Matter & Particle Theory

Matter & Particle TheoryGrade 9 Science Notre Dame College School

John Dalton the guy who came up with particle theoryAgendaWhat is matterThe Particle TheoryMixtures vs. Pure SubstancesMixturesHetrogeneous MixturesSolutionHomogeneous MixturesMechanical MixtureSuspensionSolutionPure SubstancesElementsCompounds

What is Matter?Matter is anything that contains mass & volume (takes up space)Energy, such as light, heat, and sound, is NOT matter

ITS ALL MATTER!The Particle Theory of MatterThis describes the way to describe the structure and behaviour of matter.There are 4 principals of the particle theory written by a chemist named John Dalton.Think About it!Look at a piece of chalk If you broke a piece of chalk in half, would it still look like and behave like chalk?How small of pieces would you have to break a piece of chalk so that it isnt chalk anymore is that even possible? The answer is YES, because the smallest pieces of chalk are made up of particles and the particle theory explains how this works!

The Particle Theory of Matter1.All Matter is made up of very tiny objects called particles.These particles are VERY tiny too small to be seen with any regular light microscope

The Particle Theory of Matter2. All Particles have spaces between them.These size of these spaces determine the state of the matter

The Particle Theory of Matter3.Particles present in matter are always in motion.In a solid, they vibrate togetherIn a liquid, they stay close together but slide along each otherIn a gas, they bounce and move in all directions!The Particle Theory of Matter4.The particles in a substance attract each other.The degree that particles are attracted to each other is different in difference substances,

Take a guess!Which substance do you think has the strongest attractions? Which has the weakest?IronWaterOxygen

The Particle Theory of MatterRecap: Here they are all againAll Matter is made up of very tiny objects called particles.All Particles have spaces between them.Particles present in matter are always in motion.The particles in a substance attract each other.

Pure Substances vs. MixturesAll matter can be divided into two big categories: PURE SUBSTANCES and MIXTURES.Pure substances are made up of one type of element or compoundMixtures are a combination of pure substances (2 or more types of particles)

VersusPure SubstancesPure substances are made up of only ONE type of particlePure substances are in the form of either elements or compounds.ElementsElements are the smallest and Purest forms of particlesThey cannot be broken down further by ordinary means (such as simple reactions, heat, or electricity)They are only made up of one type of atom (one type of particleExamples are Oxygen, Calcium, Iron, Carbon and Helium

Compounds

Water is a molecule because it is made out of two types of atoms (oxygen and hydrogen)OxygenHydrogenHydrogen

Water is a compound because it has many molecules of one type (H2O = Water)

A compound is made up of only one type of particle, Called a moleculeCompounds are made up of many molecules that are held together by chemical bonds!

MixturesA mixture is a combination of two or more different substances (different types of particles).Mixtures can be divided into 2 big categories:Heterogeneous MixturesHomogeneous Mixtures

Heterogeneous MixturesMade up of two or more particles where the different particles are easy to see and separate.

Can be divided into two categories:Mechanical mixturesSuspensions

An Oreo cookie is a heterogeneous mixtureMechanical MixturesParticles that are in the same container but can be easily separated.Made up of several distinct parts

A lasagne, parfait, and a cookie are both examples of mechanical mixturesTHINK ABOUT IT!What are some of the parts of these mechanical mixtures?

SuspensionsSmall particles of one substance float in another substance

Salad Dressing, glittery nail polish, and yogurt are examples of suspensions

Homogeneous MixturesA homogenous mixture occurs when 2 or more particles blend together and cannot be seen separatelySolutions are homogeneous mixtures!

Solutions

A mixture of 2 or more things where one substance dissolvesKool-Aid and tea are solutions because you cannot see the flour crystals floating in the kool-aid, and you cannot see the tea floating in the tea when the bag is removedKool-Aid and tea are examples of solutions