence body size and

shape, body fat distribution, and shape, body fat distribution, and metabolic ratemetabolic rate

Environmental Environmental – lifestyle choices lifestyle choices

Metabolism and energy balance Metabolism and energy balance – energy in (as food) versus energy energy in (as food) versus energy

out (resting metabolism, energy to out (resting metabolism, energy to digest food, physical activity)digest food, physical activity)


Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

RMR accounts for 55-75% RMR accounts for 55-75% of daily energy of daily energy expenditure expenditure

Affected by Affected by – heredity and environmentheredity and environment– gendergender– lifestylelifestyle

Exercise increases RMRExercise increases RMR


Other Explanations for OverweightOther Explanations for Overweight

Weight cyclingWeight cycling Restrained eating Restrained eating

leading to leading to overeating (binge overeating (binge eating)eating)

Psychological, Psychological, social, cultural social, cultural factorsfactors

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Changing Your Energy BalanceChanging Your Energy Balance

For weight loss, a negative calorie For weight loss, a negative calorie balance must be created by balance must be created by expending more calories than are expending more calories than are consumedconsumed

Increasing physical activity increases Increasing physical activity increases calories expendedcalories expended

Changing diet can decrease calories Changing diet can decrease calories consumedconsumed


Dietary Guidelines for Weight Dietary Guidelines for Weight ManagementManagement

Control consumption Control consumption of calories, fat, sugar, of calories, fat, sugar, proteinprotein

Monitor portion sizes Monitor portion sizes Increase intake of Increase intake of

complex carbohydratescomplex carbohydrates Develop regular eating Develop regular eating

habitshabits


Equal Calories Different PortionsEqual Calories Different Portions

_ 1 Scone (7¾ oz) 1 Scone (7¾ oz)

700 calories700 calories

_ 1½ oz (dry weight) 1½ oz (dry weight) oatmeal with peaches 170 oatmeal with peaches 170 calcal

_ English muffin with jam English muffin with jam 150 cal150 cal

_ Cherries 80 calCherries 80 cal_ Corn flakes with banana Corn flakes with banana

160 cal160 cal_ 2 slices light toast 2 slices light toast

w/marmalade 100 calw/marmalade 100 cal_ Orange & pineapple 40 calOrange & pineapple 40 cal

_ TOTAL = 700 TOTAL = 700 caloriescaloriesShapiro, H. M. (2000)


Equal Calories Different PortionsEqual Calories Different Portions

700 calories

700 caloriesSource: Dr. Shapiro’s Perfect Weight Loss (2000)


Lifestyle FactorsLifestyle Factors

Diet and eating habitsDiet and eating habits Physical activity and Physical activity and

exerciseexercise– regular physical activity regular physical activity

Thoughts and emotionsThoughts and emotions– positive self-imagepositive self-image

Coping strategies Coping strategies – dealing with the stresses dealing with the stresses

and challenges of lifeand challenges of life


Strategies for Weight Management Strategies for Weight Management

Doing it alone Doing it alone Diet books Diet books Diet aidsDiet aids Commercial Commercial

programsprograms Prescription Prescription

drugs drugs Surgery Surgery PsychotherapyPsychotherapy

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Body ImageBody Image

Picture of the body as seen Picture of the body as seen through the mind’s eyethrough the mind’s eye– Negative body image can Negative body image can

cause significant cause significant psychological distresspsychological distress

Eating disorders characterized Eating disorders characterized by dissatisfaction with body by dissatisfaction with body image and body weightimage and body weight– anorexia nervosaanorexia nervosa– bulimia nervosabulimia nervosa– binge-eating disorderbinge-eating disorder

Image source: http://www.about-face.org/

ad #564 from Gucci's "Sponsor Starving Models by Buying our Clothes" advertising campaign.


Anorexia NervosaAnorexia Nervosa

_ In January 1983 thirty-In January 1983 thirty-two-year-old singer two-year-old singer Karen Carpenter died Karen Carpenter died as a result of as a result of complications from complications from anorexia nervosa. Her anorexia nervosa. Her death made the eating death made the eating disorder well known to disorder well known to the American public.the American public.

http://www.hotshotdigital.com/tribute/KarenCarpenter.html


Bulimia NervosaBulimia Nervosa_ Purging Type: Individual regularly Purging Type: Individual regularly

engages in self-induced vomiting or engages in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to lose weightenemas to lose weight

_ Nonpurging Type: Individual uses Nonpurging Type: Individual uses compensatory behaviors, such as compensatory behaviors, such as fasting or excessive exercise, but is fasting or excessive exercise, but is not regularly engaged in self-not regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to lose weight.lose weight.

http://www.mentalhealth.com/


Bulimia FactsBulimia Facts_ Five million Americans suffer from eating Five million Americans suffer from eating

disorders.disorders._ Twenty-eight percent of bulimia cases are Twenty-eight percent of bulimia cases are

first diagnosed during dental first diagnosed during dental examinations.examinations.

_ Fifteen percent of young women have Fifteen percent of young women have substantially disordered eating attitudes substantially disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.and behaviors.

_ Two to three percent of adolescent women Two to three percent of adolescent women develop bulimia.develop bulimia.


Binge-Eating DisorderBinge-Eating Disorder

Individuals with serious binge eating Individuals with serious binge eating problems often problems often

_ feel their eating is out of control feel their eating is out of control _ eat what most people would think is eat what most people would think is

an unusually large amount of food an unusually large amount of food _ eat much more quickly than usual eat much more quickly than usual

during binge episodes eat until so full during binge episodes eat until so full they are uncomfortable they are uncomfortable


Binge-Eating DisorderBinge-Eating Disorder

_ eat large amounts of food, even when eat large amounts of food, even when they are not really hungry they are not really hungry

_ eat alone because they are eat alone because they are embarrassed about the amount of food embarrassed about the amount of food they eat they eat

_ feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty after overeating.after overeating.


Guidelines for Healthy Weight Guidelines for Healthy Weight ManagementManagement

Assess motivation and Assess motivation and commitmentcommitment

Set reasonable goalsSet reasonable goals Assess current energy Assess current energy

balancebalance Increase level of physical Increase level of physical

activityactivity Make changes in diet and Make changes in diet and

eating habitseating habits Put plan into actionPut plan into action

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Mayfield Publishing Company Weight Management Basics 55% of American adults are overweight 22% of American adults are obese One of the most serious