MATH36032 Problem Solving by Computer

Publishable Quality Graphics

Which format of figures (images) do you know?

I Raster formats: png, jpeg, tiff, gif, bmp, ...

I Vector formats: svg, ...

I Container formats (for special graphicsoftwares): cpt (Corel Photo Paint), psd (AdobePhotoShop), psp (Corel Paint Shop Pro), xcf(GIMP), ...

Different formats for different usage: jpeg/jpg for photo; giffor animation; ...

Other differences: Lossy/lossless compression

Which format of figures (images) do you know?

I Raster formats: png, jpeg, tiff, gif, bmp, ...

I Vector formats: svg, ...

I Container formats (for special graphicsoftwares): cpt (Corel Photo Paint), psd (AdobePhotoShop), psp (Corel Paint Shop Pro), xcf(GIMP), ...

Different formats for different usage: jpeg/jpg for photo; giffor animation; ...

Other differences: Lossy/lossless compression

Raster Image vs Vector Image

Any difference between the two logos? (keep on zooming in)

Use vector images (eps,svg,...) whenever possible!

Exporting jpg directly from MATLAB

x = linspace(0,5,101);plot(x,erf(x),x,airy(−5*x))% Save as "jpg" figure

What could be improved for this figure?

The improved figure

0 1 2 3 4 5−0.5

−0.25

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

x

f(x)

Error FunctionAiry Function

More points for ”Airy Function”; increase line width; betterresolution; less ticks in horizontal axis(?); extend the vertical axis(above one); legend explaining the curves; different styles for thetwo functions; ...

Compare them together

0 1 2 3 4 5−0.5

−0.25

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

xf(

x)

Error FunctionAiry Function

Know the names first ...

0 1 2 3 4 5−0.5

−0.25

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

x

f(x)

<− xlabel

XTick

legend

Error FunctionAiry Function

Default setting and its improvement

I Narrow line width?plot( ..., ’Linewidth’,2)

I Small font size? (gca : get current axis)set(gca,’fontsize’,18);

I Axis labelxlabel(’x’,’fontsize’,14,’fontname’,’times

roman’)

I Axis Tickset(gca,’XTick’,0:1:5)

I More complicated legend?lg = legend(’Error Function’,’Airy Function’);

set(lg,’Position’,[0.48 0.75 0.45 0.1], ...

’box’,’off’);

Finally, save the right format (for Latex)

print -depsc2 myfig.eps % c for colorprint -deps2 myfig.eps % for black white

I Warning: What you see on screen may not exactly be theresulting eps or pdf file, need fine tuning of the parameters

I DO NOT print (or save) to pdf directly (will be a figure in afull A4 paper, too much unwanted space above and below thefigure)

I Figures may look different on different devices (screen,printer, projector, ..) or even different viewer.

In Microsoft Word, it is done differently ...

Edit → Copy Figure and then Paste (or shortcut Ctrl+V).

Color vs Black-white

University Printing Costs:

⊕ A4 mono single-sided 5p

⊕ A4 mono double-sided (duplex) 8p

⊕ A4 colour single-sided 21p

⊕ A4 colour double-sided (duplex) 40p

Many publications (journal articles, textbooks, ...) are still onlyblack-white.

Color vs Black-white

University Printing Costs:

⊕ A4 mono single-sided 5p

⊕ A4 mono double-sided (duplex) 8p

⊕ A4 colour single-sided 21p

⊕ A4 colour double-sided (duplex) 40p

Many publications (journal articles, textbooks, ...) are still onlyblack-white.

Color, black-white, or does not matter?

Two exactly the same figures (using print -depsc2

colorfig.eps and print -deps2 grayfig.eps)

2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 40

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

r

x

2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 40

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

r

x

Which color to use?

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7−1

−0.8

−0.6

−0.4

−0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

You may never use certain color(s). To differentiate differentcurves using line styles instead:plot(x,y1,’--’,x,y2,’-*’,x,y3,’-d’, ’MarkerSize’,6);

Other vector graphics: Asymptote

http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/

The footbal The Sierpinski Sponge

Other vector graphics: tikz/pgfhttp://www.texample.net/tikz/

TEX Engines

TEX

pdfTEX

X ETEX

LuaTEX

Formats

LATEXConTEXt

Systems

TEXLive

MacTEX

MiKTEX

ProTEXt

Editors

1

2

3

4

5

6

78

9

The mindmap A complete graph

Gallery made by me (using Asymptote)

Branch cut

z = −x + iǫ

z = −x− iǫ

Branch point

1 2 3 4−0.2

−0.1

0

0.1

r

W(r)

p=1.25p=1.50p=1.80p=1.95

RF

ρF on |x| ≤ RF

x

y

u

v

w = f(z)r = r(θ)

dθ

θ

xj xj+1xj−1 xj+2 xj+k

τw1 τw1τw2

τwk

U∞

z = z(x)

b

How the source code looks like?Asymptote code for ”Football”

import graph3;

size(400);

currentlight.background=palegreen;

dtrender=render(compression=Zero,merge=true);

real c=(1+sqrt(5))/2;

triple[] x={(0,c,1),(0,-c,1),(0,-c,-1)};triple[] y={(1,0,c),(1,0,-c),(-1,0,-c)};triple[] z={(c,1,0),(-c,1,0),(-c,-1,0)};triple[][] Q= {

{z[0],y[1],x[3],x[0],y[0],z[3]},{z[1],x[0],x[3],y[2],z[2],y[3]},{z[2],z[1],y[2],x[2],x[1],y[3]},{z[3],z[0],y[0],x[1],x[2],y[1]},{x[0],x[3],z[1],y[3],y[0],z[0]},{x[1],x[2],z[2],y[3],y[0],z[3]},{x[2],x[1],z[3],y[1],y[2],z[2]},{x[3],x[0],z[0],y[1],y[2],z[1]},{y[0],y[3],x[1],z[3],z[0],x[0]},{y[1],y[2],x[2],z[3],z[0],x[3]},{y[2],y[1],x[3],z[1],z[2],x[2]},{y[3],y[0],x[0],z[1],z[2],x[1]}

};path3 p=arc(O,Q[0][0],Q[0][1]);

real R=abs(point(p,reltime(p,1/3)));

.

.

.

Tikz/PGF code for ”Mindmap”

\begin{tikzpicture}\path [

mindmap, text = white,

level 1 concept/.append style =

{font=\Large\bfseries, sibling angle=90},level 2 concept/.append style =

{font=\normalsize\bfseries},level 3 concept/.append style =

{font=\small\bfseries},tex/.style = {concept, ball color=blue,

font=\Huge\bfseries},engines/.style = {concept, ball color=green!50!black},formats/.style = {concept, ball color=blue!50!black},systems/.style = {concept, ball color=red!90!black},editors/.style = {concept, ball color=orange!90!black}

]

node [tex] {TEX} [clockwise from=0]

child[concept color=green!50!black, nodes={engines}] {node {Engines} [clockwise from=90]

child { node {\TeX} }child { node {pdf\TeX} }child { node {\XeTeX} }child { node {Lua\TeX} }}

.

.

.

Much more complicated than a programming language!

Summary

I Use vector graphics if possible

I Use the right format

I Fine tuning the parameters, and pay attention to small details

I Figures should complement your writing, and should bereferred in the main text

I You can invest your time in more advanced graphics(Asymptote, Tikz/PGF, SVG,xfig,...) in the future.