Matter 3.1 Matter What is matter?Anything that has .. and is called matter. If it does not have a mass and does not occupy space (example: heat, light and sound), it is not matter. 3.2 States of MatterWhat is matter made up of?1. Matter is made up of many very ..which they cannot be seen with naked eyes. 2. These particles are This means that they are completely separated from one another and there are spaces between them. 3. These particles always moving, either .., . or . Into one another depending on the state of the matter. 4. Matter can exist in .. states: , .. and The table below shows the differences between the three states of matter. StateSolidLiquidGas

ShapeHas a d.Takes the shape of its Take the .......shape of its container

VolumeHas a d..Has a dFills up its container

CompressibilityC be compressed C........ be compressed C be compressed

FlowageD flowFlow from a ..level to level Flows in direction

Arrangement of particles

Arranged very together in a regular pattern; very . space between particles

N arranged but particles are close together; .. space between particles

Particles are very . apart from one another; .. space between particles

Movement of particlesV.. in their fixed position Can g. and .. over one another Can move and ... into one another

ExampleSand, ironWater, oil Oxygen, air

5. Gas particles are very They move freely and colliding with one another at .. speeds. There is plenty of space between particles. This explains why a gas . be compressed. What is Brownian movement?1. Brownian movement refers to the movement that only takes place in and .. These particles are move in a motion in . Direction. Gases move at .. speeds compared to . 2. Brownian movement does not takes place in due to the closely packed of particles with create no spaces between particles. This explains why solids cannot .3. Example: A smoke cell can be used to show Brownian movement. Under microscope, the smoke cell particles look like a dots that and .. collide with air particles in a zig-zag manner.

Brownian movement Changing states of matter1. A material will change from one state to another at specific combination of and surrounding Typically, the pressure is at atmospheric pressure, therefore, . is the determining factor for the changes state of matter. 2. When the is applied to the material, it changes from solid to . to .. There are some exceptions where the material will go directly from a solid to a ..3. When a material is , it changes from to to .. There are some exceptions where the material will go directly from a .. to a

Changing states of matter3.3 Density What is density?1. Density of a substance is the mass per unit volume of substance.

2. The unit for density is gram per cubic centimetre (..) or kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3). 3. The density is tell us how compact a substance is, which is how much matter is contained in one unit volume of substance. To measure the density of an object, we determine the its mass by using lever balance, and its volume using the .. method. The table below shows the density of several substances. SubstanceDensity (g/cm3)

Solid Cork 0.25

Glass 2.6

Iron 7.9

Copper 8.9

Silver 10.5

Lead 11.4

Liquid Petrol 0.75

Alcohol 0.8

Benzene 0.88

Water 1.0

Mercury 13.6

Gas Hydrogen 0.0001

Air 0.0012

Oxygen 0.0013

Questions1. A block of copper measuring 2 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm has a mass of 162 g. What is the density?

2. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. Find the mass of 50 cm3 of it.

3. The density of air is 1.3 kg/m3. What is the volume of 6.5 kg of air?

4. An irregularly-shaped sample of aluminum (Al) is put on a balance and found to have a mass of 43.6 g. The student decides to use the water-displacement method to find the volume. The initial volume reading is 25.5 mL and, after the Al sample is added, the water level has risen to 41.7 mL. Find the density of the Al sample in g/cm3. (Remember: 1 mL = 1 cm3.)

5. A golden-colored cube is handed to you. The person wants you to buy it for $100, saying that is a gold nugget. You measure the cube and find that it is 2 cm on each side, and weighs 40 g. What is its density? Is it gold? Should you buy it? (Given that the density of gold : 19.3 g/cm3)