Matter Study Guide

www.middleschoolscience.com 2008

•Anything that has a mass and a volume

Close up view of atoms and their behavior

Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

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States of Matter

SolidsParticles of solids are tightly

packed, vibrating about a fixed position.

Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.

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States of Matter

Solids

Particle Movement Examples

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States of Matter

LiquidsParticles of liquids are tightly

packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.

Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

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States of Matter Liquids

Particle Movement Examples

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States of Matter

GasesParticles of gases are very far apart and

move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an

indefinite volume.

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Gases

Particle Movement Examples

States of Matter

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States of MatterPlasma

A plasma is an ionized gas.

A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by

magnetic fields.

Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite

volume.

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States of Matter

PlasmaParticles

The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).

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States of Matter

PlasmaExamples

•Changing from one state to another is a Physical Change.

•If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• The building blocks of Matter• Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N).

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Elements• Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means• Can exist as either atoms or molecules.

• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. • In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .

Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

• Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.

• Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically.

In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Compounds

• They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.

• Can be separated physically.

• Solutions are also mixtures.

• The substances are not uniformly mixed.

• Example: Sand in a glass of water.Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.

• Uniform Distribution.• Example: Sugar and Water

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• The substance to be dissolved.

• The one doing the dissolving.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

•Concentrated – strong Concentrated – strong examples; frozen orange juice in a examples; frozen orange juice in a can, laundry detergent, powdered can, laundry detergent, powdered milk, can of sodamilk, can of soda

•Diluted – weakDiluted – weak examples; orange juice mixed in jug examples; orange juice mixed in jug with water, powdered milk mixed with with water, powdered milk mixed with water, soda in melted icewater, soda in melted ice

Concentration of Solutions

• Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye.

Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

• Substances will settle over time.

• Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions .

• Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.