MatterMatter

Has mass and takes up spaceHas mass and takes up space

ElementsElements

If all the atoms in a substance are alike then it If all the atoms in a substance are alike then it is an element.is an element. Ex. Copper coating of most pennies. All the atoms Ex. Copper coating of most pennies. All the atoms

are copper.are copper. Ex. The metal substance beneath the copper in the Ex. The metal substance beneath the copper in the

penny is another element called zinc.penny is another element called zinc. There are 90 elements found in nature.There are 90 elements found in nature.

CompoundsCompounds

Two or more elements can combine to form Two or more elements can combine to form substances called compounds.substances called compounds. Ex. Water is a compound where two atoms of the Ex. Water is a compound where two atoms of the

element hydrogen combine with one atom of element hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen (H2O).oxygen (H2O).

Ex. Table salt (sodium chloride) is a compound of Ex. Table salt (sodium chloride) is a compound of sodium, which is a metal, and chlorine, which is a sodium, which is a metal, and chlorine, which is a gas, but combine together to make salt. gas, but combine together to make salt.

Compounds usually look different from the Compounds usually look different from the elements in them.elements in them.

MixturesMixtures

A mixture is a material made up of two or A mixture is a material made up of two or more substances that con be easily seperated more substances that con be easily seperated by physical means.by physical means.

Heterogeneous MixtureHeterogeneous Mixture It is a mixture in which different materials can be It is a mixture in which different materials can be

distinguished easily.distinguished easily. Unlike compounds, mixtures do not always contain Unlike compounds, mixtures do not always contain

the same proportions of the substances that make the same proportions of the substances that make them up.them up. Ex. If you are making a pizza you don’t exactly measure Ex. If you are making a pizza you don’t exactly measure

how much of each topping is on each pizza.how much of each topping is on each pizza. Look at the labels in your clothes. Most clothing is made Look at the labels in your clothes. Most clothing is made

up of a mixture of different fibers. This is an example of a up of a mixture of different fibers. This is an example of a heterogeneous mixture.heterogeneous mixture.

An ingredient in a mixture might be a mixture in its self, An ingredient in a mixture might be a mixture in its self, like the cheese in the pizza.like the cheese in the pizza.

Homogeneous MixtureHomogeneous Mixture

It is a mixture that contains two or more gases, It is a mixture that contains two or more gases, liquids, or solid substance blended evenly liquids, or solid substance blended evenly throughout.throughout.

Another name for a homogenous mixture is a Another name for a homogenous mixture is a solution.solution. It is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small It is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small

that they connot be seen with a microscope and that they connot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container.will never settle to the bottom of their container.

Solutions remain constantly and uniformly mixed.Solutions remain constantly and uniformly mixed.

Colloid MixtureColloid Mixture

It is a type of mixture that never settles. Its It is a type of mixture that never settles. Its particles stay in place.particles stay in place. Ex. MilkEx. Milk

It contains water, fats, and proteins in different It contains water, fats, and proteins in different proportions, and also its components won’t proportions, and also its components won’t settle if left standing.settle if left standing.

How do you tell if it is a colloid instead of a How do you tell if it is a colloid instead of a solution?solution? By its appearance.By its appearance. You can pass a beam of light through a colloid and You can pass a beam of light through a colloid and

it should be very easily seen. Pg. 523it should be very easily seen. Pg. 523 This happens because the particles in the colloid are This happens because the particles in the colloid are

large enough to scatter light and the particles in the large enough to scatter light and the particles in the solution are not.solution are not.

This scattering of light is called the Tyndall effect.This scattering of light is called the Tyndall effect.

Suspension MixtureSuspension Mixture

It is a heterogeneous misture that contains a It is a heterogeneous misture that contains a liquid that has visible particles that settle.liquid that has visible particles that settle. Ex. Pond waterEx. Pond water

If you mix the water up and then let it settle the larger If you mix the water up and then let it settle the larger particles will fall to the bottom.particles will fall to the bottom.

Ex. Deltas Pg. 524Ex. Deltas Pg. 524