Master Thesis Report - DiVA portal648143/FULLTEXT02.pdfKeywords Ecodesign, Energy Efficiency, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Summary This is a thesis report on the preparatory studies

European Joint Masters Degree Program in Management and Engineering of Environment and Energy

20-22 Villa Deshayes ECOLE DES MINES DE NANTES 75014 Paris

Master Thesis Report Preparatory Studies: Improvement of Energy and Environmental

Performance for Water and Wastewater Pumps within Europe

July 2013

Company Supervisor: Benoît TINETTI

University Tutor: Professor Laurence LE COQ

Submitted by: Pooi Yin CHANG

Master Thesis Report

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Index Note

Report Title Preparatory Studies: Improvement of Energy and Environmental Performance for Water and Wastewater Pumps within Europe

Curriculum Master in Management and Engineering of Energy and Environment (ME3)

Placement title Environmental Consultant

Year 2013

Author Pooi Yin CHANG (Clarisse)

Company Bio Intelligence Service S.A.S

Number of employees 60

Address 20-22 Villa Deshayes, 75014 Paris, France

Company tutor Benoît Tinetti

Function/Position Project Manager

School tutor Laurence Le Coq

Keywords Ecodesign, Energy Efficiency, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Summary This is a thesis report on the preparatory studies of Lot 28 and Lot 29 launched by the European Commission, DG Energy, under the Ecodesign Directive. The studies focus on the analysis of pumps improvement potential during the product design phase covering the aspects of energy and environmental performance. The objectives of the studies are to support the European Commission in developing environmental policy to regulate water and wastewater pumps in Europe.


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Acknowledgement

I would like to express my utmost gratitude to everyone that has assisted me in successfully completing the European Joint Masters in Management and Engineering of Environment and Energy Program (ME3).

Furthermore, I am grateful for the opportunity given to be an intern in Bio Intelligence Service and would like to personally thank Eric Labouze and Shailendra Mudgal for the warm welcome to the big family.

I would like to acknowledge with appreciation the crucial role of my academic tutor Professor Laurence Le Coq for the invaluable guidance during the project. My truly indebted and thankful to my company supervisor Benoît Tinetti and company mentor Sandeep Pahal for the patient guidance and advice throughout the period of internship. Without them, this work would never be possible to be completed.

A special thanks to Alvaro de Prado Trigo, Andreas Mitsios and Adrian R. Tan for being extremely helpful during the project analysis and appreciate the sharing of knowledge.

In additional, I am utterly thankful to all my colleagues and my classmate for creating a pleasant and yet memorable experience through the two years study. I also owe sincere and earnest thanks to my closest friends and family for the support and encouragement.

Finally yet importantly, my deepest appreciates also go to the European Commission (EACEA) and ME3 consortium for providing the unique opportunity to advance my knowledge through the Erasmus Mundus Master Program.


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Table of Contents

Contents

INDEX NOTE 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

ABSTRACT 6

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXT OF INTERNSHIP 7

CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 8

CHAPTER 3: THE WORKING GROUP 9

BIO Intelligence 9

DG ENER of European Commission 9

Stakeholders 10

Atkins 10

My contributions 10

CHAPTER 4: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 11

Ecodesign Directive 11

Ecodesign principle 11

Aim of the directive 12

Projected Outcome of Ecodesign Directive 12

Product Selection 13

CHAPTER 5: METHODOLOGY 15

Ecodesign Methodology 15

Mission and Duties 17

CHAPTER 6: OUTCOME OF THE PREPARATORY STUDIES 18

Overview (Scope of the Preparatory Studies) 18

Pumps in EU Market 20

Main findings 24

Consumer Behaviour 24

Technical Analysis 25

Impact Assessment 26

CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 32


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CHAPTER 8: NEXT STEP (RECOMMENDATION) 33

CHAPTER 9: FROM CHALLENGE TO ACHIEVEMENT 34

REFERENCES 35

ANNEXES 37

List of Tables

Table 1: Pumps within ENER Lot 28 scope ............................................................................................... 19

Table 2: Pumps within ENER Lot 29 scope ...............................................................................................20

Table 3: Summary of market data ............................................................................................................ 21

Table 4: Generic economy data in EU-27 (Extracted from Task 2 report).................................................. 23

Table 5: Base-Cases selected for ENER Lot 28..........................................................................................26

Table 6: Base-Cases selection for ENER Lot 29 ........................................................................................ 27

Table 7: Life cycle cost of BC-1 to BC-7 for ENER Lot 28 ...........................................................................29

Table 8: Life cycle cost of BC-1 to BC-12 for ENER Lot 29 .........................................................................29

Table 9: Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products ................................. 31

List of Figures

Figure 1: The life cycle of a product. (1) .................................................................................................... 11

Figure 2: Projected saving for the first 13 Ecodesign measures (2)............................................................ 13

Figure 3: Ecodesign Process from a Preparatory Study to Implementation Measures (1) ......................... 14

Figure 4: MEEuP Methodology (1) ............................................................................................................ 15

Figure 5: Schedule of work ....................................................................................................................... 17

Figure 6: EU-27 Stock Distribution in 2011 (Units). ................................................................................... 21

Figure 7: Technical and economical lifetime of ENER Lot 28 pumps. ........................................................22

Figure 8: Technical and economical lifetime of ENER Lot 29 pumps. .......................................................22

Figure 9: Consumer Expenditure for ENER Lot 28 .................................................................................... 23

Figure 10: Consumer Expenditure for ENER Lot 29 .................................................................................. 23

Figure 11: Distribution of the BC-1 environmental impacts by life cycle phase (extracted from Task 5) ....28


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Abstract

Facing the world challenges of energy crisis and global warming, Ecodesign Directive is one of the most effective action plan developed by the European Commission (EC) to move toward sustainability. The directive aims to establish new implementing measures and regulation for Energy-Using-Products (EuPs) and Energy-related-Products (ErPs), which targeting on product energy efficiency as well as reduce environmental impacts.

Under this Directive, preparatory studies of Lot 28 and Lot 29 are launched to focus on water and wastewater pumps that are widely used and have a great energy saving potential. Ecodesign Methodology is applied in the studies to assess the technology development together with the consideration of human, social and economic constraints.

This report provides the main pumps’ market data and summarizes the results from the life cycle assessment (LCA). The outcome of EcoReport analysis on 18 base-cases concluded that the Ecodesign implementation measures should focus on the use phase, which has the highest improvement potential. While considering the consumer adaptability, economy impact and technical feasibility, the possible policy option could be the cutoff of 10% worst pumps in Europe within 3 years. The energy saving on pump products will significantly reduce the total energy consumption in Europe and enables the achievement of the EU 2020 target.


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Chapter 1: Context of Internship

This report presents the thesis project that was conducted during the 4th Semester of ME3 Master Program1. The six-month internship provides a unique experience for students to apply the study into practice and gain insights in the field of their interest which mainly related to environment and energy.

The role as an intern in the Sustainable Policy Department of BIO Intelligence Service (BIOIS) provides the extensive exposure to work as a professional environmental consultant. Beside the main tasks on ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 Preparatory Studies, the participation in tendering project provides insight to other interesting project within the job scope of a consultant.

The objectives of the master thesis in BIOIS are to develop the technical, economical and analytical skills as well as personal skills while performing the preparatory studies. The real life experience working on the European project (Ecodesign Directive) as well as the collaboration with the European Commission completing the learning process with a concrete knowledge of the process of the implementation of environmental policy in EU level. The contributions toward EU energy saving will be an invaluable experience in determining the future career path on sustainability development.

The report has been carefully structured to provide a brief introduction of the necessity of Preparatory Studies and bring into context the ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 studies. Subsequently the working group and personal contributions are discussed under Chapter 3 to provide the understanding of the scope of involvement in the study and the level of collaboration with each party.

Description of Ecodesign Directive is provided as the background of the project to visualize the importance of the studies and is followed by the explanation of the MEEuP/ MEErP methodology. Subsequently, Chapter 6 presented the results that are the main concerns in the studies and also discussed about the analysis that were conducted during the internship period. Finally, a conclusion is drawn and recommendations are provided for the next step on the studies.

The thesis report presents as precise and concise as possible the up-to-date outcome of the studies. Nevertheless, the preparatory studies cover comprehensive information on the pumps thus it is impractical to provide an extensive explanation on all tasks in the preparatory study. Instead, the report covers the work done within the internship period. The complete report is available on the project websites2.

The results (figures and tables) presented are based on the draft version and is subject to be updated with the latest feedback and comments from stakeholders.

1 European Joint Master Degree Program in Management and Engineering of Environment and Energy

2 The websites for both lots are http://lot28.ecopumps.eu/ (ENER Lot 28) and http://lot29.ecopumps.eu/ (ENER Lot 29).


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Chapter 2: Introduction to the Project

The growth of population and economy undeniably cause the energy demand surplus the supply. The energy crisis is not a new topic today but more effective solutions are yet to be developed. As the Europe region is lacking the geographic advantage in developing the conventional fuel source, energy security and energy independence are severe issues that will affect the growth of the economy in Europe market.

The European Commission (EC) recognizes that the renewable energies are not the sole solution to resolve the energy crisis. The development of renewable technologies is promising but will be time consuming and high capital investment. In order to achieve the target of EU Energy 2020, one of the priority strategies are efficient use of energy. Ecodesign Directive is part of the EC action plan in improving the energy efficiency and environmental performance of various energy related products. The directive establishes a framework to define the implementing measures and setting environmental requirements of the energy products.

The preparatory studies of ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 of Ecodesign Directive focus on the wastewater and water pumps are launched under Article 15 of Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC. The topics are:

ENER Lot 283 - Ecodesign Preparatory Study on pumps for private and public wastae water and for fluids with high solid content

ENER Lot 294 - Ecodesign Preparatory Study on pumps for private and public swimming pools, ponds, fountains and aquariums, as well as clean water pumps larger than those regulated under Lot 11

ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 studies were started since December 2011 and will consists of 8 tasks which analyze the pump product groups and addressing all relevant social, economic, and environmental aspects. It is scheduled that the studies are to be finalized in June 2014. The overview of Ecodesign Directives is presented in Chapter 4.

3 http://lot28.ecopumps.eu/

4 http://lot29.ecopumps.eu/


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Chapter 3: The working group

The Ecodesign Preparatory Studies on ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 are thorough studies of the current pumps market. The parties involved in the studies include the project teams (BIOIS and Atkins), the European Commission and the stakeholders in the EU market.

The project team has a neutral position in the working group to enable a balanced and impartial analysis. The team is entirely independent from the product and component manufacturing industry, material manufacturing associations, and other stakeholders.

BIO Intelligence Service BIO Intelligence Service (BIOIS) is an environment and sustainable development consultancy company aiming to create a better world through protecting the environment. BIOIS addressing the global major challenges such as responsible consumption, the social and environmental responsibility of companies, energy efficiency and climate change, sustainable resource and waste management, sustainable food production and biodiversity.

Since the launch of the Ecodesign Directive in 2005, BIOIS has actively been involved in 20 preparatory studies for Energy-using products (EuP) and Energy-related products (ErP). As a leading player in the field, the company expertises in sustainable environmental and economic development encourage the continuous collaboration with the European Commission. Some of the latest preparatory studies that the company are working on include the ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 which focusing on the water and wastewater pumps.

BIOIS collaborates with Atkins and leads the project team in the ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 to analyse the environmental and energy performance of pumps mainly used in wastewater industries and water pumps that have not been covered by the earlier study on water pumps (ENER Lot 11). The project team works with the stakeholders from the EU market and the DG ENER of European Commission on the preparatory studies. The reports will be used as the basis to establish ecodesign implements measures for the Lot 28 and Lot 29 pumps.

My four years experience in water and wastewater industries, paths a good foundation for me to follow up on the studies and actively involved in both Lot 28 and 29 studies.

DG ENER of European Commission DG ENER5 is the Directorate of Energy of the European Commission which is focused EU Energy development. The Directorate sets EU energy policy aiming to improve the competitiveness of internal energy market, develop renewable energy sources, reduce energy dependence and reduce energy consumption. The Energy Roadmap 2050 was set by DG ENER with the aim to present different pathways to reach the objectives of sustainable energy systems. The Ecodesign Directive is part of the action plan towards the reduction of energy consumption.

5 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.htm


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Stakeholders The stakeholders of ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 are a group of professionals in the water and wastewater industry that had expressed their interests in supporting the studies. There are more than 80 stakeholders in each lot who represent the pump manufacturers from the water and wastewater industry, environmental NGOs, consultancy firms, international agency and pump organization. The stakeholders played an important role in reflecting the actual market situation and provided reliable technical and economical data for the studies. Europump6, the European Association of Pump Manufacturers, has actively contributed information, provided guidance and shared their professional knowledge to facilitate the study. Europump is a very reliable source of information as the group representing 18 National Associations in 15 EU Member states, Turkey, Russia and Switzerland, as well as 450 companies that have a collective production of €10 billion in the European Market.

Atkins The collaboration of BIOIS with Atkins gathered professionals from both groups to provide diverse analysis on technical, social, economic and environmental aspects. As the world’s 11th largest design firm engineering and design consulting firm, Atkins has extensive experience in the application of water and wastewater pumps. The technical analysis is mainly conducted by Atkins with the support from BIOIS.

My contributions BIOIS encourages work exposure and provide the fair opportunity to perform the tasks as the other professional environmental consultant in the company. My contribution in ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 are mainly covering task 1 to task 5.

The job scope during the internship period includes carrying out market research, performing life cycle analysis (LCA) with the MEEuP/ MEErP methodology and prepared the report with the results from LCA analysis. My other tasks are ensuring a good communication within stakeholders by keeping stakeholder updated through publishing new documents and maintaining the communication platform of Lot 28 and Lot 29.

A constant collaboration and interaction with stakeholders is essential and is made possible by frequent teleconferences and meetings with the work partner, the stakeholder and the user (e.g. Suez Environment). My responsibilities also include addressing stakeholder comments and compiling them for the record. During the second stage of the Preparatory Studies, some other additional involvements are preparation of material for presentation of the second stakeholder meeting and the participation in the meeting. Other involvement includes exposure to the tender preparation, resource efficiency study and survey have allowed the understanding of the task of a consultant.

6 http://www.europump.org/


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Chapter 4: Background information

Ecodesign Directive Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC) is the Framework Directive that serves as a product-based policy tools which is used to set the implementation requirements for Energy-related Products (ErP). It enables the integration of environmental aspects into product design and aiming for product life cycle improvement in the environmental performance. Design phase is the main area of studies as the majority of the environmental and cost impacts are determined during this phase. Figure 1 illustrates the Ecodesign principle that focuses on the entire life cycle of the products.

Figure 1: The life cycle of a product. (1)

Ecodesign principle For the past few years, Ecodesign has been used to provide a coherent and integrated framework to allow the setting of mandatory Ecodesign requirements for certain products. One of the examples of the implementation is the Ecodesign Regulation on the standby requirement for many of the domestic products. Products such as washing machines, TV or personal computers are regulated with the design requirement of lower than 0.5W energy consumption during off mode as of 2013. (2)

The Ecodesign Directive takes into account that the establishment of new requirements must not contribute to any of the negative impacts on:

lower the functionality of the products

causing safety issues

impact on its affordability

impact on consumers’ health

The products covered by the Ecodesign Directive are Energy-using products (EUPs) which use, generate, transfer or measure energy. In 2009, the scope of Ecodesign Directive has broadened to include other energy related products (ERPs) that aren’t necessarily using energy but have direct or indirect impact on energy consumption and will contribute to energy saving.

During the transitional period (2005-2008) and the first working plan of Ecodesign (2009-2011) of Ecodesign Directive, the Commission had launched 18 broad indicative product groups which have 37 preparatory studies and had adopted 17 implementing measures for specific types of products.

Design phase

Raw materials Production Transport End-of-

lifeUse

Design determines impacts throughout the life cycle of a product


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The adopted implementation measures consist of 12 Ecodesign regulations and 5 energy-labelling regulations. In addition to that, 39 standardization mandates were launched from the results of the preparatory studies. For the Second Ecodesign Working Plan 2012-2014, 12 broad product groups will be considered. (3) (4)

ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 are grouped under electric motor systems which is one of the 8 broad product groups identified during the transitional period. The preparatory studies were launched during the end of 2011 and the aiming for the adoption of Ecodesign requirement in 2015.

Aim of the directive Ecodesign Directive has been created to be the key element of community strategy on integrated product policy within the EU-27 on Energy-related products. The main objective of the Directive is to improve the energy and environmental performance of products for the entire life cycle, from cradle to grave; while taking into consideration the industry, consumer, and all other stakeholders’ concerns and effectively moving in the direction of sustainable development. The Ecodesign assessment considers the impact from every stage of the products from raw material selection to the end-of-life of the products.

The implementation of Ecodesign measure is one of the most effective ways to promote energy saving and thus enhance security of energy supply. It is also the key approach for greenhouse gas reduction and safeguarding the environment (3). The implementation of requirements such as power consumption thresholds, efficiency levels, mechanical design and material use restrictions, requirements for labelling and consumer information are some of the measures established from the Ecodesign studies. The potential of energy saving is described in the next section.

Coherently, Ecodesign requirements promote sustainable competitiveness and avoid negative impacts on administrative burden. The development of improved-performance products allows the manufacturers to be at the competitive edge in the market. The harmonization of regulation at EU level encourages the economic scale of production and provides new opportunities for the manufacturers, consumers and society.

Projected Outcome of Ecodesign Directive Among the product groups that had been studied, the implementation of Ecodesign regulation for the first 13 measures is projected to have more than 12% annual energy saving by 2020 compared to the energy consumption of the EU in 2009 (‘business as usual’ scenario). Figure 2 presents the projected energy saving from the first 13 Ecodesign measures. The total energy saving is significant and is a favourable approach toward sustainable future.


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Figure 2: Projected saving for the first 13 Ecodesign measures (2)

Product Selection Ecodesign Directive targets for certain product groups that fulfil the following criteria:

The group represents a significant volume of sales in the EU market and the indicative sales is more than 200,000 units per year.

There must involve a significant environmental impact

The potential of improvement is significant

Under the Article 15 of the Directive, the implementing measures have to consider the whole life-cycle of the products and all significant environmental aspects. Assessment of the impacts on consumers and manufacturers is the next aspect that has to be taken into account. (3)

The adoption of a new implementation is a 6-stage process and is represented by the Figure 3. The setting of a “working plan” by the European Commission is the first step. According to the priority list, the investigation of environmental improvement potential of Energy using and related products is carried out over a period of 3 years.

The second stage is the preparatory study for the product groups where external consultancy is conducted according to Ecodesign MEEuP and MEErP Methodology (These Methodology will be further described in the Chapter 5).Preparatory study is meant to assist into the assessing of energy and environmental improvement potential, cost impacts to the industry and consumers and market data compilation. The input data from the stakeholder will greatly influence the validity of the study.

Subsequently, a draft of the EC regulation is submitted to the Consultation Forum that consists of representatives from all EU and EEA member states and around 30 stakeholders from business association, manufacturers, NGOs and other related organization. The Consultation Forum provides comment and feedback on the implementation measures. Then, the draft is submitted to the Regulatory Committee that consists of representatives from all EU members for evaluation and finalization.


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The fifth stage of the adoption is an assessment by the European Parliament for a period of 3 months. Finally the Commission Regulation gets approved and voted by the European Parliament to be an EU Regulation.

Figure 3: Ecodesign Process from a Preparatory Study to Implementation Measures (1)

European Commission

Eco-design Preparatory Study

Stakeholder Consultation

Consultation Forum Impact assessment

Regulatory Committee

Working Plan1

2

3

4

EU Parliament5

Working Document

Draft Implementing

Measure

Adoption

ConsultantsWe are here!


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Chapter 5: Methodology

Ecodesign Methodology (5)(6) Ecodesign methodology (6) is a set of procedure and specific tools developed to enable the investigation of appropriate Ecodesign requirements for Energy-using and Energy-related products. The methodology is required to be followed by every preparatory study performed by the external consultant during the second stage of Ecodesign Directive.

The Methodology for the Ecodesign of Energy-using Products (MEEuP) was developed since 2005 for the evaluation of energy-using products. The methodology developed during 2005 further revised to Methodology for the Ecodesign of Energy-related Products (MEErP)(5). MEErP was endorsed by the Ecodesign Consultation Forum on 20 January 2012 and covered a broaden group of products which is energy relating products.

Ecodesign Methodology evaluates the life cycle of the products, environmental aspects as well as technical and economic issues in eight tasks. The first five tasks analyze the current situation that includes the simulation of the product life cycle analysis (LCA) with Ecoreport tool. Subsequently, the next three tasks set out the product improvement potential.

The implementation of MEErP method is slightly different compared to the MEEuP method as it is improved to include a preliminary screening system that is essentially useful for pre-data collection.

The preparatory studies of ENER Lot 28 and Lot 29 mainly followed the MEEuP method but at the same time integrated with some of MEErP elements such as the screening analysis to improve the accuracy of the reported data. The eight tasks for the MEEuP methodology are as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: MEEuP Methodology (1)


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For each specific task defined in the MEEuP method, the scope covered is targeting on different aspects. While the methodology has defined the number of tasks, the working group decided to carry out the tasks in 3 Stages. A stakeholder meeting is held at the end of each stage to discuss the main concerns and allow concession within the stakeholder. The scope of each task is as follows:

Stage 1:

Task 1 (Product Definition) is the main section to define the product categories and setting the system boundaries for water and wastewater pumps. This step is crucial to draw a fine line within the wide range of pumps available in the market and ensuring the scope is not overlapping of information with other Lots of Preparatory Studies. The relevant existing test standards, legislation, voluntary agreements and labelling initiatives are identified during this task.

Task 2 (Economic and Market Analysis) compiled market and generic economic data which include the fixed cost and the operation cost which will be the part of the input for Task 5 report. At the same time, this task provides insight on the market trends.

Task 3 (Consumer Behaviour and Local Infrastructure) is the main section that present the real-life condition of the product groups from the aspects of social, cultural and infrastructure. The frequency and characteristics of use of the product are studied and the possible barriers for the implementation of new Ecodesign measures are determined.

Stage 2:

Task 4 (Technical Analysis) further describes the technical aspects of water and wastewater pumps in the market at product, component and system levels which includes detailed material contents and the energy efficiency of the pump. This section also provides the recommendations on mandates and serves as the background information for Task 5 base-cases grouping and environmental impact analysis.

Task 5 (Assessment of Base-Cases) selects the base-cases and further assesses the environmental impacts and life-cycle cost (LCC) of each base-case with MEEuP/ MEErP methodology and EcoReport tool. The assessment is a sequential analysis of the entire product life cycle from production phase, distribution phase, use phase to end-of-life phase.

Stage 3:

Task 6 (Technical Analysis BAT) entails a description and the technical analysis of Best Available Technologies (BAT) and Best Not yet Available Technologies (BNAT) for performance improvement on pump products. The introduction of BAT at product levels is expected to be shorter, within 2 to 3 years compare to BNAT which subjected to research and development. The technical assessment serves as the input data for task 7 improvement potential analysis.

Task 7 (Potential Improvement) suggests the design improvement options, quantify the environmental impact of each base case and identify the LCC for the consumer. One or more solutions of BAT and with least life cycle cost (LLCC) needs to be identified during this task.


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Task 8 (Scenario, Policy, Impact and Sensitivity Analysis) summarizes the outcomes from previous tasks and suggests the appropriate policy options to achieve the potential improvement. Scenarios until 2025 are developed for the policy option suggested and are compared with Business-as-Usual scenario to quantify the impact of each policy options in terms of environmental performance and cost at EU-level. Finally, a sensibility analysis is carried out to ensure the accuracy of the study.

Mission and Duties ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 Preparatory Studies have been carried since the end of 2011 and the first draft of Task 1 to 3 reports were produced and published in the project websites since 2012. However, these tasks still undergoing improvement to provide reliable economic and market data. My contributions during my internship period on these tasks are related to the wastewater definition, research and refine market data and address of the stakeholder comments.

In order to ensure a good communication within stakeholder, one of the key communication tools is the project website7. Part of my responsibilities is to maintain the platform that is meant to update stakeholder with new published documents, allow transparent information sharing and announce the latest news on stakeholder meeting.

My involvement is mainly on the second stage of the studies that involved supporting Atkins with technical analysis and carried out impact assessment with EcoReport tool for 7 base-cases (BC) defined under ENER Lot 28 and 11 base-cases under ENER Lot 29. Life cycle assessment (LCA) for each BC is simulated with EcoReport tool to examine the contributions of environmental impacts from the BC and analyze the life cycle cost (LCC) of the product.

The involvement in Task 6 is limited as it is at the early stage of the task. Nevertheless, tasks 1 to 5 reports served as the input data to task 6, 7 and 8, thus the general concept on the remaining tasks is studied.

o: ENER Lot 28 x: ENER Lot 29 2: ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29

Figure 5: Schedule of work

7 The websites for both lots are http://lot28.ecopumps.eu/ (ENER Lot 28) and http://lot29.ecopumps.eu/ (ENER Lot 29).

Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Introduction to the company, project team 2

Literature and Document Review o x

Market research (Data Refine) o x

Economic Analysis (Data Refine) o x

Analyze Environmental Impact of Pumps using MEEuP/ MEErP

o o x x

Address stakeholder comments o x

Review and update of Task 1-5 report in consistent to the new data

o x

Publish of New Version of Task 1-5 online for stakeholder comments

o x

Second Stakeholder meeting (Preparation and Organization)

o x

Second Stakeholder meeting 2

Technical Scope Review and Refine o x

Clarification of Issues o x

Task 1-5 update and drafting of Task 6-8 o x

Conclusion and Presentation of Thesis 2 2 2 2 2 2

June JulyJan Feb March April May


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Chapter 6: Outcome of the Preparatory Studies

Overview (Scope of the Preparatory Studies) (7)(8) Water and wastewater pumps have been classified into the priority product groups for the preparatory studies as pumps are energy-using products that are widely used in the market. The application of these pumps is broad as the water is an essential element for all human activities and wastewater is generated from these processes.

The preparatory studies of ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 focused on pumps that are mainly used to transfer water (Lot 29) and wastewater (Lot 28). While pumping can be defined as additional of energy to transfer the fluid to move from one point to another, it is the main energy consumption device and the improvement on the system essentially contributes to energy saving.

As the pumps products are studied in a few Lots, a clear definition of product groups covered by each Lot is essentially important. Preparatory study ENER Lot 28 cover pumps for the private and public wastewater and for fluids with high solids content. While ENER Lot 29 covers pumps for private and public swimming pools, ponds, fountains, and aquariums, as well as the clean water pumps that are larger than those regulated under TREN 11.

The scope of wastewater pumps was further refined to exclude positive displacement pumps such as Archimedean screw pump, progressive cavity pump and peristaltic pump since a separate lot will be launched for these pumps. The latest defined scope is presented in Table 1 and Table 2.

During the second stakeholder meeting, an upper capacity limit for the pump to be evaluated is set to be 160kW. The justification is that above this capacity, the pump is an engineered product and is not within the scope of study. For ENER Lot 29 pumps, the upper capacity limit is set as 1MW.

Wastewater definition is included in the report during the second revision as a scientific description of wastewater content is necessary to regulate the wastewater pumps in real life operation condition. However, a general characteristic of wastewater is yet to be determined in the TU Berlin project that is still ongoing. The preparatory study will integrates this information into the report as soon as it is available.


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Table 1: Pumps within ENER Lot 28 scope

Pump Code

Submersible pump

Radial sewage pumps 1 to 10 kW CS RSP 1 to 10

Radial sewage pumps >10 to 25 kW CS RSP 10 to 25

Radial sewage pumps >25 to 160 kW CS RSP 25 to 160

Mixed flow & axial pumps CS MFAP

Shredding, grinding pumps CS1 SG

Radial sewage pumps 1 to 10 kW CS1 RSP 1 to 10

Where volute is part of a tank CS1 V

Centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump < 40 mm passage CSDD

Submersible dewatering pumps SDP

Centrifugal dry well pump

Radial sewage pumps 1 to 10 kW CDWP 1 to 10

Radial sewage pumps >10 to 25 kW CDWP 10 to 25

Radial sewage pumps >25 to 160 kW CDWP 25 to 160

Mixed flow & axial pumps CDWP MFAP

Slurry Pump Slurry Pumps SP


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Table 2: Pumps within ENER Lot 29 scope

Pump Code

Swimming Pool pumps (integrated motor+pump)

Domestic with built in strainer up to 2.2 kW SPPS

Domestic/commercial with built in strainer over 2.2 kW SPPL

Fountain, pond, aquarium, spa and counter-current pumps

Fountain and pond pumps to 1 kW FPP

Aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium - non-commercial) to 120 W AP

Aquarium power head to 120W APH

Spa pumps for domestic & commercial spa’s SPA

Counter-Current Pumps CCP

End Suction water pumps (over 150kW-P2)

End Suction Close Coupled from 150 kW to 1 MW ESCC

End Suction Close Coupled Inline from 150 kW to 1 MW ESCCI

End Suction Own Bearing from 150 kW to 1 MW ESOB

Submersible bore-hole pumps

8” Submersible bore-hole pumps SBHP08



Submersible bore-hole pumps larger than 12” SBHP12+

Vertical multi-stage pumps Vertical multi-stage pump (25 to 40 bar and/or 100 to 180 m3/hr) VMSPS

Vertical multi-stage pump (>40 bar and/or >180 m3/hr) VMSPL

During the scope definition, the screening analysis has also considered the annual energy consumption and potential saving of the pumps. The estimated total annual energy consumption of 2011 for ENER lot 28 pumps and ENER Lot 29 pumps are 27,637 GWh and 80,552 GWh respectively. While the potential level of energy saving is estimated to be 2,423 GWh and 1,939 GWh. However, the improvement potential is estimated to be higher thus the potential of saving will be further reviewed and updated.

Pumps in EU Market (9)(10) Throughout the first stage of preparatory study, the economic and market analysis for the pump sector in Europe as well as the consumer behaviour was evaluated and eventually formulating the base-case(s) in Task 5. The installed pumps in Europe region for ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 were estimated to be around 31 million units since the year 2011 and the growth rate is expected to be 2 to 3% for the next 4 years until 2015. The summary of the market data is presented in Table 3 and the distribution of the installed stock is illustrated in Figure 6.


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Table 3: Summary of market data8

Units ENER Lot 28 ENER Lot 29

EU installed stock in 2011 (total) Million Units 15.4 16.6

EU installed stock in 2005 (total) Million Units 13.7 14.7

EU annual sales in 2011 (total) Million Units 2.0 2.0

EU annual sales in 2005 (total) Million Units 1.5 1.5

The reported data is based on the consultation of the main market players9, Europump10 organization, professionals in the field and main users in the market such as Suez Environment. The official statistics based on PRODCOM was not used since the classification is not matching precisely with the group defined in task 1. However, this source of information has been referred in order to provide a broad overview for the verification of the data estimated.

Lot 28 Lot 29

Figure 6: EU-27 Stock Distribution in 2011 (Units).

Product Life Cycle is one of the indicators that reflects the sales of the product in the market. Moreover, it is one of the key parameters in the life cycle assessment analysis to evaluate the product life cycle cost and environmental impacts. The economical life and technical life are estimated to be the same and the lifetime of each product group for both lots is presented in Figure 7 and Figure 8.

Economic life: is the duration that the product is in service

8 Data presented is the latest available data on 16 June 2013. The data might be reviewed as per discussed during the second stakeholder meeting.

9 Main market players that are involved in the data compilation, ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lots 29 studies include Sulzer, Grundfos, Flowserve, Siemens, Xylem, DAP, Wilo, BPMA, Askoll, Pentair, Fluidra, Agoria, Profluid, etc.

10 The European Association of Pump Manufacturers: http://www.europump.org/

CS RSP 1 to 107%

CS1 SG2%

CS1 RSP 1 to 106%

CS1 V2%

CDWP 1 to 101%

CSDD78%

SDP2%

Other2%

SPPS29%

AP48%

FPP11%

CCP6%

APH2%

SBHP081%

SPPL1% SBHP10

1%


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Technical life: is the time to until which the pump functions sustaining minimum acceptable performance criteria

Figure 7: Technical and economical lifetime of ENER Lot 28 pumps.

Figure 8: Technical and economical lifetime of ENER Lot 29 pumps.

The economic analysis is further focused on consumer expenditure, which consists of the purchase prices, installation cost, maintenance costs and repair cost as well as the applicable rate for running costs. Other financial parameters such as taxes, the rate of interest and inflation rates are also being considered in the studies. Figure 9 and Figure 10 provide an overview of the cost contributions of each group of pump products.

10 10

15

107 8

107

10

15 15 15

20

8

0

5

10

15

20

25Ye

ar

Technical life time Average economical life time

20 20

95 5

20 20 20 20 20

11 11 11 11 12 12

05

10152025

Year

Technical life Average economical life


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Figure 9: Consumer Expenditure for ENER Lot 28

Figure 10: Consumer Expenditure for ENER Lot 29

The electricity and water rate is standardized in the MEErP Methodology for all preparatory studies and is presented in Table 4. The MEErP Methodology also suggests that a default value of 4% as the EU average discount rate.

Table 4: Generic economy data in EU-27 (Extracted from Task 2 report)

Unit

Domestic incl. VAT

Long term growth per year

Non-domestic excl. VAT

Electricity €/kWh 0.18 5% 0.11

Water €/m3 3.70 2.50%

Energy escalation rate % 4%

VAT % 20%

05000

10000150002000025000300003500040000

Cost

€ Maintenance

Repair

Installation

Purchase

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

Cost

€

Repair & Maintenance Installation Purchase


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Main findings

From the exhaustive market survey and analysis, some of the main findings are as below:

Europe has mature infrastructure for water and wastewater treatment system thus the demand for new installation is relatively low. 30% of the sales in EU market are for new installations and 70% are for the replacement.

The product groups that dominate the market are:

ENER Lot 28: Centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump < 40mm passage pumps (78%)

ENER Lot 29: Aquarium pumps (domestic/ small aquarium – non- commercial) to 120W (56%)

Main design development is concerned about

ENER Lot 28: impeller design.

ENER Lot 29: advancement of VSD motors and controls for regulation of the water flow.

Timeframe for redesign (Large pumps are always custom designed)

ENER Lot 28: estimated to be 2 to 4 years

ENER Lot 29: estimated to be 2 to 5 years

Pumps have positive scrap value as they are mainly constructed by metal, thus it is very like that the pump will be sold as scrap at the end of life which not occurred any disposal cost.

Consumer Behaviour (11)(12) Consumer behavior has a significant direct effect in the use phase and end-of-life phase of the products. The real life efficiency of the pump is very dependent on the appropriate applications, the frequency of use and best practice in sustainable product use.

In general, the consumer might intentionally or unintentionally disregarded certain energy saving and environmental aspects. Wastewater pump users are prompted to opt for reliable operation and accept the efficiency penalty for clogging resistant impeller.

For clean water pump application, there are great concerns on the energy saving of large clean water pumps where the variable speed drive is commonly used for better system performance. However, the amount of efforts on performance optimization of smaller pump is limited.

From the report of SAVE study(13), the potential of energy savings associated with the appropriate pump application are identified as follows:

Proper pump sizing: 4%

Better installation/maintenance: 3%

Improvement on System Design: 10%


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Better System Control: 20%

The consumer behavior is the major consideration for the implementation of new measures and regulation. Main barriers for the implementation of Ecodesign Measures are commonly related to the investment cost and the consumers’ mindset. Most of the consumers are fear of complexity, lack of knowledge about the products or preferred stabilized technologies.

Technical Analysis (14)(15) Technical analysis and the impact assessment are the second stage of the preparatory studies. The technical analysis covered the analysis of different pump groups’ technical characteristics which include the fluid flow and common pump technologies.

The study also took into account different life cycle stages of the pumps:

Production phase

Distribution phase

Use phase

End-of-life phase

Data of the material contents in pumps and the packaging is presented as Bill of Materials (BoMs) in the technical analysis report (Task 4) and will be part of the input of Task 5 analysis.

The main findings from the technical analysis of Lot 28 pumps are:

Wastewater pumps are available in a variety of sizes and configurations to suit the different pumping applications and most of them are centrifugal pumps.

There is a wide range of impellers available for pumping wastewater, these include

Single vane impellers

The impellers are designed to have large free passages that allow solids to easily flow through.

Vortex impellers

The impellers are able to create a whirlpool within the pump body where the solids are able to pass through the pump without coming into contact with the impeller.

From the aspect of motor and system control, wastewater pump are:

Commonly coupled with an AC induction motor

The control is normally based on the fluid level in the wet well

Intelligent network controllers are used for managing multiple pumping stations at once or to enable steady flow control system.

While for ENER Lot 29 pumps, the main findings are:

All the pumps in the study are classified as centrifugal pumps.


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The pump impellers are designed with various dimensions and can be physically trimmed to meet the exact required duty (maximum efficiency is achieved with the full sized impeller).

The efficiency of the pumping operation relies on the appropriate combination of motors, controls and sensors with a pump.

Impact Assessment (16)(17) The previous tasks have formed the basis for the task 5 impact assessment. Base-case (BC) was identified and was used as a “conscious abstraction of reality” to represent a range of similar products on the market. By applying MEEuP Methodology, the EcoReport tool is used to quantify:

The product life cycle contributions on the environmental impacts

The product economic Life Cycle Costs (LCC)

The MEEuP methodology has outlined the selection criteria for the base-cases where the targeted product groups should meet these criteria:

Significant share of market

Significant environment impact

Significant potential of improvement

Seven most appropriate BCs have been selected for the preparatory study of ENER Lot 28 and eleven BCs are selected for preparatory study of ENER Lot 29. The high number of BCs is necessary to cover the broad range of pumps in both lots. Table 5 and Table 6 present the selected BCs for ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 and the related energy data that were referred for the BC selection.

Table 5: Base-Cases selected for ENER Lot 28

Pump Type

Hydraulic pmu power

Energy consumption of

stock

Share of energy consumption

kW GWh/year %

BC 1 Centrifugal submersible pump: Radial sewage pumps 1 to 160 kW

7 15,028 56

BC2 Centrifugal submersible pump: Mixed flow & axial pumps

50 858 3

BC3 Centrifugal submersible pump – once a day operation 2 70 0.26

BC 4 Centrifuge submersible domestic drainage pump < 40 mm passage

0.3 88 0.33

BC5 Submersible dewatering pumps 7 2,940 11

BC6 Centrifugal dry well pump 10 3,267 12

BC 7 Slurry Pumps 75 4,450 17


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Table 6: Base-Cases selection for ENER Lot 29

Base-case Pump type (and sub-categories)

Hydraulic pump power

Energy consumption

of stock

Share of energy consumption

kW GWh/yr %

BC-1 SPPS Domestic with built in strainer up to 2.2 kW 1.4 17,870 12.4

BC-2 SPPL Domestic/commercial with built in strainer over 2.2 kW 5 3,105 2.2

BC-3 FPP Fountain and pond pumps to 1 kW 0.02 266 0.2

BC-4 & 5 AP

Aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium - non-commercial) to 120 W

0.005 421 0.3

Aquarium power head to 120W 0.005 18 0

BC-6 SPA Spa pumps for domestic & commercial spa’s 1.1 19 0

BC-7 CCP Counter-Current Pumps 3 72 0

BC-8 ESCC ES Close Coupled from 150 kW to 1 MW 150 1,080 0.7

BC-9 ESCCIL ES Close Coupled Inline from 150 kW to 1 MW 150 1,080 0.7

BC-10 ESOB ES Own Bearing from 150 kW to 1 MW 325 10,725 7.4

BC-11 SBHP

8” Submersible bore-hole pumps 33 27,899 19.3



Submersible bore-hole pumps larger than 12” 288 6,516 4.5

BC-12 VMSP

Vertical multi-stage pump (25 to 40 bar and/or 100 to 180 m3/hr)

68 10,649 7.4

Vertical multi-stage pump (>40 bar and/or >180 m3/hr) 125 2,480 1.7

The environmental impacts of the Base-Cases throughout all the life cycle stages are examined. The results calculated using the EcoReport tool detailed the impacts from production phase, distribution phase, use phase and end-of-life phase. Moreover, the methodology tracks 17 environmental impact categories, that are classified into three main categories:

Resources and waste

Total energy (GER - gross energy requirement)

Electricity (in primary MJ)

Water (process)

Water (cooling)

Waste, non hazardous/landfill

Waste, hazardous/incinerated

Emissions (air)

Greenhouse gases in GWP100


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Ozone depletion, emissions

Acidification, emissions

Volatile organic compounds (VOC)

Persistent organic pollutants (POP)

Heavy metals into air

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Particulate matter (PM, dust)

Emissions (water)

Heavy metals into water

Eutrophication


The outcome of the environmental analysis for BC-1 in Lot 28 is illustrated in Figure 11. BC-1 is one of the pump groups that have biggest potential energy saving within the pumps study in Lot 28. The results showed that use phase is the predominant phase that contributes to the environmental impacts which is also the typical results from most of the pump groups that have been studied. The same analysis using the MEEuP methodology has been carried out for all the BCs that have been listed in Table 5 and Table 6. The complete reports of Task 5 as well as a sample Ecoreport are attached in the annexes.

Figure 11: Distribution of the BC-1 environmental impacts by life cycle phase (extracted from Task 5)

From the Ecoreport analysis on 18 BCs, it can be concluded that

For both ENER Lot 28and Lot 29 BCs, the use phase is the dominating phase that contributes to significant environmental impacts.

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%

Material Manufacturing Distribution Use End-of-life


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The second largest contribution to environmental impacts is the production phase whereby the main contribution is to non-hazardous waste generation/ landfill, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP), Heavy Metals into air and water, PAHs and Eutrophication.

Distribution phase contributes to particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and PAHs.

End-of-life phase contributes to hazardous/incinerated waste generation, heavy metal in air and water, particulate matter and Eutrophication.

The results from the analysis will be used as a reference when analyzing the improvement potential of design options in Task 6.

Life cycle cost (LCC) is also analyzed with EcoReport tool and all the consumer expenditures throughout the life span of the product are considered which include average sales prices, the average installation costs, average repair and maintenance costs. Moreover, the operational cost such as average electricity rates, average lifetime of the Base-Case and average annual energy consumption are also incorporated into the calculation.

Table 7: Life cycle cost of BC-1 to BC-7 for ENER Lot 28

BC-1 BC-2 BC-3 BC-4 BC-5 BC-6 BC-7*

% % % % % % %

Product price 30% 20% 73% 47% 34% 20% -

Installation/ acquisition costs (if any) 5% 3% 21% 47% 2% 3% -

Electricity 63% 76% 1% 1% 63% 76% -

Repair & maintenance costs 2% 1% 4% 5% 1% 1% -

Total LCC (Euro) 11,313 50,061 2,647 639 14,768 20,196 -

*BC-7 is added into the scope after the second stakeholder meeting held recently. Data compilation is still ongoing for this BC.

Table 8: Life cycle cost of BC-1 to BC-12 for ENER Lot 29

BC-1 BC-2 BC-3 BC-4&5 BC-6 BC-7 BC-8 BC-9 BC-10 BC-11 BC-12

% % % % % % % % % % %

Product price 8 5 64 79 19 69 <1 <1 <1 2 1

Installation/ acquisition costs

(if any)

4 1 0 0 32 25 <1 <1 <1 1 <1

Electricity cost 88 94 30 21 48 5 99 99 100 98 98

Repair & maintenance costs

<1 <1 5 0 1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1

Total LCC (Euro) 6,313 42,884 389 123 1,422 2,003 1,624,871 1,624,871 2,925,465 241,782 432,285


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In general, the energy cost during the use phase is the main contribution to the life cycle cost (LCC) for most BCs. Therefore, the gains in energy efficiency of these pumps significantly reduce the LCC. BCs in this category are:

ENER Lot 28: BC-1, BC-2, BC-5 and BC-6 (energy cost is more than 60% of LCC).

ENER Lot 29: BC-1, BC-2, BC-8, BC-9, BC-10, BC-11 and BC-12 (energy cost is more than 85% of LCC).

For some of the other cases, product price is the major contribution of LCC cost when the pump has low operating hours. The BCs that fall under this category are:

ENER Lot 28: BC-3 and BC-4

ENER Lot 29: BC-3, BC-4&5 and BC-7

The result of the impact analysis is still at the preliminary stage and very much affected by the data from the market information and technical analysis presented in the previous section. For ENER Lot 28, the life cycle cost for BC-4 is anticipated to be at the high end thus the input data from previous task will be rectified. The main contribution to the total energy consumption cost of ENER Lot 29 is from BC-11 which has high average hydraulic power requirement. However, stakeholder doubt that the total energy consumption for ENER Lot 29 will surplus the total energy consumption of TREN Lot 11 pumps which consists of the wide group of water pumps with the capacity up to 150kW.

The highest contribution to overall environmental impacts at the EU level for both lots is identified and the outcomes are:

ENER Lot 28

BC 1 (Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1 to 160 kW) represents more than 50% of both the overall energy consumption and the overall greenhouse gas emissions of ENER Lot 28 pumps.

The high contribution of environmental impacts caused by the large number of centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps for 1 to 160 kW installed in the EU. Moreover, the annual energy consumption of the pumps is high.

ENER Lot 29

BC-11 (submersible borehole pumps) represents more than 65% of both the overall energy consumption and the overall greenhouse gas emissions ENER Lot 29 pumps.

The high environmental impact is due to the significant number of submersible borehole pumps with the high hydraulic power requirement is installed in the EU.

Task 5 results indicate that the assessment on improvement of the energy efficiency of these pumps is essential. Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products are presented in the Table 9.

Environment analysis has reflected that the impacts are mainly from the use phase thus the environment impacts are contributed by the activity in related to energy consumption. Therefore,


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the result again indicated that the main focus for the implementation measures should be on energy efficiency.

Table 9: Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products

Geographical

scope

Primary Energy consumption per year (PJ)

Primary Energy

consumption per year

(TWh)

Emissions mtCO2eq per

year

Emissions ktSO2eq per

year

ENER Lot 11 EU-25 1,496 415.6 64 386

ENER Lot 29 EU-27 1,517 421.4 66 391

ENER Lot 28 EU-27 194 53.8 9 51


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Chapter 7: Conclusion

The Ecodesign preparatory studies are part of the action plan toward EU 2020 target to improve energy efficiency and achieving the target of 20% reduction in primary energy use compare with projected levels by 2020.

ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 (water and wastewater pumps) representing a significant proportion of EU energy consumption, where the total annual energy consumption for each lot are 27.6 TWh and 80.5 TWh respectively. There is a great potential of energy saving for pumps through improving the technical aspects and appropriate application of the pumps. Nonetheless, consumer behaviour is one of the main barriers that have to be taken into consideration.

Throughout the product life cycle, use phase is the main phase that required great energy consumption as well as having the highest cost and environmental impacts. Therefore, the main focus for the Ecodesign implementation measures should target on energy efficiency during use phase.

The studies clearly defined the pump groups and provide a complete compilation of market data for EU pumps, which is essentially meaningful in understand the current pump industries. The life cycle assessment (LCA) had quantified the potential energy saving as well as the possible improvement in environmental performance, which subsequently will be the main consideration for the selection of implementing measures.

The involvement in the second stage of the Ecodesign directive had allowed substantial contributions in formulating indispensable results for the EU to move forward in achieving the goal of sustainability.

Some of the minor issues occurred during the preparatory studies of ENER Lot 28 and ENER Lot 29 are related to the accuracy of the compiled data and the limitation of MEEuP methodology. Extensive market survey activities are prolonged to ensure adequate duration for the stakeholders to response. On the other hand, MEEuP/ MEErP method has some limitation as certain parameter is preset in the EcoReport tool. This tool should be upgraded to provide more flexibility in adjusting the parameters in accordance to product needs and improve the accuracy of LCA results.


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Chapter 8: Next Step (Recommendation)

The Ecodesign Directive will move on to the next stage to develop new implementing measures, the results from task 5 will be used as the point-of-reference. Best available technologies (BAT) and Best not available technologies (BNAT) will be analyzed in task 6. Then design options and policy options are identified in task 7 and task 8.

It is highly recommended that the project team focusing on the pump energy performance when determining the most cost effective and energy efficiency option. The efficiency could be improved through better product and system design; appropriate pump application and increase environmental consciousness among the users.

Removing worst pump in the market by stages could be one of the policy options. A 10% of worst pump cut-off by the next three years would be a reasonable option that could bring a notable reduction in total energy consumption. In conjunction with that, Eco-Labelling could also provide informative energy data and encourage proper pump application.

Furthermore, the European standardisation organization is suggested to develop an appropriate test standard to measure the performance of wastewater pump against the ability to handle wastewater as well as resist to clogging and wearing. The wastewater pump testing standard will allow a more accurate measurement on the pump hydraulic efficiency.


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Chapter 9: From Challenge to Achievement

Ecodesign Directive is not a pure technical research but a real process to determine the regulation for a continent that consists of 27 countries, a continent that leading the world in sustainability development. The substantial impact is far more than EU level but will influence the lifestyle of every individual all around the world from the aspects of product application extend to the living environment. Therefore, careful consideration of setting implementation measures is required from every aspect.

In addition to the technical feasibility, other issues that needed to be taken into account during the studies including the adaptability of the consumers, market needs, competitiveness of products and the side effects that might occur. It is a challenging decision making for the working group and the European Commission for determining the balance point between market needs and action plans toward sustainability. Facing the challenge, European Commission successfully developed the most appropriate solutions for a numerous groups of Energy-using and Energy-related products.

The involvement in Ecodesign Directive Preparatory Studies is an invaluable experience not only because the advancement in technical skills but also the exposure to the EU project. The participation in the project and the interaction with the working group enable knowledge sharing and contribute to the work tackling on global issues. This opportunity is an indispensable part of my life, determining the career path toward sustaining the environment.


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References

1. BIO Intelligence Service. Ecodesign Preparatory Studies. DG ENER Lot 28: Pumps for private and public waste water and for fluids with high solid content Presentation Slides. 2013.

2. European Commission. Ecodesign your future. [Online] 2012. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/ecodesign/files/brochure_ecodesign_en.pdf.

3. European Commission. Establishment of the Working Plan 2012-2014 under the Ecodesign Directive. [Online] 2012. Establishment of the Working Plan 2012-2014 under the Ecodesign Directive.

4. BIO Intelligence Service. Ecodesign. [Online] http://www.biois.com/en/menu-en/expertise-en/measure-en/new-m/preparatory-studies-ecodesign-directive.html.

5. European Commission. MEErP 2011 Methodology Report Part 1: Methods. s.l. : European Commission, 2011.

6. European Commission. European Commission. Sustainable and responsible business: Ecodesign methodology. [Online] 2013. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/ecodesign/methodology/index_en.htm.

7. BIO Intelligence Service. ENER Lot 28 – Pumps for Private and Public Wastewater and for Fluids with High Solids Content – Task 1: Definition. 2013.

8. BIO Intelligence Service,. ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for Private and Public Swimming Pools, Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean water pumps larger than those regulated under ENER Lot 11) – Task 1: Definition - Working Document. 2013.

9. BIO Intelligence Service. ENER Lot 28 – Pumps for Private and Public Wastewater and for Fluids with High Solids Content – Task 2: Economic and Market Analysis. 2013.

10. BIO Intelligence Service. ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for Private and Public Swimming Pools, Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean water pumps larger than those regulated under ENER Lot 11) – Task 2: Economic and Market Analysis - Working Document. 2013.

11. BIO Intelligence Service. ENER Lot 28 – Pumps for Private and Public Wastewater and for Fluids with High Solids Content – Task 3: Consumer Behaviour and Local Infrastructure. 2013.

12. BIO Intelligence Service. ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for Private and Public Swimming Pools, Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean water pumps larger than those regulated under ENER Lot 11) – Task 3: Consumer Behaviour and Local Infrastructure - Working Document. 2013.

13. ETSU, AEAT PLC. Study on Improving the Efficiency of Pumps. 2001.

14. BIO Intelligence Service. ENER Lot 28 – Pumps for Private and Public Wastewater and for Fluids with High Solids Content – Task 4: Technical Analysis. 2013.


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15. BIO Intelligence Service. ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for Private and Public Swimming Pools, Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean water pumps larger than those regulated under ENER Lot 11) – Task 4: Technical Analysis - Working Document. 2013.

16. BIO Intelligence Service. ENER Lot 28 – Pumps for Private and Public Wastewater and for Fluids with High Solids Content – Task 5: Definition of base-cases. 2013.

17. BIO Intelligence Service. ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for Private and Public Swimming Pools, Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean water pumps larger than those regulated under ENER Lot 11) – Task 5: Definition of base-cases - Working Document. 2013.


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Annexes

1. ENER Lot 28 – Pumps for Private and Public Wastewater and for Fluids with High Solids Content – Task 5: Definition of base-cases

2. ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for Private and Public Swimming Pools, Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean water pumps larger than those regulated under ENER Lot 11) – Task 5: Definition of base-cases

3. Sample of EcoReport Analysis

Work on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC

ENER Lot 28– Pumps for private and public wastewater and for fluids with high solids content – Task 5: Definition of base-case – Working document

Draft Report to the European Commission, DG ENER 26 April 2013

Developed by:


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Document information

CLIENT European Commission, DG ENER

CONTRACT NUMBER ENER/C3/403/2010

REPORT TITLE ENER Lot 28– Pumps for private and public wastewater and for fluids with high solids content – Task 5: Definition of base-case – Working document

PROJECT NAME Work on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC

PROJECT CODE ENER Lot 28

PROJECT TEAM BIO Intelligence Service, Atkins

DATE 26 April 2013

AUTHORS Mr. Sandeep Pahal, BIO Intelligence Service Mr. Benoit Tinetti, BIO Intelligence Service Mr. Shailendra Mudgal, BIO Intelligence Service Dr. Hugh Falkner, Atkins Mr. Keeran Jugdoyal, Atkins

KEY CONTACTS Mr. Sandeep Pahal [email protected]

Or

Mr. Shailendra Mudgal [email protected]

DISCLAIMER This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. The project team does not accept any liability for any direct or indirect damage resulting from the use of this report or its content.

Please cite this publication as: BIO Intelligence Service (2013), Work on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC, ENER Lot 28– Pumps for private and public wastewater and for fluids with high solids content – Task 5: Definition of base-case – Working document prepared for. European Commission, DG ENER

Photo credit: cover @ Per Ola Wiberg ©BIO Intelligence Service 2013


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Table of Contents

TASK 5: DEFINITION OF BASE-CASE 7

5.1 Overview of base-cases 8

5.1.1 Criteria for defining base-cases 8

5.2 Product specific inputs 11

5.2.1 Centrifugal submersible pumps 11

5.2.2 Centrifugal dry well pumps 13

5.2.3 Slurry pumps 14

5.2.4 Positive displacement pump 15

5.3 Base-case environmental impacts 17

5.3.1 BC-1: Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pump 1-160 kW 18

5.3.2 BC-2: Centrifugal submersible mixed flow & axial pump 20

5.3.3 BC-3: Centrifugal submersible once a day operation pump 22

5.3.4 BC-4: Centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump < 40 mm passage 24

5.3.5 BC-5: Submersible dewatering pump 26

5.3.6 BC-6: centrifugal dry well pump 28

5.3.7 BC-7: Slurry pump 30

5.3.8 BC-8: Archimedean screw pump 31

5.3.9 BC-9: Peristaltic pump 33

5.4 Base-case life cycle costs 35

5.5 EU Totals 37

5.5.1 Life-cycle environmental impact at EU-27 level 37

5.5.2 Life-cycle costs at EU-27 level 39

5.5.3 EU-27 total system impact 40

5.6 Conclusions 40


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List of Tables

Table 5.1: Overview of ENER Lot 28 pumps product Base-Cases in 2011 9

Table 5.2: Summary of ENER Lot 28 pumps product Base-Cases 10

Table 5.3: Inputs in the End-of-life phase of BC-1 to BC-9 11

Table 5.4: Bill of materials of BC-1 to BC-5 11

Table 5.5: Inputs in the use phase of BC-1 and BC-5 12

Table 5.6: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-1 to BC-5 12

Table 5.7 Bill of materials of BC-6 13

Table 5.8 Inputs in the use phase of BC-6 14

Table 5.9 Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-6 14

Table 5.10 Bill of materials of BC-7 14

Table 5.11 Inputs in the use phase of BC-7 15

Table 5.12 Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-7 15

Table 5.13 Bill of materials of BC-8 and 9 15

Table 5.14 Inputs in the use phase of BC-8 and 9 16

Table 5.15 Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-8 and 9 16

Table 5.16: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-1: Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pump 1-160 kW 18

Table 5.17: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-2: centrifugal submersible mixed flow & axial pump 20

Table 5.18: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-3: centrifugal submersible once a day operation pump 22

Table 5.19: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-4: centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump < 40 mm passage 24

Table 5.20: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-5: Submersible dewatering pump 26

Table 5.21: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-6: Centrifugal Dry Well Pump 28

Table 5.22: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-7: Slurry pump 30

Table 5.23: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-8: Archimedean screw pump 31

Table 5.24: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-9: Peristaltic pump 33

Table 5.25: EcoReport outcomes of the LCC calculations for all the Base cases 36

Table 5.26: EU-27 total impact of the installed stock (2011) of the Base-Cases 38


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Table 5.27: EU-27 total annual consumer expenditure (2011) 39

Table 5.28 Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products 40


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List of Figures

Figure 5-1: Distribution of the BC-1’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase 19









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Task 5: Definition of Base-Case

his task provides an environmental and economic assessment of the average EU pumps for private and public wastewater and for fluids with high solid contents covered in the ENER Lot 28 preparatory study, also known as the “Base-Cases” (BCs). A ‘BC’ is “a conscious abstraction of reality” used to represent the average of a range of similar

products on the market. The aim of the assessment is to quantify:

the environmental impacts of the selected Base-Cases throughout its life

the economic Life Cycle Costs (LCC)

The assessment includes all stages of the Base-Case’s life from the extraction of the materials contained within its components, to the disposal of these materials at the end-of-life. The environmental impacts are determined by a well-established methodology known as Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). In this study a simplified LCA tool is used to calculate the environmental impacts and LCC. The tool, which is called EcoReport, is part of the MEEuP methodology, required by the European Commission for undertaking all preparatory studies under the Ecodesign Directive.1

While this study has been completed as comprehensively and accurately as possible, it relies on data which has been extrapolated from literature and information provided by stakeholders. The performance of real-life appliances can vary substantially from the data provided in this report. This is understood and mitigated as much as possible, while handling and calculating the data during the analysis, however rough approximations are ultimately unavoidable. The results of the study nevertheless are valuable as they represent the best indication to date of the environmental impacts of the ENER Lot 28 pumps in the EU.

The description of the Base-Cases is the synthesis of the results of Tasks 1 to 4 of this preparatory study. The environmental and life cycle cost analyses of the selected Base-Cases provide the main results of this study and it serves as the point-of-reference for Task 6 (technical analysis of Best Available Technologies), Task 7 (improvement potential), and Task 8 (policy analysis).

1 MEEuP – Methodology Study Eco-design of Energy Using Products. Kemna, R. et al. (VHK) for DG ENTR of the European Commission, MEEuP Methodology Final Report, 2005. Accessible at: ec.europa.eu/enterprise/eco_design/finalreport1.pdf

T


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5.1 Overview of base-cases

5.1.1 Criteria for defining base-cases

According to the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC), the products subject to future establishment of implementing measures should meet three criteria:

Significant market share

Significant environmental impact

Significant improvement potential

The implementing measures target appliances that are common on the EU market, bear a large environmental burden, and have the potential to improve their environmental performance. An appliance that does not meet any of these three criteria provides little opportunity for policy action, and therefore is not considered as a BC. As previously mentioned, BCs are not necessarily representative of real products. When two products have a similar functionality, bill of materials (BoM), technology and efficiency, they can be represented by a single BC. For further justification of the criteria for selecting Base-Cases, please refer to the MEEuP methodology2. It is out of the scope of this study to reflect further upon how and why Base-Cases should be chosen.

Table 5.1 shows the selection of these Base-Cases based on preliminary information gathered from industry stakeholders and technical literature. The total energy consumption of the product stock at EU-27 level is estimated for the year 2011. The specific energy saving potentials estimates have been provided by stakeholders. Nine3 most appropriate BCs for this study have been selected through discussion with the the stakeholders, using the above criteria as guidelines.

Such a high number of BCs is necessary to cover the broad range of ENER Lot 28 water pumps. The main parameters of the selected Base-Cases are presented in Table 5.1 and Table 5.2.

2 MEEuP – Methodology Study Eco-design of Energy Using Products, Kemna, R. et. al. (VHK) for DG ENTR of the European Commission, MEEuP Methodology Final Report, 2005, accessible at ec.europa.eu/enterprise/eco_design/finalreport1.pdf 3 Please Note that the last three base cases (BC7-BC 9) might be discarded after the 2nd Stakeholder meeting owing to their exclusion from the scope of ENER Lot 28 study, as previously explained in the Task 1 report. This would eventually bring down the total number of base cases to six.

Work on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC | 9

Table 5.1: Overview of ENER Lot 28 pumps product Base-Cases in 2011

Pump Type

Stock in 2011

Sales in 2011

Hydraulic pmu

power*

Operating hours

Energy consumption/

unit

Energy consumption of stock

Share of energy

consumption

EPA savings for 2011 stock

Share of savings for 2011 stock Base-case

Units Units kW Hours/year kWh/year GWh/year % GWh %

Centrifugal submersible pump

Radial sewage pumps 1 to 10 kW 1 120 000 160 000 4 1 000 3 400 3 808 13.8% 381 16%

BC-1 Radial sewage pumps >10 to 25 kW 120 000 12 000 15 1 500 19 125 2 295 8.3% 230 9%

Radial sewage pumps >25 to 160 kW 70 000 5 000 75 2 000 127 500 8 925 32.3% 714 29%

Mixed flow & axial pumps 20 000 2 500 50 5 000 42 875 858 3.1% 86 4% BC-2

Centrifugal submersible pump – once a day operation

Shredding, grinding pumps 280 000 50 000 2 30 45 13 0.0% 0.04 0.002%

BC-3 Radial sewage pumps 1 to 10 kW 910 000 130 000 2 30 48 44 0.2% 0.06 0.003%

Where volute is part of a tank 385 000 55 000 2 30 36 14 0.1% 0.06 0.003%

Centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump < 40 mm passage 12 250 000 1 500 000 0.3 30 7 88 0.3% 13 0.55% BC-4

Submersible dewatering pumps 280 000 40 000 7 2 000 10 500 2 940 10.6% 441 18% BC-5

Centrifugal dry well pump

Radial sewage pumps 1 to 10 kW 150 000 20 000 6 1 000 5 100 765 2.8% 77 3%

BC-6 Radial sewage pumps >10 to 25 kW 37 500 5 000 15 1 500 19 125 717 2.6% 72 3%

Radial sewage pumps >25 to 160 kW 14 000 1 000 75 2 000 127 500 1 785 6.5% 143 6%

Mixed flow & axial pumps 2 000 100 150 250 31 900 64 0.2% 3 0.107% -

Slurry Pumps** 75 000 6 700 2 - 1200+ 500-6000 59 333 4 450 16.1% 215 9% BC-7

Archimedean screw pump** 12 500 500 75 2 500 56 248 703 2.5% 28 1% BC-8

Progressing cavity pump** 250 000 25 000 8 2 625 20 5 0.0% 1 0.021% -

Peristaltic pump** 34 500 4 200 5 2 500 4 733 163 0.6% 20 0.81% BC-9

Total 16 010 500 2 017 000 27 636 2 421 100% 9


* Calculated as ((Hydraulic pump power * Annual operating hours) +20%) * EU Stock in 2011

Table 5.2: Summary of ENER Lot 28 pumps product Base-Cases

Stock in 2011

Sales in 2011

Hydraulic pmu

power

Operating hours

Energy consumption/

unit

Energy consumption of stock

Share of energy

consumption

EPA savings for 2011 stock

Share of savings for 2011 stock

Units Units kW Hours/year kWh/year GWh/year % GWh %

Base Case 1 Centrifugal submersible pump: Radial sewage pumps 1 to 160 kW

1 310 000 177 000 7 1 062 7 972 15 028 54% 1 324 55%

Base Case 2 Centrifugal submersible pump: Mixed flow & axial pumps

20 000 2 500 50 5 000 42 875 858 3% 86 4%

Base Case 3 Centrifugal submersible pump – once a day operation 1 575 000 235 000 2 30 45 70 0% 0.2 0%

Base Case 4 Centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump < 40 mm passage

12 250 000 1 500 000 0.3 30 7 88 0.3% 13 1%

Base Case 5 Submersible dewatering pumps 280 000 40 000 7 2 000 10 500 2 940 11% 441 18%

Base Case 6 Centrifugal dry well pump 201 500 26 000 10 1 135 12 505 3 267 12% 291 12%

Base Case 7 Slurry Pumps** 75 000 6 700 75 790 59 333 4 450 16% 215 9%

Base Case 8 Archimedean screw pump** 12 500 500 75 2 500 56 248 703 3% 28 1%

Base Case 9 Peristaltic pump** 34 500 4 200 5 2 500 4 733 163 1% 20 1%

Total 15 758 500 1 991 900 27 568 2 418 100%

** The pump types highlighted in yellow colour in the table above may not be considered in ENER Lot 28 study for reasons already explained in the Task 1 report.


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5.2 Product specific inputs In this section a description of the characteristics of the selected Base-Cases and the specific inputs needed for the environmental and economic analysis are presented, as well as the justification of all the assumptions made.

The information used in the environmental and economic analysis of the Base-Cases hereunder is provided by stakeholders and completed with information taken from publicly available literature.

The electricity rates are taken from the MEErP methodology and are a fixed value to be used across all ErP preparatory studies. The discount rate is defined as the interest rate minus the inflation rate. A discount rate of 4% (same for all Base-Cases) was also obtained from MEErP methodology. The discount rate is used for the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis.

For the end of life phase, the same approach as in the ENER Lot 11 is followed. The percentage (by weight) of the product destined to landfill is estimated to be 8%. From the recovered share of plastics, 1% is destined to closed loop recycling, 9% is destined to materials recycling and the rest (90%) to thermal recycling (energy recovery). In order to be used in the EcoReport tool, the reuse, recycling and incineration rates have been recalculated to sum up 100% of the plastic fraction. The recycling rate of the metal and miscellaneous fraction is fixed by the MEEuP at 95%.

Table 5.3: Inputs in the End-of-life phase of BC-1 to BC-9

Disposal: Environmental Costs per kg final product

Landfill (fraction products not recovered) (%) 8%

Re-use, Recycling Benefit

Plastics: Re-use, Closed Loop Recycling (%) 1%

Plastics: Materials Recycling (%) 9%

Plastics: Thermal Recycling (%) 90%

5.2.1 Centrifugal submersible pumps

5.2.1.1 Inputs in the production and distribution phase

The average quantities of materials used for production and packaging of centrifugal submersible pump base cases are provided in Table 5.4. The biggest share of overall materials used for BC-1 to BC-4 is comprised of “other ferrous metals”, while for BC-5 it is “non- ferrous metals”.

Table 5.4: Bill of materials of BC-1 to BC-5

BC-1 BC-2 BC-3 BC-4 BC-5

Max. power rating [kW] 39 150 7 1 5

Product weight [kg] 114 400 45 40 50

Packaging weight [kg] 21 120 17.6 1 1


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Volume of package product [m3] 0.8 2 0.7 0.5 0.8

Product Content kg % kg % kg % kg % kg %

Steel 24 20 100 25 9 19 6 15 17 34

Cast Iron 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other ferrous metals 75 68 232 58 28 61 16 40 7 14

Non-ferrous metals 13 10 60 15 4 10 4 10 22 44

Plastics 1 1 4 1 4 9 14 34 1 1

Coatings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electronics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other Materials 1 1 4 1 0.4 1 0 1 4 7

Packaging Content kg % kg % kg % kg % kg %

Plastics 0.2 1 0 0 0.2 4 0 0 0 0

Cardboard 0.6 4 0 0 1.2 22 1.0 100 1.0 100

Paper 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

Other (Wood, etc.) 20 95 120 100 16.2 71 0 0 0 0

5.2.1.2 Inputs in the use phase

The annual energy consumption of BC-1 to BC-5 pumps is provided in Table 5.5. On-mode consumption per year refers to the annual energy consumption of different types of pumps corresponding to a base case, weighted per unit of corresponding pump sales in year 2011.

Table 5.5: Inputs in the use phase of BC-1 and BC-5


Product life in years 10 10 8 7 10

On-mode: Energy consumption per year (in kWh)

7 972 42 875 45 7 10 500

5.2.1.3 Economic inputs

The market data, product price and user expenditure inputs provided in Table 5.6 are based on values collected and already described in the Task 2 report.

Table 5.6: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-1 to BC-5


Annual sales 2011 17 7000 2 500 235 000 1 500 000 40 000

EU stock 2011 1 310 000 20 000 1 575 000 12 250 000 280 000


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Average product purchase price (€)

3 400 10 000 1 900 300 5 000

Installation costs (€) 600 1 500 550 300 250

Electricity rate (€/kWh) 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

Repair & maintenance costs (incl. VAT) (€/yr)

310 380 140 40 190

Discount rate (incl. VAT) 4% 4% 4% 4% 4%

5.2.2 Centrifugal dry well pumps


The average quantities of materials used for production and packaging of centrifugal dry well pump base cases are provided in Table 5.7. The biggest share of overall materials used for BC-6 is comprised of “other ferrous metals”.

Table 5.7 Bill of materials of BC-6

BC-6

Max. power rating [kW] 51

Product weight [kg] 107

Packaging weight [kg] 22.5

Volume of package product [m3] 0.9

Product Content kg %

Steel 5 5

Cast Iron 0 0

Other ferrous metals 96 90

Non-ferrous metals 0 0

Plastics 1 1

Coatings 0 0

Electronics 0 0

Other Materials 4 4

Packaging Content kg %

Plastics 0.2 1

Cardboard 0.5 3

Paper 0 0

Other (Wood, etc.) 22 96


The annual energy consumption of BC-6 pumps is provided in Table 5.8. On-mode consumption per year refers to the annual energy consumption of different types of pumps corresponding to a base case, weighted per unit of corresponding pump sales in year 2011.


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Table 5.8 Inputs in the use phase of BC-6

BC-6

Product life in years 15 On-mode: Consumption per year (in kWh) 12 505



Table 5.9 Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-6

BC-6

Annual sales 2011 26 000

EU stock 2011 201 500 Average product purchase price (€) 4 000 Installation costs (€) 625

Electricity rate (€/kWh) 0.11 Repair & maintenance costs (incl. VAT) (€/yr) 320

Discount rate (incl. VAT) 4%

5.2.3 Slurry pumps


The average quantities of materials used for production and packaging of slurry pump base case is provided in Table 5.10.

Table 5.10 Bill of materials of BC-7

BC-7

Max. power rating [kW] TBC

Product weight [kg] TBC

Packaging weight [kg] 4.60

Volume of package product [m3] 10

Product Content kg %

Steel TBC TBC

Cast Iron TBC TBC

Other ferrous metals TBC TBC

Non-ferrous metals TBC TBC

Plastics TBC TBC

Coatings TBC TBC

Electronics TBC TBC

Other Materials TBC TBC

Packaging Content kg %


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BC-7

Plastics 0.5 11

Cardboard 4.0 87

Paper 0.1 2

Other (Wood, etc.) 0 0


The annual energy consumption of BC-7 pumps is provided in Table 5.11. On-mode consumption per year refers to the annual energy consumption of slurry pumps.

Table 5.11 Inputs in the use phase of BC-7

BC-7

Product life in years 8 On-mode: Consumption per year (in kWh) 59 333



Table 5.12 Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-7

BC-7

Annual sales 2011 6 700

EU stock 2011 75 000 Average product purchase price (€) 20 000 Installation costs (€) 5 000

Electricity rate (€/kWh) 0.11 Repair & maintenance costs (incl. VAT) (€/yr) 800 Discount rate (incl. VAT) 4%

5.2.4 Positive displacement pump


The average quantities of materials used for production and packaging of Archimedean screw pump and peristaltic pump base cases are provided in Table 5.13. The biggest share of overall materials used for BC-8 is comprised of “steel” while for BC-9 it is “other ferrous metals”.

Table 5.13 Bill of materials of BC-8 and 9 BC-8 BC-9 Max. power rating [kW] 200 15

Product weight [kg] 10 000 265

Packaging weight [kg] 1 1.3


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BC-8 BC-9 Volume of package product [m3] 10 1.1 Product Content kg % kg % Steel 9 500 95 0 0

Cast Iron 0 0 0 0

Other ferrous metals 0 0 252 95

Non-ferrous metals 500 5 5 2

Plastics 0 0 8 3

Coatings 0 0 0 0

Electronics 0 0 0 0

Other Materials 0 0 0 0

Packaging Content kg % kg % Plastics 0.2 15 0.2 15

Cardboard 1 77 1.0 77

Paper 0.1 8 0.1 8

Other (Wood, etc.) 0 0 0 0


The annual energy consumption of BC-8 and BC-9 pumps is provided in Table 5.14. On-mode consumption per year refers to the annual energy consumption of the pumps.

Table 5.14 Inputs in the use phase of BC-8 and 9 BC-8 BC-9 Product life in years 25 10 On-mode: Consumption per year (in kWh) 56 248 4733



Table 5.15 Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-8 and 9 BC-8 BC-9 Annual sales 2011 500 4200

EU stock 2011 12 500 34500 Average product purchase price (€) 65 000 2500 Installation costs (€) 15 000 800

Electricity rate (€/kWh) 0.11 0.11 Repair & maintenance costs (incl. VAT) (€/yr) 1 100 350 Discount rate (incl. VAT) 4% 4%


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5.3 Base-case environmental impacts This section provides the environmental impacts of the Base-Cases throughout all the life cycle stages. These results were calculated using the EcoReport tool of the MEEuP methodology and based on the inputs presented in the previous section. The MEEuP methodology tracks 17 environmental impact categories, classified in three main categories:

Resources and waste



Water (process)

Water (cooling)



Emissions (air)









Emissions (water)


Eutrophication


The analysis presented in sub-sections below allows the most significant environmental impacts to be determined. It will also be used as a reference when analysing the improvement potential of design options in Task 6.


5.3.1 BC-1: Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pump 1-160 kW

The Table 5.16 presents the contribution of each life cycle stage to the overall environmental impacts of centrifugal submersible radial sewage pump 1-160 kW.

Table 5.16: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-1: Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pump 1-160 kW Life Cycle phases --> Production Distribution Use End of Life Total Material Manuf. Total Disposal Recycl. Total Other Resources & Waste debit credit Total Energy (GER) MJ 3 531 643 4 174 940 837 076 819 363 456 842 646

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ 134 384 518 2 837 039 0 1 -1 837 559

Water (process) ltr 255 6 260 0 55 805 0 0 0 56 065

Water (cooling) ltr 316 178 494 0 2 232 095 0 3 -3 2 232 587

Waste, non-haz./ landfill g 199 750 2 187 201 937 414 972 513 13 204 2 13 202 1 188 066

Waste, hazardous/ incinerated g 14 0 14 8 19 288 1 226 0 1 226 20 536

Emissions (Air) Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 235 36 271 57 36 530 61 27 34 36 893

Ozone Depletion, emissions mg R-11 eq.

negligible

Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 2 504 155 2 659 172 215 563 120 34 87 218 480

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) g 13 0 13 17 315 3 0 3 348

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq 1 319 13 1 332 2 5 500 91 0 91 6 925

Heavy Metals mg Ni eq. 603 31 633 21 14 367 238 0 238 15 259

PAHs mg Ni eq. 152 0 152 38 1 650 0 0 0 1 840

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g 1 159 24 1 183 2 735 4 616 1 066 1 1 065 9 599

Emissions (Water) Heavy Metals mg Hg/20 237 0 237 1 5 399 68 0 68 5 705

Eutrophication g PO4 6 0 7 0 26 4 0 4 36

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq Negligible


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Figure 5-1: Distribution of the BC-1’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase

The use phase is clearly the main predominant phase contributing to the environmental impacts of a centrifugal submersible radial sewage pump 1-160 kW. The following 15 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the use phase:

Total energy (GER) 99.3%

Electricity (in primary MJ) 99.9%

Water (process) 99.5%

Water (cooling) 100%

Waste, non hazardous/landfill 81.9%

Waste, hazardous/incinerated 93.9%

Greenhouse gases in GWP100 99.0%

Acidification, emissions 98.7%

VOC 90.7%

POP 79.4%

Heavy metals into air 94.2%

PAHs 89.7%

Particulate matter (PM, dust) 48.1%

Heavy metals into water 94.6%

Eutrophication 71.0%

Results of the EcoReport modelling indicates that the end-of-life phase has minor contributions to hazardous/incinerated waste generation, particulate matter and eutrophication. The highest contribution of the material acquisition phase is 19.1% to POP. The distribution phase has a contribution of 28.5% to particulate matter and the contribution of the manufacturing phase is less than 1% of the overall environment impacts.

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%



5.3.2 BC-2: Centrifugal submersible mixed flow & axial pump

The Table 5.17 presents the contribution of each life cycle stage to the overall environmental impacts of centrifugal submersible mixed flow and axial pumps.

Table 5.17: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-2: centrifugal submersible mixed flow & axial pump Life Cycle phases --> Production Distribution Use End of Life Total Material Manuf. Total Disposal Recycl. Total Other Resources & Waste debit credit

Total Energy (GER) MJ 15 387 2 441 17 828 2 273 4 502 053 3 087 1 937 1 150 4 523 304

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ 590 1 458 2 048 6 4 501 895 0 2 -2 4 503 947

Water (process) ltr 1 195 22 1 217 0 300 137 0 1 -1 301 353

Water (cooling) ltr 973 676 1 649 0 12 005 016 0 8 -8 12 006 657

Waste, non-haz./ landfill g 875 500 8 361 883 861 959 5 228 507 51 000 6 50 994 6 164 322


Emissions (Air)

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 950 136 1 086 135 196 470 230 143 87 197 778

Ozone Depletion, emissions mg R-11 eq. negligible

Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 11 241 588 11 829 412 1 159 351 453 180 272 1 171 864

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) g 45 1 45 41 1 696 12 2 10 1 793


Heavy Metals mg Ni eq. 2 540 126 2 666 49 77 262 897 0 897 80 874

PAHs mg Ni eq. 708 0 708 91 8 876 0 0 0 9 674


Emissions (Water) Heavy Metals mg Hg/20 956 0 956 2 29 036 257 0 257 30 250


Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq 956


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From the analysis, the use phase is clearly the main predominant phase contributing to the environmental impacts of a centrifugal submersible mixed flow and axial pump. The following 15 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the use phase:


Electricity (in primary MJ) 100%







VOC 94.6%

POP 84.2%


PAHs 91.7%




Results of the EcoReport modelling indicates that material acquisition phase has some minor contributions to generation of non-hazardous/landfill waste, POP, particulate matter and Eutrophication. The distribution phase and end-of-life phase contribute 17.3% and 10.2% respectively to particulate matter emission to air. The contribution of the manufacturing phase is less than 1% of the overall environment impacts.

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%



5.3.3 BC-3: Centrifugal submersible once a day operation pump

The Table 5.18 presents the contribution of each life cycle stage to the overall environmental impacts of centrifugal submersible once a day operation pumps.

Table 5.18: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-3: centrifugal submersible once a day operation pump Life Cycle phases --> Production Distribution Use End of Life Total

Material Manuf. Total Disposal Recycl. Total Other Resources & Waste debit credit

Total Energy (GER) MJ 1 794 362 2 156 829 3 764 570 451 120 6 869


Water (process) ltr 177 3 180 0 251 0 1 -1 431

Water (cooling) ltr 218 101 319 0 9 983 0 8 -8 10 295

Waste, non-haz./ landfill g 71 179 1 196 72 375 369 5 063 6 131 6 6 126 83 933

Waste, hazardous/ incinerated g 23 0 23 7 86 3 363 1 3 362 3 479

Emissions (Air) Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 97 20 118 50 164 43 33 10 342


Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 913 87 1 000 152 974 84 41 43 2 169


Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq 473 5 478 2 29 42 0 42 551

Heavy Metals mg Ni eq. 215 11 226 19 66 161 0 161 472

PAHs mg Ni eq. 54 0 54 33 8 0 0 0 96

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g 433 13 446 2 393 25 741 1 740 3 605

Emissions (Water)

Heavy Metals mg Hg/20 85 0 85 1 25 47 0 47 158


Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq negligible


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The material acquisition phase, use phase and end-of-life phase are clearly the three predominant phases contributing to the environmental impacts of a centrifugal submersible once a day operation pump.

The following 5 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the material acquisition phase:


POP 85.8%

PAHs 56.8%



The following 4 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the use phase:




Water (cooling) 97.0%

End-of-life phase also has a contribution of 96.7% to hazardous/ incinerated waste. The distribution phase contributes 66.4% to the particulate matter emissions to air.

-10%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%


ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for public and private swimming pools, ponds, fountains and aquariums


5.3.4 BC-4: Centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump < 40 mm passage

The Table 5.19 presents the contribution of each life cycle stage to the overall environmental impacts of centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump <40mm passage.

Table 5.19: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-4: centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump < 40 mm passage Life Cycle phases --> Production Distribution Use End of Life Total

Material Manuf. Total Disposal Recycl. Total Other Resources & Waste debit credit

Total Energy (GER) MJ 1 835 698 2 533 607 540 1 057 745 312 3 992

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ 157 420 576 1 520 0 5 -5 1 093

Water (process) ltr 77 6 84 0 35 0 3 -3 115

Water (cooling) ltr 480 197 677 0 1 379 0 29 -29 2 028


Waste, hazardous/ incinerated g 76 0 76 6 13 12 240 3 12 237 12 331

Emissions (Air)

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 81 39 120 37 24 79 52 27 208


Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 821 167 988 112 142 158 67 91 1 333


Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq 327 3 330 2 7 28 0 28 367

Heavy Metals mg Ni eq. 168 8 175 14 11 288 0 288 488

PAHs mg Ni eq. 52 0 52 25 2 0 0 0 78

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g 266 26 292 1 709 6 1 370 2 1 368 3 375

Emissions (Water)

Heavy Metals mg Hg/20 62 0 62 0 4 88 0 88 154




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The material acquisition phase, use phase and end-of-life phase are clearly the three predominant phases contributing to the environmental impacts of a centrifugal submersible domestic drainage pump <40mm passage.

The following 5 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the material acquisition phase:




POP 89.2%

PAHs 66.5%

The following 4 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the end-of-life phase:


Heavy Metal into air 59.0%

Heavy Metal into water 57.1%


The use phase also has a contribution of 68.0% to water cooling process and the distribution phase contributes 58.5% to VOC.

-10%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%



5.3.5 BC-5: Submersible dewatering pump

The Table 5.20 presents the contribution of each life cycle stage to the overall environmental impacts of submersible dewatering pumps.

Table 5.20: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-5: Submersible dewatering pump Life Cycle phases --> Production Distribution Use End of Life Total

Material Manuf. Total Disposal Recycl. Total

Other Resources & Waste debit credit

Total Energy (GER) MJ 2 947 375 3 322 940 1 102 533 309 42 267 1 107 063

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ 92 224 315 2 1 102 503 0 0 0 1 102 821




Waste, hazardous/ incinerated g 12 0 13 8 25 405 450 0 450 25 876

Emissions (Air)

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 180 21 201 57 48 114 23 3 20 48 392




Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq 896 9 906 2 7 235 34 0 34 8 178


PAHs mg Ni eq. 257 0 257 38 2 175 0 0 0 2 469

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g 223 14 236 2 735 6 066 403 0 402 9 440

Emissions (Water)

Heavy Metals mg Hg/20 209 0 209 1 7 111 26 0 26 7 346




| 27


The use phase is clearly the predominant phase contributing to the environmental impacts of a submersible dewatering pump. The following 15 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the use phase:









VOC 94.9%

POP 88.5%


PAHs 88.1%




Results of the EcoReport modelling indicate that material acquisition phase has some minor contributions to generation of non-hazardous/landfill waste, POP, PAHs and eutrophication. While the end-of-life phase mostly impacts particulate matter and Eutrophication. On the other hand, the manufacturing phase contributes less than 1% of the overall environment impacts. The highest contribution from distribution phase is particulate matter emissions (29.0%).

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%



5.3.6 BC-6: centrifugal dry well pump

The Table 5.21 presents the contribution of each life cycle stage to the overall environmental impacts of centrifugal dry well pumps.

Table 5.21: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-6: Centrifugal Dry Well Pump Life Cycle phases --> Production Distribution Use End of Life Total



Total Energy (GER) MJ 1 932 346 2 277 1 051 1 969 530 783 384 399 1 973 258

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ 137 208 345 3 1 969 511 0 0 0 1 969 857





Emissions (Air)



Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 394 83 477 192 507 153 115 36 79 507 901


Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq 716 3 719 3 12 916 87 0 87 13 725


PAHs mg Ni eq. 2 0 2 42 3 880 0 0 0 3 924


Emissions (Water)




Work on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive

2009/125/EC | 29


The use phase is clearly the predominant phase contributing to the environmental impacts of a centrifugal dry well pump. The following 15 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the use phase:









VOC 95.7%

POP 94.1%


PAHs 98.9%




Results of the EcoReport modelling indicates that material acquisition phase has some minor contributions to POP, particulate matter and eutrophication. The contribution of the manufacturing phase is less than 1% of the overall environment impacts. The highest contribution from distribution phase and end-of-life phase is particulate matter with 18.9% and 6.2% respectively.

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%



5.3.7 BC-7: Slurry pump

The Table 5.22 will present the contribution of each life cycle stage to the overall environmental impacts of slurry pumps.

Table 5.22: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-7: Slurry pump Life Cycle phases --> Production Distribution Use End of Life Total



Total Energy (GER) MJ

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ

Water (process) ltr

Water (cooling) ltr

Waste, non-haz./ landfill g

Waste, hazardous/ incinerated g

Emissions (Air)

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq.


Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) g

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq

Heavy Metals mg Ni eq.

PAHs mg Ni eq.

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g

Emissions (Water)

Heavy Metals mg Hg/20

Eutrophication g PO4



5.3.8 BC-8: Archimedean screw pump

The Table 5.23 presents the contribution of each life cycle stage to the overall environmental impacts of Archimedean screw pumps.

Table 5.23: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-8: Archimedean screw pump Life Cycle phases --> Production Distribution Use End of Life Total



Total Energy (GER) MJ 372 511 151 055 523 566 11 158 14 770 336 54 678 662 54 016 15 359 076

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ 21 650 89 845 111 495 28 14 766 215 0 0 0 14 877 739

Water (process) ltr 15 1 317 1 332 0 984 353 0 0 0 985 685

Water (cooling) ltr 6 41 279 41 285 0 39 374 013 0 0 0 39 415 298

Waste, non-haz./ landfill g 21 552 007 541 072 22 093 079 4 589 17 340 226 980 880 0 980 879 40 418 773

Waste, hazardous/ incinerated g 201 29 230 91 340 234 180 0 180 340 734

Emissions (Air)

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 29 589 8 446 38 035 657 644 721 4 081 49 4 032 687 445


Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 150 786 36 479 187 266 2 012 3 803 886 8 003 62 7 941 4 001 105

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) g 1 321 52 1 373 206 5 575 226 1 226 7 379

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq 256 365 5 114 261 480 26 99 394 6 748 0 6 748 367 648

Heavy Metals mg Ni eq. 48 013 11 981 59 994 233 253 913 16 005 0 16 005 330 145

PAHs mg Ni eq. 6 458 4 6 462 443 29 152 0 0 0 36 056

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g 27 489 5 608 33 097 34 181 81 539 71 189 1 71 187 220 004

Emissions (Water)

Heavy Metals mg Hg/20 36 960 6 36 967 7 95 571 4 544 0 4 544 137 088

Eutrophication g PO4 660 58 717 0 461 260 0 260 1 438



| 32


The use phase is clearly the predominant phase contributing to the environmental impacts of an Archimedean screw pump. The following 11 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the use phase:








VOC 75.5%


PAHs 80.9%


The material acquisition phase has the highest contribution of 69.7% to POP in air.

Results of the EcoReport modelling indicates that the end-of-life phase has contributions of 32.4% to particulate matter and 18.1% to eutrophication indicator. The highest contribution from distribution phase is particulate matter (15.5%). The contribution of the manufacturing phase is relatively low compared to other life cycle phases.

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%



5.3.9 BC-9: Peristaltic pump

The Table 5.24 presents the contribution of each life cycle stage to the overall environmental impacts of peristaltic pumps.

Table 5.24: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-9: Peristaltic pump Life Cycle phases --> Production Distribution Use End of Life Total



Total Energy (GER) MJ 3 698 903 4 601 1 273 497 011 1 954 441 1 513 504 398


Water (process) ltr 370 8 378 0 33 135 0 2 -2 33 511

Water (cooling) ltr 1 174 256 1 430 0 1 325 254 0 17 -17 1 326 668



Emissions (Air)







PAHs mg Ni eq. 68 0 68 51 980 0 0 0 1 098


Emissions (Water)





| 34


The use phase is clearly the predominant phase contributing to the environmental impacts of a peristaltic pump. The following 13 out of the 17 impacts related to the appliance’s life cycle occur mostly during the use phase:









VOC 75.5%

POP 64.6%


PAHs 89.2%


The highest contribution for material acquisition phase is 31.8% of POP to air.

Result of the EcoReport modelling indicates that the end-of-life phase has a contribution of 38.9% to hazardous/incinerated waste generation. Distribution phase contributes 29.7% to particulate matter in air. The contribution of the manufacturing phase is less than 2% of the overall environment impacts.

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%



| 35

5.4 Base-case life cycle costs This section presents the results of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of the Base-Cases using the EcoReport tool. In this analysis, all the consumer expenditures throughout the life of the product are considered which include:

Average sales prices of the Base-Cases (in Euro)

Average installation costs, if any (in Euro)

Average repair and maintenance costs, if any (in Euro)

Average electricity rates (Euro Cent/kWh)

Average lifetime of the Base-Case (in years)

Average annual energy consumption including on-mode, standby and off-mode (in kWh)

This analysis will serve to compare the total expenditure of the different design options identified for each Base-Case.

The life cycle costs are calculated as follows:

퐿퐶퐶 = 푃푃 + 푃푊퐹 ∗ 푂퐸

Where PP is the purchase and installation price, OE is the operating expense and PWF is the present worth factor, calculated as follows:

푃푊퐹 =1− 1

(1 + 푟)푟

Where N is the product life in years and r is the discount rate.


Table 5.25: EcoReport outcomes of the LCC calculations for all the Base cases BC-1 BC-2 BC-3 BC-4 BC-5 BC-6 BC-7 BC-8 BC-9

[€] % [€] % [€] % [€] % [€] % [€] % [€] % [€] % [€] %

Product price 3 373 30% 10 000 20% 1 936 73% 300 47% 5 000 34% 4 038 20% - - 65 000 37% 2 500 32% Installation/ acquisition costs (if any) 573 5% 1 500 3% 559 21% 300 47% 250 2% 625 3% - - 15 000 8% 800 10%

Electricity 7 112 63% 38 253 76% 33 1% 5 1% 9 368 63% 15 294 76% - - 96 658 55% 4 223 54% Repair & maintenance costs 254 2% 308 1% 119 4% 34 5% 150 1% 239 1% - - 687 0% 284 4%

Total 11 313 100% 50 061 100% 2 647 100% 639 100% 14 768 100% 20 196 100% - - 177 346 100% 7 807 100%


| 37

There are similarities between BC-1, BC-2, BC-5, BC-6, BC-8 and BC-9 concerning the life cycle cost. The cost of energy consumption in use phase is the main life cycle cost for these base cases (more than 50% of LCC). The gains in energy efficiency of these pumps may therefore significantly reduce the LCC. For BC-3 and BC-4, the product price has the major contribution to the LCC. These pumps have lower annual operation hours, thus the amount of energy consumed by them is not as significant as the other group of pumps.

5.5 EU Totals In this section the environmental impact data and the Life Cycle Cost data are aggregated at the EU-27 level using stock and market data from Task 2. It is assumed that the entire installed stock in the EU-27 in 2011 is represented by the Base-Cases.

5.5.1 Life-cycle environmental impact at EU-27 level

The aggregated results of the environmental impact per year of the EU stock of products are presented in Table 5.26. The total primary energy consumption per year of the stock of each of the 9 Base-Cases in 2011 in the EU-27 varies significantly depending on the BC, between 1 PJ and 111 PJ.

BC 1 has the highest contribution to the overall environmental impacts at the EU level. BC 1 represents more than 50% of both the overall energy consumption and the overall greenhouse gas emissions. This is due to the large number of centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps for 1 to 160 kW installed in EU and the annual energy consumption of the pumps is high.


Table 5.26: EU-27 total impact of the installed stock (2011) of the Base-Cases Life Cycle phases --> BC-1 BC-2 BC-3 BC-4 BC-5 BC-6 BC-7 BC-8 BC-9 TOTAL

Other Resources & Waste

Total Energy (GER) PJ 111 9 1 5 31 27 NA 8 2 194

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) PJ 110 9 1 1 31 26 NA 7 2 187

Water (process) mln. m3 7 1 0.1 0.1 2 2 NA 0.5 0.1 13

Water (cooling) mln. m3 292 24 2 1 82 71 NA 20 5 497

Waste, non-haz./ landfill kt 166 13 20 96 47 35 NA 20 3 398

Waste, hazardous/ incinerated kt 3 0.2 1 18 1 1 NA 0.2 0.1 24

Emissions (Air)

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 mt CO2 eq. 5 0.4 0.1 0.3 1 1 NA 0 0 9

Ozone Depletion, emissions t R-11 eq. negligible

Acidification, emissions kt SO2 eq. 29 2 0.5 2 8 7 NA 2 0.5 51

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) kt 0.05 0 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 NA 0 0 0.1

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) g i-Teq 1 0.1 0.1 1 0.2 0.2 NA 0.2 0.02 2

Heavy Metals ton Ni eq. 2 0.2 0.1 1 1 0.5 NA 0.2 0.03 4

PAHs ton Ni eq. 0 0.02 0.02 0.1 0.1 0.1 NA 0.02 0 1

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) kt 1 0.1 1 5 0.3 1 NA 0.1 0.1 8

Emissions (Water)

Heavy Metals ton Hg/20 1 0.06 0.04 0.2 0.2 0.2 NA 0.07 0.01 2

Eutrophication kt PO4 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 NA 0 0 0.02

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) g i-Teq negligible


5.5.2 Life-cycle costs at EU-27 level

The aggregated results of the annual consumer expenditure per Base-Case in the EU-27 based on the year 2011 are presented in Table 5.27. This represents the total expenditure at EU level per year, assuming that the Base-Cases represent the entire installed stock in the EU-27.

The product price and the electricity cost are the two predominant aspects of the total annual consumer expenditure at the EU-27 with 42% and 40% respectively. These results also indicate that the assessment of the energy efficiency of these pumps is essential.

Table 5.27: EU-27 total annual consumer expenditure (2011)

BC-1 BC-2 BC-3 BC-4 BC-5 BC-6 BC-7 BC-8 BC-9 TOTAL EU-27

Share of the annual consumer

expenditure by item

Product price (€) 597 25 455 450 200 287 - 33 11 2058 42%

Installation/ acquisition costs (if any) (€) 102 4 131 450 10 44 - 8 3 752 16%

Electricity (€) 1 149 94 8 1 323 277 - 77 18 1947 40%

Repair & maintenance costs (€) 41 1 28 7 5 4 - 1 1 88 2%

Total (€) 1 888 124 622 908 539 613 - 118 33 4845 100%

Share of the annual consumer expenditure by BC

39% 3% 13% 19% 11% 13%

2% 1% 100%


| 40

5.5.3 EU-27 total system impact

In this section, the total environmental impacts calculated for the base-cases at EU-27 level are compared with other results from similar studies. The annual primary energy consumption of the stock of all pumps covered within the ENER Lot 28 preparatory study is around 194 PJ (53.8 TWh).

Table 5.28 Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products

Geographical scope

Energy consumption per year (PJ)

Emissions mtCO2eq per year

Emissions ktSO2eq per year

ENER Lot 11 EU-27 1 496 64 386

ENER Lot 29 EU-27 1,517 66 391

ENER Lot 28 EU-27 194 9 51

From Table 5.28 above, it is evident that the energu consumption of ENER Lot 28 pumps is around 13% that of ENER Lot 11 pumps. ENER Lot 28 pumps contribute 13% to the environmental impacts on the energy consumptions, emissions of CO2 and of SO2 per year.

5.6 Conclusions Task 5 report analysed the environmental impacts and economic costs of the likely nine Base-Cases most relevant for proposing Ecodesign requirements for ENER Lot 28 pumps. The selection of Base-Cases and subsequent analysis was based upon the market analysis presented in Task 2, the consumer behaviour and existing infrastructure described in Task 3 and the technical analysis of products carried out in Task 4. The Base-Cases were constructed as an “abstraction” of the average product in the EU market representing the wide range of products considered in this ENER Lot 28 preparatory study. These Base-Cases are used to estimate the environmental impacts of ENER Lot 28 pump in the EU.

The combined energy consumption of the installed stock of all Base-Cases is around 194 PJ/year. Based on the environmental impact assessment carried out in this chapter using the EcoReport tool, some general findings are observed for all the ENER Lot 28 pumps such as:

The use phase is the most dominant phase of the entire life cycle in the contribution to the environmental impacts.

The material acquisition phase is also a dominant phase especially for BC-3 and BC-4 in terms of non-hazardous/landfill waste generation, POPs, PAHs, particulate matter and Eutrophication.

The manufacturing phase generally has minor contributions to the overall environment impacts compared to other phases.

Distribution phase contributes noticeable impacts to the indicators such as particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and PAHs.


| 41

The end-of-life phase has significant contribution to the indicators such as hazardous/incinerated waste generation, heavy metal in air and water, particulate matter and eutrophication.

It must however be noted that the distribution of the environmental impacts varies considerably across the analysed Base-Cases. For example, more than 90% of contribution to environmental indicators is due to the use phase for some Base-Cases (BC-1, BC-2, BC-5 and BC-6), while for other Base-Cases (BC-3), the use phase and the material acquisition phase have similar contributions (even if distributed differently over the indicators). This is primarily due to the influence of the factors such as the weight of the appliance, its lifespan and its power output.

The environmental and economic analysis of the Base-Cases will serve as point of reference when evaluating the possible improvement potentials in Task 6 and the design options in Task 7.

26 April 2013

20-22 Villa Deshayes 75014 Paris

+ 33 (0) 1 53 90 11 80 biois.com

Work on Preparatory studies for

implementing

Directive 2009/125/EC

ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for Private and Public Swimming Pools,

Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean water pumps

larger than those regulated under Lot 11)

of Base-Case – Working Docume

Draft Report to the European Commission, DG ENER

30 April 2013

Work on Preparatory studies for

implementing measures of the Ecodesign

Directive 2009/125/EC

Pumps for Private and Public Swimming Pools,


larger than those regulated under Lot 11) – Task 5: Definition

Working Document

European Commission, DG ENER

Developed by:

measures of the Ecodesign



Task 5: Definition

2 |


2009/125/EC


CLIENT

CONTRACT NUMBER

REPORT TITLE

PROJECT NAME

PROJECT CODE

PROJECT TEAM

DATE

AUTHORS

KEY CONTACTS

DISCLAIMER

Please cite this publication as:

BIO Intelligence Service (2013),

Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC

Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean water pumps larger than those regulated under Lot

11) – Task 5: Definition of Base-

DG ENER

Photo credit: cover @ Per Ola Wiberg

©BIO Intelligence Service 2013

Task 5: Base



European Commission, DG ENER

ENER/C3/413/2010-LOT29-SI.612164

ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for Private and Public Swimming

Pools, Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean

water pumps larger than those regulated under Lot 11)

Task 5: Definition of Base-Case – Working Document

Work on Preparatory studies for implementing

measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC

ENER Lot 29

BIO Intelligence Service, Atkins

30 April 2013

Mr. Alvaro de Prado Trigo, BIO Intelligence Service

Mr. Benoît Tinetti, BIO Intelligence Service

Mr. Shailendra Mudgal, BIO Intelligence Service

Dr. Hugh Falkner, Atkins

Mr. Keeran Jugdoyal, Atkins

Mr. Alvaro de Prado Trigo

[email protected]

Or

Mr. Shailendra Mudgal

[email protected]

This document has been prepared for the European

Commission however it reflects the views only of the

authors, and the Commission cannot be held

responsible for any use which may be made of the

information contained therein.

The project team does not accept any liability for any

direct or indirect damage resulting from th

report or its content.

), Work on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the

Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC, ENER Lot 29 – Pumps for Private and Public Swimming


-Case – Working Document prepared for. European Commission,

Per Ola Wiberg

Task 5: Base-Case Definition

Pumps for Private and Public Swimming

Pools, Ponds, Fountains, and Aquariums (and clean

water pumps larger than those regulated under Lot 11) –

Working Document


measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC

Mr. Alvaro de Prado Trigo, BIO Intelligence Service

Mr. Benoît Tinetti, BIO Intelligence Service

Mr. Shailendra Mudgal, BIO Intelligence Service

This document has been prepared for the European

it reflects the views only of the

authors, and the Commission cannot be held

responsible for any use which may be made of the

The project team does not accept any liability for any

direct or indirect damage resulting from the use of this

Work on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the



European Commission,



Table of Contents

TASK 5: DEFINITION OF BASE

5.1 Overview of Base-Cases

5.2 Product Specific Inputs

5.2.1 Swimming pool pumps (integrated motor+pump)



5.2.1.3 Inputs in the end


5.2.2 Fountain, pond, aquarium, spa and counter





5.2.3 End suction (ES) water pumps (over 150kW





5.2.4 Submersible borehole pumps and vertical multi





5.3 Base-Case Environmental Impacts

5.3.1 Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer up to 2.2 kW

5.3.2 Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer o

5.3.3 Fountain and pond pumps up to 1 kW

5.3.4 Aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium

power head to 120 W

5.3.5 Spa pumps for domestic and commercial spas

5.3.6 Counter-current pumps

5.3.7 End-suction close coupled pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW

5.3.8 End-suction close coupled inline pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW

Pumps for public and private swimming pools, ponds, fountains and aquariums


s

DEFINITION OF BASE-CASE

Cases

oduct Specific Inputs

Swimming pool pumps (integrated motor+pump)

Inputs in the production and distribution phase

Inputs in the use phase

Inputs in the end-of-life phase

Economic inputs





Economic inputs

End suction (ES) water pumps (over 150kW-P2)




Economic inputs

bmersible borehole pumps and vertical multi-stage pumps




Economic inputs

Case Environmental Impacts

Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer up to 2.2 kW

Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer over 2.2 kW

Fountain and pond pumps up to 1 kW

Aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium - non-commercial) to 120 W and aquarium

Spa pumps for domestic and commercial spas

current pumps

suction close coupled pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW

suction close coupled inline pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW



2009/125/EC | 3

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8

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10

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13

13

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15

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16

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18

19

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23

commercial) to 120 W and aquarium

26

29

31

33

35

4 |


2009/125/EC

5.3.9 End suction own bearin

5.3.10 Submersible borehole pumps

5.3.11 Vertical multistage pumps

5.4 Base-Case Life Cycle Costs

5.5 EU Totals

5.5.1 Life-cycle environmental impact at EU

5.5.2 Life-cycle costs at EU-27 level


5.6 Conclusions

Task 5: Base


End suction own bearing pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW

Submersible borehole pumps

Vertical multistage pumps

Case Life Cycle Costs

cycle environmental impact at EU-27 level

27 level

27 total system impact


37

39

41

43

45

45

47

49

49



List of Tables

Table 5-1: Overview of clean water pumps product Base

Table 5-2: Bill of materials of BC-1 and

Table 5-3: Inputs in the use phase of BC

Table 5-4: Inputs in the End-of-life phase of BC

Table 5-5: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC

Table 5-6: Bill of materials of BC-3 to BC


Table 5-8: Inputs in the End-of-life phase of BC


Table 5-10: Bill of materials of BC-



Table 5-13: Bill of materials of BC-



Table 5-16: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC

strainer up to 2.2 kW


strainer over 2.2 kW



non-commercial) pumps up to 120 W and aquarium power head to 120 W




1 MW


kW to 1 MW


kW to 1 MW




1: Overview of clean water pumps product Base-Cases

1 and BC-2

3: Inputs in the use phase of BC-1 and BC-2

life phase of BC-1 and BC-2

Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-1 and BC-2

3 to BC-7

7: Inputs in the use phase of BC-3 to BC-7

life phase of BC-3, BC-4&5, BC-6 and BC-7

9: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-3 to BC-7

-8 to BC-10


12: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-8 to BC-10

-11 and BC-12

14: Inputs in the use phase of BC-11 and BC-12

15: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-11 and BC-12

16: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-1: Domestic swimming pool pump with built in

17: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-2: Domestic swimming pool pump with built in

18: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-3: Fountain and pond pump up to 1 kW

19: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-4&5: Aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium

commercial) pumps up to 120 W and aquarium power head to 120 W

20: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-6: Spa pumps for domestic and commercial spas

21: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-7: Counter-current pumps

22: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-8: End-suction close coupled pumps from 150 kW to

23: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-9: End-suction close coupled inline pumps from 150

24: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-10: End suction own bearing water pumps from 150

25: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-11: Submersible borehole pumps



2009/125/EC | 5

9

10

11

11

11

12

12

13

13

14

14

15

15

16

17

1: Domestic swimming pool pump with built in

20

2: Domestic swimming pool pump with built in

22

3: Fountain and pond pump up to 1 kW 25

4&5: Aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium

28

6: Spa pumps for domestic and commercial spas 30

32

suction close coupled pumps from 150 kW to

34

suction close coupled inline pumps from 150

36

10: End suction own bearing water pumps from 150

38

40

6 |


2009/125/EC


Table 5-27: Life Cycle Costs per product for all the Base cases

Table 5-28: EU-27 total impact of the installed stock (2011) of the 11 Base

Table 5-29: EU-27 total annual consumer expenditure in EU

Table 5-30: Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products

List of Figures

Figure 5-1: Distribution of the BC











Task 5: Base


impact (per unit) of BC-12: Vertical multistage pumps

27: Life Cycle Costs per product for all the Base cases

27 total impact of the installed stock (2011) of the 11 Base-Cases

27 total annual consumer expenditure in EU-27 (2011)

30: Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products

1: Distribution of the BC-1’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase .........................

bution of the BC-2’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase ........................


4: Distribution of the BC-4&5’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase

5: Distribution of the BC-6’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase ........................



8: Distribution of the BC-9’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase ........................

9: Distribution of the BC-10’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase




42

44

46

48

30: Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products 49

......................... 19

........................ 21

......................... 24

4&5’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase .................... 27

........................ 29

......................... 31

......................... 33

........................ 35

10’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase ....................... 37

11’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase ..................... 39

12’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase ..................... 41


Work on

Task 5: Definition of Base

This task provides an environmental and economic impact assessment of the

and public swimming pools, ponds, fountains and aquariums, as well as clean water pumps larger

than those regulated under ENER

Case (BC) is “a conscious abstraction of reality” used to represent a range of similar products on

the market.

The aim of the assessment is to quantify:

The environmental impacts of

The economic Life Cycle Costs (LCC)

The assessment includes all stages of the Base

contained within its components, to the disposal of these materials at the end

method used to develop these impacts is Life Cycle Analysis (LCA).

tool is used to calculate the environmental impacts and LCC. The tool, which is called EcoReport,

is part of the MEEuP methodology, required by the Euro

preparatory studies under the Ecodesign Directive

2011 by the European Commission in the Methodology for Ecodesign of Energy related products

(MEErP)2. The present preparatory study

some aspects of the MEErP are used:

Electricity rates

Discount rate

While this study has been completed as comprehensively and accurately as possible, it relies on

data which has been extrapolated from

performance of real-life appliances

This is understood and mitigated as much as possible while manipulating and calculating the

data during the analysis, however rough

of the study nevertheless are valuable as they represent the best indication to date of the

environmental impacts of the

and aquariums, as well as clean water pumps larger than those regulated under

Europe.

The description of the Base

environmental and life cycle cost analyses of the selec

this study and it serves as the point

Technologies), Task 7 (improvement potential), and Task 8 (policy analysis).

1 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable

2 MEEuP – Methodology Study Eco

European Commission, MEEuP

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/demand/legislation/doc/2005_11_28_finalreport1_en.pdf



Definition of Base-Case

his task provides an environmental and economic impact assessment of the


ENER Lot 11 in the EU-27, also known as the “Base


The aim of the assessment is to quantify:

The environmental impacts of the product throughout its life cycle

The economic Life Cycle Costs (LCC)

The assessment includes all stages of the Base-Case’s life from the extraction of the materials

contained within its components, to the disposal of these materials at the end

method used to develop these impacts is Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). In this study a simplified LCA


P methodology, required by the European Commission for undertaking all

preparatory studies under the Ecodesign Directive1. The MEEuP methodology was updated in


. The present preparatory study uses the MEEuP as required by the contract, although

some aspects of the MEErP are used:


olated from literature and information provided by stakeholders. The

appliances can vary substantially from the data provided in this report.


ng the analysis, however rough approximations are ultimately unavoidable. The results


environmental impacts of the pumps for private and public swimming pools, pond

and aquariums, as well as clean water pumps larger than those regulated under

The description of the Base-Cases is the synthesis of the results of Tasks 1 to 4. The

environmental and life cycle cost analyses of the selected Base-Cases provide the main results of

this study and it serves as the point-of-reference for Task 6 (technical analysis of Best Available

Technologies), Task 7 (improvement potential), and Task 8 (policy analysis).

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/ecodesign/methodology/index_en.htm

Methodology Study Eco-design of Energy Using Products. Kemna, R. et al. (VHK) for DG ENTR of the

European Commission, MEEuP Methodology Final Report, 2005. Accessible at:

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/demand/legislation/doc/2005_11_28_finalreport1_en.pdf


Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive

2009/125/EC | 7

his task provides an environmental and economic impact assessment of the pumps for private


27, also known as the “Base-Cases”. A Base-


cycle

Case’s life from the extraction of the materials

contained within its components, to the disposal of these materials at the end-of-life. The

In this study a simplified LCA


pean Commission for undertaking all

. The MEEuP methodology was updated in


uses the MEEuP as required by the contract, although


literature and information provided by stakeholders. The

can vary substantially from the data provided in this report.


proximations are ultimately unavoidable. The results


pumps for private and public swimming pools, ponds, fountains

and aquariums, as well as clean water pumps larger than those regulated under ENER Lot 29 in

Cases is the synthesis of the results of Tasks 1 to 4. The

Cases provide the main results of

reference for Task 6 (technical analysis of Best Available

business/ecodesign/methodology/index_en.htm

design of Energy Using Products. Kemna, R. et al. (VHK) for DG ENTR of the

Methodology Final Report, 2005. Accessible at:

8 | Work on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive

2009/125/EC

5.1 Overview of Base

According to the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC), the products subject to future

establishment of Implementing




The Implementing Measures target

environmental burden, and have the potential to improve their environmental performance. An

appliance that does not meet any of these three criteria provides little opportunity for policy

action, and therefore is not considered as a B

study are selected through discussion with

using the above criteria as guidelines. As previously mentioned, BCs are not n

representative of real products. When two products have a similar

(BoM), technology and efficiency, they can be represented by a single BC. For further justification

of the criteria for selecting Base

scope of this study to reflect further upon how and why Base

Table 5-1 shows the selection of Base

industry stakeholders and technical literature. The total energy consumption of the product

stock at EU-27 level is estimated for the year 201

been provided by stakeholders.

only used for the Base-Case selection and will be refined in Tasks 6 and 7 for the purpose of Task

8.

Eleven BCs have emerged in this study. Such a high number of

broad range of ENER Lot 29 water pump products. The main parameters of the selected Base

Cases are presented in Table 5-1

.

Task 5: Bas


Overview of Base-Cases

the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC), the products subject to future

mplementing Measures should meet three criteria:




target models that are common on the EU market, bear a large


pliance that does not meet any of these three criteria provides little opportunity for policy

, and therefore is not considered as a Base-Case (BC). The most appropriate BCs for this

selected through discussion with the European Commission and the

using the above criteria as guidelines. As previously mentioned, BCs are not n

representative of real products. When two products have a similar functionality,


of the criteria for selecting Base-Cases, please refer to the MEEuP methodology.

scope of this study to reflect further upon how and why Base-Cases should be chosen.

of Base-Cases based on preliminary information gathered from


27 level is estimated for the year 2011. The specific energy saving potentials have

This estimate is a first guess and should be treated as such. It is

Case selection and will be refined in Tasks 6 and 7 for the purpose of Task

BCs have emerged in this study. Such a high number of BCs is necessary to cover the

Lot 29 water pump products. The main parameters of the selected Base

1


the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC), the products subject to future

that are common on the EU market, bear a large


pliance that does not meet any of these three criteria provides little opportunity for policy

propriate BCs for this

the European Commission and the stakeholders,

using the above criteria as guidelines. As previously mentioned, BCs are not necessarily

functionality, bill of materials


se refer to the MEEuP methodology. It is out of the

Cases should be chosen.

Cases based on preliminary information gathered from


specific energy saving potentials have

This estimate is a first guess and should be treated as such. It is

Case selection and will be refined in Tasks 6 and 7 for the purpose of Task

BCs is necessary to cover the

Lot 29 water pump products. The main parameters of the selected Base-


Table 5

Pump type (and sub-categories)

EU Installed

stock 2011

Units

Swimming Pool

pumps

(integrated

motor+pump)

Domestic with built in strainer up

to 2.2 kW 4,800,000

Domestic/commercial with built in

strainer over 2.2 kW 115,000

Fountain, pond,

aquarium, spa

and counter-

current pumps

Fountain and pond pumps to 1 kW 1,845,000

Aquarium pumps (domestic/small

aquarium - non-commercial) to 120

W

8,050,000

Aquarium power head to 120W 350,000

Spa pumps for domestic &

commercial spa’s 42,000

Counter-Current Pumps 1,000,000

End suction (ES)

water pumps

(over 150kW-P2)

ES CloseCoupled from 150 kW to 1

MW 1,000

ES CloseCoupled Inline from 150

kW to 1 MW 1,000

ES Own Bearing from 150 kW to 1

MW 5,500

Submersible

bore-hole pumps

8” Submersible bore-hole pumps 219,750



Submersible bore-hole pumps

larger than 12” 4,500

Vertical multi-

stage pumps

Vertical multi-stage pump (25 to 40

bar and/or 100 to 180 m3/hr) 29,000

Vertical multi-stage pump (>40 bar

and/or >180 m3/hr) 2,875

Totals 16,635,745

* Calculated as: ((Hydraulic pump power * Annual operating hours) +20%) * EU Installed stock

where 20% is the motor absorbed power, as suggested by stakeholders.



5-1: Overview of clean water pumps product Base-Cases

EU Annual

sales (2011)

Hydraulic

pump power

Annual

operating

hours

Annual

energy

consumption

at EU level*

2011

Improvement

potential

Potential

savings at EU

level

2011

Units kW Hours GWh % GWh

480,000 1.4 2,216 17,870 3 536.1

11,500 5 4,500 3,105 4 124.20

205,000 0.02 6,000 266 <5 <13.28

1,150,000 0.005 8,720 421 <5 <21.06

50,000 0.005 8,720 18 <5 <0.92

4,200 1.1 350 19 <3 <0.58

100,000 3 20 72 5 3.60

100 150 6,000 1,080 1 10.80

100 150 6,000 1,080 1 10.80

550 325 5,000 10,725 1 107.25

21,975 33 3,206 27,899 2.6 725.4

11,375 65 3,406 30,220 2.4 725.3

5,637 121 3,893 31,864 2 637.3

450 288 4,190 6,516 1.33 86.67

2,900 68 4,500 10,649 3.5 372.7

275 125 5,750 2,480 1.5 37.20

2,044,062 144,284 3,413

* Calculated as: ((Hydraulic pump power * Annual operating hours) +20%) * EU Installed stock

, as suggested by stakeholders.

on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC | 9

savings at EU Share of

energy

consumption

Share of

potential

savings

Base-case

% %

536.1 12.4 15.7 BC-1 SPPS

124.20 2.2 3.6 BC-2 SPPL

13.28 0.2 0.4 BC-3 FPP

21.06 0.3 0.6 BC-4 & 5 AP

0.92 0.0 0.0

0.58 0.0 0.0 BC-6 SPA

3.60 0.0 0.1 BC-7 CCP

10.80 0.7 0.3 BC-8 ESCC

10.80 0.7 0.3 BC-9 ESCCIL

107.25 7.4 3.1 BC-10 ESOB

725.4 19.3 21.3

BC-11 SBHP

725.3 20.9 21.2

637.3 22.1 18.7

86.67 4.5 2.5

372.7 7.4 10.9

BC-12 VMSP

37.20 1.7 1.1

3,413 100 100

10 |


2009/125/EC

5.2 Product Specific Inputs

In this section a description of the characteristics of the selected Base

inputs used for the environmental and economic analysis are presented, as well as the

justification of all the assumptions made.

Average Bills of Materials (BOMs) were received from

used in the environmental and economic analysis of the Base

stakeholders and completed with information taken from publicly available literature.

5.2.1 Swimming pool pumps (integrated motor+pump)


The average material consumption

pool pumps with built in strainer are

BC-1 and BC-2 is characterised by the manufacturers as “steel”.

other ferrous and non-ferrous metals, while B

Table

Product

Steel

Cast Iron

Other ferrous metals

Non-ferrous metals

Plastics

Coatings

Electronics

Other Materials

Total

Packaging

Plastics

Cardboard

Paper

Other (please specify):

Total

Volume of packaged product

Task 5: Bas


Product Specific Inputs

In this section a description of the characteristics of the selected Base-Cases an

for the environmental and economic analysis are presented, as well as the

justification of all the assumptions made.

(BOMs) were received from Europump for each BC.

used in the environmental and economic analysis of the Base-Cases hereunder is provided by


Swimming pool pumps (integrated motor+pump)

oduction and distribution phase

consumptions including packaging of domestic and commercial

pool pumps with built in strainer are included in Table 5-2. The biggest share of materials for both

2 is characterised by the manufacturers as “steel”. BC-2 also includes a high share of

ferrous metals, while B-1 presents a higher share of plastic components.

Table 5-2: Bill of materials of BC-1 and BC-2

BC-1 SPPS

kg

6.16

-

-

3.5

4.34

-

-

-

14.00

0.250

1.175

-

Other (please specify): -

1.425

m3

Volume of packaged product 0.1


Cases and the specific

for the environmental and economic analysis are presented, as well as the

for each BC. The information

Cases hereunder is provided by


and commercial swimming

The biggest share of materials for both

2 also includes a high share of

1 presents a higher share of plastic components.

BC-2 SPPL

kg

11.90

-

5.66

4.07

2.61

-

-

-

24.24

0.100

2.475

-

3.000

5.575

m3

0.2



Swimming pool pumps do not run continuously therefore the

calculated based on the average working hours per

Table 5-3 Energy consumption per year refers to the annual e

corresponding to a base-case.

Table 5

Product life in years

Energy consumption per year

* Calculated as ((Hydraulic pump power * Annual operating hours) +20%)

5.2.1.3 Inputs in the end-of-life phase

For the end of life phase, the same approach as in the ENER Lot 11 preparatory study on pumps

followed. The percentage in weight of the product destined to landfill is estimated in

the recovered share of plastics,

materials recycling and the rest

of the metal and miscellaneous fraction is fixed by the MEEuP at 95%.

Table 5-4:

Disposal: Environmental Costs per kg final product

Landfill (fraction products not recovered) (

Plastics: Re-use, Closed Loop Recycling (%)

Plastics: Materials Recycling (%)

Plastics: Thermal Recycling (%)


The market data, product price and user expenditure inputs are

and information provided by stakeholders, and

The electricity rates are provided by the MEErP methodology. The discount rate is defined as the

interest rate minus the inflation rate. A discount rate of 4

from MEErP methodology is used for the Life Cycle Cost


Annual sales 2011

EU stock 2011

Average product purchase price

Installation costs (€)

Electricity rate (€/kWh)

Repair & maintenance costs (incl. VAT) (




Swimming pool pumps do not run continuously therefore their energy consumption w

based on the average working hours per year specified in

consumption per year refers to the annual electricity

case.

5-3: Inputs in the use phase of BC-1 and BC-2

BC-1 SPPS

20

onsumption per year (kWh)* 3,723


life phase

For the end of life phase, the same approach as in the ENER Lot 11 preparatory study on pumps

The percentage in weight of the product destined to landfill is estimated in

the recovered share of plastics, 1% is destined to closed loop recycling,

materials recycling and the rest (90%) to thermal recycling (energy recovery). T

of the metal and miscellaneous fraction is fixed by the MEEuP at 95%.

: Inputs in the End-of-life phase of BC-1 and BC

Disposal: Environmental Costs per kg final product BC-1 and BC



use, Closed Loop Recycling (%) 1%

Materials Recycling (%) 9%

Thermal Recycling (%) 90%

The market data, product price and user expenditure inputs are estimated based on literature

and information provided by stakeholders, and shown in detail in the Task 2 report.

provided by the MEErP methodology. The discount rate is defined as the

interest rate minus the inflation rate. A discount rate of 4% (same for all Base

from MEErP methodology is used for the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis.

: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-1 and BC

BC-1 SPPS BC-

480,000 11,500

4,800,000 115,000

Average product purchase price (€) 480 2

250

€/kWh) 0.11

Repair & maintenance costs (incl. VAT) (€/yr) 25


on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC

energy consumption were

lectricity consumption

BC-2 SPPL

20

27,000

For the end of life phase, the same approach as in the ENER Lot 11 preparatory study on pumps is

The percentage in weight of the product destined to landfill is estimated in 8%. From

recycling, 9% is destined to

thermal recycling (energy recovery). The recycling rate

1 and BC-2

1 and BC-2

%

%

9%

%

estimated based on literature

report.

provided by the MEErP methodology. The discount rate is defined as the

% (same for all Base-Cases) obtained

1 and BC-2

-2 SPPL

11,500

115,000

2,000

500

0.11

30

12 |


2009/125/EC

5.2.2 Fountain, pond, aquarium,


The average material consumptions

counter-current pumps are included in

respectively characterise the biggest share of materials for BC

BC-6 and BC-7 are mainly made of

Table

Product

Steel

Cast Iron


Non-ferrous metals

Plastics

Coatings

Electronics

Other Materials

Total

Packaging

Plastics

Cardboard

Paper


Total



The annual energy consumption of BC

Table 5-7


Energy consumption per year (kWh)*

3 Weighted average refers to the weighted data

on the pump sales in year 2011.

Task 5: Bas




consumptions during the production of fountain, pond, aquarium,

e included in Table 5-6. “Other ferrous metals

respectively characterise the biggest share of materials for BC-3 and BC-4&5. On the other hand,

mainly made of “steel”.

Table 5-6: Bill of materials of BC-3 to BC-7

BC-3 FPP

BC-4&5

BCAP APH

Weighted

average 3

kg kg kg kg

0.01 - - -

- - - -

1.42 0.2 0.1 0.2

0.95 0.2 0.1 0.2

0.90 0.57 0.1 0.55

- - - -

- - - -

1.22 0.26 0.2 0.26

4.5 1.23 0.6 1.20

0.01 - - -

0.32 0.35 0.2 0.34

0.04 - - -

0.02 - - -

0.39 0.35 0.2 0.34

m3 m

3 m3 m

3

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

energy consumption of BC-3 to BC-7 pumps is given in Table 5-7.


BC-3 FPP

BC-4&5

BC-6 SPA AP APH

Weighted

average 3

9 5 5 5 20

144 52 51 52 452

weighted data of the group of pumps in the corresponding base-


current pumps

ountain, pond, aquarium, spa and

ferrous metals” and “plastics”

On the other hand,

BC-6 SPA BC-7 CCP

kg kg

11.00 13.5

- -

- 3.0

7.2 4.7

6.8 4.1

- -

- -

- 2.2

25.0 27.5

- 0.375

3.5 2

1 0.5

2 1.75

6.5 4.625

m3 m

3

0.2 0.2

BC-7 CCP

20

72

-case, weighted based



For fountain pumps, spa pumps and counter

phase are the same as those presented for BC

For aquarium pumps and power heads, a different scenario of end

are products used by domestic consumers and therefore covered by the WEEE Directive.

on WEEE statistics4, the percentage in weight of the

20%. From the recovered share of plastics,

to thermal recycling (energy recovery).

For all cases, the recycling rate of the metal and miscellaneous fraction is fixed by the MEEuP at

95%.

Table 5-8: Inputs in the End

Disposal: Environmental Costs per kg final

Landfill (fraction products not recovered) (%)


Plastics: Re-use, Closed Loop Recycling (%)

Plastics: Materials Recycling (%)

Plastics: Thermal Recycling (%)



and information provided by stakeholders

As in BC-1 and BC-2, the electricity rates are provided

5.2.1.4).


Annual sales 2011

EU stock 2011

Average product purchase price (€)




4 Eurostat online database

5 Weighted average refers to the weighted data of the group of pumps in the corresponding base

on the pump sales in year 2011



life phase

fountain pumps, spa pumps and counter-current pumps, the assumptions in the end

phase are the same as those presented for BC-1 and BC-2 in section 5.2.1.3.

For aquarium pumps and power heads, a different scenario of end-of-life is assumed, since

are products used by domestic consumers and therefore covered by the WEEE Directive.

he percentage in weight of the product destined to landfill is estimated in

%. From the recovered share of plastics, 94% is destined to materials recycling and the rest

to thermal recycling (energy recovery).

recycling rate of the metal and miscellaneous fraction is fixed by the MEEuP at

: Inputs in the End-of-life phase of BC-3, BC-4&5, BC-6

Disposal: Environmental Costs per kg final product BC-4&5


use, Closed Loop Recycling (%) 0%

Plastics: Materials Recycling (%) 94%

Plastics: Thermal Recycling (%) 6%


by stakeholders. These are shown in detail in the Task 2 report.

he electricity rates are provided by the MEErP methodology

: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-3 to BC

BC-3 FPP

BC-4&5

AP APH Weighted

average5

205,000 1,150,000 50,000 1,200,000

1,845,000 8,050,000 350,000 8,400,00

250 100 45 98

0 0 0 0

0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

Repair & maintenance costs (incl. VAT) (€/yr) 25 0 0 0

Weighted average refers to the weighted data of the group of pumps in the corresponding base



he assumptions in the end-of-life

life is assumed, since these

are products used by domestic consumers and therefore covered by the WEEE Directive. Based

product destined to landfill is estimated in

% is destined to materials recycling and the rest 6%

recycling rate of the metal and miscellaneous fraction is fixed by the MEEuP at

6 and BC-7

BC-3, BC-6 & BC-7

8%

1%

9%

90%


shown in detail in the Task 2 report.

by the MEErP methodology (see section

3 to BC-7

BC-6 SPA BC-7 CCP

4,200 100,000

42,000 1,000,000

275 1,325

450 500

0.11 0.11

30 30

Weighted average refers to the weighted data of the group of pumps in the corresponding base-case, weighted based

14 |


2009/125/EC

5.2.3 End suction (ES) water pumps (over 150kW

5.2.3.1 Inputs in the production and distribution

The average consumption of materials in the production phase

suction water pumps (over 150kW

BOMs for packaging of end suction water

11 – Water pumps (in commercial buildings, drinking water pumping, food industry, agriculture).

The biggest share of materials for BC

ferrous metals”.

Table 5

Product

Steel

Cast Iron


Non-ferrous metals

Plastics

Coatings

Electronics

Other Materials

Total

Packaging

Plastics

Cardboard

Paper


Total



The energy consumption of BC-8 to BC

Table 5-11


Energy consumption per year (kWh)*



The assumptions in the end-of-

section 5.2.1.3.

Task 5: Bas


End suction (ES) water pumps (over 150kW-P2)


of materials in the production phase including packaging of

(over 150kW-P2) are included in Table 5-10.

end suction water pumps (over 150kW-P2) were acquired from

Water pumps (in commercial buildings, drinking water pumping, food industry, agriculture).

of materials for BC-8 to BC-10 is characterised by the manufacturers as “other

5-10: Bill of materials of BC-8 to BC-10

BC-8 ESCC BC-9 ESCCI

kg kg

84.5 84.5

- -

Other ferrous metals 552.5 552.5

ferrous metals 13 13

- -

- -

- -

- -

650 650

3 3

7 7

- -

Other (please specify): - -

10 10

m3 m

3

Volume of packaged product 0.6 0.6

8 to BC-10 pumps is given for 1 annual cycle in Table



20 20

* 1,080,000 1,080,000


life phase

-life phase are the same as those presented for BC


including packaging of end

P2) were acquired from ENER Lot

Water pumps (in commercial buildings, drinking water pumping, food industry, agriculture).

ised by the manufacturers as “other

BC-10 ESOB

kg

84.5

-

552.5

13

-

-

-

-

650

1

7

-

-

8

m3

0.6

Table 5-11.

BC-10 ESOB

20

1,950,000

life phase are the same as those presented for BC-1 and BC-2 in





The electricity rates are provided by the MEErP methodology


Annual sales 2011

EU stock 2011

Average product purchase price (




5.2.4 Submersible borehole pumps and v


The average consumptions including packaging of

Table 5-13.

BOMs for BC-12 packaging were acquired from

buildings, drinking water pumping, food industry, agriculture).

The biggest share of materials for BC

“other ferrous metals” and "steel"

Table

8”

kg

Product

Steel 93.1

Cast Iron

Other ferrous metals 96.9

Non-ferrous metals

Plastics 1.9

Coatings

Electronics

6 Weighted average refers to the weighted data of the gro

based on the pump sales in year 2011




provided by stakeholders, and shown in detail in the Task 2 report.

The electricity rates are provided by the MEErP methodology (see section 5.2.1.4

: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-8 to BC


100 100

1,000 1,000

Average product purchase price (€) 8,000 8,000

2,000 2,000

0.11 0.11

Repair & maintenance costs (incl. VAT) (€/yr) 500 500

Submersible borehole pumps and vertical multi-stage pumps


The average consumptions including packaging of vertical multi-stage pumps

packaging were acquired from ENER Lot 11 – Water pumps (in commercial

buildings, drinking water pumping, food industry, agriculture).

The biggest share of materials for BC-11 and BC-12 is characterised by the manufacturers as

and "steel".

Table 5-13: Bill of materials of BC-11 and BC-12

BC-11 SBHP BC

8” 10” 12” >12”

Weighted

average6

25 to 40 bar

and/or 100 to

180 m3/hr

kg kg kg kg Kg kg

93.1 249.9 313.6 1274 183.32 91.90

- - - - - -

96.9 260.1 323.4 1326 190.37 185.64

- - - - - 2.73

1.9 5.1 6.4 26 3.74 2.73

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

Weighted average refers to the weighted data of the group of pumps in the corresponding base

based on the pump sales in year 2011




and shown in detail in the Task 2 report.

5.2.1.4)

8 to BC-10

BC-10 ESOB

550

5,500

8,000

2,000

0.11

500

stage pumps

stage pumps are included in

Water pumps (in commercial

12 is characterised by the manufacturers as

BC-12 VMSP

>40 bar

and/or >180

m3/hr

Weighted

average6

kg kg

117.50 94.12

- -

998.75 256.07

58.75 7.58

- 2.49

- -

- -

up of pumps in the corresponding base-case, weighted

16 |


2009/125/EC

8”

kg

Other Materials -

Total 191.9

Packaging

Plastics 2

Cardboard 5.25

Paper -

Other : Steel wrap -

Other: Wood 24

Total 31.25

m3

Volume of

packaged product 0.3


The energy consumption of BC-11 and BC

Table 5-14: Inputs in the use

8”

Product life in years 11

Energy consumption per year

(kWh)* 126,958



The assumptions in the end-of-

5.2.1.3.




The electricity rates are provided by the MEErP methodology

7 Weighted average refers to the weighted data of the group of pumps in the corresponding base

on the pump sales in year 2011

Task 5: Bas


BC-11 SBHP BC-12 VMSP

10” 12” >12”

Weighted

average6

25 to 40 bar

and/or 100 to

180 m3/hr

and/or >180

kg kg kg Kg kg

- - - - -

515.1 643.4 2626 377.43 283.00

3 4 6 2.62 1

7.75 9.5 12.75 6.66 8.3

- - - - -

- - - - -

43 62 111 35.90 25.5

53.75 75.5 129.75 45.19 34.8

m3 m

3 m3 m

3 m3

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.5

11 and BC-12 pumps is given for 1 annual cycle in

: Inputs in the use phase of BC-11 and BC-12

BC-11 SBHP

10” 12” >12”

Weighted

average7

25 to 40 bar

and/or 100 to

180 m3

11 11 11 11 12

265,670 565,265 1,448,000 244,692 367,20


life phase

-life phase are the same as those presented for BC


provided by stakeholders, and shown in detail in the Task 2 report.

The electricity rates are provided by the MEErP methodology (see section 5.2.1.4

Weighted average refers to the weighted data of the group of pumps in the corresponding base-


12 VMSP

>40 bar

and/or >180

m3/hr

Weighted

average6

kg kg

- -

1175.00 360.26

1 1

25 9.75

- -

- -

43.3 27.04

69.3 37.79

m3 m

3

0.6 0.5

12 pumps is given for 1 annual cycle in Table 5-14.

BC-12 VMSP

25 to 40 bar

and/or 100 to 3/hr

>40 bar

and/or >180

m3/hr

Weighted

average

12 12

367,207 862,609 410,116

life phase are the same as those presented for BC-1 and BC-2 in


and shown in detail in the Task 2 report.

5.2.1.4)

-case, weighted based



8”

Annual sales 2011 21,975

EU stock 2011 219,750

Average product purchase

price (€) 6,135

Installation costs (€) 3,000

Electricity rate (€/kWh) 0.11

Repair & maintenance

costs (incl. VAT) (€/yr) 2,000



: Inputs to economic analysis in EcoReport for BC-11 and BC

BC-11 SBHP

10” 12” >12” Weighted

average3

25 to 40 bar

and/or 100 to

180 m3/hr

11,375 5,637 450 39,437 2,900

113,750 56,370 4,500 394,370 29,000

8,000 10,000 12,000 3,874 1,600

3,000 3,000 4,000 1,340 2,000

0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

2,000 2,500 3,000 968 6,000



11 and BC-12

BC-12 VMSP

25 to 40 bar

and/or 100 to

180 m3/hr

>40 bar

and/or >180

m3/hr

Weighted

average 3

275 3,175

2,875 31,875

8600 2,206

2,000 2,000

0.11 0.11

6,000 6,000

18 |


2009/125/EC

5.3 Base-Case Environmental Impacts

In the following sections, the environmental impacts throughout all the life

Base-Cases are presented. These results were calculated using the EcoReport tool provided in the

MEEuP methodology based on the inputs presented in the previous section. The MEEuP

methodology tracks 17 environmental impact categories, classified in three groups:

Resources and waste

Total energy (GER


Water (process)

Water (cooling)

Waste, no


Emissions (air)






H



Emissions (water)


Eutrophication


This analysis of the environmental impacts allows the most significant e

be determined. It will also be used as a reference when analysing the improvement potential of

design options in Task 7.

Task 5: Bas


Case Environmental Impacts

the environmental impacts throughout all the life-cycle stages of the

Cases are presented. These results were calculated using the EcoReport tool provided in the

methodology based on the inputs presented in the previous section. The MEEuP




Water (process)

Water (cooling)












Eutrophication


This analysis of the environmental impacts allows the most significant environmental impacts to



cycle stages of the

Cases are presented. These results were calculated using the EcoReport tool provided in the

methodology based on the inputs presented in the previous section. The MEEuP


nvironmental impacts to



5.3.1 Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer up to

2.2 kW

The results of the environmental analysis of BC

strainer up to 2.2 kW) are shown in

consumption during the use phase

environmental impacts from the product’s entire life cycle.

than 90% of the overall environmental impacts for

of-life phase and the production phase

less than 20% of the total environmental impacts, and the

during the distribution phase are negligible.




Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer up to

The results of the environmental analysis of BC-1 (domestic swimming pool pump with built in

strainer up to 2.2 kW) are shown in Table 5-16 and in Figure 5-1. According to these, the

consumption during the use phase is the most predominant aspect contributing to the

environmental impacts from the product’s entire life cycle. The use phase contributes with more

than 90% of the overall environmental impacts for 12 environmental impact categories.

life phase and the production phase (material consumption and manufacturing)

of the total environmental impacts, and the environmental impacts generated

during the distribution phase are negligible.

Distribution of the BC-1’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase




Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer up to

1 (domestic swimming pool pump with built in

. According to these, the energy

the most predominant aspect contributing to the

The use phase contributes with more

environmental impact categories. The end-

(material consumption and manufacturing) account for

environmental impacts generated

1’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

20 | Work on Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC


Life Cycle phases --> Production

Material




Water (process) ltr

Water (cooling) ltr

Waste, non-haz./ landfill g 47,225


Emissions (Air)







PAHs mg Ni eq.


Emissions (Water)





: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-1: Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer up to 2.2 kW

Production Distribution Use End-of-life

Manuf. Total Disposal

debet

940 311 1,251 163 781,825 365

62 183 245 0 781,815

24 3 27 0 52,121

142 83 225 0 2,084,836

47,225 1,193 48,417 97 906,951 1,514

26 0 27 2 18,016 4,131

46 17 63 11 34,118 27

634 75 710 32 201,324 55

2 0 2 2 294

226 17 242 1 5,127 11

122 39 161 5 13,415 100

43 0 43 7 1,541

33 12 45 342 4,300 474

45 0 45 0 5,041 30

1 0 1 0 24

negligible


Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer up to 2.2 kW

Total

Recycl. Total

credit

365 264 101 783,339

0 2 -2 782,058

0 1 -1 52,146

0 10 -10 2,085,051

1,514 7 1,508 956,973

4,131 1 4,130 22,174

27 18 9 34,201

negligible

55 24 31 202,096

1 0 1 299

11 0 11 5,380

100 0 100 13,680

0 0 0 1,590

474 1 473 5,160

30 0 30 5,116

2 0 2 27



5.3.2 Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer over 2.2

kW


over 2.2 kW) are shown in Table

during the use phase is the most predominant aspect contributing to the environmental impacts

from the product’s entire life cycle. The use ph

environmental impacts for 1

generated in the rest of the life cycle phases are negligible.




Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer over 2.2

The results of the environmental analysis of BC-2 (domestic swimming pool pump with built in

Table 5-17 and in Figure 5-2. Similarly to BC-1, the energy consumption


from the product’s entire life cycle. The use phase contributes with more than

environmental impacts for 15 environmental impact categories. The environmental impacts

generated in the rest of the life cycle phases are negligible.




measures of the Ecodesign Directive

2009/125/EC | 21

Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer over 2.2

2 (domestic swimming pool pump with built in

the energy consumption


ase contributes with more than 96% of the overall

The environmental impacts


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%




Material


Total Energy (GER) MJ 1,225

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ 65

Water (process) ltr 55

Water (cooling) ltr 105


Waste, hazardous/ incinerated g 17

Emissions (Air)

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 71

Ozone Depletion, emissions mg R-11

eq.

Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 779

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) g 3


Heavy Metals mg Ni eq. 170

PAHs mg Ni eq. 49

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g 128

Emissions (Water)

Heavy Metals mg Hg/20 74

Eutrophication g PO4 2



: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-2: Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer over 2.2 kW


Manuf. Total Disposal Recycl

.

debet credit

1,225 352 1,577 274 5,670,016 329

65 205 271 1 5,670,003 0

55 3 58 0 378,001 0

105 90 195 0 15,120,002 0

64,969 1,527 66,496 142 6,574,708 2,925

17 0 17 3 130,654 2,439

71 20 91 18 247,437 25

negligible

779 86 866 52 1,460,034 49

3 0 3 4 2,135 1

420 32 452 1 37,169 20

170 75 245 7 97,278 92

49 0 49 11 11,170 0

128 13 141 684 31,186 427

74 0 74 0 36,559 27

2 0 2 0 174 2

negligible


2: Domestic swimming pool pump with built in strainer over 2.2 kW

Total

Recycl

Total

credit

225 104 5,671,970

1 -1 5,670,273

1 -1 378,058

6 -6 15,120,191

4 2,921 6,644,268

1 2,438 133,112

16 8 247,553

21 28 1,460,980

0 1 2,144

0 20 37,642

0 92 97,623

0 0 11,231

0 427 32,438

0 27 36,661

0 2 178



5.3.3 Fountain and pond pumps up to 1 kW


shown in Table 5-18 and in Figure

use phase is the most predom

product’s entire life cycle. The use phase contributes with more than


Total Energy (GER)

of which, electricity (in primary MJ)

Water (process)

Water (cooling)

Waste, non-haz./ landfill

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100


Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Persistent Organic

Heavy Metals into air

PAHs

Heavy Metals into water

The end-of-life phase contributes

other hand, the distribution phase contributes 76.7% for the indicator “PM”



Fountain and pond pumps up to 1 kW

The results of the environmental analysis of BC-3 (fountain and pond pumps up to 1 kW) are

Figure 5-3. According to these, the energy consumption during the

use phase is the most predominant aspect contributing to the environmental impacts from the

product’s entire life cycle. The use phase contributes with more than

2 out of the 17 environmental impact categories:

Total Energy (GER) 96.1%

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) 99.7%

97.9%

99.9%

haz./ landfill 58.6%

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 95.1%


Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) 52.2%

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) 74.4%

Heavy Metals into air 79.6%

54.2%

Heavy Metals into water 85.8%

life phase contributes 71.8% for the indicator “hazardous/ incinerated waste

other hand, the distribution phase contributes 76.7% for the indicator “PM”.



2009/125/EC | 23

and pond pumps up to 1 kW) are

. According to these, the energy consumption during the

inant aspect contributing to the environmental impacts from the

product’s entire life cycle. The use phase contributes with more than 50% of the overall

:

incinerated waste”. On the

24 |


2009/125/EC


Material

Task 5: Bas

Preparatory studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive





0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%




Material




Water (process) ltr

Water (cooling) ltr



Emissions (Air)







PAHs mg Ni eq.


Emissions (Water)






: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-3: Fountain and pond pump up to 1 kW



debet

223 44 267 274 13,627 82

13 26 39 1 13,625

19 0 19 0 908

33 12 46 0 36,332

10,459 137 10,596 142 15,903 480

5 0 5 3 314 819

9 2 12 18 595

negligible

164 10 174 52 3,510 12

0 0 0 4 5

27 0 27 1 90

30 0 30 7 234 23

11 0 11 11 27

24 2 26 684 75 107

7 0 7 0 88

0 0 1 0 0

negligible


3: Fountain and pond pump up to 1 kW

Total

Recycl. Total

credit

82 72 10 14,178

0 0 0 13,664

0 0 0 928

0 2 -2 36,376

480 1 479 27,120

819 0 819 1,141

6 5 1 625

12 7 6 3,742

0 0 0 10

3 0 3 120

23 0 23 294

0 0 0 50

107 0 107 892

7 0 7 103

0 0 0 1

26 |


2009/125/EC

5.3.4 Aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium

commercial) to 120 W


- non-commercial) to 120 W and aquarium power head to 120 W) are shown in

Figure 5-4. According to these, the energy consumption during the use phase is the most

predominant aspect contributing to the environmental impacts from the product’s entire life

cycle. Running aquarium pumps contributes over 50% of total environmental impact during the

use-phase for the emissions and resources below:

Total Energy (GER)

of which, electricity (in primary MJ)

Water (process)

Water (cooling)

Waste, non-haz./ landfill

Waste, hazardous/ incinerated

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100


Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP)

Heavy Metals into air

Heavy Metals into water

End-of-life disposal contributes

matter emissions, and 42.8% to

contribution is from the indicator “PM” which is 83.9%.

Task 5: Bas


(domestic/small aquarium - non-

commercial) to 120 W and aquarium power head to 120 W

ironmental analysis of BC-4&5 (aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium

commercial) to 120 W and aquarium power head to 120 W) are shown in

According to these, the energy consumption during the use phase is the most


m pumps contributes over 50% of total environmental impact during the

phase for the emissions and resources below:

91.2%

of which, electricity (in primary MJ) 99.3%

97.2%

99.8%

landfill 54.3%

Waste, hazardous/ incinerated 63.1%

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 88.0%


Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) 69.2%

Heavy Metals into air 71.9%

Heavy Metals into water 83.3%

life disposal contributes 33.0% to hazardous/incinerated waste; 11.3

to water eutrophication. For the distribution phase, the highest

contribution is from the indicator “PM” which is 83.9%.


quarium power head to 120 W

quarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium

commercial) to 120 W and aquarium power head to 120 W) are shown in Table 5-19 and in

According to these, the energy consumption during the use phase is the most


m pumps contributes over 50% of total environmental impact during the

11.3% to particulate

For the distribution phase, the highest


Work on Preparatory




Distribution of the BC-4&5’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase



studies for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive

2009/125/EC | 27

’s environmental impacts by life cycle phase

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Table 5-19: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-4&5: Aquarium pumps


Material




Water (process) ltr

Water (cooling) ltr

Waste, non-haz./ landfill g


Emissions (Air)







PAHs mg Ni eq.


Emissions (Water)





4&5: Aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium non-commercial) pumps up to 120 W and aquarium

power head to 120 W



debet

80 24 104 163 2,745

7 14 21 0 2,744

6 0 7 0 183

18 7 24 0 7,317

2,150 74 2,224 97 3,203 380

3 0 3 2 63

3 1 4 11 120

negligible

36 6 42 32 707

0 0 0 2 1

5 0 5 1 18

6 0 6 5 47

2 0 2 7 5

4 1 5 342 15 46

1 0 1 0 18

0 0 0 0 0

negligible


commercial) pumps up to 120 W and aquarium

Total

Recycl. Total

credit

27 28 -1 3,010

0 2 -2 2,763

0 1 -1 188

0 10 -10 7,331

380 7 373 5,897

33 1 32 100

2 1 1 136

4 2 3 783

0 0 0 3

3 0 3 26

8 0 8 66

0 0 0 15

46 0 46 408

2 0 2 21

0 0 0 0



5.3.5 Spa pumps for domestic and commercial


are shown in Table 5-20 and in

the use phase is the most predominant aspect contributing to the environmental impacts from

the product’s entire life cycle.

Raw material extraction contributes with more than

environmental impacts for


POP to air

PAHs

Eutrophication

The use phase contributes wit

impacts for 12 out of 17

The end-of-life disposal of BC

waste generation

Distribution phase




pumps for domestic and commercial spas

The results of the environmental analysis of BC-6 (spa pumps for domestic and commercial spas)

and in Figure 5-5. According to these, the energy consumption during


the product’s entire life cycle.

xtraction contributes with more than 30% of the overall

environmental impacts for 4 out of 17 environmental impact categories:


38.3%

30.3%


The use phase contributes with more than 50% of the overall environmental

out of 17 environmental impact categories.

life disposal of BC-6 contributes 73.3% hazardous/incinerated

waste generation of the overall environmental impact.

Distribution phase contributes 37.2% to the PM emissions to the air.





2009/125/EC | 29

6 (spa pumps for domestic and commercial spas)

According to these, the energy consumption during


0% of the overall

out of 17 environmental impact categories:

h more than 50% of the overall environmental

hazardous/incinerated

contributes 37.2% to the PM emissions to the air.


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%




Material








Emissions (Air)



Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 1,284




PAHs mg Ni eq.


Emissions (Water)




implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC

: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-6: Spa pumps for domestic and commercial spas



debet

1,801 501 2,301 274 95,023 588

109 295 404 1 95,004 0

138 4 142 0 6,335 0

211 133 344 0 253,337 0

94,397 1,961 96,357 142 111,111 3,092

40 0 41 3 2,189 6,120

87 28 115 18 4,147 44

negligible

1,284 122 1,406 52 24,477 88

3 0 3 4 36 2

421 30 451 1 627 21

246 69 315 7 1,633 162

87 0 87 11 188 0

63 19 81 684 523 763

86 0 86 0 613 49

7 0 7 0 3 3

negligible


6: Spa pumps for domestic and commercial spas

Total

Recycl. Total

credit

470 119 97,717

3 -3 95,406

2 -2 6,475

14 -14 253,666

10 3,082 210,692

2 6,118 8,351

33 11 4,290

43 45 25,980

1 1 45

0 21 1,100

0 162 2,117

0 0 286

1 762 2,051

0 49 748

0 3 13



5.3.6 Counter-current pumps


5-21 and in Figure 5-6. According to these, the energy consumption during the use phase is the

most predominant aspect contributing to the environmental impacts from the product’s entire

life cycle.

Raw material extraction contributes with more than 50% of the overall

environmental impacts for

Waste, non-haz./landfill

POP to air

PAHs

Eutrophication


impacts for 6 out of 17 environmental impact categories.

The end-of-life disposal of BC

hazardous/incinerated and

Distribution phase contributes 46.6% to the emissions of particulate matter

into the water.




current pumps

The results of the environmental analysis of BC-7 (counter-current pumps) are shown in

. According to these, the energy consumption during the use phase is the



environmental impacts for 4 out of 17 environmental impact categories:

haz./landfill 75.8%

73.7%

57.7%




life disposal of BC-7 contributes 91.4

hazardous/incinerated and 39.8% PM of the overall environmental imp






2009/125/EC | 31

current pumps) are shown in Table

. According to these, the energy consumption during the use phase is the



out of 17 environmental impact categories:


91.4% waste,

of the overall environmental impact.



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%




Material




Water (process) ltr




Emissions (Air)



Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 897




PAHs mg Ni eq.

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g 100

Emissions (Water)





: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-7: Counter-current pumps



debet

1,483 449 1,933 274 15,139 450

90 263 353 1 15,124 0

99 4 103 0 1,009 0

150 116 266 0 40,323 0

73,560 1,889 75,449 142 18,285 3,152

27 0 27 3 349 4,028

80 25 105 18 661 34

negligible

897 110 1,007 52 3,903 67

3 0 4 4 6 1

457 36 493 1 104 22

189 85 274 7 262 125

57 0 57 11 30 0

100 17 117 684 84 583

81 0 81 0 98 37

5 0 5 0 1 2

negligible


Total

Recycl. Total

credit

450 339 111 17,456

0 2 -2 15,475

0 1 -1 1,111

0 9 -9 40,579

3,152 7 3,146 97,022

4,028 1 4,026 4,405

34 24 9 793

67 31 36 4,999

1 0 1 14

22 0 22 620

125 0 125 668

0 0 0 99

583 1 583 1,468

37 0 37 217

2 0 2 7



5.3.7 End-suction close coupled pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW


to 1 MW) are shown in Table

during the use phase is the most predominant aspects contributing to the environmental impacts

from the product’s entire life cycle.






The results of the environmental analysis of BC-8 (end-suction close coupled

Table 5-22 and in Figure 5-7. According to these, the

the most predominant aspects contributing to the environmental impacts

from the product’s entire life cycle. The use phase contributes with more than 9

5 out of 17 environmental impact categories.


Material Manufacturing Distribution Use End



2009/125/EC | 33


suction close coupled pumps from 150 kW

According to these, the energy consumption

the most predominant aspects contributing to the environmental impacts

contributes with more than 98% of the overall


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

End-of-life




Material





Water (cooling) ltr 2,115



Emissions (Air)





Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq 5,756

Heavy Metals mg Ni eq. 1,768

PAHs mg Ni eq. 165

Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g 8,012

Emissions (Water)





: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-8: End-suction close coupled pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW


Material Manuf. Total Disposal Recyc

l.

debet credit

10,110 2,909 13,019 718 226,800,130 3,791

310 1,703 2,013 2 226,800,020 0

778 24 802 0 15,120,008 0

2,115 754 2,869 0 604,800,029 0

455,319 12,130 467,449 324 262,966,404 64,731

22 1 23 6 5,226,138 2,700

904 164 1,069 44 9,897,436 283

negligible

4,519 711 5,230 132 58,401,052 556

78 2 80 12 85,419 15

5,756 227 5,983 2 1,486,639 445

1,768 533 2,301 16 3,891,056 1,105

165 0 165 29 446,800 0

8,012 109 8,121 2,051 1,247,481 4,935

886 0 886 1 1,462,348 315

22 1 23 0 6,973 18

negligible



Total

Recyc Total

credit

238 3,553 226,817,420

1 -1 226,802,034

1 -1 15,120,809

6 -6 604,802,892

4 64,726 263,498,903

1 2,699 5,228,867

17 266 9,898,814

22 534 58,406,948

0 15 85,527

0 445 1,493,070

0 1,105 3,894,478

0 0 446,994

0 4,934 1,262,588

0 315 1,463,550

0 18 7,014



5.3.8 End-suction close coupled inline pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW


150 kW to 1 MW) are shown in



than 98% of the overall environmental impacts for all 1

categories.





of the environmental analysis of BC-9 (end-suction close coupled

150 kW to 1 MW) are shown in Table 5-23 and in Figure 5-8. According to these, the

consumption during the use phase is the most predominant aspects contributing to the


% of the overall environmental impacts for all 15 non-negligible environmental impact

Distribution of the BC-9’s environmental impacts by life cycle phas




2009/125/EC | 35


suction close coupled inline pumps from

According to these, the energy

the most predominant aspects contributing to the

contributes with more

environmental impact


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%




Material








Emissions (Air)

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 4,519



Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) g 1,768



PAHs mg Ni eq. 4,519


Emissions (Water)





Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-9: End-suction close coupled inline pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW


Material Manuf. Total Disposal

debet

10,110 2,909 13,019 718 226,800,130 3,791

310 1,703 2,013 2 226,800,020 0

778 24 802 0 15,120,008 0

2,115 754 2,869 0 604,800,029 0

455,319 12,130 467,449 324 262,966,404 64,731

22 1 23 6 5,226,138 2,700

4,519 711 5,230 132 58,401,052 556

78

5,756 227 5,983 2 1,486,639 445

1,768 533 2,301 16 3,891,056 1,105

165 0 165 29 446,800 0

8,012 109 8,121 2,051 1,247,481 4,935

4,519 711 5,230 132 58,401,052 556

78 2 80 12 85,419 15

886 0 886 1 1,462,348 315

22 1 23 0 6,973 18

negligible



life Total

Recycl. Total

credit

238 3,553 226,817,420

1 -1 226,802,034

1 -1 15,120,809

6 -6 604,802,892

4 64,726 263,498,903

1 2,699 5,228,867

22 534 58,406,948

0 445 1,493,070

0 1,105 3,894,478

0 0 446,994

0 4,934 1,262,588

22 534 58,406,948

0 15 85,527

0 315 1,463,550

0 18 7,014



5.3.9 End suction own bearing pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW


150 kW to 1 MW) are shown in



than 99% of the overall environmental impacts for 1





The results of the environmental analysis of BC-10 (end-suction own bearing water pumps from

150 kW to 1 MW) are shown in Table 5-24 and in Figure 5-9. According to these, the

consumption during the use phase is the most predominant aspects contributing to the


than 99% of the overall environmental impacts for 15 out of 17 environmental impact categories.





2009/125/EC | 37


suction own bearing water pumps from

. According to these, the energy

inant aspects contributing to the

The use phase contributes with more



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%




Material




Water (process) ltr




Emissions (Air)







PAHs mg Ni eq. 164


Emissions (Water)





: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-10: End suction own bearing water pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW


Material Manuf. Total Disposal Recycl.

debet credit

9,957 2,828 12,784 718 409,500,128 3,658

291 1,654 1,945 2 409,500,019 0

771 23 794 0 27,300,008 0

2,053 731 2,784 0 1,092,000,028 0

455,242 11,874 467,116 324 474,796,684 64,534

11 1 12 6 9,436,083 900

901 160 1,060 44 17,870,362 273

negligible

4,506 692 5,198 132 105,446,302 536

78 2 80 12 154,229 15

5,756 227 5,983 2 2,684,162 444

1,768 533 2,301 16 7,025,499 1,069

164 0 164 29 806,721 0

8,011 106 8,117 2,051 2,252,331 4,762

886 0 886 1 2,640,344 304

22 1 23 0 12,591 17

negligible


10: End suction own bearing water pumps from 150 kW to 1 MW

Total

Recycl. Total

credit

131 3,527 409,517,157

0 0 409,501,965

0 0 27,300,802

2 -2 1,092,002,810

1 64,532 475,328,655

0 900 9,437,001

9 264 17,871,729

12 524 105,452,156

0 15 154,336

0 444 2,690,591

0 1,069 7,028,885

0 0 806,915

0 4,762 2,267,260

0 304 2,641,535

0 17 12,631



5.3.10 Submersible borehole pumps


Table 5-25 and in Figure 5-10

is the most predominant aspects contributing to the environmental impacts from the product’s

entire life cycle. The use phase contributes





Submersible borehole pumps

The results of the environmental analysis of BC-11 (submersible borehole pump

10. According to these, the energy consumption during the use phase

inant aspects contributing to the environmental impacts from the product’s

entire life cycle. The use phase contributes the most to the overall environmental impacts for 1






2009/125/EC | 39

11 (submersible borehole pumps) are shown in

According to these, the energy consumption during the use phase


the overall environmental impacts for 15


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%




Material




Water (process) ltr

Water (cooling) ltr



Emissions (Air)







PAHs mg Ni eq.


Emissions (Water)





: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-11: Submersible borehole pumps



debet

9,816 4,000 13,816 496 28,262,010 2,699

591 2,303 2,894 1 28,261,901

569 31 600 0 1,884,131

894 980 1,874 0 75,365,011

378,093 19,072 397,165 233 32,772,009 41,451

37 3 39 5 651,237 5,725

761 228 989 31 1,233,342 201

negligible

2,067 990 3,057 92 7,277,463 397

49 4 53 8 10,645 10

5,909 493 6,403 1 185,309 285

1,029 1,156 2,185 12 484,889 780

18 0 18 20 55,676

3,167 151 3,318 1,367 155,473 3,512

824 1 825 0 182,232 224

21 2 22 0 869 13

negligible


life Total

Recycl. Total

credit

2,699 957 1,743 28,278,064

0 2 -2 28,264,794

0 2 -2 1,884,730

0 13 -13 75,366,872

41,451 9 41,441 33,210,848

5,725 1 5,724 657,004

201 70 132 1,234,494

397 88 308 7,280,920

10 1 9 10,715

285 0 285 191,998

780 0 780 487,866

0 0 0 55,714

3,512 2 3,510 163,670

224 0 224 183,282

13 0 13 904



5.3.11 Vertical multistage


Table 5-26 and in Figure 5-11

is the most predominant aspects contributing to the environmental impacts from the product’s

entire life cycle. The use phase contributes with more than 9

impacts for 15 out of 17 environmental impact categories.




Vertical multistage pumps

The results of the environmental analysis of BC-12 (vertical multistage pumps) are shown in

11. According to these, the energy consumption during the use phase








2009/125/EC | 41

12 (vertical multistage pumps) are shown in



% of the overall environmental


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%




Material




Water (process) ltr




Emissions (Air)







PAHs mg Ni eq.


Emissions (Water)





: Life cycle impact (per unit) of BC-12: Vertical multistage pumps



debet

7,808 2,435 10,244 607 51,674,682 2,390

357 1,412 1,769 1 51,674,598 0

604 20 624 0 3,444,978 0

1,046 612 1,657 0 137,798,896 0

323,652 10,987 334,639 278 59,917,090 39,040

24 1 25 6 1,190,734 3,144

610 138 749 37 2,255,057 178

negligible

2,801 600 3,400 112 13,306,238 351

44 2 46 10 19,462 10

4,126 253 4,379 2 338,749 269

1,060 593 1,654 14 886,557 694

99 0 99 25 101,801 0

3,870 92 3,962 1,709 284,250 3,110

616 0 617 0 333,189 199

17 1 18 0 1,589 11

negligible


life Total

Recycl. Total

credit

710 1,680 51,687,212

1 -1 51,676,367

1 -1 3,445,601

7 -7 137,800,546

5 39,035 60,291,041

1 3,143 1,193,908

52 126 2,255,969

66 285 13,310,036

1 9 19,528

0 269 343,399

0 694 888,919

0 0 101,924

1 3,108 293,029

0 199 334,004

0 11 1,618



5.4 Base-Case Life Cycle

This section presents the results of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of the Base

EcoReport tool. In this analysis, all the consumer expenditures throughout the life

product are considered which include:

Average sales prices of the Base




Average lifetime of the Base

Average annual energy consumption

In the following Tasks, this analysis will serve to compare the total expenditure of the different

design options identified for each Base


Where PP is the purchase and in

present worth factor, calculated as follows:

Where N is the product life in years and

Table 5-27 presents the EcoReport outcomes of the LCC calculations for all the base

ENER lot 29. There are similarities between BC

(domestic and commercial swimming pool pumps)

9 (end suction close coupled inline pumps)

(submersible borehole pumps)

cost. The electricity cost is the main life cycle cost for these base

Therefore, the improvement in energy efficiency of these pumps w

LCC.

The electricity cost is also the predominant cost for BC

installation cost is high and accounted

4&5 (aquarium pumps) and BC

contribution for the LCC cost.

electricity required is not as high as the other group of pumps.

in these pumps would not provide much cost savings to consumers.



Case Life Cycle Costs

This section presents the results of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of the Base

EcoReport tool. In this analysis, all the consumer expenditures throughout the life

considered which include:

prices of the Base-Cases (in Euro)




Average lifetime of the Base-Case (in years)

Average annual energy consumption (in kWh)


design options identified for each Base-Case.


LCC = PP + PWF*OE+ EoL

Where PP is the purchase and installation price, OE is the operating expense and PWF is the

present worth factor, calculated as follows:

is the product life in years and r is the discount rate specified in Task 2

presents the EcoReport outcomes of the LCC calculations for all the base

ENER lot 29. There are similarities between BC-1 (domestic swimming pool pumps)

l swimming pool pumps), BC-8 (end suction close coupled pumps)

(end suction close coupled inline pumps), BC-10 (end suction own bearing pumps)

(submersible borehole pumps) and BC-12 (vertical multi-stage pumps) concerning the life cycle

The electricity cost is the main life cycle cost for these base-cases (more than 85% of LCC).

improvement in energy efficiency of these pumps would significantly reduce the

The electricity cost is also the predominant cost for BC-6 (spa pumps) but at the same time

accounted for 32% of LCC. For BC-3 (fountain and pond pumps)

and BC-7 (counter current pumps), the product price is the major

contribution for the LCC cost. These pumps have low annual energy consumption thus the

electricity required is not as high as the other group of pumps. Improvement in energy efficiency

would not provide much cost savings to consumers.



2009/125/EC | 43

This section presents the results of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of the Base-Cases using the

EcoReport tool. In this analysis, all the consumer expenditures throughout the life span of the


stallation price, OE is the operating expense and PWF is the

Task 2.

presents the EcoReport outcomes of the LCC calculations for all the base-cases in

(domestic swimming pool pumps), BC-2

(end suction close coupled pumps), BC-

(end suction own bearing pumps), BC-11

concerning the life cycle

cases (more than 85% of LCC).

significantly reduce the

but at the same time, the

(fountain and pond pumps), BC-

, the product price is the major

consumption thus the

Improvement in energy efficiency


Table

BC-1 BC-2

[€] % [€] % [€]

Product price 480 8 2,000 5 250

Installation/ acquisition

costs (if any) 250 4 500 1 -

Electricity cost 5,566 88 40,363 94 118

Repair & maintenance

costs 17 <1 20 <1 21

Total 6,313 100 42,884 100 389


Table 5-27: Life Cycle Costs per product for all the Base cases

BC-3 BC-4 & BC-5 BC-6 BC-7 BC-8 BC-9

€] % [€] % [€] % [€] % [€] % [€] %

250 64 98 79 275 19 1,375 69 8,000 <1 8,000 <1

- 0 - 0 450 32 500 25 2,000 <1 2,000 <1

118 30 26 21 676 48 108 5 1,614,531 99 1,614,531 99

21 5 - 0 20 1 20 1 340 <1 340 <1

389 100 123 100 1,422 100 2,003 100 1,624,871 100 1,624,871 100


BC-10 BC-11 BC-12

% [€] % [€] % [€] %

<1 8,000 <1 3,874 2 2,206 1

<1 2,000 <1 1,340 1 2,000 <1

99 2,915,125 100 235,798 98 423,386 98

<1 340 <1 771 <1 4,693 1

100 2,925,465 100 241,782 100 432,285 100


Work on Preparatory studies

5.5 EU Totals

In this section, the environmental impact data and the Life Cycle Cost data are aggregated

EU-27 level using stock and market data from Task 2. It is assumed that the entire installed stock

in the EU-27 in 2011 is represented by the Base

5.5.1 Life-cycle environmental impact at EU

The aggregated results of the

stock of products are presented in

the EU stock of each of the 11

gas (GHG) emissions per year are between

metals emissions range 0.0

between 0.1 kt SO2 eq. and 261 kt

Submersible borehole pumps present the highest energy consumption per year in the EU

contribute to the highest GHG, acidification, and heavy metals emissions.



the environmental impact data and the Life Cycle Cost data are aggregated

27 level using stock and market data from Task 2. It is assumed that the entire installed stock

27 in 2011 is represented by the Base-Cases.

cycle environmental impact at EU-27 level

The aggregated results of the life cycle environmental impacts per year corresponding to the

stock of products are presented in Table 5-28. The total primary energy consumption per year of

1 Base-Cases in 2011 is between 0.2 PJ and 1,014 P

emissions per year are between 0.01 mt CO2 eq. and 44 mt CO

.002 ton Hg/20 to 6.6 ton Hg/20 while acidification emission

261 kt SO2 eq. per year.

Submersible borehole pumps present the highest energy consumption per year in the EU

highest GHG, acidification, and heavy metals emissions.


for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive

2009/125/EC | 45

the environmental impact data and the Life Cycle Cost data are aggregated at the

27 level using stock and market data from Task 2. It is assumed that the entire installed stock

corresponding to the EU

. The total primary energy consumption per year of

1,014 PJ. The greenhouse

CO2 eq. Annual heavy

Hg/20 while acidification emissions are

Submersible borehole pumps present the highest energy consumption per year in the EU-27 and


Table 5-28: EU-27

Life Cycle

phases -->

BC-1 BC-2 BC

Total Energy (GER) PJ 188 33

of which, electricity (in

primary MJ) PJ 188 33

Water (process) mln. m3 13 2 0.2

Water (cooling) mln. m3 500 87

Waste, non-haz./

landfill kt 242 39

Waste, hazardous/

incinerated kt 6.3 0.8 0.2

Greenhouse Gases in

GWP100 mt CO2 eq. 8 1 0.1

Ozone Depletion,

emissions t R-11 eq. negligible negligible negligible

Acidification,

emissions kt SO2 eq. 49 8 0.8

Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC) kt 0.1 0.0 0.0

Persistent Organic

Pollutants (POP) g i-Teq 1.4 0.2 0.0

Heavy Metals tonNi eq. 3.3 0.6 0.1

PAHs tonNi eq. 0.4 0.1 0.01

Particulate Matter

(PM, dust) kt 1.4 0.2 0.2

Heavy Metals ton Hg/20 1.2 0.2 0.02

Eutrophication kt PO4 0.01 0.0 0.0

Persistent Organic

Pollutants (POP) g i-Teq negligible negligible negligible


27 total impact of the installed stock (2011) of the 11 Base-Cases

BC-3 BC-4 &

BC-5 BC-6 BC-7 BC-8 BC-9 BC-10


3 5 0.2 1 11 11 113

3 5 0.2 1 11 11 113

0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 1 1 8

7 12 0.5 2 30 30 300

6 9 0.7 9 13 13 131

0.2 0.2 0.03 0.4 0.3 0.3 2.6

Emissions (Air)

0.1 0.2 0.01 0.05 0.5 0.5 4.9

negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible

0.8 1.3 0.1 0.3 2.9 2.9 29

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7

0.1 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.2 0.2 2

0.01 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.2

0.2 0.5 0.01 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6

Emissions (Water)

0.02 0.03 0.002 0.02 0.1 0.1 0.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible


10 BC-11 BC-12 TOTAL

1,014 137 1,517

1,013 137 1,515

68 9 101

2,702 366 4,039

1,192 160 1,814

24 3 38

44 6 66

negligible negligible negligible negligible

261 35 391

0.4 0.1 1

7 0.9 10

18 2 26

2.0 0.3 3

5.9 0.8 10

6.6 0.9 10

0.03 0.0 0.1

negligible negligible negligible negligible


Work on Preparatory studies

5.5.2 Life-cycle costs at EU

The aggregated results of the annual consumer expenditure per Base

the year 2011 are presented in

year, assuming that the Base

The electricity cost is the predominant of the total annual consumer expenditure at the EU

which has a share of 94%. Th

possible improvement options of the



cycle costs at EU-27 level

The aggregated results of the annual consumer expenditure per Base-Case in the EU

the year 2011 are presented in Table 5-29. This represents the total expenditure at EU level per

year, assuming that the Base-Cases represent the entire installed stock in the EU

The electricity cost is the predominant of the total annual consumer expenditure at the EU

which has a share of 94%. These results again point out the importance of studying further

possible improvement options of the energy efficiency of Lot 29 pumps.


for implementing measures of the Ecodesign Directive

2009/125/EC | 47

Case in the EU-27 based on

nditure at EU level per

Cases represent the entire installed stock in the EU-27.

The electricity cost is the predominant of the total annual consumer expenditure at the EU-27

out the importance of studying further the


Table 5-29

BC-1

Product price (million €) 230

Installation/ acquisition costs (if any) (million €) 120

Electricity (million €) 1,966

Repair & maintenance costs (million €) 6

Total (million €) 2,322

Share of the annual consumer expenditure by

BC 14%


29: EU-27 total annual consumer expenditure in EU-27 (2011)

BC-2 BC-3 BC-4&

BC-5 BC-6 BC-7 BC-8 BC-9 BC-10 BC

23 51 117 1 138 1 1 4

6 0 0 2 50 0 0 1

342 29 48 2 8 119 119 1,180 10,615

0 5 0 0 2 0 0 0

370 86 166 5 197 120 120 1,185 10,855

2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 7% 64%


BC-11 BC-12 TOTAL

EU-27

Share of

the annual

consumer

expenditure

by item

153 7 726 4%

53 6 238 1%

10,615 1,438 15,865 94%

35 16 64 <1%

10,855 1,467 16,893 100%

64% 9% 100%




In this section, the total environmental impacts calculated for the base

compared with other results from similar studies.

The annual primary energy consumption

within the ENER Lot 29 preparatory study is around

Table 5-30: Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products

ENER Lot 11

ENER Lot 28

ENER Lot 29

From Table 5-30 above, it is evident that the energy consumptions emissions of CO

per year are significantly higher than those for

5.6 Conclusions

This Task 5 report presents the results of the

economic costs of eleven Base

products most relevant for proposing ecodesign requirements. The selection of Bas

subsequent analysis was based upon the market analysis presented in Task 2, the consumer

behaviour described in Task 3 and the technical analysis of products carried out in Task 4. The

Base-Cases were constructed as an “abstraction” of the aver

representing a wide range of products considered in this ENER Lot 29 preparatory study. The

Base-Cases are used to estimate the environmental impacts of pumps for private and public

swimming pools, ponds, fountains, and aquariums

regulated under ENER Lot 11) products in the EU.

The results of the analysis show that energy consumption during the use phase is the most

important environmental aspect. The manufacturing, distribution and end

significant to the overall environmental impacts. However

end-of-life phase are significant for the counter

commercial spas, aquarium pumps (domestic/small aqua

and pond pumps notably because of particulate matter emissions

and water Eutrophication. At the same time, t

to PAHs, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter emissions to the air.

The results of the economic analysis are in line with the environmental impacts. Energy

consumption (electricity) is the largest single component of the overall Life Cycle Costs. Purchase

costs and maintenance costs also represent significant shares of the total consumer expenditure.



27 total system impact

In this section, the total environmental impacts calculated for the base-cases at EU

compared with other results from similar studies.

energy consumption over the life cycle of the stock of all products covered

preparatory study is around 1,517 PJ.

: Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products

Geographical

scope

Energy

consumption

per year (PJ)

Emissions

mtCO2eq per

year

EU-27 1,496 64

EU-27 194 9

EU-27 1,517 66

above, it is evident that the energy consumptions emissions of CO

per year are significantly higher than those for ENER Lot 28 and similar to those for

presents the results of the analysis of the environmental impacts and

economic costs of eleven Base-Cases that are thought to represent the clean water pump

products most relevant for proposing ecodesign requirements. The selection of Bas



Cases were constructed as an “abstraction” of the average product in the market


Cases are used to estimate the environmental impacts of pumps for private and public

swimming pools, ponds, fountains, and aquariums (and clean water pumps larger than those

11) products in the EU.

show that energy consumption during the use phase is the most

important environmental aspect. The manufacturing, distribution and end-of

significant to the overall environmental impacts. However, the environmental impacts of the

life phase are significant for the counter-current pumps, spa pumps for domestic and

commercial spas, aquarium pumps (domestic/small aquarium - non-commercial

notably because of particulate matter emissions, incinerated hazardous waste

At the same time, the distribution phase of these pumps

compounds and particulate matter emissions to the air.



ntenance costs also represent significant shares of the total consumer expenditure.



2009/125/EC | 49

cases at EU-27 level are

of the stock of all products covered

: Annual energy consumption and emissions of EU stock of pump products

Emissions

mtCO2eq per

year

Emissions

ktSO2eq per

year

64 386

51

66 391

above, it is evident that the energy consumptions emissions of CO2 and of SO2

those for ENER Lot 11.

the environmental impacts and

Cases that are thought to represent the clean water pump

products most relevant for proposing ecodesign requirements. The selection of Base-Cases and



age product in the market


Cases are used to estimate the environmental impacts of pumps for private and public

(and clean water pumps larger than those

show that energy consumption during the use phase is the most

of-life phases are less

the environmental impacts of the

current pumps, spa pumps for domestic and

commercial) and fountain

incinerated hazardous waste

of these pumps contributes

compounds and particulate matter emissions to the air.



ntenance costs also represent significant shares of the total consumer expenditure.

50 |


2009/125/EC

The environmental and economic analysis of the Base

Tasks 6&7. As most of the environmental impacts are caused

the use phase, the improvement options will be focused mainly on this aspect. However,

improvement options that can lead to a reduction of raw materia

also be explored.

Task 5: Bas


The environmental and economic analysis of the Base-Cases will serve as point of reference

. As most of the environmental impacts are caused by the energy consumption during


improvement options that can lead to a reduction of raw materials used and less emissions will


Cases will serve as point of reference for

by the energy consumption during


ls used and less emissions will

This page is left intentionally blank

30 April 2013

20-22 Villa Deshayes

75014 Paris

+ 33 (0) 1 53 90 11 80

biois.com

Sample of EcoReport

for BC-1

ECO-DESIGN OF ENERGY-USING PRODUCTS

Nr Date

2013/01

Pos MATERIALS Extraction & Production Weight Category Material or Processnr Description of component in g Click &select select Category first !

1 Product

2 Steel 24237.3 3-Ferro 21-St sheet galv.

3 Other ferrous metals 74779.7 3-Ferro 23-Cast iron

4

5 Non ferrous metals 6412.4 4-Non-ferro 27-Al diecast

6 6412.4 4-Non-ferro 28-Cu winding wire

7 Plastics 1141.2 1-BlkPlastics 2-HDPE

8 Others 1141.2 7-Misc. 54-Glass for lamps

9

10

11 Packaging

12 Plastics 221.5 1-BlkPlastics 2-HDPE

13 Paper 0.0 7-Misc. 57-Office paper

14 Cardboard 614.7 7-Misc. 56-Cardboard

15 Others 19666.7 7-Misc. 56-Cardboard

16

Product name

BC-1 Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1-160kW

Author

BIO Intelligence Service

Version 5 VHK for European Commission 28 Nov. 2005 Document subject to a legal notice (see below)

EuP EcoReport: INPUTS Assessment of Environmental Impact

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

404141

Pos MATERIALS Extraction & Production (ct'd 3) Weight Category Material or Processnr Description of component in g Click &select select Category first !

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

TOTAL 134627

Pos MANUFACTURING Weight Percentage Category index (fixed)nr Description in g Adjust

201 OEM Plastics Manufacturing (fixed) 1363 20201 OEM Plastics Manufacturing (fixed) 1363 20

202 Foundries Fe/Cu/Zn (fixed) 74780 34

203 Foundries Al/Mg (fixed) 6412 35

204 Sheetmetal Manufacturing (fixed) 24237 36

205 PWB Manufacturing (fixed) 0 53

206 Other materials (Manufacturing already included) 27835

207 Sheetmetal Scrap (Please adjust percentage only) 1212 5% 37

Pos DISTRIBUTION (incl. Final Assembly) Answer Category index (fixed)

nr Description

208 Is it an ICT or Consumer Electronics product <15 kg ? NO 59 0

209 Is it an installed appliance (e.g. boiler)? 1 YES 60 162 0

210 Volume of packaged final product in m3 in m3 0.8 63 1

64 0

Pos USE PHASE unit Subtotalsnr Description

211 Product Life in years 10 years

Electricity

212 On-mode: Consumption per hour, cycle, setting, etc. 7,971.75 kWh 7971.751412

213 On-mode: No. Of hours, cycles, settings, etc. / year 1 #

214 Standby-mode: Consumption per hour kWh 0

215 Standby-mode: No. Of hours / year #

216 Off-mode: Consumption per hour kWh 0

217 Off-mode: No. Of hours / year #217 Off-mode: No. Of hours / year #

TOTAL over Product Life 79.72 MWh (=000 kWh) 65

Heat

218 Avg. Heat Power Output kW

219 No. Of hours / year hrs.

220 Type and efficiency (Click & select) 100.0% 16 66-Electric resistance 96

TOTAL over Product Life 0.00 GJ

Consumables (excl, spare parts) material

221 Water 0 m3/year 83-Water per m3

222 Auxilliary material 1 (Click & select) 0 kg/ year 85-None



Maintenance, Repairs, Service

225 No. of km over Product-Life 0 km / Product Life 86226 Spare parts (fixed, 1% of product materials & manuf.) 1346 g

Pos DISPOSAL & RECYCLING unit Subtotals

nr Description

Substances released during Product Life and Landfill

227 Refrigerant in the product (Click & select) 0 g 1-none

228 Percentage of fugitive & dumped refrigerant 0%

229 Mercury (Hg) in the product 0 g Hg

230 Percentage of fugitive & dumped mercury 0%

Disposal: Environmental Costs perkg final product

231 Landfill (fraction products not recovered) in g en % 10770 8% 88-fixed

232 Incineration (plastics & PWB not re-used/recycled) 1226 g 91-fixed232 Incineration (plastics & PWB not re-used/recycled) 1226 g 91-fixed233 Plastics: Re-use & Recycling ("cost"-side) 136 g 92-fixed

Re-use, Recycling Benefit in g% of plastics

fraction

234 Plastics: Re-use, Closed Loop Recycling (please edit%) 14 1% 4

235 Plastics: Materials Recycling (please edit% only) 123 9% 4236 Plastics: Thermal Recycling (please edit% only) 1226 90% 72

237 Electronics: PWB Easy to Disassemble ? (Click&select) 0 YES 98

238 Metals & TV Glass & Misc. (95% Recycling) 126601 fixed

Legal notice

This document does not necessarily reflect the view of the European Commission. It was drafted to the best of ability within budget restrictions. VHK and the European Commission do not assume any liability for any material or immaterial damage from using this document or information contained therein. Copyright ©Van Holsteijn en Kemna BV 2005. Distribution rights European Commission 2005. Duplication allowed if source, draft version and legal notice are mentioned.

Nr

0

Life Cycle phases --> DISTRI- USE TOTALResources Use and Emissions Material Manuf. Total BUTION Disposal Recycl. Total

Materials unit1 Bulk Plastics g 1363 1226 136 1363 02 TecPlastics g 0 0 0 0 03 Ferro g 99017 7921 91096 99017 04 Non-ferro g 12825 1026 11799 12825 05 Coating g 0 0 0 0 06 Electronics g 0 0 0 0 07 Misc. g 21423 1714 19709 21423 0

Total weight g 134627 11888 122740 134627 0

see note!Other Resources & Waste debet credit

8 Total Energy (GER) MJ 3531 643 4174 940 837076 819 363 456 8426469 of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ 134 384 518 2 837039 0 1 -1 837559

10 Water (process) ltr 255 6 260 0 55805 0 0 0 5606511 Water (cooling) ltr 316 178 494 0 2232095 0 3 -3 223258712 Waste, non-haz./ landfill g 199750 2187 201937 414 972513 13204 2 13202 118806613 Waste, hazardous/ incinerated g 14 0 14 8 19288 1226 0 1226 20536

Date

2013/01BC-1 Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1-160kW

END-OF-LIFE*

EuP EcoReport: RESULTS Assessment of Environmental Impact ECO-DESIGN OF ENERGY-USING PRODUCTS

Document subject to a legal notice (see below))Version 5 VHK for European Commission 28 Nov. 2005

Life cycle Impact per product:

PRODUCTION

Author


Table . Life Cycle Impact (per unit) of BC-1 Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1-160kW

Emissions (Air)14 Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 235 36 271 57 36530 61 27 34 3689315 Ozone Depletion, emissions mg R-11 eq.16 Acidification, emissions g SO2 eq. 2504 155 2659 172 215563 120 34 87 21848017 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) g 13 0 13 17 315 3 0 3 34818 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq 1319 13 1332 2 5500 91 0 91 692519 Heavy Metals mg Ni eq. 603 31 633 21 14367 238 0 238 15259

PAHs mg Ni eq. 152 0 152 38 1650 0 0 0 184020 Particulate Matter (PM, dust) g 1159 24 1183 2735 4616 1066 1 1065 9599

Emissions (Water)21 Heavy Metals mg Hg/20 237 0 237 1 5399 68 0 68 570522 Eutrophication g PO4 6 0 7 0 26 4 0 4 3623 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) ng i-Teq

Nr

0

negligible

This document does not necessarily reflect the view of the European Commission. It was drafted to the best of ability within budget restrictions. VHK and the European Commission do not assume any liability for any material or immaterial damage from using this document or information contained therein. Copyright ©Van Holsteijn en Kemna BV 2005. Distribution rights European Commission 2005. Duplication allowed if source, draft version and legal notice are mentioned.

Legal notice

*=Note: Recycling credits only relate to recycling of plastics and electronics (excl. LCD/CRT). Recycling credits for metals and other fractions are already taken into account in the production phase.

negligible

Author

BC-1 Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1-160kW2013/01 BIO Intelligence Service

Table . EU Total Impact of NEW BC-1 Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1-160kW produced in 2005 (over their lifetime)

EU Impact of New Models sold 2005 over their lifetime: Date


Materials unit1 Bulk Plastics kt 0 0 0 0 02 TecPlastics kt 0 0 0 0 03 Ferro kt 18 1 16 18 04 Non-ferro kt 2 0 2 2 05 Coating kt 0 0 0 0 06 Electronics kt 0 0 0 0 07 Misc. kt 4 0 3 4 0

Total weight kt 24 2 22 24 0


8 Total Energy (GER) PJ 1 0 1 0 148 0 0 0 1499 of which, electricity (in primary PJ) PJ 0 0 0 0 148 0 0 0 148

10 Water (process) mln. m3 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 1011 Water (cooling) mln. m3 0 0 0 0 395 0 0 0 39512 Waste, non-haz./ landfill kt 35 0 36 0 172 2 0 2 21013 Waste, hazardous/ incinerated kt 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4

Emissions (Air)14 Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 mt CO2 eq. 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 715 Ozone Depletion, emissions t R-11 eq.16 Acidification, emissions kt SO2 eq. 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 3917 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) kt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 018 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) g i-Teq 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 119 Heavy Metals ton Ni eq. 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3

PAHs ton Ni eq. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 020 Particulate Matter (PM, dust) kt 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2

Emissions (Water)21 Heavy Metals ton Hg/20 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

PRODUCTION END-OF-LIFE*

negligible

21 Heavy Metals ton Hg/20 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 122 Eutrophication kt PO4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 023 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) g i-Teq

Nr


Materials unit1 Bulk Plastics kt 0 0 0 0 02 TecPlastics kt 0 0 0 0 03 Ferro kt 18 1 16 18 04 Non-ferro kt 2 0 2 2 05 Coating kt 0 0 0 0 06 Electronics kt 0 0 0 0 07 Misc. kt 4 0 3 4 0

Total weight kt 24 2 22 24 0


8 Total Energy (GER) PJ 1 0 1 0 110 0 0 0 111


*=Note: mt= megatonnes (metric)= 109 kg; kt= kilotonnes (metric)= 109g; ton( metric)= 109

g; g=gram= 109 ng ; mln. M3 = million cubic metres= 109

litres;

PJ= petaJoules= 109 MJ (megajoules) = 1015 Joules.

EU Impact of Products in 2005 (produced, in use, discarded)*** Date Author

Table . EU Total Impact of STOCK of BC-1 Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1-160kW in 2005 (produced, in use, discarded)


PRODUCTION END-OF-LIFE*

BC-1 Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1-160kW2013/01

negligible

9 of which, electricity (in primary PJ) PJ 0 0 0 0 110 0 0 0 11010 Water (process) mln. m3 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 711 Water (cooling) mln. m3 0 0 0 0 292 0 0 0 29212 Waste, non-haz./ landfill kt 35 0 36 0 127 2 0 2 16613 Waste, hazardous/ incinerated kt 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3

Emissions (Air)14 Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 mt CO2 eq. 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 515 Ozone Depletion, emissions t R-11 eq.16 Acidification, emissions kt SO2 eq. 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 2917 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) kt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 018 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) g i-Teq 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 119 Heavy Metals ton Ni eq. 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2

PAHs ton Ni eq. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 020 Particulate Matter (PM, dust) kt 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

Emissions (Water)21 Heavy Metals ton Hg/20 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 122 Eutrophication kt PO4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 023 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) g i-Teq

main life cycle indicators value

Total Energy (GER) 111 PJ

negligible

negligible


**=mt= megatonnes (metric)= 109 kg; kt= kilotonnes (metric)= 109g; ton( metric)= 109

g; g=gram= 109 ng ; mln. M3 = million cubic metres= 109

litres; PJ=

petaJoules= 109 MJ (megajoules) = 1015 Joules.

Table . Summary Environmental Impacts EU-Stock 2005, BC-1 Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1-160kW

unit

***=simplified model assuming produced=EOL

Total Energy (GER) 111of which, electricity 10.5

Water (process)* 7Waste, non-haz./ landfill* 166

Waste, hazardous/ incinerated* 3

Emissions (Air)Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 5Acidifying agents (AP) 29

Volatile Org. Compounds (VOC) 0

Persistent Org. Pollutants (POP) 1Heavy Metals (HM) 2PAHs 0Particulate Matter (PM, dust) 1

Emissions (Water)Heavy Metals (HM) 1Eutrophication (EP) 0

kt

PJ

g i-Teq.

mt CO2eq.kt SO2eq.

ton Ni eq.ton Ni eq.

BC-1 Centrifugal submersible radial sewage pumps 1-160kW

total annual consumer expenditure in EU25

ton Hg/20kt PO4

LCC new product

*=caution: low accuracy for production phase

Item

TWhmln.m3kton

kton

Table . Life Cycle Costs per product and Total annual expenditure (2005) in the EU-25

kt

D € mln.€E € mln.€F € mln.€F € mln.€G € mln.€H € mln.€I € mln.€J € mln.€K € mln.€

€ mln.€

Aux. 1: NoneAux. 2 :None

0

00

Water 0

Aux. 3: None0

Fuel (gas, oil, wood) 0

11313Total

041

0

11490

573

7112

1888

597102

254Repair & maintenance costs

3373

0

Product priceInstallation/ acquisition costs (if any)

Electricity

Weight distributionBulk Plastics TecPlastics Ferro Non-ferro Coating Electronics Misc. Total weight

Weight (g) 1363 0 99017 12825 0 0 21423 134,627Weight (%) 1% 0% 74% 10% 0% 0% 16% 100%

ContributionPRODUCTION DISTRI- USE END-OF-LIFE* TOTAL

Material Manuf. Total BUTION Disposal Recycl. Total

Total Energy (GER) 0.4% 0.1% 0.5% 0.1% 99.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 100.0%of which, electricity (in primary MJ) 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 99.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%Water (process) 0.5% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 99.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%Water (cooling) 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%Waste, non-haz./ landfill 16.8% 0.2% 17.0% 0.0% 81.9% 1.1% 0.0% 1.1% 100.0%Waste, hazardous/ incinerated 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 93.9% 6.0% 0.0% 6.0% 100.0%

Greenhouse Gases in GWP100 0.6% 0.1% 0.7% 0.2% 99.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 100.0%Ozone Depletion, emissionsAcidification, emissions 1.1% 0.1% 1.2% 0.1% 98.7% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) 3.7% 0.0% 3.8% 4.8% 90.7% 0.9% 0.1% 0.8% 100.0%Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) 19.1% 0.2% 19.2% 0.0% 79.4% 1.3% 0.0% 1.3% 100.0%Heavy Metals into air 4.0% 0.2% 4.2% 0.1% 94.2% 1.6% 0.0% 1.6% 100.0%PAHs 8.3% 0.0% 8.3% 2.1% 89.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0%Particulate Matter (PM, dust) 12.1% 0.2% 12.3% 28.5% 48.1% 11.1% 0.0% 11.1% 100.0%

Heavy Metals into water 4.2% 0.0% 0.04158714 0.0% 94.6% 1.2% 0.0% 1.2% 100.0%Eutrophication 17.5% 0.8% 0.18292129 0.0% 71.0% 10.7% 0.0% 10.7% 100.0%Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP)


Emissions (Air)

Emissions (Water)

Life Cycle PRODUCTION DISTRI- USE END - OF - LIFE TOTALMaterial Manuf. Total BUTION Disposal Recycl. Total

Other Resources & Waste debet creditTotal Energy (GER)MJ 3,531 643 4,174 940 837,076 819 363 456 842,646of which, electricity (in primary MJ) MJ 134 384 518 2 837,039 0 1 -1 837,559Water (process) ltr 255 6 260 0 55,805 0 0 0 56,065Water (cooling) ltr 316 178 494 0 2,232,095 0 3 -3 2,232,587Waste, non-haz./ landfillg 199,750 2,187 201,937 414 972,513 13,204 2 13,202 1,188,066Waste, hazardous/ incineratedg 14 0 14 8 19,288 1,226 0 1,226 20,536Emissions (Air)Greenhouse Gases in GWP100kg CO2 eq. 235 36 271 57 36,530 61 27 34 36,893Ozone Depletion, emissionsmg R-11 eq. negligibleAcidification, emissionsg SO2 eq. 2,504 155 2,659 172 215,563 120 34 87 218,480Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)g 13 0 13 17 315 3 0 3 348Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP)ng i-Teq 1,319 13 1,332 2 5,500 91 0 91 6,925Heavy Metals mg Ni eq. 603 31 633 21 14,367 238 0 238 15,259PAHs mg Ni eq. 152 0 152 38 1,650 0 0 0 1,840Particulate Matter (PM, dust)g 1,159 24 1,183 2,735 4,616 1,066 1 1,065 9,599Emissions (Water)Heavy Metals mg Hg/20 237 0 237 1 5,399 68 0 68 5,705Eutrophication g PO4 6 0 7 0 26 4 0 4 36Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP)ng i-Teq negligible

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%


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