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doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: A Japanese Activity on 300-GHz CMOS TransmittersDate Submitted: 6 May 2017Source: Iwao Hosako, contributors of the research are listed in “Contributors” slideCompany: NICT, Hiroshima UniversityAddress 4-2-1, Nukuikita, Koganei, 184-8795, Tokyo, JapanVoice: + 81 42 327 6824, FAX: +81 42 327 6669 , E-Mail: [email protected]: []
Abstract: A 300GHz CMOS transmitters (TXs) in 40nm CMOS is presented. With the fmax being below 300GHz, it adopts a new PA-less QAM-capable architecture employing the “cubic mixer” and “square mixer”. The output powers of 300GHz CMOS TXs by cubic-mixer- and square-mixer-last architectures are −14.5 and −5.5 dBm, and the data rates of them demonstrate 17.5Gb/s/ch 16QAM transmission over 6 channels and 105Gb/s 32QAM transmission over a single channel, respectively. Purpose: []Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Slide 1
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 2
IntroductionMay 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
• Purpose of this talk is to introduce a Japanese activity on 300-GHz silicon CMOS transmitters and their wireless demonstrations.
• The introduced work was performed by contributors listed in the next slide and financially supported by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 3
List of Contributors Kyoya Takano (Hiroshima University) Kosuke Katayama (Hiroshima University) Ruibing Dong (Hiroshima University) Shuhei Amakawa (Hiroshima University) Takeshi Yoshida (Hiroshima University) Minoru Fujishima (Hiroshima University) Shinsuke Hara (NICT) Akifumi Kasamatsu (NICT)
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 4
OutlineMay 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
• Background of 300GHz wireless communication
• 300GHz CMOS TXs • 300GHz CMOS TX by cubic-mixer-last architecture
[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016• 300GHz CMOS TX by square-mixer-last architecture
[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017
• Performance comparison
• Wireless demonstration of the 300GHz CMOS TXs
• Conclusion
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 5
OutlineMay 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
• Background of 300GHz wireless communication
• 300GHz CMOS TXs • 300GHz CMOS TX by cubic-mixer-last architecture
[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016• 300GHz CMOS TX by square-mixer-last architecture
[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017
• Performance comparison
• Wireless demonstration of the 300GHz CMOS TXs
• Conclusion
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 6
Atmospheric window and frequency allocation above 175 GHz
https://www.ntia.doc.gov/page/2011/united-states-frequency-allocation-chart
Vast unallocated frequency band lying above 275GHz
NICT Amaterasu:https://smiles-p6.nict.go.jp/thz/jp/decay.html,
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330
Atm
osph
eric
loss
(dB/
km)
Frequency [GHz]300
Atmospheric window
325183 200 250
Allocated Unallocated
300275
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 7
Possible applications of 300GHz wireless communication
Ultrahigh-speed wireless communications8K broadcasting
THz communication with super computer in outer space
THz communication withcold storage center on outer space
Enormous potential for THz wireless communication
M. Fujishima, Keysight world 2016 Tokyo (14 June, 2016)
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 8
300GHz CMOS transmitters (TXs)May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
QAM-capable 300GHz CMOS TX with 17.5Gb/s/ch [1]
300GHz CMOS TX over 100Gb/s [2]
(~10GHz) (~100GHz)
(~300GHz)
Ref. [1] RF (~300GHz)
Tripler
Double-rat-race
Rat-race balun
Square mixer
Quasi-SSB mixer
Ref. [2]
IF (~10GHz)
LO(~50GHz)
in 40nm CMOS ( fmax: ~280GHz)
[1] K. Katayama, K. Takano, S. Amakawa, S. Hara, A. Kasamatsu, K. Mizuno, K. Takahashi, T.Yoshida, M. Fujishima, “A 300GHz 40nm CMOS Transmitter with 32-QAM 17.5Gb/s/ch Capabilityover 6 Channels,” Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC2016), pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.[2] K. Takano, S. Amakawa, K. Katayama, S. Hara, R. Dong, A. Kasamatsu, I. Hosako, K.Mizuno, K. Takahashi, T. Yoshida, M. Fujishima, “A 105Gb/s 300GHz CMOS Transmitter,” Int.Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC2017), pp. 308–309, Feb. 2017.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 9
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
QAM-capable 300GHz CMOS TX with 17.5Gb/s/ch [1]
300GHz CMOS TX over 100Gb/s [2]
Unallocated
275 305GHz1
30GHz
2 3 4 5 6Unallocated
275 313GHz
23GHz
1290
32QAM 3.5Gbaud → 17.5Gb/s/ch (×6) 32QAM 21Gbaud → 105Gb/s
(~10GHz) (~100GHz)
(~300GHz)Ref. [1]
(~10GHz) (~100GHz)
(~300GHz)
Ref. [1]
300GHz CMOS transmitters (TXs)
RF (~300GHz)
Tripler
Double-rat-race
Rat-race balun
Square mixer
Quasi-SSB mixer
Ref. [2]
IF (~10GHz)
LO(~50GHz)
in 40nm CMOS ( fmax: ~280GHz)
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 10
OutlineMay 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
• Background of 300GHz wireless communication
• 300GHz CMOS TXs • 300GHz CMOS TX by cubic-mixer-last architecture
[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016• 300GHz CMOS TX by square-mixer-last architecture
[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017
• Performance comparison
• Wireless demonstration of the 300GHz CMOS TXs
• Conclusion
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 11
THz transmitters (TXs): State of the art
LO
BB / IF
BB / IF
Multiplier
THz TX Architecture
RF
RF
Spectrum QPSK
Power Amp.
LO
x 2 or 3RF (spread)
2 or 3 x LO
RF
LO
16QAM
Case of “x 3”IF Amp.
fMAX > RF→ III-V
PA-last
Multiplier-last
TXs architecture depends on transistor fmaxfmax : Unity-power-gain frequency
High powerQAM-capable
fMAX < RF→ CMOS
Low powerQAM-incapable
BB / IFMixer-last Low powerQAM-capable
RF
LO LOfMAX < RF→ CMOS
RF
Complicatedlayout
[1] K. Katayama, et al. ISSCC2016, pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 12
THz transmitters (TXs): State of the art
LO
BB / IF
BB / IF
Multiplier
THz TX Architecture
RF
RF
Spectrum QPSK
Power Amp.
LO
x 2 or 3RF (spread)
2 or 3 x LO
RF
LO
16QAM
Case of “x 3”IF Amp.
fMAX > RF→ III-V
PA-last
Multiplier-last
TXs architecture depends on transistor fmaxfmax : Unity-power-gain frequency
High powerQAM-capable
fMAX < RF→ CMOS
Low powerQAM-incapable
BB / IFMixer-last Low powerQAM-capable
RF
LO LOfMAX < RF→ CMOS
RF
Complicatedlayout
Technical challenges300GHz PA-less TX in CMOS operating beyond fmax, QAM-capalibility for high data-rates Without undue layout complication
[1] K. Katayama, et al. ISSCC2016, pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 13
Design
ISSCC2016
IF1
LO
IF Mixer
RF
IF2
LOleak
Cubic-mixer-last architecture (ISSCC2016)
Cubic mixer is essentially a tripler It receives superposition of IF2 (modulated) and LO (pure)
Cubic MixerIF Mixer
~300GHz~100 GHzfmax: ~280GHz
LOleak RF
Cubic MixerIF2
[1] K. Katayama, et al. ISSCC2016, pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 14
Power spectra and signal constellationsR
F po
wer
(dBm
/MH
z)−20
−80
−40
−60
270 280 290 300 310
CH1 CH3 CH5CH2 CH4 CH6
Unallocated
275 305GHz1
30GHz
2 3 4 5 6
32QAM 3.5Gbaud → 17.5Gb/s/ch (×6)
32QAM
[1] K. Katayama, et al. ISSCC2016, pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
Channel CH1 CH2 CH3Constellation(Equalized)
EVM 8.9%rms 4.8%rms 7.0%rmsData-rate 17.5Gb/s 17.5Gb/s 17.5Gb/sChannel CH4 CH5 CH6
Constellation(Equalized)
EVM 7.1%rms 6.4%rms 5.9%rmsData rate 17.5Gb/s 17.5Gb/s 17.5Gb/s
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 15
Power spectra and signal constellations
Aggregate data-rate reaches 105Gb/s
32QAM
[1] K. Katayama, et al. ISSCC2016, pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 16
OutlineMay 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
• Background of 300GHz wireless communication
• 300GHz CMOS TXs • 300GHz CMOS TX by cubic-mixer-last architecture
[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016• 300GHz CMOS TX by square-mixer-last architecture
[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017
• Performance comparison
• Wireless demonstration of the 300GHz CMOS TXs
• Conclusion
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 17
Design
ISSCC2017
Square mixer + quasi-SSB mixer (ISSCC2017)
Square mixer is essentially a doubler Quasi-SSB mixer includes filters for image suppression
Square Mixer RF
IF2LOleak
Square mixerQuasi-SSB mixer
Quasi-SSB Mixer
IFRF
IF
LO LO
fmax: ~280GHz ~300GHz~150GHzLO leak
cancellationImage
suppression
IF2
IF2
[2] K. Takano, et al. ISSCC2017, pp. 308–309, Feb. 2017.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 18
-70
-60
-50
-40
Pow
er (d
Bm
)
−40
−50
−70
Pow
er (d
Bm) 32QAM
−60Image
RF
-70
-60
-50
-40
265 275 285 295 305 315
Pow
er (d
Bm)
Frequency (GHz)
−40
−50
−60
Pow
er (d
Bm)
275 285 295 305 315Frequency (GHz)
265−70
128QAMCH1 CH6
ImagesLO leak < Noise floor
Power spectra and signal constellations
275 285 295 305 315Frequency (GHz)
265
Unallocated
275 314GHz
27GHz
1287
2 3 4 5 6Unallocated
275 313GHz
23GHz1
29032QAM 21Gbaud → 105Gb/s 128QAM 3.52Gbaud → 24.6Gb/s/ch(×6)
[2] K. Takano, et al. ISSCC2017, pp. 308–309, Feb. 2017.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 19
32QAM
8.9%105Gb/s
Modulation
EVMData rate
Constellation(Equalized)
128QAM
3.3 ~ 4.1%24.64Gb/s x6
Modulation
EVMData rate
Constellation(Equalized)
Power spectra and signal constellations
[2] K. Takano, et al. ISSCC2017, pp. 308–309, Feb. 2017.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 20
OutlineMay 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
• Background of 300GHz wireless communication
• 300GHz CMOS TXs • 300GHz CMOS TX by cubic-mixer-last architecture
[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016• 300GHz CMOS TX by square-mixer-last architecture
[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017
• Performance comparison
• Wireless demonstration of the 300GHz CMOS TXs
• Conclusion
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 21
Performance comparison[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Technology 40nm CMOS 40nm CMOS 250nm
InP35nm GaAs
35nm GaAs
0.13µmSiGe
Freq. (GHz) 300 302 289−311 300 240 300 240Modulation 16QAM 32QAM 128QAM QPSK 8PSK QPSK 64QAMPout (dBm) −14.5 −5.5 − −3.5 −4 7
Pdc (W) 1.4 1.4 − − − 0.54Data rate
(Gb/s) 28 105 24.64 x 6 50 96 64 1.02
[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016.[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017.[3] Song et al., TMTT, 2014.
[4] Boes et al., IRMMW-THz, 2014.[5] Kallfass et al., IEICE Trans., 2015.[6] Sarmah et al., TMTT, 2016..
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 22
OutlineMay 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
• Background of 300GHz wireless communication
• 300GHz CMOS TXs • 300GHz CMOS TX by cubic-mixer-last architecture
[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016• 300GHz CMOS TX by square-mixer-last architecture
[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017
• Performance comparison
• Wireless demonstration of the 300GHz CMOS TXs
• Conclusion
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission
May 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICTSlide 23
Wireless demonstration
300GHz CMOS TXby square-mixer-last-architecture
300GHz CMOS TXby cubic-mixer-last-architecture
Ref. [1] Ref. [2]
Video Contents
[1] K. Katayama, et al. ISSCC2016, pp. 342–343, Feb. 2016.[2] K. Takano, et al. ISSCC2017, pp. 308–309, Feb. 2017.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 24
OutlineMay 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
• Background of 300GHz wireless communication
• 300GHz CMOS TXs • 300GHz CMOS TX by cubic-mixer-last architecture
[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016• 300GHz CMOS TX by square-mixer-last architecture
[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017
• Performance comparison
• Wireless demonstration of the 300GHz CMOS TXs
• Conclusion
doc.: IEEE 802.15-17-0269-00-0thz
Submission Slide 25
ConclusionMay 2017
Iwao Hosako, NICT
• A Japanese activity on 300-GHz silicon CMOS transmitters and their wireless demonstrations were introduced.
• QAM-capable 300GHz TXs in 40-nm CMOS operating beyond fmax were reported.• cubic-mixer-last architecture
[1] K. Katayama et al., ISSCC2016.
• square-mixer-last architecture[2] K. Takano et al., ISSCC2017.
• For realizing 300GHz wireless communication, Si CMOS is one of possible technology.