Maximizing the benefits of AMR for theft detection through ... found some budget hotels consuming 200 units per A/C room per month.. If found low, We check on key parameters Room Tariff

Maximizing the benefits of AMR

for theft detection through Data

Analytics

Rajesh M Bansal

Metering systems & meter data

management

� BSES Delhi distributes electricity for almost 2/3rd of Delhi population.

� In a span of five years AT&C losses were reduced drastically by more than 20 %.

� Reduction of AT&C loss in Delhi owes to having right metering & data management strategies.

� Enablers –� Right metering system� Downloads of meter data thru’ hand held MRI & AMR� Analysis of downloaded data

AMR Systems in BSES Delhi

� BSES has installed AMR modems for all premium consumers .

� Presently 15,000 consumers are covered through AMR .

� Plan to further extend AMR to 0.1 Million consumers � AMR helped BSES in

� Add value by reduction in operating cost� Detect & control theft in premium segment.

� Critical requirement – Data analytics

Data analytics - Process

� This initiative was undertaken at Delhi, with the strategic intent of providing inputs on potential cases of theft to the Enforcement teams

� This initiative has been identified as one of the key drivers for AT&C loss reduction .

� Key Drivers

� Tamper Analysis

� Consumption Analysis

� Billing Database Analysis

� Secondary database Analysis

Data analytics Data analytics -- ProcessProcess

� Around 0.1 Million consumers in the premium segment & high value segment were physically surveyed on following parameters.

� Activity of the consumer (Industrial/ commercial activity etc)� Operating hours� Premise type /area etc.

� All meters Including Single Phase are downloaded through AMR/ CMRI.

� Downloaded meter data are analyzed through in-house developed software & the surveyed data to detect anomalies

Tamper analysisTamper analysis

� Tampers result in under recording of energy

� Various circuits inside the meter or wiring at the terminal box is manipulated

� Current circuit

� voltage circuit or

� Switching off power supply (SMPS)

� Tampers logged by meter along with load profile is analyzed to identify theft

Types Of TamperTypes Of Tamper

� Voltage Circuit tamper

� This is easily detectable

� Power supply switched off

� To check if there are periods of Power supply failure logged by meter beyond supply failure

� Current circuit tamper

� This is the trickiest one to detect due to issue of false alarms

� Load imbalance

� Certain current circuit tampers are not detected at times.

� Load imbalance comes handy at these times

Remote Operated RelaysRemote Operated Relays

� A very common methodology in Delhi

� This may not be detected when we check consumption using Accucheck

� Remote circuits are used in following ways:

� For opening or bypassing current circuit

� For altering voltage circuit

� For switching on and off power supply

� Can be detected from study of tamper events / load profile and instantaneous parameters

Remote operated relay - Photo

Electrostatic discharge (ESD)

� This is a novel method used to manipulate the electronic meters.

� When subjected to ESD , meter would get into sleep mode till the time it is waken up by a power supply interruption.

� We have identified symptoms in the data stored in the meter through which we detect such cases.

Consumption Analysis: Key FocusConsumption Analysis: Key Focus

� Surveyed consumers contributing to 60 % of company’s revenue

� Nature of Activity

� Collected information to calculate their consumption

� Establishing benchmarks for different commercial / industry segments.

� Examples:

� Commercial Categories

� Fast Food joint: 10 units per month per Sq Ft

� Shopping Malls: 3.5 to 4.5 units per month per Sq Ft

Case Study: Hotels

� Hotels nailed based on Consumption Analysis

� We found some budget hotels consuming 200 units per A/C room per month..

� If found low, We check on key parameters

� Room Tariff rate

� Occupancy� Effectiveness of cooling in each case

� Ambience

� Facilities offered

� We could book more than 20 economy hotels for theft

Case Study: CNG PumpsCase Study: CNG Pumps

� Complete list of CNG outlets was taken up for Analysis from Secondary Source

� Many CNG outlets in Delhi consume 10,000 units (monthly). While CNG outlets in Mumbai typically consume upwards of 50,000 units

� This led us to infer that “Most CNG outlets were involved in theft”

� But our inference went wrong as most of the CNG outlets in Delhi operate on gas turbines.

� We decided to continue our drive for those CNG pumps that had not shifted to Gas Turbines.

� Subsequently we could book four CNG outlets.

Database Query Logic Database Query Logic -- ExamplesExamples

� Units Consumed (Monthly) / Maximum Demand Recorded

� Units Consumed (Monthly) / Sanctioned Load is another parameter on which we can analyze

� Often this is due to premise not being used

� Residential load greater than

� 15 KWatts in low income locations or > 30 KWatts at any location

� Above will be suspect for tariff misuse

� Faulty / Burnt meters that have been replaced

� Drop in consumption

Effectiveness of Database Queries

� Querying database has proved to be effective in analyzing mass segment consumers.

� Intelligent use of few queries resulted in opening a large bucket of tampered meters in mass segment (Single phase meters).

� Thousands of tampered single phase meters have been identified.

� The hit rate in this segment ranges from 50% to 80% depending on the logics used. (i.e. 5 to 8 cases were found to have tampered of the 10 cases investigated based on these logics).

Secondary database query

� Secondary data collected from various sources.

� The data available in the secondary data are reconciled in billing database to conclude unbilled cases.

� For example , through internet sites of Reserve bank of India & all other banks operating in India, list of all bank branches operating in our service area was obtained.

� This list was reconciled with the billing database to confirm that all bank branches were being billed.

� To our surprise we found around 1% of the bank branches were not in the billing net.

Removed meter analysis at lab

� Another process which helped in improving the data analytics is analysis of meters removed from site at the Meter testing lab.

� Deliverables of this analysis at lab.� Detect new types of tampers & impact of tamper

on meters’ data.� Ascertain reason for failure to improve

specification parameters/ Quality of the meters.� Retrieve not readable meter data for billing

Feeder to Transformer Reports

( Feeders with HT Consumers & SPDs)

Analysis using HV Energy Audit Reports

Definition of Gap

Gap = {Sum ( Input Energy from 11 kV Feeder)- Sum (DT + HT + SPD + HVDS Energy) of Feeder Network

Gap % = {Gap / Sum(11 kV Input Energy )}*100

Gap is taken for a study period where network changes has not happened

Study Period is preferred Minimum for one week


Methodology


Grid Substation

11 kV Feeder Feeding to DTs and HT Consumers

M2

M1

M3

M4HT

Consumer

DT 1

DT 2

M2

M1

0.203339273945277284O/G TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

Nehru Place

2

0.23408175374175782S/S NO. 6 OKHLA PH-III

Nehru Place

1

Gap (%)Gap (Units)Sum ofDT/HTEnergy

FeederEnergy

Feeder NameDivisionS.

No.

Summary of Feeder to DT + HT Reports

Observations 1 : Feeders with acceptable Gap, Sample Cases


Feeder & (DT+HT) Energy CurvesFeeder : SS No 6, Okh Ph III

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

17-J

ul

0:00

17-J

ul

12:0

0

18-J

ul

0:00

18-J

ul

12:0

0

19-J

ul

0:00

19-J

ul

12:0

0

20-J

ul

0:00

20-J

ul

12:0

0

21-J

ul

0:00

21-J

ul

12:0

0

22-J

ul

0:00

Load

(K

W)

Study Period 17 July to 22 July

Feeders input -1,75,782DT Energy -1,70,974, HT Energy –4,399 Total –1,75,373

Gap (0.23%), Unit Gap (408)

Observations 1 : Feeders with acceptable Gap, Load Curves


Feeder & (DT+HT) Energy CurvesFeeder : Telephone Exchange

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

01-J

ul 0

0:00

01-J

ul 1

2:00

02-J

ul 0

0:00

02-J

ul 1

2:00

03-J

ul 0

0:00

03-J

ul 1

2:00

04-J

ul 0

0:00

04-J

ul 1

2:00

05-J

ul 0

0:00

05-J

ul 1

2:00

06-J

ul 0

0:00

06-J

ul 1

2:00

07-J

ul 0

0:00

07-J

ul 1

2:00

08-J

ul 0

0:00

08-J

ul 1

2:00

Loa

d (K

W)

FEEDER ENERGY

DT-HT ENERGYStudy Period 1 July to 8 July

Feeders input -2,77,284DT Energy -1,10,736, HT Energy –1,63,207, Total -2,73,944

Gap (1.2%) Unit Gap (339)

Observations 1 : Feeders with acceptable Gap, Load Curves


39.825179778277130074O/G S/STN-5 NHP Nehru Place

1

8.4412824139197152022O/G BLDG NO 37

NHPNehru Place

2

Gap (%)Gap

(Units)

Sum ofDT/HTEnergy

FeederEnergy

Feeder NameDivisionS.

No.

Summary of Feeder to DT + HT Reports

Observations 2 : Feeders with Un-acceptable Gap, Sample Cases


A. O/G S/STN-5 NHP - HT (1) + DT (2)Gap ( 39.82%) Units Gap (51797)HT Consumer 1 – Y1

B. O/G BLDG NO 37 NHP- HT (2) + DT (5) – Gap ( 8.44%) Units Gap (12824)HT Consumer 1 – Y2HT Consumer 2 – Y3

Observations 2 : Feeders with Un-acceptable Gap, Details


Load Balance Report

Feeder : X 3, Study Period: 1st July'07 to 15th July'07

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

01/0

7/20

07 0

:30

01/0

7/20

07 1

3:00

02/0

7/20

07 1

:30

02/0

7/20

07 1

4:00

03/0

7/20

07 2

:30

03/0

7/20

07 1

5:00

04/0

7/20

07 3

:30

04/0

7/20

07 1

6:00

05/0

7/20

07 4

:30

05/0

7/20

07 1

7:00

06/0

7/20

07 5

:30

06/0

7/20

07 1

8:00

07/0

7/20

07 6

:30

07/0

7/20

07 1

9:00

08/0

7/20

07 7

:30

08/0

7/20

07 2

0:00

09/0

7/20

07 8

:30

09/0

7/20

07 2

1:00

10/0

7/20

07 9

:30

10/0

7/20

07 2

2:00

11/0

7/20

07 1

0:30

11/0

7/20

07 2

3:00

12/0

7/20

07 1

1:30

13/0

7/20

07 0

:00

13/0

7/20

07 1

2:30

14/0

7/20

07 1

:00

DATE & TIME

KW

Feeder Energy

DT & HT Energy

Feeders input –1,30,074DT Energy - 45,377, HT Energy–32,900, Total – 78,277

Gap (39.82 % ), Unit Gap (51,797)


Observations 2 : Feeders with Un-acceptable Gap, Load Curves


Feeder & (DT+HT) Energy CurvesFeeder :Bldg. No. 37 Nehru Place

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

01-J

ul 0

0:30

01-J

ul 1

2:30

02-J

ul 0

0:30

02-J

ul 1

2:30

03-J

ul 0

0:30

03-J

ul 1

2:30

04-J

ul 0

0:30

04-J

ul 1

2:30

05-J

ul 0

0:30

05-J

ul 1

2:30

06-J

ul 0

0:30

06-J

ul 1

2:30

07-J

ul 0

0:30

07-J

ul 1

2:30

08-J

ul 0

0:30

Load

(KW

)

Feeder Energy

DT & HT Energy


Feeders input –1,52,022DT Energy - 1,10,377, HT Energy–28,820, Total –1,39,197

Gap (8.44%), Unit Gap (12,824)

Observations 2 : Feeders with Un-acceptable Gap, Load Curves


Comparison With conventional Method of MeteringInstallation Testing

Cost of Metering installation Testing = INR 8000/- per Consumer(Unit)

Out put = 2 -3 Installation per day

Cost of AMR system & Analysis = INR 6000/-

Reporting = 1000 – 1200 Consumer Per Month


Future plans

� Few pockets in Delhi supply area are prone to direct theft even at high value consumers segment.

� Catching direct theft red handed is critical to establish a theft case in court of law.

� AMR will help in cracking this.� Plan to install intelligent modem based AMR-SMS

communication system at consumer’s end.� Working closely with the meter vendors’ to provide

few additional features.

BSES Yamuna

61.88

54.29

39.03

43.88

50.12

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

Attained Incentive Bid

AT&C Loss Reduction Performance

(FY 2002-03 to FY 2006-07)

BSES Rajdhani

29.92

35.53

40.64

45.0647.40

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07


Year

analytics

initiative was

started

BSES Yamuna

61.88

54.29

39.03

43.88

50.12

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07


AT&C Loss Reduction Performance

(FY 2002-03 to FY 2006-07)

BSES Rajdhani

29.92

35.53

40.64

45.0647.40

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07


Year O7~08 ,

in BYPL

expected

reduction is

10%

Our Analytics team is thankful to

� Communication service providers� Modem vendors� Energy audit consultants� Energy meter vendors

Thanks

Documents

Maximizing the benefits of AMR for theft detection through ... found some budget hotels consuming 200 units per A/C room per month.. If found low, We check on key parameters Room Tariff