Classification of Matter

Matter is classified intoPure substances- a type of matter that has fixed composition. Further classified into

Elements and compoundsMixtures- a material made up of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means. Do not have fixed composition .

Pure substancesElements- A substance that has all the

same kind of atoms in it is an element. The periodic table is the list of all the elements. Example- copper wire has all Cu atoms in it. The elements are represented by a symbol.

Compounds- A substance in which the atoms of two or more elements are combined in fixed proportion. They can be represented by a formula. Example- H2O (water) is compound 2 H atoms combine with 1 O atom. CaCO3(chalk- calcium carbonate).

MixturesHeterogeneous Mixtures- A mixture in

which different materials can be distinguished easily. Example- pizza, salad, granite, concrete.

Homogeneous Mixtures- A mixture contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout. Particles are so small that they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of the container. Example- soft drink, sugar dissolved in water

ColloidsA type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solution but not heavy to settle out.

Example- milk , fog , paint, smoke, gelatin

Tyndall EffectIt is a test to distinguish between

solutions and colloids.A light of beam is invisible as it passes

through a solution but can be seen easily as it passes through a colloid.

This occurs because the particles in the colloid are larger enough to scatter light but those in solution are not.

Suspensions It is a heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle.

example- muddy pond water- mud settles at the bottom