Master Plan, Lohardaga-2040. (Draft) Plan, Lohardaga-2040. (Draft) Client: Directorate of Municipal Administration, Urban Development Department, Jharkhand and Lohardaga Nagar Parishad

Master Plan, Lohardaga-2040.

(Draft)

Client:

Directorate of Municipal Administration,

Urban Development Department,

Jharkhand and

Lohardaga Nagar Parishad

Prepared By:

NF Infratech Service Pvt. Ltd.

N-14, LG Floor, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi

Preparation of GIS Based Master Plan and Zonal Development Plan for Lohardaga (Jharkhand)

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1

1.2 LOCATION & REGIONAL SETTING 1

1.3 LINKAGES & CONNECTIVITY 2

1.3.1 ROAD CONNECTIVITY 3

1.3.2 AIR CONNECTIVITY 3

1.3.3 RAILWAY CONNECTIVITY 3

1.4 TOPOGRAPHY 4

1.5 CLIMATE 4

1.5.1 TEMPERATURE 5

1.5.2 HUMIDITY 6

1.5.3 RAINFALL 6

1.6 AVAILABILITY OF MINERALS 7

2 NEED SCOPE & OBJECTIVES OF MASTER PLANS 9

2.1 NEED OF MASTER PLAN 9

2.2 AIM 9

2.3 SCOPE OF WORK 11

2.4 STEPS INVOLVED 13

2.5 ADOPTED METHODOLOGY 14

3 POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT 19

3.1 POPULATION GROWTH 19

3.2 SC/ST POPULATION 23

3.3 LITERACY RATE 25

3.4 POPULATION ESTIMATES 27

3.5 FLOATING POPULATION 28

3.6 AGE-SEX COMPOSITION 28

3.7 ECONOMIC BASE AND WORK AREAS 29

3.8 INDUSTRIES AND MINING 33


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3.8.1 HINDALCO (ADITYA BIRLA GROUP) 33

3.8.2 RIADA INDUSTRIAL AREA 33

3.9 MINING 33

3.10 HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRIES 34

4 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION 36

4.1 INTRODUCTION 36

4.2 TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS 36

4.2.1 ROAD NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS 36

4.3 PUBLIC TRANSPORT 36

4.4 CITY NETWORK 37

4.5 PUBLIC TRANSPORT 38

4.6 TRANSPORT SURVEYS & STUDIES 38

4.6.1 ROAD WIDTH 38

4.6.2 TRAFFIC VOLUME 39

4.6.3 CONGESTION AREAS 42

4.6.4 MAINTENANCE OF ROADS 42

4.7 STREET LIGHTING FACILITIES 43

5 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 45

5.1 WATER SUPPLY 45

5.1.1 BACKGROUND 45

5.1.2 WATER SOURCES 45

5.1.3 WATER TREATMENT 46

5.1.4 STORAGE TANKS 46

5.1.5 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AND SYSTEM MAINTENANCE 46

5.1.6 NORMS FOR WATER SUPPLY 47

5.1.7 PROJECTED WATER DEMAND IN DIFFERENT PLANNING UNITS 48

5.2 SEWERAGE 48

5.3 STORM WATER DRAINAGE 49

5.4 SOLID WASTE 50

5.4.1 GENERATION 50


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5.4.2 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID WASTE 51

5.4.3 DUMPING 51

5.4.4 REQUIREMENTS- SOLID WASTE GENERATION 52

5.5 POWER SUPPLY 53

6 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 54

6.1 INTRODUCTION 54

6.2 HEALTH 54

6.3 EDUCATION 56

6.3.1 BASIC EDUCATIONAL AND LITERACY INDICATORS 56

6.3.2 EDUCATION SYSTEM IN JHARKHAND STATE 58

6.4 SAFETY 60

6.5 POSTAL SERVICES 60

6.6 CINEMA HALL 60

6.7 BANKS 60

6.8 RELIGIOUS SITES 61

6.9 OTHER FACILITIES 61

6.10 REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNITY BUILDINGS 62

7 HOUSING AND SLUMS 64

7.1 INTRODUCTION 64

7.2 REVIEW OF EXISTING POLICIES, PROGRAMMES & PROJECTS RELATED TO SLUMS & HOUSING 64

7.3 INTEGRATED HOUSING & SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IHSDP) 64

7.4 SLUMS IN LOHARDAGA 64

7.4.1 SLUM PROFILE 64

8 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL HAZARDS 67

8.1 INTRODUCTION 67

8.2 NATURAL RESERVES 67

8.3 RIVER SYSTEM 67

8.4 POLLUTION 68

8.4.1 WATER POLLUTION 68


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8.4.2 RAIN WATER HARVESTING 68

8.4.3 AIR POLLUTION 68

8.4.5 NOISE POLLUTION 69

8.5 NATURAL HAZARDS 70

8.5.1 HAILSTORM AND THUNDERSTORM 70

8.5.2 FLOODS 70

8.5.3 DROUGHTS 70

8.5.4 EARTHQUAKES 71

9 HERITAGE AND TOURISM 72

10 CITY IMAGE AND CITY STRUCTURE 73

10.1 INTRODUCTION 73

10.2 CITY STRUCTURE 73

10.2.1EXISTING CITY STRUCTURE 73

11 LAND USE 75


11.2 PHYSICAL PATTERN OF GROWTH 75

11.3 EXISTING LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION 77

11.3.1 RESIDENTIAL AREA 80

11.3.2 COMMERCIAL AREA 81

11.3.3 INDUSTRIAL 82

11.3.4 PUBLIC SEMI-PUBLIC AREA 82

11.3.5 TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION 82

11.3.6 RECREATIONAL 83

12 DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES & POTENTIAL 129


12.2 SECTORAL CHALLENGES 129

12.3 DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL 130


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13 PROPOSED LAND USE 129

13.1 RESIDENTIAL 129

13.2 INDUSTRIAL 129

13.3 MIXED LAND USE 129

13.4 TRANSPORTATION 129

13.5 SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL 129

13.6 GREEN BUFFER 129

13.7 AGRICULTURE 129

14 DETAILED DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS FOR KHUNTI 132

14.1 LANDUSE CLASSIFICATION & PERMISSIBLE USES 132

14.1.1 ZONING 132

14.1.2 DIFFERENT USE OF LAND. 132

14.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 148

14.2.1 RESTRICTION ON PERMISSION 148

14.2.2 REQUIREMENT OF SITE 149

14.2.3 DISTANCE FROM ELECTRIC LINES 150

14.2.4 PLANTATION: 150

14.2.5 MEANS OF ACCESS 151

14.2.6 SIZE OF THE PLOT AND ROAD WIDTH 163

14.2.7 OFF STREET PARKING SPACE. 168

14.3 POLLUTION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 171

14.3.1 WATER (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1974 & AIR (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF

POLLUTION) ACT, 1981) 171

14.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCES FROM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 172

14.3.3 REVALIDATION OF “CONSENT TO ESTABLISH” (NOC) 172

14.3.4 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES CONTROL 172

14.3.5 TOXIC INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONTROL 173

14.3.6 CONTROL OF LAND POLLUTION AND REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SITES 174

14.4 INTEGRATED TOWNSHIP 174

14.4.1 LARGE PROJECTS 174


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15 STAKE HOLDER CONSULTATION 176

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1-1-AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (°C) OVER LAST 17 YEARS IN LOHARDAGA 6

TABLE 1-2-AVERAGE RAINFALL (IN MM) OVER LAST 17 YEARS IN LOHARDAGA 7

TABLE 3-1- COMPARATIVE URBAN POPULATION ANALYSIS 19

TABLE 3-2- VILLAGES IN LOHARDAGA LPA 19

TABLE 3-3- WARD-WISE DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 20

TABLE 3-4-WARD-WISE POPULATION DENSITY 21

TABLE 3-5- SC/ST WARD-WISE DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 23

TABLE 3-6- LITERACY LEVEL WARD-WISE DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 25

TABLE 3-7- POPULATION ESTIMATES IN RPA – 2040 27

TABLE 3-8- AGE SEX COMPOSITION – 2001, 2011 SOURCE: CENSUS OF INDIA, 2011 28

TABLE 3-9- COMPARATIVE URBAN POPULATION ANALYSIS- INDIA, STATE AND TOWN 29

TABLE 3-10- COMPARATIVE HOUSEHOLD SIZE ANALYSIS- INDIA, STATE AND TOWN 29

TABLE 3-11- DECADAL TREND OF WORK-FORCE PARTICIPATION - LOHARDAGA NP (2001-2011). 30

TABLE 3-12- WARD-WISE STATUS OF WORKING POPULATION 31

TABLE 3-13- WARD-WISE STATUS OF MAIN WORKING POPULATION IN LOHARDAGA TOWN 31

TABLE 3-14- OUTPUT AND VALUE OF MINERALS PRODUCED IN LOHARDAGA DISTRICT VIS-À-VIS STATE 34

TABLE 4-1- EXISTING SITUATION OF TRANSPORT 37

TABLE 4-2- WIDTH-WISE LENGTH OF ROADS 38

TABLE 4-3- TRAFFIC VOLUME AT MAJOR INTERSECTIONS 40

TABLE 4-4- LENGTH OF ROAD UNDER-MUNICIPALITY/MUNICIPAL COUNCIL 43

TABLE 4-5- STREET LIGHTS UNDER-MUNICIPALITY/MUNICIPAL COUNCIL S 43

TABLE 5-1- DRINKING WATER SOURCES 45

TABLE 5-2- LOCATION & CAPACITY OF OVERHEAD TANKS 46

TABLE 5-3- BRIEF OVERVIEW OF WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE 47

TABLE 5-4- WATER REQUIREMENTS 48

TABLE 5-5-EXISTING DRAINS & SEWERS 49

TABLE 5-6- PROJECTED WASTE WATER REQUIREMENT 49

TABLE 5-7- STATUS OF DRAINAGE NETWORK IN LOHARDAGA 49

TABLE 5-8- STATUS OF EXISTING DRAINAGE NETWORK & ANNUAL RAINFALL 50

TABLE 5-9- SOLID WASTE GENERATION IN LOHARDAGA TOWN-2015 S 50

TABLE 5-10- CATEGORY WISE WASTE GENERATION, 2015 51

TABLE 5-11- STAFF EMPLOYED FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 52


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TABLE 5-12- REQUIREMENTS- SOLID WASTE GENERATION 52

TABLE 5-13- EXISTING STATUS OF ELECTRICITY CONNECTIONS 53

TABLE 6-1- HEATH CARE FACILITIES IN THE LOHARDAGA TOWN 55

TABLE 6-2- HEATH CARE FACILITIES IN THE LOHARDAGA TOWN SOURCE: PCA, 2011-LOHARDAGA. 55

TABLE 6.3 REQUIREMENTS-HEALTH FACILITIES BY YEAR 2040, KHUNTI 55

TABLE 6-4- STATUS OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN LOHARDAGA (RURAL/URBAN). 56

TABLE 6-5- SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN THE STATE 58

TABLE 6-6- CATEGORY WISE NUMBER OF SCHOOLS IN LOHARDAGA 58

TABLE 6-7- CATEGORY WISE NUMBER OF SCHOOLS IN LOHARDAGA 58

TABLE 6.8- REQUIREMENTS-EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES BY YEAR 2040, LOHARDAGA 59

TABLE 6-9- WARD-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF BANK FACILITIES IN LOHARDAGA TOWN. 61

TABLE 6-10- BANKING FACILITIES, LOHARDAGA 61

TABLE 6-11- OTHER FACILITIES, LOHARDAGA 61

TABLE 6-12- REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNITY BUILDINGS 62

TABLE 7-4- LIST OF SLUM AREAS IN LOHARDAGA 65

TABLE 11-1- EXISTING LAND USE LOHARDAGA TOWN, 2016 (GROSS DEVELOPED AREA). 80

TABLE 11-2- EXISTING LAND USE LOHARDAGA TOWN, 2016 (NET DEVELOPED AREA). 80

TABLE 11-3- WARD-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS/LOCALITIES IN LOHARDAGA TOWN. 81

TABLE 12-1- SECTORAL CHALLENGES 130

TABLE 12-2- EXISTING LAND USE DISTRIBUTION IN TOWN-LOHARDAGA 2016 129

TABLE 13-1-PROPOSED LAND USE DISTRIBUTION OF LPA LOHARDAGA 2040 130

TABLE 13-2-LIST OF “RED” INDUSTRIES 129

TABLE 13-7-PROPOSED LAND USE LEGEND & ZONING INTERPRETATION FOR LPA 129

TABLE 14.1 LAND USE PERMITTED/PROHIBITED IN DIFFERENT USE ZONES. 133

TABLE 14.2: MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM ELECTRIC LINE 150

TABLE 14.3 LENGTH OF ROAD LIMITATION 151

TABLE 14.4 CATEGORY WISE SIZE OF PLOTS 153

TABLE 14.5 MINIMUM SETBACKS AND HEIGHT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS 154

TABLE 14.6 MINIMUM SIDE SETBACKS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS 155

TABLE 14.7 MINIMUM FRONT AND REAR SETBACK FOR COMMERCIAL/MERCANTILE BUILDINGS 155

TABLE 14.8 MINIMUM SIDE SETBACKS FOR COMMERCIAL/MERCANTILE BUILDINGS 156

TABLE 14.9 OPEN SPACES AROUND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 156

TABLE 14.10 MINIMUM SET-BACK FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDING 156

TABLE 14.11 ROAD WIDTH AND FAR TABLE FOR (OLD AREA). 159

TABLE 14.12 ROAD WIDTH AND FAR TABLE (NEW AREA) 161

TABLE 14.13 MINIMUM ROAD WIDTHS FOR SUB DIVISION IN RESIDENTIAL AREA 163

TABLE 14.14 MINIMUM ROAD WIDTHS FOR SUB DIVISION IN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL AREA 164


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TABLE 14.15 HEIGHT RESTRICTION WITH RESPECT TO APPROACH FUNNELS 167

TABLE 14.16 HEIGHT RESTRICTION WITH RESPECT TO TRANSITIONAL AREA 167

TABLE 14.17 PARKING SPACE FOR DIFFERENT CATEGORY OF OCCUPANCIES 169


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LIST OF FIGURES:

FIGURE 1-1-LOCATION OF LOHARDAGA TOWN ..................................................................................................... 2

FIGURE 1-2-REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY OF LOHARDAGA TOWN ............................................................................ 3

FIGURE 1-3-AVERAGE MONTHLY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE ..................................................... 5

FIGURE 2-1- ADOPTED METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 14

FIGURE 3-4- DECADAL TREND OF WORK-FORCE PARTICIPATION - LOHARDAGA NP (2001-2011)…………… 30

FIGURE 6-1- EXISTING LOCATION OF HEALTH FACILITIES AND EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ................................... 60


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LIST OF MAPS:

MAP 1:ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES AND PLANNING BOUNDARY 8

MAP 2: WARDWISE POPULATION DENSITY 22

MAP 3: WARDWISE SC-ST POPULATION 24

MAP 4: WARDWISE LITERACY RATE 26

MAP 5: WARDWISE WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION RATE 32

MAP 6: EXISTING CIRCULATION NETWORK 44

MAP 7: SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN LOHARDAGA TOWN 63

MAP 8: SLUM AREAS IN LOHARDAGA 66

MAP 9: URBAN SPRAWL- 2005 AND 2015 76

MAP 10:EXISTING LAND USE OF LOCAL PLANNING AREA 78

MAP 11: EXISTING LANDUSE AND LAND USE CONCENTRATION WITHIN MUNICIPAL LIMITS 79

MAP 12: PROPOSED LANDUSE- LOHARDAGA PLANNING AREA 129

MAP 13: PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL AREAS 129

MAP 14: PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL AREAS 129

MAP 15: MIXED LANDUSE AND COMMERCIAL 129

MAP 16: PROPOSED RECREATIONAL 129

MAP 17: PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL AREAS 129

MAP 18: PROPOSED INSTITUTIONAL AREAS 130


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1 Introduction

1.1 Historical Background

Lohardaga has a long history with references in Mundari literature and 'Aain-e-Akbari' as well.

The ruins of forts and temples of Korambe, Bhandra, and Khukhra-bhakso, are mute

testimony to its rich cultural past. Local historians state that Lohardaga was once a major

centre for smelting iron.

Lohardaga Nagar Parishad is one of the oldest Nagar Panchayat established in late1st

July, 1888 in undivided Bihar. After formation of Jharkhand, first Nagar Parishad election took

place in 2008.

Lohardaga district came into existence after Ranchi was split into three districts

namely Ranchi, Lohardaga and Gumla way back in 1983. The district is named after the town

of Lohardaga, the administrative headquarter of the district. Lohardaga is the only town in

the District Lohardaga that was given the position of a sub division in 1972 and a district in

1983. In Jain texts there is reference to Lord Mahavir's visit to Lore-a-Yadaga, which

means 'river of tears' in Mundari. 'Ain-e-akbari', the famous book on Akbar, also mentions a

place called 'Kismate Lohardaga'. The word Lohardaga may be made of two hindi words, Lohar

meaning 'ironmonger', and Daga meaning ‘center', which makes the literal meaning of

Lohardaga as 'center of iron mining'.

Around 1765, the British entered this area. In 1833 when “South west frontier agency” was

established, the chief agent of the governor general was resident in Lohardaga. In 1842 the

Principal assistant to the “Agent” was relocated from Lohardaga to Ranchi (then known as

Kishunpur). In 1843 the Deputy Commissioner was placed & courts were established at Ranchi

but the commissioner continued to work from Lohardaga until 1899 despite the fact that in

1854 the south west frontier agency was abolished. Government notified Lohardaga as a Sub-

Division in 1972 & District on 17th May 1983.

1.2 Location & Regional Setting

Lohardaga district is located in the south western part of Jharkhand State between 23030″to

23040″ North latitude and between 84040” to 84050” East longitude covering an area of


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190.82 sq. km. in the tribal belt of Chotanagpur plateau. It has average elevation of 647

meters (2122 feet).

Lohardaga town lies on Kudu-Gumla Road, about 77 km away from Ranchi. The town is

bounded by Latehar district in the North-West, Gumla in the North-East and finally Ranchi in

the South-East. It connects with the Ranchi district on the East, Gumla district on the South &

Latehar District on the West. Lohardaga is the only census town in the district and is also the

district headquarters.

Figure 1-1-Location of Lohardaga town

1.3 Linkages & Connectivity

Lohardaga is situated in the middle of Lohardaga district. Ranchi-Rourkela road bisects it

across north-south axis. The Lohardaga town has a geographical area of 2679 hectares. The

town is situated at a distance of 75 kms. from Ranchi, the capital city and is connected by

State Highway which passes through the centre of the town. Thus the town has a linear

development across this highway. Also it is well connected through railway line from Ranchi,

which is to be extended through the city in future towards North-west till Tori which will make

the area more accessible with Northern India. The entire project of Ranchi-Lohardaga gauge

conversion with extension of the new line up to Tori stretching a good 113 km and costing

around Rs.200 crores is being implemented. This will bring Lohardaga Town on a fast track


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development as it will be on the map of New Delhi – Ranchi rail route, on the same hand,

lessening the travel time by about 4 hrs.

Lohardaga is bordered by Latehar district on the north, the Ranchi district on the east,

the Gumla district on the south and Jashpur district of Chattisgarh on the west.

Figure 1-2-Regional connectivity of Lohardaga town

1.3.1 Road Connectivity

Lohardaga is connected to the state capital, Ranchi, by road and rail. Major roads connecting

Lohardaga are Kudu-Gumla road & Bhandra-Lohardaga Road.

1.3.2 Air Connectivity

The nearest airport is at the state capital Ranchi, 70 km away from the Lohardaga District.

1.3.3 Railway Connectivity

Lohardaga Station is the Railway station serving the city of Lohardaga. The 68 km railway track

was converted from metre gauge to broad gauge in 2005. The track is planned to be extended

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohardaga_Station


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44 km more to connect with Tori railway station in Chandwa district. This would reduce the

railway distance between Ranchi and Delhi and the railway travel time by three hours.

Table1.1: Distance of Lohardaga town from the surrounding urban centers:

Sr. No. Urban Centres Distance (KM)

1. Latehar 94.4

2. Gumla 54

3. Ranchi 77

1.4 Topography

The district is divided into two major physical division’s viz. the hilly tract and the plateau

region. The hilly tract is extended in the west and north western part of the district, which

includes part of Kisko, Senha and Kuru development blocks. The high hill tops of the region is

known as pat. The plateau region is the part of the Gumla plateau comprised with entire part

of Lohardaga and Bhandra and some part of Senha, Kisko and Kuru development blocks. This

region has a number of small hillocks. The general slope of the district is from west to east.

Geologically the area is comprised with Archean granites and gneisses. In the uplands

considerable thickness of laterite of Pleistocene age is found in the Granite and Gneisses

tracts. Alluvium of recent to sub-recent age is found in the river valley. The most important

mineral of the district is bauxite. Other minerals found in the district are feldspar, fire clay and

china clay and have less economic importance. The main rivers of the districts are South Koel,

Sankh, Nandini, Chaupat and Fulijhar etc. These are mainly rain fed Rivers and dries up in the

summer months. Some springs are also seen in the hilly tracks.

1.5 Climate

The general elevation of 647 m above sea level gives it a uniformly lower range of

temperature than the plains. It is only during the month of April or May that the temperature

rises occasionally from 36° C to 23° C. However, in spite of the high day temperature, the

nights are cool and the atmosphere is so dry that the heat is by no means as oppressive as

that in plains. About 5 to 6 thunder storms occur in each of these months and cause refreshing

fall in the temperature. The rains break usually before the end of second week of June.. The

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandwa


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rainy season usually ends by the last week of September. The cold weather may be said to

begin in the first week of November. In December and January, the temperature on the grass

sometimes falls to the freezing point. At the end of February, the day temperature rises

considerably and continues to rise till it reaches its maximum in April or May. The year may

be divided into three main seasons. The cold season is from November to February and is

followed by the summer season from March to May. The period June to September is the

south-west monsoon season and October is a transitional month between monsoon and

winter conditions.

1.5.1 Temperature

The temperatures begin to drop rapidly from November. December is the coldest month with

the mean daily maximum temperature at 23°C and the mean daily minimum at 10° C. The

temperature in January and February are slightly higher than in December. After February,

the temperature rises steadily till May which is the hottest month. The mean daily maximum

temperature in May is 36°C. In April, May and early part of June the maximum temperature

may be well above 40°C on some days. The highest maximum temperature recorded at

Lohardaga was 45°C on May 22, 1948 and the lowest minimum temperature was 2.8°C on

February 11, 1950.

Figure 1-3-Average monthly Maximum and Minimum Temperature


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Table 1-1-Average Temperature (°C) over last 17 years in Lohardaga

1.5.2 Humidity

The relative humidity is generally high in the monsoon season. In the rest of the year, the air

is generally dry. The summer months are the driest with relative humidity, especially in the

afternoons of the order of 50 percent.

1.5.3 Rainfall

Lohardaga receives rainfall almost throughout the year, though the concentration is during

the monsoon months, from June to September. The average annual rainfall in the region as

whole is 1000 to 1600 mm. During the monsoon months, June to September, the region

receives about 85 % of the annual rainfall. July and August are the rainiest months. The

highest rainfall of 480.4 mm recorded in the region during the month of July in 2008.


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Table 1-2-Average Rainfall (in mm) over last 17 years in Lohardaga

1.6 Availability of Minerals

Geologically the area in comprised with Archean Granites and Gneisses. In the uplands

considerable thickness of late-rite of Pleistocene age is found in the Granite and Gneisses

tracts. Alluvium of recent to sub-recent age is found in the river valleys. The most important

mineral of the district is bauxite. Other minerals which are found in the district are feldspar,

fire clay and china clay and have less economic importance.


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Map 1:Administrative Boundaries and Planning Boundary


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2 Need Scope & Objectives Of Master Plans

2.1 Need of master plan

There has been a serious understanding of the issues and problems cropping out of the

unplanned growth of 14 towns of Jharkhand (Cluster –C). The towns are mostly beset with a

number of planning and development challenges that warrant immediate attention in the

interest of planned development and public good. Among these issues, mention can be made

of amorphous and haphazard growth, dilapidated urban infrastructure, disposition of

incompatible land use, poor economic and industrial base, degradation of environment,

traffic chaos etc. Government of Jharkhand (GoJ) in association with the Urban Development

Department (UDD), Jharkhand has taken the initiative to prepare the Master Plans of small

and medium sized towns across 14 towns of Jharkhand (Cluster –C). The principal aim of the

project is to formulate strategies and prepare draft master plans for planned development of

towns.

M/s NF Infratech Service Pvt. Ltd. has been appointed as Consultant in assisting the UDDJ for

the preparation of the draft Master Plan of Lohardaga town.

2.2 Aim

The aim of the preparation of Master Plan is to provide sustainable vision document, land use

map and road map for balanced growth of town by regulating present and future spatial

development envisaged for the horizon year, 2040.

Thus the objectives of the project are to:

Provide vision document and equitable growth plan of the towns for the horizon year

2040.

Make proposals for fixing the use of land for purposes such as residential, industrial,

commercial, agricultural, recreational and other uses. Proposal for the fixation of land

for public purposes such as schools, colleges and other educational institutions,

markets, social welfare and cultural institutions, theaters and places of public

entertainment or public assembly, museums, art galleries, religious buildings and other

amenities.


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Provide broad mapping of demographic, socio-economic characteristics, physical and

social infrastructure facilities and amenities, environmental aspects.

Provide physical and social infrastructure for rapid economic growth and social welfare

of the community in general.

Provide sustainable expansion of urban infrastructure facilities viz., water supply,

sewerage and drainage, solid waste management, transport, health care, education etc.

Assess the urban poor in income generation activities, improving the quality of their

physical environment and enhancing their access to basic services like safe drinking

water and sanitation, primary health care and education.

Provide guidance for intelligent and economic spending of the public funds as per the

scheduled program for general welfare of the community.

Support economic reform, industrialization, productivity growth, expansion of financial

and other services and promoting economic activity in both formal and informal sectors.

Prepare Land Use Plan for providing land for physical and social infrastructure and for

housing of various income groups, economic growth and social welfare etc. thus

creating, enabling legal, planning, financing and regulatory framework for the same.

Facilitate Public Private Partnership in urban infrastructure projects.

Convey the investment plan (preliminary line estimates) to be implemented phase wise

in between 2015-25, 2025-35, 2035-40 to consistent with the objectives.

Make proposal on preservation, conservation and development of areas of natural

scenery and landscape. Proposal for designation of areas for open spaces, play-grounds,

stadium, zoological gardens, green belts, nature reserve, sanctuaries and dairies.

Elucidate urban environment and ensuring harmonious development of rural and urban

area as well with regard to conservation of natural resources.

Provide scientific suggestion, measurement and improvement the aberration in the

existing city.

Make proposals for flood control and prevention of river pollution.

Make proposals the filling up or reclamation of low line, swampy or unhealthy areas or

leveling up of lands.

Make proposals for planning standards and zoning regulations for different zones.


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FOCUS OF THE PROJECT

The main focus of the project are to:

Critically review the existing development of a town

Review the existing Master Plan of the town (If any) and suggest alterations within the

extended limits.

Identify economic growth strategies for the town

Translate them into economic development and population forecast

Develop and evaluate alternative growth models allocating growths to old and new

areas with due regards to environmental and natural sustainability.

Identify measures to limit growth and their efficiency, if the magnitude of growth is

found unsustainable

Prepare a proposed land use map along with development implementation system

including land policy.

2.3 Scope of Work

The scope of work includes the following activities:

Broad mapping of demographic and socio-economic characteristics, physical and social

infrastructure facilities and amenities to prepare base map of the towns

Base map creation in GIS Tool using latest satellite imageries from NRSC/ ISRO

Assessment of socio-economic data collected from Census and other Government

documents

Preparation of a road map to provide for the existing and potential growth and

emerging development pressure for regulating present and future growth patterns in a

planned manner in and around city

Preparation of locational plan

Preparation of Housing plan

Assessment of slums and development of curative and preventive strategies

Assessment of physical infrastructure, social infrastructure and transport connectivity

Preparation of Transportation map

Preparation of existing and proposed land use maps

Drafting the Land Use Zoning and Development Control Regulation

Providing Land Assembly options for future requirement


12

Providing baseline and framework for Zonal Development Plans

Planning Strategies on Heritage and Conservation zones

Preparation of Tourism Map and Environment/ Ecological Map

Redevelopment and improvement schemes for the existing built-up areas, planning

standards and zoning regulations for different zones

Preparation of Participatory and Consultative Plan

Preparation of Capital Investment Plan and development of Resource Mobilization

Strategies

Draft Master Plan and Land Use Plan

Final Master plan and Land Use Plan


13

2.4 Steps Involved

• Assessment of land requirements for preparation of tentative urban area map

• Preparation of Draft Urban Area Notification Document

1. Preparation of Inception Report & Urban Area Notification Document

• Urbanizable area, existing settlements and infrastructure, landmarks, etc.

• Incorporation of improvement plans/ maps prepared by local ULB

2. Preparation of Base maps

• Preparation of Land Use map as per standard practise of local Town Planning department

• Ground validating to ascertain proper land use

3. Preparation of existing Land Use maps

• Regional setting, Demographic data, History, existing settlements and infrastructure, industries, commercial areas, environmental conditions, impact analysis of surrounding areas.

4. Data gathering & compilation

• Population, Economic base, Housing, Transportation, Facilities, Infrastructure, land requirements

5. Forecasting

• Fringe area development, upgradation of high density unauthorized settlements

• Infrastructure availability, Transportation requirements, Decentralization of activities

• Rationalized dispersal of public amenities

6. Assessment of existing conditions & future needs

• Concept of hierarchy of planning units and spatial distribution of various activity nodes, facility centresand network of roads

• Commercial & Industrial activity nodes

7. Development proposals

• Prioritizing and phasing of Master Plan with costs

• Framing of development control regulations and incentives

• Measures for institutional strengthening

8. Preparation of Draft Master Plan

• Based on comments and suggestions from local ULBs and major stakeholders

9. Preparation of Final Master Plan


14

2.5 Adopted Methodology

Preparation of Master Plan

Draft Master Plan

Final Master Plan

Figure 2-1- Adopted Methodology


15

The activities to be taken up are as follows:

PREPARATION OF INCEPTION REPORT AND URBAN AREA (LOCAL AREA)

NOTIFICATION DOCUMENT

The consultant shall prepare an Inception Report/ detailed proposals for each activity

separately:

Study Maps

Study Maps showing town and its vicinity area at a scale 1:10,000

Collection and superimposition of Revenue Maps

Revenue village boundaries at the sub-regional and local levels

Maps showing potential and anticipated growth trends and constraints of the

town

Preparation of Regional setting Map at a scale 1:25,000 using GT Sheets or

Satellite Imageries and other mapping techniques to identify the tourist town

or destination in its regional, sub-regional, and local levels.

BASELINE ANALYSIS

A justification note based on baseline situation analysis for identification and

delimitation of regional, sub-regional, and local limits of the tourist town or

destination under the Urban Local Body for the horizon year shall be carried out to

assess land requirements. The study would be based on following parameters:

Land use suitability analysis based on existing physical thresholds, topography,

land productivity, identification of seismic zones and identification of

ecologically sensitive areas

Assessment of water supply thresholds

Assessment of areas of influence based on flow of goods and services to and

from the town

Assessment of areas of influence of tourism/ pilgrimage based on flow of

tourists/ pilgrims

Existing demographic profile of the tourist town in its sub-regional and local

level and the entire area under the development authority

Existing tourist/ pilgrim flows and projections for the horizon year


16

Population projections for the horizon year at the sub-regional and local levels

Assessment of land requirements for different uses as prescribed in the UDPFI

Guidelines applicable for hill towns.

DRAFT OF THE URBAN AREA (LOCAL AREA) NOTIFICATION DOCUMENT

Proposed Master Plan limits including both functional and formal land uses.

List of Revenue villages to be included in the Notification Document duly

authenticated by the concerned Revenue Organization

Draft Map at a scale 1:10,000

BASE MAP PREPARATION

For the preparation of Base Map, entire Planning Area or Local Area to be

considered

Base map of entire tourist circuit including the town of the respective

Development Authority, containing physical and cultural features, pilgrim/

tourist spots, roads, and existing settlements, etc., at a scale 1:5,000

PREPARATION OF EXISTING LAND USE MAP

Preparation of existing land use map depicting categories of land use and

symbols and colours as per standard guidelines;

Preparation of separate layers for Revenue Maps and Land use suitability

analysis

COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA

Data regarding physical and socio-economic aspects of the study area

(Planning Area) from primary and secondary sources.

Potential for eco-friendly tourism in the entire tourist circuit

Identification of areas of influence of tourism/ pilgrimage based on flow of

tourist/ pilgrim

Social, cultural and other religious facilities, recreational facilities including

parks, gardens, multipurpose open spaces etc. and other community facilities

Industrial Base of the town-existing and potential and potential for eco-

friendly industrial units, etc.

Commercial activities including both retail and wholesale, business,

warehousing and godowns, mandis, rural markets, street vending activities:


17

identification and number of street vendors, their problems and measures for

their rehabilitation, etc.

Services and facilities (Education, health, power, telecommunication, etc.)

Traffic and Transportation, Roads, parking, and related problems, etc.

Water supply requirements/ thresholds

Solid waste and other waste generation and disposal, etc.

Sewerage, drainage and sanitation systems

Energy demands and the possibilities of employing renewable energy

Agriculture and allied activities

Any other aspect relevant for the study of master plan

Assessment of demographic (includes sex desegregation demographic data)

and socio-economic factors

PROJECTIONS AND POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS

Projections regarding population, tourist/ pilgrims flow, work force

participation rate, and industrial workers

SWOT analysis

PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN PROPOSALS

Draft proposals regarding each aspect of town development like pilgrim

infrastructure, residential, commercial, industrial, heritage conservation,

housing, tourism, environmental and other socio-cultural infrastructure

Preparation of a comprehensive Transportation network Plan for the Horizon

period taking into account all aspects of traffic and transportation

Proposals regarding alleviation of urban poverty, rehabilitation of street

vendors, infrastructure development, community facilities, etc.

Implementation strategy, phasing of development and institutional framework

PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN REPORT

Draft/ revised master plan consisting of a detailed report supported by existing

land use map, Proposed land use Map, Draft Urban Area Map

DEVELOPING APPROACH & PHILOSOPHY FOR THE MASTER PLAN

Preparation of approach to Planning / Designing / Conservation / Management

aspects related to Master Plan


18

Identification of key factors/ issues affecting plan implementation

PREPARATION OF DRAFT MASTER PLAN FOR THE STUDY AREA

Preparation of Master Plan

Organizing a workshop for due consultation and participation of key

stakeholders, and recording their inputs

FINALIZATION OF DRAFT MASTER PLAN

Incorporation of changes suggested by key stakeholders and modifications

pointed out by the ULB and State Government Authorities.

COMPLETION & SUBMISSION OF FINAL MASTER PLAN DOCUMENT FOR EACH

STUDY AREA


19

3 Population & Employment

3.1 Population Growth

The population of Lohardaga town was 31761 in 1991, which crossed the fifty-thousand limit

in 2011. The population of Lohardaga Municipal Council Area in 2011 was 57411. The

following table provides the growth of population in Lohardaga and its constituent areas.

Refer to Table No. 3.1.

Years

Jharkhand LNP Villages Planning Area

Population Decadal Growth

Rate Population

Decadal Growth rate (%)

Population Decadal Growth

rate Population

Decadal Growth

Rate

1991 21844000 24.03% 31761 36.07 21543 - 53304 -

2001 26445829 23.36% 46196 45.45 25127 16.6365 71323 33.80

2011 32966238 22.34% 57411 24.28 32377 28.8534 89788 25.88

Table 3-1- Comparative urban population analysis Source: Census of India, 2001-2011

Existing Villages and Municipal Area

There are thirteen villages inside LPA Lohardaga consisting 30633 population with 5937

households. The demographic details of the villages are shown in the table below.

Sr. no. Village Area

Population (2011) Population Density

(in Ha.) Persons per Ha

1 Bamandiha 299 1549 5

2 Kaimo 382 1843 5

3 Manho 419 2167 5

4 Harmu 297 2588 9

5 Juriya 608 3948 6

6 Nigni 416 5398 13

7 Badla 652 4096 6

8 Torar 261 1577 6

9 Ekaguri 534 2078 4

10 Serenghatu 254 982 4

11 Bhakso Harratoli 606 2033 3

12 Burgaon 122 352 3

13 Waina 229 1703 7

14 Kutmu 117 2063 18

Total 5197 32377 6 Table 3-2- Villages in Lohardaga LPA Source: Census of India, 2001-2011


20

Entity No. HH Total Pop.

Total Male Total Female

Pop.0-6 Age Male 0-6 Age Female 0-6 Age

Ward No 1 591 3185 1619 1566 548 273 275 Ward No 2 483 2767 1432 1335 530 274 256 Ward No 3 448 2539 1289 1250 388 177 211 Ward No 4 464 2311 1196 1115 317 161 156 Ward No 5 558 2687 1395 1292 300 158 142 Ward No 6 757 3843 1953 1890 554 287 267 Ward No 7 512 2584 1485 1099 317 178 139 Ward No 8 396 1900 986 914 239 130 109 Ward No 9 351 1799 952 847 240 129 111 Ward No 10 240 1280 654 626 140 66 74 Ward No 11 369 1977 1001 976 288 148 140 Ward No 12 396 2163 1142 1021 289 148 141 Ward No 13 404 2104 1099 1005 313 159 154 Ward No 14 648 3240 1525 1715 464 237 227 Ward No 15 536 2986 1372 1614 312 159 153 Ward No 16 363 1827 959 868 164 93 71 Ward No 17 369 2036 1016 1020 264 130 134 Ward No 18 464 2417 1258 1159 329 166 163 Ward No 19 578 2929 1512 1417 401 218 183 Ward No 20 501 2387 1231 1156 316 171 145 Ward No 21 688 3427 1741 1686 461 244 217 Ward No 22 986 5023 2557 2466 684 374 310

Table 3-3- Ward-wise Demographic Characteristics Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga

Study of comparative analysis of urban population shows that Lohardaga city has recorded

12.43 % (57411 persons) of urban population in year 2011 which is comparatively low from

both to the Jharkhand state & India which is 24.05% & 31.15% respectively.

Sr. No. Entity Ward Area (in ha.) Total Pop. Density (in pph)

1 Ward No 1 101.33 3185 31.4 2 Ward No 2 9.93 2767 278.7 3 Ward No 3 15.04 2539 168.8 4 Ward No 4 162.54 2311 14.2 5 Ward No 5 436.34 2687 6.2 6 Ward No 6 205.09 3843 18.7 7 Ward No 7 64.89 2584 39.8 8 Ward No 8 46.97 1900 40.5 9 Ward No 9 18.13 1799 99.2 10 Ward No 10 17.54 1280 73.0 11 Ward No 11 49.59 1977 39.9 12 Ward No 12 59.14 2163 36.6 13 Ward No 13 16.46 2104 127.8


21

Sr. No. Entity Ward Area (in ha.) Total Pop. Density (in pph)

14 Ward No 14 77.8 3240 41.6 15 Ward No 15 191.45 2986 15.6 16 Ward No 16 22.81 1827 80.1 17 Ward No 17 6.89 2036 295.5 18 Ward No 18 11.28 2417 214.3 19 Ward No 19 57.43 2929 51.0 20 Ward No 20 51.25 2387 46.6 21 Ward No 21 336.87 3427 10.2 22 Ward No 22 327.79 5023 15.3

Table 3-4-Ward-wise population Density Source: Census of India, 2001-2011

It has been observed that ward no. 2, 17 & 18 are having the highest population density in

within town areas i.e. above 300 pph & ward no. 3 & 13 are having population density of 201

pph to 300 pph. Other than that all wards are having below 100 pph population density.


22

Map 2: Wardwise Population Density


23

3.2 SC/ST Population

Sr. No.

Entity Pop SC Male SC Female SC Pop ST Male ST Female ST

1 Ward No 1 155 82 73 126 55 71 2 Ward No 2 27 14 13 187 91 96 3 Ward No 3 0 0 0 2 0 2 4 Ward No 4 15 8 7 92 42 50 5 Ward No 5 44 19 25 707 356 351 6 Ward No 6 102 53 49 2413 1192 1221 7 Ward No 7 122 65 57 1448 816 632 8 Ward No 8 49 24 25 360 173 187 9 Ward No 9 31 17 14 196 91 105

10 Ward No 10 44 25 19 152 71 81 11 Ward No 11 0 0 0 11 4 7 12 Ward No 12 248 126 122 104 74 30 13 Ward No 13 25 14 11 204 101 103 14 Ward No 14 39 17 22 1656 731 925 15 Ward No 15 392 194 198 579 114 465 16 Ward No 16 0 0 0 32 14 18 17 Ward No 17 5 3 2 151 69 82 18 Ward No 18 4 2 2 429 218 211 19 Ward No 19 21 13 8 337 156 181 20 Ward No 20 239 125 114 822 406 416 21 Ward No 21 75 33 42 1559 781 778 22 Ward No 22 658 348 310 2695 1333 1362

Table 3-5- SC/ST Ward-wise Demographic Characteristics Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga


24

Map 3: Wardwise SC-ST Population


25

3.3 Literacy Rate

Lohardaga has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%.

Male contributes 55% of the total literate population while female 45%. Among the total

population, male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 66%.

Sr. No.

Entity Pop Literate

Male Literate

Female Literate

Pop. Illiterate

Male Illiterate

Female Illiterate

1 Ward No 1 2066 1126 940 1119 493 626 2 Ward No 2 1377 739 638 1390 693 697 3 Ward No 3 1724 916 808 815 373 442 4 Ward No 4 1777 968 809 534 228 306 5 Ward No 5 2155 1155 1000 532 240 292 6 Ward No 6 2842 1531 1311 1001 422 579 7 Ward No 7 1939 1180 759 645 305 340 8 Ward No 8 1524 820 704 376 166 210 9 Ward No 9 1441 794 647 358 158 200

10 Ward No 10 998 541 457 282 113 169 11 Ward No 11 1455 767 688 522 234 288 12 Ward No 12 1573 882 691 590 260 330 13 Ward No 13 1611 871 740 493 228 265 14 Ward No 14 2461 1196 1265 779 329 450 15 Ward No 15 2381 1109 1272 605 263 342 16 Ward No 16 1559 831 728 268 128 140 17 Ward No 17 1560 832 728 476 184 292 18 Ward No 18 1753 971 782 664 287 377 19 Ward No 19 2307 1247 1060 622 265 357 20 Ward No 20 1683 948 735 704 283 421 21 Ward No 21 2442 1324 1118 985 417 568 22 Ward No 22 3675 1967 1708 1348 590 758

Table 3-6- Literacy Level Ward-wise Demographic Characteristics Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga


26

Map 4: Wardwise Literacy Rate


27

3.4 Population Estimates

Based on the past population growth trends i.e. low, medium and high – population estimates

for Lohardaga Urban Area and Rural Villages in Lohardaga Planning Area (LPA) for the period

2016 to 2040 have been separately worked out. It is estimated that the population of LPA

(combination of urban and rural population) may vary from low of 79thousand to a high of

9.9 lakhs in 2040 to a high projection of 2.06 lakhs for LPA for the perspective year 2040 is

adopted and the same is used for the planned development of Lohardaga Planning Area. Five

yearly estimates of the population are given.

URBAN POPULATION ESTIMATE

YEAR 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION 61832 66253 70673 75094 79515 83936

INCREMENTAL PROGRESSION 62746 68081 73416 78751 84086 89421

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION 67977 80487 95300 112839 133606 158195

AVERAGE 64185 71607 79796 88895 99069 110517 Source: Calculated Values

RURAL POPULATION ESTIMATE

YEAR 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION 37794 43211 48628 54045 59462 64879

INCREMENTAL PROGRESSION 36043 39709 43375 47041 50707 54373

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION 39727 48745 59810 73386 90045 110485

AVERAGE 37855 43888 50604 58157 66738 76579 Source: Calculated Values

Years Population in LNP Area

Population In Villages

Population in LPA

floating population @ 10% of total population

Total Population

2011 57411 32377 89788 8979 98767 2016 64185 37855 102040 10204 112243 2021 71607 43888 115495 11550 127045 2026 79796 50604 130401 13040 143441 2031 88895 58157 147052 14705 161757 2036 99069 66738 165807 16581 182388 2041 110517 76579 187096 18710 205806

Table 3-7- Population Estimates in RPA – 2040 Source: Calculated Values


28

3.5 Floating Population

It is observed from the survey that besides the normal population housed in the city, there is

a frequent movement of floating population of about 10 %, which comes to Lohardaga

Planning Area for daytime activities. Therefore, the daytime population in Lohardaga in 2040

is estimated at high side i.e. 2.06 lakhs (approx.).

3.6 Age-sex composition

Study of Age-Sex composition of population shows that the Lohardaga city has 13.7 % of

population in 0-6 year’s age group in comparison of 15% figure of year 2001. There is a

reduction of 2.03 % in 0-6 year’s age-group population of the city since 2001. The proportion

of population in the working age group 15-64 and old age group 65+ is increasing. This is

indicative of the increase in the participation rate and need of health infrastructure and

recreational activities.

Area

Urban Population-Lohardaga

Total 0-6 Population

% to Urban

population Male % Female %

2001 46196 6930 15 3604 52 3326 48

2011 57411 7858 13.7 4080 51.9 3778 48.1

Table 3-8- Age Sex Composition – 2001, 2011 Source: Census of India, 2011

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041

PO

PU

LATI

ON

Population projection for LPA

ARTHEMATICPROGRESSIONINCREMENTALPROGRESSIONGEOMETRICPROGRESSION


29

Study of comparative analysis of urban population shows that Lohardaga city has recorded

12.43 % (57411 persons) of urban population in year 2011 which is comparatively low from

both to the Jharkhand state & India which is 24.05% & 31.15% respectively.

PARTICULARS TOTAL URBAN

POPULATION

% TO TOTAL POPULATION MALE FEMALE

India (Urban) 377,106,125 31.15 195,489,200 181,616,925

Jharkhand State 7933061 24.05 4153829 3779232

Lohardaga Town 57411 12.43 (District Population) 29374 28037

Table 3-9- Comparative Urban Population analysis- India, State and Town Source: Census of India, 2011

As far as the comparative analysis of household size of the town is considered, Lohardaga city

has recorded 5.2 (avg. household size) in year 2011 which is comparatively same to both the

Jharkhand state & Lohardaga District.

PARTICULARs HOUSEHOLDS AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE

India (Urban) 808,88,766 4.6

Jharkhand State 1495642 5.3

Lohardaga District 88638 5.2

Lohardaga Town 11102 5.2

Table 3-10- Comparative household size analysis- India, State and Town Source: Census of India, 2011

3.7 Economic Base and Work Areas

This chapter deals with the characteristics of people economy in the town. The basic

indicators are the occupational structure, population involved in primary, secondary and

tertiary sectors. The town has fair economy with the mix of rural and urban economy.

Lohardaga is endowed with rich deposits of several principal minerals and occupies unique

position in mineral production and mineral based industries. Mining and mineral based

industries have important economic, environmental and social impact in the region where it

is carried out and beyond. This is a vital source of income for the town.

According to census 2011, workforce participation rate (WPR) in town is 29.67% (2011)

constituting main and marginal workers. This town shows steady increase in WPR from 2001

to 2011.

The inhabitants of Lohardaga district mainly depend on agriculture, forest produce and

seasonal migration to different parts of the country. 80% of the population depends upon


30

agriculture. The main crop of this area is paddy. In the small irrigated area wheat is grown to

meet the annual food sufficiency. Also this district is linked with larger vegetable markets like

Jamshedpur, Rourkela and Calcutta. There is a cold storage in the district. But profitable

vegetable cultivation is being limited to road side non-tribal. Generally, villagers of the district

keep plough animals. Also they keep goats and poultry birds as buffer. Although there is a

dairy chilling plant in the district head quarter, dairy is practiced by very few people mainly

non-tribal.

Sr. No. WORKFORCE 2011 2001

1 TOWN POPULATION 57411 46196

2 MAIN WORKING POPULATION 13571 9680

3 MARGINAL WORKERS POPULATION 3464 1735

4 NON WORKING POPULATION 40367 34781 Table 3-11- Decadal trend of work-force Participation - Lohardaga NP (2001-2011). Source: PCA - 2001, 2011 &Village and Town Directory, Lohardaga district for population estimates

Figure 3-1- Decadal trend of work-force Participation - Lohardaga NP (2001-2011) Source: Census of India - 2001, 2011 .Village and Town Directory, Lohardaga district for population estimates

Entity TOT Working Pop. Total Working Male Total Working Female

Ward No 1 943 792 151

Ward No 2 780 685 95

Ward No 3 667 587 80

Ward No 4 641 540 101

Ward No 5 738 613 125

Ward No 6 1109 778 331

Ward No 7 815 596 219

Ward No 8 572 451 121

Ward No 9 586 475 111

TOWN POPULATIONMAIN WORKING

POPULATIONMARGINAL WORKERS

POPULATIONNON WORKING

POPULATION

2011 57411 13571 3464 40367

2001 46196 9680 1735 34781

57411

13571

3464

4036746196

9680

1735

34781

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

No

. of

Pe

op

le


31

Entity TOT Working Pop. Total Working Male Total Working Female

Ward No 10 397 328 69

Ward No 11 528 475 53

Ward No 12 598 498 100

Ward No 13 564 478 86

Ward No 14 842 610 232

Ward No 15 845 723 122

Ward No 16 582 484 98

Ward No 17 626 517 109

Ward No 18 838 667 171

Ward No 19 852 729 123

Ward No 20 756 559 197

Ward No 21 1191 806 385

Ward No 22 1565 995 570 Table 3-12- Ward-wise Status of Working Population Source: Census of India, 2011

Entity

Main working Pop

Main working Cultivators Pop

Main working Agricultural Labourers Pop

Main working Households Pop

Main working Others Pop

Ward No 1 859 13 0 4 842

Ward No 2 621 14 0 26 581

Ward No 3 474 1 0 36 437

Ward No 4 487 14 7 23 443

Ward No 5 631 12 3 6 610

Ward No 6 755 81 69 12 593

Ward No 7 682 33 2 11 636

Ward No 8 470 17 3 7 443

Ward No 9 562 10 7 42 503

Ward No 10 302 11 0 20 271

Ward No 11 476 0 1 14 461

Ward No 12 527 19 2 15 491

Ward No 13 531 9 4 25 493

Ward No 14 734 67 4 20 643

Ward No 15 650 34 13 49 554

Ward No 16 549 2 1 58 488

Ward No 17 586 5 4 77 500

Ward No 18 675 69 14 16 576

Ward No 19 722 27 4 2 689

Ward No 20 410 83 9 10 308

Ward No 21 751 88 106 4 553

Ward No 22 1117 81 13 21 1002 Table 3-13- Ward-wise status of Main Working Population in Lohardaga Town Source: Census of India, 2011.


32

Map 5: Wardwise Workforce Participation Rate


33

Jharkhand witnessed prolific mining of bauxite and rice mills. In the absence of effective

implementation of mining and reclamation policies, urban planning and industrial siding

policies by the concerned regulatory authorities has caused haphazard growth of industries.

3.8 Industries and Mining

People are engaged in small scale industries like making of stone chips, soaps, oil, candles,

aluminium goods, wooden furniture, earthen pots, bamboo baskets, weaving of cloths and

carpets, etc. Also there are some brick kilns but those are located outside the municipal

boundary. There is a total absence of large scale industries in the entire district. There is an

opportunity for utilization till optimum capacity as well as providing farmers with assured

forward linkage facility.

3.8.1 Hindalco (Aditya Birla group)

Bauxite is being extracted by Hindalco from the Bangru mines and transported through truck

and trolley to the Lohardaga factory, after which it is dispatched to Muri for pulverization.

This industry is said to be running since British times. China clay is also extracted from Bangru

Mines and processed here. As in the case of bauxite, the clay is sent to Muri for further

processing.

3.8.2 RIADA Industrial Area

The Ranchi Industrial Area Development Authority (RIADA) has developed an industrial area

of nearly 12 Ha in the town. It is located on the southern part of the town on RIADA road. The

area is planned mainly for small scale industries.

3.9 Mining

Presently, mining of major minerals is reported from almost all the districts of Jharkhand but

extensive mining is carried out in Lohardaga. The main mineral resources of this district are

laterite and bauxite. In addition to this china clay also found here.

Minerals Output in Tonnes % share Value in ‘000 Rs. % share

State Lohardaga

District

State Lohardaga

District

Bauxite 839892 395915 47% 173146 67852 39%

China Clay, etc. 321600 91909 28.5% 45438 23161 51%


34

Table 3-14- Output and Value of Minerals Produced in Lohardaga District vis-à-vis state Source: Statistics of Mines in India, Vol-II (Non-coal), 2000 DGMS, Dhanbad (2002)

In the North West of Lohardaga the mountain part spread like wall is a vast godown of bauxite.

In addition to the contractors, two main aluminum companies’ extract bauxite from this area.

Experts say that bauxite is spread in this area for 60-70 years. The district is rich in terms of

quantity as well as quality, in minerals. The district shares 47% of the total bauxite and 28.5%

of china clay production of the state. However, in monetary terms, the contribution of china

clay (51%) is higher than that of bauxite (39%) to the state economy. Notwithstanding the

profits, Mining and allied industries are also the main sources of air pollution. Mining is carried

out both by opencast and underground methods The complex environmental matrix, large

scale mining activity, huge mineral resource available and ever depleting environmental

quality along with flora and fauna, has attracted attention at both national as well as

international level. Dust is the major pollutant from these mines. This aspect needs special

attention in the town.

3.10 Household Industries

Small scale household industries is prevalent in the town and people are involved in

manufacturing of tin boxes, poultry farm, dairy, aluminium factory, daily utensils, moulding

of iron for grill, shutter, etc. Major work is related to bidi and tobacco. In the last few years

the work related to carpet making has lowered down but can still be seen in villages of Kisko

Block.


35


36

4 Traffic & Transportation

4.1 Introduction

Traffic and transportation plays an important role in the overall functioning of the city. It is an

integral part of urban planning and is responsible for the smooth functioning of the city. It is

also responsible, besides other factors, for the spatial growth of the city by increasing the

accessibility of sites on the periphery of the city. This chapter deals with the traffic and

transportation aspect of the town.

The present exercise on traffic and transportation attempts to establish rationale transport

system development policies and strategies for the study area based on extensive studies and

scientifically evolved methodology.

4.2 Traffic Characteristics

4.2.1 Road Network Characteristics

Lohardaga is connected to its surrounding areas through roads and railways. The accessibility

from the areas is mainly through road transport. Lohardaga is situated at a distance of 75 kms

from Ranchi. It is well connected by the State Highway (Ranchi- Rourkela road) which passes

through the centre of the town and bisects it across north-south axis.

It is well connected through railway line from Ranchi, which is being extended through the

city in future towards west till Gumla which will make the area more accessible from the

western side. Railways are the easiest means to travel from Ranchi to Lohardaga. Also it is

accessible from nearby areas like Palamu and Gumla via roadways. It is accessible from Kudu

through the State Highway. Many buses ply from Gumla and Ranchi to Lohardaga.

4.3 Public Transport

There are 204 buses (including mini and big buses) plying on the Lohardaga roads from other

districts and nearby areas per day. These buses carry approximately 6000 population which

indicates a high floating population in relation to the total population of the town. Non-

motorized vehicles like cycles and rickshaws are the major transportation mode of the town.


37

People use mostly IPT for commuting to nearby areas. Also there is high number of private

registered vehicles.

Infrastructure Particulars Description Capacity

Roads & Transportation

Municipal Road 38

State Level Road 9

Public Transport

No. of Buses 204/day

Bus Capacity/Passengers 6000/day

IPT (auto rickshaw, jeep) 120/day

Private Registered Vehicles

(i) Passengers

222

Private Registered Vehicles

(i) Goods

315

Non-Motorised (bi-cycle,

rickshaw, etc.)

1850

Table 4-1- Existing Situation of Transport

4.4 City Network

The total length of the roads inside the municipal area are nearly 47kms. There is no hierarchy

of roads inside the town and are not as per standards. The city has a linear network. The state

highway passes through the city and is the main spine of the city. The town growth and major

activities are on the either sides of the highway. The other major roads intersect the state

highway at several points which has increased the congestion o the state highway. The

situation is worsened due to the location of the bus stand at the State Highway intersection.

The inter-city bus stand receives traffic and regional buses from the surrounding areas and

has a considerably good volume of buses. However, the authorities have already sanctioned

a plan to shift the bus stand. Land acquisition of 10 acres was being done for the construction

for the bus stand at Kisko crossing, Kutmu village.

To decongest the traffic on the state highway there is proposal of constructing a Ring Road of

length 19.5 Km around the town. This will also include the renovation of the existing by-pass

road of 3 km. A new rail project Ranchi-Lohardaga gauge conversion with extension to Tori

(113 km) has also been sanctioned. This will provide direct access to Lohardaga from northern

India (eg. Delhi) reducing the travel time by nearly 4 hours.


38

4.5 Public Transport

There are 204 buses (including mini and big buses) plying on the Lohardaga roads from other

districts and nearby areas per day. These buses carry approximately 6000 population which

indicates a high floating population in relation to the total population of the town. Non-

motorized vehicles like cycles and rickshaws are the major transportation mode of the town.

People use mostly IPT for commuting to nearby areas. Also there is high number of private

registered vehicles.

4.6 Transport Surveys & Studies

A number of traffic surveys and studies have been carried out to appreciate the traffic and

travel characteristics, for identifying issues, constraints and potentials and to work out the

most appropriate transport system for the city.

4.6.1 Road Width

Width of city roads ranges from 12 ft. to 66 ft. The internal residential roads (10 ft. comprise

the maximum share (33%) of the entire road network. 19% of the roads is the state highway

(66 ft. road), while 29% of the roads constitute mainly 20 ft. and 30 ft. roads which cover the

major residential area. The composition of the road hierarchies is given in the table.

Sl. No. Road Width (in ft.) Road Width (in mt.) Length (in mt.) Percentage

1 66 ft 20.12 8915 19.01 %

2 60 ft 18.29 488 1.04 %

3 40 ft 12.19 3231 6.89 %

4 30 ft 9.14 7772 16.58 %

5 20 ft 6.10 6027 12.85 %

6 15 ft 4.57 3647 7.78 %

7 12 ft 3.66 1295 2.76 %

8 10 ft 3.05 15514 33.09 %

Total 46890 100 %

Table 4-2- Width-wise Length of Roads


39

4.6.2 Traffic volume

The hierarchy discussed above sees different mix of traffic. State highway carries mostly the

through traffic comprising of majorly inter-state buses and trucks. There is heavy movement

of trucks due to the presence of industries. These trucks and tractors carry mainly the

minerals from Bagru mines to other places for processing. The IPT traffic is used for

commuting to nearby places. There is mix of slow moving traffic in the town. People use

mostly 2 wheeler, rickshaw and cycles for the internal movement. The traffic volume is high

at some intersections of the town, namely Pawarganj Chowk and Barwatoli Chowk.

Traffic Volume at Barwatoli Chowk

Towards Rourkela

Traffic Volume @ Barwatoli Chowk - Lohardaga to Rourkela (12:30 PM to 01:30 PM)

Sr. No. Vehicle Type Nos. Passenger Car Equivalency factor

Volume (V)

1 Cycle 70 1.5 105

2 Cycle-Rickshaw 3 1.5 4.5

3 Auto Rickshaw 211 1 211

4 Two Wheelers (Scooter/Bike)

305 0.5 152.5

5 Car/Van/Pickup Vans 90 1 95

6 Bus/Mini Bus/Tractor/Truck 144 3 432

Total 1000

VC Ratio 0.32 Source: Primary Survey

Towards Mahavir Chowk



Volume (V)

1 Cycle 37 1.5 56

2 Cycle-Rickshaw 4 1.5 6



179 0.5 90


6 Bus/Mini Bus/Tractor/Truck - 3 -

Total 202



40

Towards Ranchi



Volume (V)

1 Cycle 115 1.5 173




265 0.5 133



Total 686


Towards Lohardaga PCU Limit: 3086


Sr. No. Vehicle Type Nos. Passenger Car

Equivalency factor

Volume (V)

1 Cycle 7 1.5 11



4 Two Wheelers

(Scooter/Bike)

18 0.5 9



Total 76

VC Ratio 0.02

Source: Primary Survey

Areas

Bu

s

Tru

ck

Trac

tor

Jee

p

Car

2-

Wh

ee

ler

Au

to

Ric

ksh

aw

Ric

ksh

aw

Cyc

le

Total

Palmer Ganj Chowk 110 360 80 75 175 435 35 260 535 2065

Mission Chowk 110 235 85 60 125 215 15 315 315 1335

Table 4-3- Traffic Volume at major intersections Source: Primary Survey


41

Traffic Volume at Pawarganj Chowk

Towards Rourkela

Traffic Volume @ Pawarganj Chowk - Lohardaga to Rourkela (03:00 PM to 04:00 PM)


Volume (V)

1 Cycle 32 1.5 48




271 0.5 136



Total 791


Towards Kuru



Volume (V)

1 Cycle 60 1.5 90




325 0.5 163



Total 850


Towards Upper bazar



Volume (V)

1 Cycle 53 1.5 80




510 0.5 255



Total 521



42

Towards Railway Station

ROW: 20 ft. PCU Limit: 3086



Volume (V)

1 Cycle 24 1.5 36

2 Cycle-Rickshaw - 1.5 -



5 0.5 3



Total 146


4.6.3 Congestion Areas

There are many congestion points in the town. These are basically due to high volume of

through traffic, loading and unloading on trucks, encroachments on roads, on street parking

and bad geometry of the intersections. Through traffic on the state highway has congested

the whole stretch in the inner city also the bad intersection design adds to woes of the traffic.

The major congestion points are Palmerganj Chowk which is a four arm intersection, Amla

Toli Chowk, Barwa Toli Chowk and Mission Chowk. The road intersections are not designed

and high encroachments on both sides of the road have reduced the right of way. On street

parking is practised in all the areas. People park their cars and two wheelers on road which

also creates congestion in the market area of the town. There is no dedicated parking space

and signified stands for auto rickshaw and cycle rickshaws.

Loading and unloading of the trucks in town have also increased the problem. Also some

temporary garages and stands have come on the land of industries department. There are

some traffic signals have been installed by the traffic police department but none is

functional.

4.6.4 Maintenance of Roads

The municipality and the P.W.D are the two institutions which are responsible for the

maintenance of the road. The most prevalent type is the black top road in the area. All the


43

major roads in the town are Black Top road while brick soling and kuccha roads are mainly in

slum areas.

Total Length

(In kms.)

Type of Road

Surfaced (in kms.) Unsurfaced (in kms.)

WBM BT & CC TOTAL Total Motorable & Non-

Motorable

53.50 1.5 40 41.50 12

Table 4-4- Length of Road under-Municipality/Municipal Council Source: Municipal Council, Lohardaga, As on 31st March, 2014 & 2015

4.7 Street Lighting Facilities

The electricity department along with municipality of the town is responsible for installation,

replacement, repairs, operation and maintenance of streetlights in the city. The components of street

lighting includes provision of street lights installed on existing poles & street lights installed with poles

and is as shown in the table.

S. No. Street Lights No. of Street lights Installed with different wattage power

45 watt. 90 watt. 120 watt.

1. Installed on existing Poles 150 100 -

2. Installed with Poles - - 600

Table 4-5- Street Lights under-Municipality/Municipal Council Source: Municipal Council, Lohardaga, March, 2015.

The town has total nearly 1000 poles of streetlights spaced at a varying distance. Despite this,

there is no 100% illumination of all the roads by streetlights. Slum areas lack the street lighting

facility. Recently there have been installation of 600, 150 & 100 units of 120 watt, 45 watt &

90 watt. resp. at major intersection of the town for the betterment of the facility.

KEY ISSUES

Through traffic moving through the city on State Highway

Slow moving traffic mainly rickshaws and cycles.

Encroachments and Roadside parking on roads reduce the ROW.

Poor geometry and Design of intersections is not according to standards

Absence of auto stands at major intersections

Non-signalized intersections ad no traffic management plan.

Absence of footpath for pedestrian movement

At city level the provision of street lights needs to be reviewed.


44

Map 6: Existing Circulation Network


45

5 Physical Infrastructure

Physical infrastructure facilities include water supply, solid waste management, and sewerage

and drainage system. Distribution of optimal level of services and facilities in relation to a

settlement’s population size is an important determinant in balanced regional development.

Thus an important objective of spatial planning is to identify and correct imbalances in the

availability of infrastructure services, if any, in the city. In this chapter we will discuss the

physical infrastructure facilities. All physical infrastructure facilities like water supply, solid

waste management sewerage and drainage system are studied and there current status is

also analysed.

5.1 Water Supply

5.1.1 Background

Lohardaga, Nagar Parishad is responsible for providing water facilities for the town. It is also

responsible for construction, operation and maintenance of water supply system in the town.

5.1.2 Water Sources

The major source of water is ground water while the rest is made available from water

pumped from the 2 rivers i.e Sankh River & Koel River. There is an infiltration well at river

Sankh, which is a water intake point. The water table is shallow and ground water is easily

available due to the proximity of River Sankh & River Koel. The number of water wells and

Hand pumps are shown in the table. The number of water wells indicated are municipal while

the figures corresponding to hand pumps are municipal as well as private.

Source No.

Potable Water Wells 59

Hand Pumps 413

Table 5-1- Drinking Water Sources Source: Nagar Parishad, Lohardaga


46

5.1.3 Water Treatment

There is 1 water treatment plant in the town and was initially developed with a capacity of

2.225 MLD 7 later on redeveloped with a capacity of 12 MLD. The chemicals used in water

treatment are Aluminium, Limeand Chlorine Gas & Bleaching.

5.1.4 Storage Tanks

There are three water storage overhead tanks present in the town (Table) out of which the

one inside the old municipal office is not functional. The tank at Barwatoli is used for urban

water supply while the one at PHED office is for rural water supply in surrounding areas. The

location and capacity of the overhead tanks is given in the Table. There is requirement of

repair and upgradation of the overhead tanks for meeting the water supply requirement for

future.

Sl. No. Location Storage

Type

Capacity

(in MLD)

Areas/ Wards Covered

1 Barwatoli RCC 0.445 Barwatoli, College Rd, Hatia garden,

Thana Toli, Bhatti Rd, Chhatar

Bagicha, Upper Bazar.

2 Old Municipality Premises RCC 0.445 Not functional

3 PHED, Lohardaga RCC 0.2225 For Supply in Urban Area

Table 5-2- Location & capacity of Overhead Tanks Source: Nagar Parishad, Lohardaga-2015

5.1.5 Distribution Network and System Maintenance

The length of the pipes of water distribution networks in the town area is 41.63km

(Delivery)out of which 27km is newly laid network& 7.3km (Rising)and line have four

hierarchies through which water is supplied in the town. The main lines are 250 mm, 200 mm,

150 mm & 100 mm dia pipes inlaid within the town for providing water connection at even

household levels. The number of water supply connections in the town is 2251 covering only

35-40% of the population. The duration of water supply is from 1.5-2.5 hours daily. Each day

4.5 lakh gallons of water is released for use in the urban area. The system maintenance is

done by Nagar Parishad, Lohardaga. Presently anUrban area water supply scheme has already

been running under which development of Water treatment plan and &laying of new water


47

supply lines and replacement of old pipes is being implemented. The work also includes the

construction of an overhead tank of 1 lakh gallon capacity.

Sl. No. Infrastructure Particulars Description Capacity

1 Water 1. Water Availability Installed capacity 12 MLD

Released capacity 4.50

2. Source of Water Supply

Within City Limits

10-50 sq. km. Infiltration Wells at

River Sankh & at

River Koel

50-100 sq. km. None

>100 km None

3. Supply Coverage Population Covered by

Water supply Facility (in

%)

35%

Per Capita Supply 64.18

Total Connections 2215

4. Supply Duration 250mm 1.5 hrs

200mm

150mm 2.5 hrs

100mm

2 Wastewater

Disposal

5. Generation Waste water generated

(daily)

60000 gallons

6. Disposal Capacity (underground

sewerage) MLD

NIL

7. Household coverage Connected NIL

Table 5-3- Brief Overview of Water Supply & Sewerage Source: Nagar Parishad, Lohardaga-2015

5.1.6 Norms for Water Supply

Per capita water supply for designing of various schemes as suggested in “Manual on Water

Supply and Treatment” of the Central Public Health Engineering Organisation, Government of

India is as follows:

70 lpcd for Towns provided with piped water supply but without sewerage system;


48

135 lpcd for Cities provided with piped water supply where sewerage system is

existing/contemplated;

150 lpcd for Metropolitan and Mega Cities provided with piped water supply where

sewerage system is existing/contemplated.

5.1.7 Projected Water Demand in different Planning Units

The water demand for each planning unit is based on projected population for the

year 2040. The calculation is based on the water demand norm of 155 lpcd for urban

area. The total domestic water demand in Lohardaga Planning Area as in 2040 is.

Years Population in SMC Area

Population In Villages

Population in LPA

floating population @ 10% of total population

Total Population

Norm as per

URDPFI

Water require

ment (in MLD)

2011 57411 32377 89788 8979 98767

155 lpcd (includin

g leakage and

O&M)

15 2016 64185 37855 102040 10204 112243 17 2021 71607 43888 115495 11550 127045 20 2026 79796 50604 130401 13040 143441 22 2031 88895 58157 147052 14705 161757 25 2036 99069 66738 165807 16581 182388 28 2041 110517 76579 187096 18710 205806 32

Table 5-4- Water Requirements Source: Calculated Values

5.2 Sewerage

Sewerage is the core element of physical infrastructure that determines the environmental

status of any settlement and as such requires minute planning, development and

management. Development of appropriate sewage carriage system with efficient treatment

is the key element, which acts as a pre-requisite for facilitating balanced and harmonized

development. There is no sewerage system present in the city. The common method used for

disposal of sewage is through soak pits. The waste water is being disposed in the rivers

through four nallahs running in the town. These collect waste water from all the areas and

outfalls into the river Sankh. Bara Talab nallah is one of the main drain which carries the waste

water. Other three are seasonal and are operational during rainy season. These are basically

storm water drains which flow the water to the river. Bara Talab nallah meets the river in the

downstream while the others in upstream.


49

Sl. No. Name of Drain/ Nallah Type of Sewer Point of Discharge

1 Bara Talab Nallah City Waste Water Sankh River

2 Bichla Pul Nallah Seasonal/Operational

during rainy season

Koel River

3 Pehla Pul Nallah Koel river

4 Kasha Nallah Sankh-Koel River

Table 5-5-Existing Drains & Sewers Source: Nagar Parishad, Lohardaga-2015

Years

Population in SMC Area

Population In

Villages Population in LPA

floating population @ 10% of total

population

Total Populat

ion Water

Requirement in MLD

Norms as per

URDPFI Sewage Generation in MLD

2011 57411 32377 89788 8979 98767 15 80% of total

water supply

12 2016 64185 37855 102040 10204 112243 17 14 2021 71607 43888 115495 11550 127045 20 16 2026 79796 50604 130401 13040 143441 22 18 2031 88895 58157 147052 14705 161757 25 20 2036 99069 66738 165807 16581 182388 28 23 2041 110517 76579 187096 18710 205806 32 26

Table 5-6- Projected Waste water requirement Source: Calculated Values

5.3 Storm Water Drainage

Drainage is an important element of physical infrastructure and constitutes removal and

disposal of surplus rain/ irrigation water from the land. It has two aspects namely flood-

protection and removal of storm water. As per census-2011There is a storm water drainage

system of 42kms of running length for draining the rainfall water from the city. It receives an

annual average rainfall of 1000 to 1200 mm; the distribution of rainfall is highly erratic with

annual number of rainy days ranging from 75 to 90 days.

Area Drainage Network Coverage by Households

Total No. of HH Closed Drainage Open Drainage No Drainage

Urban 11007 1293(11.75%) 4294 (39.01%) 5420(49.24%)

Rural 13452 165 (1.23%) 1641 (12.2%) 11646(86.57%)

Table 5-7- Status of Drainage network in Lohardaga Source: PCA-2011

Most of the open drains are unlined and contaminate the ground water. These drains carry

the grey water discharged from the settlements along their path and is also used as dumps

for solid waste. The nallahs of the city are prone to choking owing to unregulated solid waste

dumping by the citizens. This leads to stagnant water, unhygienic conditions and act as

breeding grounds for mosquitoes, thereby posing health hazards.


50

Annual Rainfall (in mm) Length of Storm Water Drains (km.)

1000-1200 42 Kms.

Table 5-8- Status of Existing Drainage Network & Annual rainfall Source: Nagar Parishad, Lohardaga-2015

There is a need for a dedicated storm water network for the city which would not only be

instrumental in avoiding water logging during monsoons but would also provide a scope for

water harvesting along these drains.

5.4 Solid Waste

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is one of the most expensive municipal services that a local

body has to provide as its obligatory municipal function and absorbs about 1% of GNP in the

urban areas. It is, therefore, imperative to optimize this huge civic expenditure and evolve an

indigenous low cost technology which is technically sound, financially viable, aesthetically

beautiful and socially acceptable to public. Waste management consists of different

components viz. generation, collection, transportation and disposal. All these responsibilities

are held by the municipal corporation of the town.

5.4.1 Generation

The total waste generated as per the municipal corporation is 32 tonnes per dayas per the

data provided by the NP, Lohardaga. This includes waste generated from household, markets,

commercial establishments, hotels, hospitals, vegetable and fruit markets, construction and

demolition and hospital wastes - non-infectious and infectious and small scale industries in

the town. The above figure has been derived based on the assumption that the local residents

of towns generate solid waste at the rate of about 250 grams per capita per day on an average

for small and medium towns.

Waste generated daily (tonnes/day) 32 tonnes/day

Collected daily (tonnes/day) 32 tonnes/day

Table 5-9- Solid Waste Generation in Lohardaga Town-2015 Source: Nagar Parishad, Lohardaga-2015

The residential and commercial waste contribute the maximum share of solid waste

generated as these are the two most prevalent sectors in the town. Estimated generation of

solid waste in the year 2021 will be nearly 39 tonnes/day and will be increase by 23% from

that at present. A detailed project report for disposal of solid waste in scientific and


51

environment friendly manner is being prepared by the consultants appointed by the UDD,

Jharkhand.

Sl. No. Category Generation

(tonnes/day)

Percentage (in

%)

1. Residential & Commercial Waste 19 60

2. Industrial Waste -

3. Road sweeping waste 5 16

4. Clinical waste

5. Nala Cleaning Waste 5 16

6. Construction & Others 3 8

Total 32 100

Table 5-10- Category wise Waste Generation, 2015 Source: Nagar Parishad, Lohardaga-2015

5.4.2 Collection and Transportation of Solid Waste

Primary collection of solid waste is done door to door by the sanitary workers. The town has

been recently provided by 45 employees for waste collection & there are 9 vehicles (tractors)

used for waste collection & its transportation for dumping purposes. The town has been

recently provided by 30 bins for waste collection. There is need for more municipal bins at

primary level in the town. The waste is collected once in a day. No segregation of waste is

done during the process. The availability and requirement of the equipments with the

corporation is given below.

5.4.3 Dumping

The waste is collected through handcarts from door to door and then transported by the

tractors to the dumping site of the waste. The loaded waste is transported to final disposal

sites by open dumper trucks. These trucks are not covered. As such the waste gets littered

while transportation. One landfill site was at the end of Khadgarha road which is

approximately 3.5 acres. There is yet to finalize the new landfill site for dumping solid-waste

by Nagar-parishad, Lohardaga. The concerned ULB’s still in process of finalizing landfill site

therefore there are some low lying areas at the side of the Bara Talab nallah and the solid

waste is dumped in non-environment friendly manner. For solid waste management of town


52

there are about 47 sanctioned posts & employees are working at all the levels. The break-up

of the staff available is shown in table below.

S. No. Designation No. of workers

Employed

1. Sanitary Worker

45

2. Sanitary Supervisor

3. Food & Health officer

4. Chief Health Supervisor

5. Zonal Sanitary officer

6. Driver

7. Cleaner

8. Health officer

Total 45

Table 5-11- Staff Employed for Solid Waste Management Source: Nagar Parishad, Lohardaga

5.4.4 Requirements- Solid waste generation

Table 5-12- Requirements- Solid waste generation Source: Calculated Values

KEY ISSUES

Sewerage

Absence of sewerage system in the city

Increasing population will add to the problem of sewage generation.

Drainage

Lack of lined drainage in the city leading to contamination of ground water

Years Population in

LPA

Floating Population @

10%

Total Population

Waste generated in

gms @300gms acc.

To URDPFI guidelines

Waste generated in

tonnes

2011 39030 3903 42933 12879900 13

2016 42503 4250 46753 14025934 14

2021 46241 4624 50865 15259445 15

2026 50270 5027 55297 16589062 17

2031 54620 5462 60082 18024545 18

2036 62021 6202 68223 20466877 20

2041 64422 6442 70864 21259174 21


53

Frequent clogging of drains due to dumping of waste in the drains leading to

unsanitary conditions

Solid waste

Lack of coverage

Poor collection system especially in the narrow lanes and slum areas

Unsanitary conditions in and around community bins.

Shortage of vehicles, equipment and committed supervisory staff.

Non environment friendly landfill site.

5.5 Power Supply

Major source of energy in Lohardaga town is Lohardaga Grid. There are 8335 metred

connections provided within in the town. There are also 1 Power Sub-station placed in

Patratoli area & 4 Tranformers of capacity 5 MVA installed for Lohardaga Town area in order

to cater the population of Lohardaga town as far as the Electricity connections are concerned.

Peak Load calculated by the Power dept., Lohardaga is of 180 Ampere. The calculated length

of High tension & low tension wire for electricity supplyis 42.72 km & 83.95 km resp. HT

connections are given at 7 places named as HINDALCO, PHED (3 units), Telephone Exchange,

Rani Rice Mill & Kamla Devi Rice Mill. There are also 5 other connections given by the power

supply dept., Lohardaga for the functioning of street lights within the city.

Sr. No. Electricity Connections

Domestic Industrial Commercial Road Lightening

1. 8760 80 771 10

Table 5-13- Existing status of Electricity Connections Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga.

As far as the electricity tariff is concerned Domestic connection bear 2.60 paisa/unit &

commercial connection bears 5.25 paisa/unit& for unmetered connections a fix bill is

prescribed i.e. of Rs.125/month.


54

6 Social Infrastructure

6.1 Introduction

Social infrastructure refers to the facilities and the process involved to ensure education,

health facilities and community development in any town. The social infrastructure includes

the education system, health care, social and cultural facilities, parks and open spaces, etc.

The different components of social infrastructure will help to know how well a town is

equipped with facilities. The provision of education, health, etc. defines the quality of life. As

the town expands and population increases, the gap between demand and supply of these

essential services widens, which deteriorates the quality of life in urban areas.

Social Infrastructure includes education, health, recreation, socio-cultural facilities, police,

fire, postal services, telecommunication and distributive services. Development of physical

infrastructure cannot lead in overall development at the desired level if the social

infrastructure is not simultaneously developed. The education, health, public entertainment

etc. have to be developed to ensure proper social infrastructure in the planning area.

Some renowned Health facilities of Lohardaga include:

Sadar Hospital (Govt.)

Dutika Nursing Home

Kiran Marandi Nursing Home

St. Ursula Hospital

Indira Gandhi Hospital

Sain Nursing home

Surya Clinic

Captain Clinic

6.2 Health

The Health Facilities in the Lohardaga Town are fair. The no. of health centre are 25. There is

also one veterinary hospital in the Lohardaga. The Non-Government Medicine Shops are 33

which show that the medical facility in the town is good. There is one multi-speciality Hospital

(Sadar Hospital) is present in the town catering the needs of the people.


55

Sr. No.

Hospital Allopathic (Numbers)

Hospital Allopathic Beds (Numbers)

Dispensary/Health Centre (Numbers)

Family Welfare Centre

Maternity Home

Nursing Home

Veterinary Hospital (Numbers)

1. 3 125 25 1 1 7 1

Table 6-1- Heath care Facilities in the Lohardaga town Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga.

Sr. No.

Family Welfare Centre

Maternity Home

Nursing Home

Veterinary Hospital (Numbers)

Non-Government Charitable-Hospital/Nursing Home (Numbers)

Non-Government Medicine Shop (Numbers)

1. 1 1 7 1 3 33

Table 6-2- Heath care Facilities in the Lohardaga town Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga.

Table 6.3 Requirements-Health Facilities by Year 2040, Lohardaga

Sl. No.

Category Population Served per

Unit

Area Requirement

Estimated Health

Facilities projected by

year 2040

Existing Health

Facilities, 2011

Requirement

1. Hospital Allopathic/Referral Hospital

1 lakh Total Area = 1.00 Ha a) Area for Hospital = 0.60 Ha b) Area for residential Accommodation = 0.40 Ha

2 3 -

2. Dispensary/Health Centre/Health Sub Centre

15000 0.08 to 0.12 Ha 14 32 -

3. Family Welfare Centre

50000 Total area = 500 sqm. to 800 sqm.

4 1 3

5. Maternity Home 45000 0.20 to 0.30 Ha 5 1 4

6. Nursing Home 45000 0.20 to 0.30 Ha 5 7 -

7. Veterinary Hospital 5 Lakh Total area = 2000 sqm

1 1 -

8. Non-Government Charitable-Hospital/Nursing Home

45000 0.20 to 0.30 Ha 5 3 2

Source: PCA, 2011-Khunti & Calculated Values


56

6.3 Education

6.3.1 Basic Educational and Literacy Indicators

As per 2011 Census, the literacy rate has increased to 85.37 % in Lohardaga urban centre. The

male constitutes 89.80 % and female comprised of 80.75 %. The ratio between numbers of

students per teacher in the Lohardaga planning area is 63 i.e. 1-teacher for 63 students. The

teacher-student ratio is 62 for Lohardaga urban area. For both rural area and Lohardaga urban

area, the teacher student ratio is higher in comparison to the standard of 1-Teacher for 25

students.

Location

(Rural/Urban

)

Schools Classrooms Sections

(1-8)

Teachers Enrolment

(1-8)

Repeaters

(1-8) Male Female No

Resp.

Total

Rural 676 3267 3838 1561 892 0 2453 89751 3973

Urban 45 337 272 107 281 0 388 12243 108

Total 721 3604 4110 1668 1173 0 2841 101994 4081

Table 6-4- Status of Educational facilities in Lohardaga (Rural/Urban). Source: DISE-Lohardaga, 2010

Some renowned schools of Lohardaga include:

ST. MARK'S SCHOOL, SENHA

Gandhi Memorial +2 High School, Maradih, Kuru

Saraswati Shishu Mandir

Saraswati Vidya Mandir

Lievens Academy

M.B DAV Public School

WhiteHat Elementary School

Nadia Hindu Ucch Vidyalaya

MoonS Multitasking (Computer Shop)

Sen's Triveni Public School

Greater Triveni Public school

Triveni Tiny Task

Triveni Girls Convent

Ursuline Convent


57

Datapro

Chunni Lal High School

Science and Commerce Tutorials

Divine spark public school

Evergreen children public school Manho lohardaga

Maa Saraswati Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Jaynathpur,Lohardaga

B.Ed. College

Urusline College

Teacher Training College

Chunni lal high school is one of the first high schools opened in Lohardaga with its first

visionary principal being late Shri Haricharan Sahu. Saraswati Shishu And vidya mandir is the

best two school in the town in every aspect like education, Discipline. Since its induction is

the city, it has been coming to nurture its student careers.Many students from Saraswati

Vidya Mandir are now doctors, engineers, in army and civil services. DAV Public School and

Sen's Triveni Public School are the two good schools in Lohardaga. DAV Public School and

Sen's Triveni Public School are English-medium school.

Lohardaga has two colleges, B.S. College and Women's College. M.L.A Women's College has

been imparting education to the girls of this tribal dominated backward district since 1981,

but still awaits Govt.'s favour and facilities. B.S College offers higher educations in Science,

Arts and Commerce stream but fails to perform up to the marks in all the three faculties.

Dr.(Mrs) Mukul Rani Singh one of the eminent educationists in Jharkhand was amongst the

first few ladies to come to Lohardaga in the early 1960s. She served with B.S. College as Head

of Department till the mid-1990s. Her stay in Lohardaga made a significant impact on the

psyche of the locals and promoted girl education in the region. Dr. (Mrs) Mukul Rani Singh,

died of cancer in the year 1994. That's why most of the students of Lohardaga who are keen

to pursue higher studies move to Ranchi, the state capital, which houses a number of good

schools and colleges offering higher education.

Moons Multitasking is one of the well-known computer education institute where high quality

computer education is provided among the students coming from every section of society in

very easily affordable fee. The teachers are well qualified holding degrees such as MCA, BCA,


58

and MBA etc. It has benefitted lots of students with good computer skill thus aiding

development of Lohardaga.

Maa Saraswati I.T.I. is first technical approved college by government of India (NCVT) which

is providing basic technical knowledge to the youths of Lohardaga and trying to make them

skillful, so that they get employment. This institution is being run by a charitable trust in the

memory of a prominent social worker and kind woman Late Saraswati devi.

6.3.2 Education System in Jharkhand State

The Education in the State is classified in the following categories:

Elementary Education

1. Primary

2. Upper Primary

Age 6-14 years Classes I-VIII

Secondary Education Age14-16 years Classes IX-X

Higher Secondary Age 17-18 years Classes XI-XII

Higher Education 1. University 2. Institutes of National Importance 3. Degree Colleges

Technical and Vocational Education Vocational Institutes

Table 6-5- System of Education in the State

In the field of education, the primary objective of the State Government has been the

universalization of elementary education and Qualitative improvement of Higher Education.

Sr. No. Govt. Primary School (Numbers)

Private Primary School (Numbers)

Govt. Middle School (Numbers)

Private Middle School (Numbers)

1. 10 7 13 5

Table 6-6- Category wise number of schools in Lohardaga Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga

Sr. No. Govt. Secondary School (Numbers)

Private Secondary School (Numbers)

Govt. Senior Secondary School (Numbers)

Private Senior Secondary School (Numbers)

1. 4 6 2 1

Table 6-7- Category wise number of schools in Lohardaga Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga

The Educational facilities in the town are present and are well distributed according to the

population.


59

S. No.

Category Population Served per unit

Area Requirement

Estimated Educational Facilities projected by year 2040

Existing Educational Facilities, 2011

Requirement

1 Pre-Primary School

2500 0.08 ha. 82 24 58

2 Primary School

5000 Area per School = 0.40 Ha a) School building area = 0.20 Ha b) Playfield Area = 0.20 Ha

41 35 6

3 Middle School

7500 Area per School = 1.80 Ha (NBC, 2005) a) School building area = 0.60 Ha b) Playfield Area = 1.00 Ha c) Parking Area = 0.20 Ha

24 27 -

5 Secondary School


24 12 12

6 Senior Secondary


24 3 21

7 College 1.25 lakh Area per college = 5.00 Ha a) College Building Area = 1.80 Ha b) Playfield Area = 2.50 Ha c) Residential including Hostel Area = 0.30 Ha d) Parking Area = 0.30 Ha

2 3 -

Table 6.8- Requirements-Educational Facilities by Year 2040, Lohardaga

Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga & Calculated Values


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Figure 6-1- Existing location of Health Facilities and Educational Facilities

6.4 Safety

There is one police station and one women police station present in the Lohardaga.

6.5 Postal services

There is one post office and 1 sub post offices at DC Complex in the Lohardaga.

6.6 Cinema Hall

There are 2 cinema halls in the Lohardaga town for the recreational purposes named Alka

Cinema Hall(Ward No.14)& Menka Cinema hall (Ward No. 13).

6.7 Banks

The banking related services are well distributed within the city. There are 19 banks present

in the city from almost every sector to cater in Lohardaga town.


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S. No. Name Ward No.

1. Gramin Bank 5

2. BOI 6

3. SBI 6

4. BOI, Block Morh 6

5. UBI 3

6. IDBI 9

7. SBI 13

8. ICICI 13

9. HDFC 17

10. BOI 19

11. Union Bank 19

12. Gramin Bank 19

13. LIC office 19

14. PNB 19

15. Ranchi-Khunti Co-operative Bank 16

16. Bank of Baroda 16

17. UCO Bank 19

18. Central Bank of India 14

19. Allahbad Bank 13 Table 6-9- Ward-wise Distribution of Bank facilities in Lohardaga Town. Source: Nagar Parishad Lohardaga, 2016

S. No. Nationalised Bank (Numbers)

Pvt. Bank (Numbers)

Co-operative Bank (Numbers)

Agriculture Credit Society (Numbers)

1. 16 1 1 1

Table 6-10- Banking Facilities, Lohardaga Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga.

6.8 Religious Sites

There are 13 religious sites present in Lohardaga Town well distributed within the city area.

6.9 Other Facilities

There are 3 stadiums & community halls each, 1 Library & reading room each & 8 petrol

pumps present in the town as far as distribution of other facilities are concerned in the town.

S. No. Govt. Stadium (Numbers)

Community Hall (Numbers)

Govt. Library (Numbers)

Reading Room (Numbers)

Petrol Pump (Numbers)

1. 3 3 1 1 8 Table 6-11- Other Facilities, Lohardaga Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga.


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6.10 Requirements for Community Buildings

S. No. Category Population Served per population

Area Req. per Unit

Estimated Educational Facilities projected by year 2040

Existing No. of units, 2011

Required No. of units by 2040

1 Police Station 90000 1.5 ha 2 2 -

2 Post office 2.5 lakh 85sqm 1 1 -

3 Banks 1 lakh 2500sqm 2 19 -

4 Religious places 5000 0.10 ha 41 13 28

5 Community Hall 15000 2000sqm 14 3 11

6 Library 15000 2000sqm 14 1 13

7 Reading Room 15000 2000sqm 14 1 13

8 Telephone Exchange

4 lakh 4 ha 1 1 -

Table 6-12- Requirements for Community Buildings Source: PCA, 2011-Lohardaga


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Map 7: Social Infrastructure in Lohardaga Town


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7 Housing and Slums

7.1 Introduction

Housing, one of the basic services, which is to be provided for better quality of life, shall be

given the importance in the master plan. The increasing level of urbanization has created the

stress on housing sector in Lohardaga. As indicated by the last two decades of demographic

data, it can be seen that there is an increase of population from 1981-2011 but the increase

in housing both quantity & quality could not catch the pace of increasing population hence

resulting in the housing gap.

7.2 Review of Existing Policies, Programmes & Projects Related to Slums & Housing

There was only one National Kodermais Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme

(IHSDP). The details are given below:

7.3 Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme (IHSDP)

It aims at combining the schemes of Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) & National

Slum Development (NSDP) & ameliorating the conditions of the urban slum dwellers that

either do not possess adequate shelter or reside in dilapidated conditions.

The basic objective is to strive for holistic slum development with a healthy& enabling urban

environment by providing adequate shelter & basic infrastructure facilities to the slum

dwellers of the identified urban areas.

Under IHSDP scheme, 1623 houses are planned to be constructed in Lohardaga, out of which

1012 are already constructed & in remaining 611 houses construction is in progress.

7.4 Slums in Lohardaga

7.4.1 Slum Profile

There are total 10 no. of slums are notified in Lohardaga. The following table gives the details

of the slums. This updated list has been validated by the Lohardaga, Nagar Parishad.


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Table7-4-: List of Slum areas in Lohardaga

Sno Name of Basti/ Mohalla Ward Number

1 Idgah Mohalla/Qureci Mohalla 1

2 Patra Toli 5

3 Karcha Toli 6

4 Qured Mohalla-II 11

5 Sama Toli 15

6 Barwa Toli 22

7 Basar Toli 21

8 Nawara Para 20

9 Gasha Toli 22

10 Staff Colony 13

Source: Primary Survey


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Map 8: Slum areas in Lohardaga


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8 Environment and Natural Hazards

8.1 Introduction

The urban areas of the country are facing problems of deterioration of environmental and

socio-economic conditions. The major concerns are unplanned and haphazard development,

poor sanitary and living conditions, urbanization and associated problems including slums,

poor/inadequate infrastructure and pollution problems. While there are several causes for

urban degradation such as population migration, environmental considerations not

adequately being incorporated into plans (Master Plans), uncoordinated and haphazard

development, weak implementation of plans and laws and inadequate institutional

competences, one of the major concerns is resource crunch.

8.2 Natural Reserves

Lohardaga is a quiet little town in between the hilly regions of Jharkhand. It was famous for

the mining of iron ore & bauxite like minerals/ natural resources. City is nestled in the

backdrop of the hilly terrain of Patratu and dense tropical forests. Lohardaga is blessed with

vast reserves of natural wealth like iron, bauxite, etc. water supply from river Koel and rich

biodiversity making it a priceless industrial centre.

8.3 River System

The important river basins of the region are the The Sankh & Koel River. The Sankh River rises

in the north-west of the district, flows through the centre of the Rajadera plateau, then turns

abruptly south, and descends to the plains of Barwe by a beautiful waterfall known as

Sadnighagh. After crossing the plains of Barwe in a south-westerly direction, it flows almost

due south, forming for some distance the boundary between Ranchi and Raigarh (M.P.), then

passing through the hills which separate Barwe from Biru, it flows in a Westerly direction and

passing into Gangpur near village of Samsera in the extreme south of the district, unites with

Koel. The important tributaries of the Sankh are the Chirra, the Lawa, the Kok, the Kodar in

Chainpur area, and the Kasgor, the Utial, the Palamara, the Girma, the Saijor, the Banda, the

Dangajar in Simdega and Kurdeg areas.


68

The North-Koel River This river rises within a very short distance of the Sankh, it flows

northward through the narrow valley of Bishnupur into Palamau, where after a course of 300

kms, it joins the Son under the plateau of Rohtas.

8.4 Pollution

8.4.1 Water Pollution

The study reveals the following major outcomes about the quality of water in the Planning

Area:

The concentrations of pH, Total solids and Total Dissolved Solids are within the

permissible limits of Water Quality Standards (WQS) for Rivers and Lake.

Very High concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in all the surface water

bodies in the city.

High concentration of Total Suspended Solids in entire surface water system of

Lohardaga.

8.4.2 Rain Water Harvesting

It is evident from the discussion that the aquifer beneath the planning area is getting

overexploited and as consequence ground water resources are being depleted.

Quality deterioration, associated phenomena, of overexploitation, may be

encountered. This quality deterioration will be relatively high in the overexploited and

thickly populated areas. Once pollution has occurred, the water has to be treated at

the point of abstraction. The cleanup of an aquifer is a very difficult task. It follows

that every effort should be made to prevent the contamination of the ground water

in the first instance. Rain water harvesting, should be mandatory for all new buildings

to harvest surface runoff and ground water recharge.

8.4.3 Air Pollution

Traffic increasing, the high influx of population to urban areas, increase in

consumption patterns, higher levels of energy consumption, unplanned & rapid

urban, industrial & economic development has led to a higher rate of increase of air


69

pollution in Lohardaga city. The following is observed from the Ambient Air Quality

Analysis of the Planning Area.

High concentration of RSPM and SPM are recorded at Pawarganj Chowk area, in

comparison of prescribed limit of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of

the Central Pollution Control Board.

No violation of NAAQS (24-hourly avg.) with respect to SO2, and NO2 at mixed landuse

of Pawarganj Chowk area of Lohardaga City. The city also shows the decrease trend of

concentration of these pollutants from the year 2010 to 2011.

Action Envisaged

Relocation of polluting industries, phasing out older polluting vehicles, introduction of

mass rapid transportation, etc.

Develop a Road map for control of emissions from new and in-use vehicles developed

up to year 2011-12.

Use of Alternate fuel (CNG, LPG, Ethanol petrol, Bio-diesel, Hydrogen, etc.)

Prepare strategies for vehicles related traffic to control air pollution.

Initiatives for small scale industrial sector.

Prepare a City specific AQM action plans.

8.4.5 Noise Pollution

The average day noise level was found to be exceeding the standard noise limits in vehicular

traffic and along the major commercial streets of the urban area. This is due to the

commercial activities taking place in these areas and due to high density of population and

the resulting congestion in the area.

Actions Envisaged

Mass rapid transport system to reduce the vehicle on the road to reduce the air

pollution;

Industries in the region and within Lohardaga to follow the Pollution Control Board

(PCB) norms;

Preparation of landscape plans, and large-scale plantation


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8.5 Natural Hazards

The prevention of loss to life and property due to natural calamities is being viewed very

seriously by the Government of India. In the past, the main role played by the Government in

the case of various disasters was confined mainly to post-disaster activities that included

providing relief and organizing rehabilitation The need was felt for a proactive approach

rather than waiting for a disaster to occur. As a part of this strategy, the Government decided

to institute task forces for hazard zoning, geotechnical investigations, and land use zoning and

regulation.

8.5.1 Hailstorm and Thunderstorm

Hailstorm rarely involve physical injury their economic impact can be severe. The damage

appears to be a function of the severity, intensity and duration of storms and the size of

hailstones, which they produce. Some of the damages are also caused by high winds and

torrential. It is a regular phenomenon in Lohardaga and mostly occurs during months of

March-April every year.

8.5.2 Floods

The record reveals that the Lohardaga has not experienced any dreadful flood and it is not a

regular phenomenon in Lohardaga. However, the city is prone to flash floods during the heavy

rainy seasons. On 11 July 1999, Lohardaga recorded a rainfall of 1440 mm, which broke the

record of 20 years. Excess rains during 2006 also caused flood like situation in several parts of

Lohardaga. Flash flood in Lohardaga is mainly caused due to blockade of the drainage system

of the city due to dumping of garbages and unauthorised settlements in low-lying areas of the

city.

8.5.3 Droughts

The record reveals that the Lohardaga has not experienced any dreadful flood and it is not a

regular phenomenon in Lohardaga. However, the city is prone to flash floods during annual

rainfall of 1400 mm but less than 800 mm of rainfall causes drought like situation. The district

has experienced drought situation in 2004 and 2005.


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8.5.4 Earthquakes

Lohardaga district falls in Zone-II of the Earthquake Hazard Map of India. The region has

experienced micro-earthquake activities followed by subsurface rumbling sound, on many

occasions. All these phenomena highlighted the need for preparedness and mitigation

measures in the Lohardaga region.


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9 Heritage and Tourism

The heritage structures in city are in dilapidated condition and need to be renovated.

Highlighting prominent heritage structures through lightning and illumination will give them

a new and refreshing look. Light and sound show in these buildings can orient the tourist in

the town.

Development of night shelters and retiring room in the city can generate revenue as the

visitors passing by can opt for staying in these shelters. These shall be developed adjacent to

transport facilities like truck terminal and bus terminal so as to be easily accessible to people.

Water bodies can be developed as a tourist spot. Bara Talab has a potential to be developed

as major recreational centre. The surroundings can be visually enhanced by plantation of

trees, development of tourism infrastructure like public utilities, provision of boat rides and

light and sound show.


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10 City Image and City Structure

10.1 Introduction

To transform Lohardaga into one of the most admired Town of the state. The city-image has

to be enhanced through the creation of landmarks and by developing a hierarchical city

structure.

10.2 City Structure

10.2.1Existing City Structure

The Lohardaga Town is having an undulating plain locatedin the tribal belt of Chotanagpur

plateau. The well-marked contours show that the general slope is from west to east direction.

The eastern section of the city has an average elevation of about 624.84 m, which gradually

increases to 655.32 m in the west. The city has sprawled in a linear fashion surrounding the

central area, along the main corridors towards the north-east, North-West and South-East

directions.

The Upper Bazar Area still functions as the Central Business District with wholesale and city

level retail markets located there. A ribbon-like commercial mixed-use development has

taken place along the major corridors i.e. along main road, the other nuclei that have formed

in the city are the area along Pawarganj Chowk. However, a hierarchical form of urban

development is absent in the City Structure.

The city form or structure can be discussed under the major heads of paths, edges nodes,

landmarks and districts. Paths are channels by which people move along in their travels. The

major pathway in the town is the state highway which passes through the centre of the town.

The town has spread along on both the sides of this stretch. Other channels are the roads to

various nearby places which emerge from this state highway. This is the major spine of the

town. The second element, edges, are all other lines not included in the path group. The major

edge to one side of the town is the river Sankh in the north. It is also the boundary of the

town. While traveling from Ranchi towards the town, the river gives us an image of entering

into the town. Next, districts are sections of the city, usually relatively substantial in size,


74

which have an identifying character about them. The town can be divided into two districts.

The first is institutional area on the northern side of the town. It has all major government

offices and their residences. The other is the residential area with all related activities like

shopping, recreation etc.

The fourth element, nodes, are points or strategic spots where there is an extra focus, or

added concentration of city features. The major nodes of the town are Pawarganj Chowk and

Barwatoli Chowk. These are the busiest nodes of the town and host very high traffic volume

as compared to the other intersections in the town.

Finally, landmarks are external physical objects that act as reference points. Landmarks of the

town are Bara Talab, DC office and Municipal office.

Cause of Concern for Urban Environment & Built Form

Railway siding within city limits – The authorities have sanctioned a bauxite railway siding

for Hindalco group of industries within the city limit. The construction of railway siding has

been opposed by the local people as it is inside the municipal limit and people are threatened

to be affected by the proposal. The main reason for opposition is the resultant massive

deforestation and its nearness to the city, posing serious threat to the urban environment

and built form. Environment pollution is likely to increase because of bauxite particles floating

in the air. Currently the construction has been stalled due to orders from higher authorities.

Although railway siding may add to the economic condition of the city but will certainly attract

a heavy traffic movement within city limits. This will lead to havoc in future as city roads do

not have capacity to sustain such a heavy movement in the near future. Also it will lead to

degradation of environment in the surrounding areas.

KEY ISSUES

Underutilization of undeveloped land

Slow development process

Inorganic growth

No hierarchy of commercial spaces, prevalent mixed land use.

Danger to urban environment with the construction of railway siding.


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11 Land Use

11.1 Introduction

The physical characteristics are vital elements of the comprehensive land use plan as these

characteristics often dictate how land is used. Topography, soil features and geology can

create limitations to certain types of developments, while an inventory of surface water

resources, vegetation types, environmentally significant areas, and historical features

identifies those resources and areas which should be protected from development.

11.2 Physical Pattern of Growth

Due to urbanisation and formation of the physical growth of Lohardaga city is tremendously

change in different time period. Due to lack of planning interventions and haphazard spread,

the growth can be examined in all directions of the city as well as the nearby settlements

beyond the municipal limit.

A new Ring Road is under construction which may give impetus to development of Lohardaga

city in radial concentric pattern in coming future. Lohardaga city is considered as one of the

most suitable District of Jharkhand which provides educational and health facilities not only

to population residing in it but also to nearby villages in its regional setting.


76

Map 9: Urban Sprawl- 2005 and 2015


77

11.3 Existing Landuse Distribution

The existing land use study and analysis is necessary to understand and determine the forces

responsible for shaping the urban morphology of a city and to get an insight into the future

direction in which town has the potential to grow. Micro-level land use survey was conducted

and land use was broadly classified as developed and Un-Developed land uses. The term

‘Developed’ indicates the land that is being used for the purposes, which are urban in

character including open Spaces like parks and playgrounds, residential, commercial,

industrial, public and semi-Public etc.


78

Map 10:Existing Land Use of Local Planning Area


79

Map 11: Existing landuse and land use concentration within municipal limits


80

Sr. No. Land use Area (in ha.) Area in Percentage

1 Residential 393.252 17.25

2 Commercial 11.94 0.52

3 Industrial & Manufacturing 20.08 0.88

4 Governmental 15.31 0.67

5 Public & Semi Public 41.61 1.83

6 Traffic & Transportation 53.19 2.33

7 Recreational 5.39 0.24

8 Utilities & Services 4.58 0.20

9 Agriculture 1155.828 50.69

10 Water Bodies 28.04 1.22

11 Forest & Plantation 0.3 0.01

12 Open Space/vacant 550.48 24.14 Total 2280 100.00

Table 11-1- Existing Land use Lohardaga Town, 2016 (Gross Developed Area). Source: Calculated Values

Sr. No.

Land use Area (In Ha.)

Area in Percenta

ge

Developed Land Norms As per

URDPFI Guidelines for

Medium Towns

Deviation in Existing Landuse-Lohardaga,2016

1 Residential 393.252 72.11 45 +27.11

2 Commercial 11.94 2.19 6 -3.81

3 Industrial & Manufacturing

20.08 3.68 9 -5.32

5 Public & Semi Public

61.5 11.28 10 +1.28

7 Recreational 5.39 0.99 15 -14.01

6 Traffic & Transportation

53.19 9.75 15 -5.25

Total 545.352 100.00 100

Table 11-2- Existing Land use Lohardaga Town, 2016 (Net Developed Area). Source: Calculated Values

11.3.1 Residential Area

Residential use covers an area of 393.252 hectares in the Lohardaga Municipal Area

constituting 72.11 % of the Developed Area. The area has an average gross residential density

of 105 PPH for the Developed Area, which indicates appropriate growth of the city as per

URDPFI. Ranchi (City + Rural) lacks planned residential colonies and the organic growth has

resulted in urban sprawl and inefficient utilization of land. Physical thresholds have played

dominant role for shaping the urban structure of city but the density has been primarily


81

shaped by the infrastructural facilities. Although city has existed since long time, the

urbanization has been taking place in haphazard manner.

Sr. No. Ward Number Locality Name

1 Ward No. 1 Kumbatoli, Kolpara, Noor Nagar, Taigi Nagar, Kutmu Road, Qureshi Mohalla, Masjid Lane, Slaughter House Lane

2 Ward No. 2 Tipu Sultan Chowk, Qureshi Mohalla, Madarsa Lane, Bangla Chowk, New Azad Basti, Ramjnai Gali

3 Ward No. 3 Durga Baadi Lane, Dhoda Toli, Star Colony, New Azad Basti, Pawarganj, PWD Road, Siding.

4 Ward No. 4 Dhoda Toli, Block Colony, Station Toli, Baba Math Road, Court Road.

5 Ward No. 5 Kisko Morh, Shanti Nagar, Patra Toli, Bijli office Colony.

6 Ward No. 6 Karcha Toli, Harmu Road, Maina Bagicha, SP Residence Road, Court Compound, Railway Station Road, Adarsh Nagar.

7 Ward No. 7 Sanjay Gandhi Path, Court Road, Teacher Colony, Tangra Toli.

8 Ward No. 8 Akhauri Colony, PWD Road, Pawrganj Chowk, Curt Road, Sanjay Gandhi Path.

9 Ward No. 9 Aziz Cottage Lane, Krishna Lane, Somvaar Bazar, Amla Toli, Birbal Lane, New Road, Azad Basti, Durga Badi Lane.

10 Ward No. 10 Kadir Lane, Tipu Sultan Chowk, Bagru Road, Kalal Toli, Amla Toli, Rajendra Bhawan, Nagarpalika Gali, Bangla Bagicha, Bangla Chowk.

11 Ward No. 11 Kumba Toli , Islam Nagar, Balmiki Nagar, Rahat Nagar, Isitma Nagar Tangra, Altaf Gali, Bagru Road.

12 Ward No. 12 Thana Toli, Mali Mohalla, Darga Road, Adiwasi Mohalla, Quasim Lane,

13 Ward No. 13 Buchan Gali, Aziz Cottage Lane, New Road, Bhatti Road, Main Road Thana Road, Krishna Lane, Andhra Gali, Mathura Das Lane, Thana Chowk, Menka Cinema.

14 Ward No. 14 Akhauri Colony, New Road, Khadgada, Alka Cinema, Sarna Toli.

15 Ward No. 15 Sarna Toli, New Road, TTC Road, Raja Bangla, jriya Road, Barwa Toli Chowk, College Road, Sobran Toli

16 Ward No. 16 Dubey Mohalla, Anjuman Mohalla, MG Road, New Road, Ambedkar Nagar, Raghunandah Lane, Shastri Chowk, Main Road, Upper Bazar, East Gola Road, Barwa Toli.

17 Ward No. 17 Tangra Toli, Thana Road, Krishna lane, Gudri Bazar, Nai Mohalla, Budhan Singh Jain, Anjuman Mohalla, Mathura Das Lane

18 Ward No. 18 Aggarwal Mohalla, Lohra Gali, Nai Mohalla, Hatia Garden, upper Bazar, east Golla Road, Barwa Toli, Jirat Road, Mission Road, Gumla Road, Rana Chowk, Prem Nagar, Baksi Deepa, RIADA Road.

19 Ward No. 19 Maali Mohalla, Nai Mohalla, Hatia Garden, Shiv Charan lane, Koiri Mohalla, Main road, Aggarwal Mohalla, Gopal Lane, Budhu Lane, Jainathpur.

20 Ward No. 20 Gopal road, Lehri Mohalla, Rana Toli, Koiri Mohalla, Khalihaan Toli, Nawari Pada, Sonar Toli, Harijan Mohalla, Tangra Toli, Mahadev Toli, Budhu Lane, Dhobi Gali.

21 Ward No. 21 Dhobi Gali, Rana Chowk, Gumla Road, Mission Chowk, BID Mohalla, Chattar Bagicha, Basar Toli, Baksi deepa, Dhoda Toli, Main road

22 Ward No. 22 Sobran Toli, College Road, Barwa Toli, Dhobi Gali, Madhuban, Anandpur Mission Compound.

Table 11-3- Ward-wise Distribution of Residential Areas/Localities in Lohardaga Town. Source: NP, Lohardaga-2016

11.3.2 Commercial Area

Commercial land occupies about 2.19 % of the developed area of Ranchi Municipal. Most of

the commercial development is adjacent to the major streets or traffic corridors however,


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most of the commercial activities are concentrated in the Central Business District (CBD) of

the city. The city generally lacks planned commercial areas and there is no hierarchy of

commercial centers existing in it. In fact, all the existing commercial development has come

up in linear fashion. Mixed Land Use characterizes most of the areas with commercial

activities being carried out in the ground floor.

11.3.3 Industrial

Industrial development is playing an important role in the economic activity of the Ranchi

area. Total area under industrial use is 20.08 hectare, which is 3.68 % of the total Planning

Area. Major industrial areas include RIADA Industrial Estate for Small-scale Industries &

HINDALCO Industry for processing Bauxite. One of the older industrial areas Lohardaga Town

area.

11.3.4 Public Semi-Public Area

Land under educational institutions, medical facilities, police stations and police lines,

religious, graveyards and other community facilities which is grouped under public and semi-

public use constitutes about 11.28 % of the Developed Area. Out of the total 61.5 hectares

under public and semi-public land use, three major micro-level uses are government,

education and medical facilities.

11.3.5 Traffic & Transportation

Road network and related infrastructure is the most important sector for urban health. Roads

act as arteries for the flow of goods and services and dissemination of urban influences.

Efficient connectivity and improved linkages help in developing linkages between the market

and the produce. Traffic and transportation infrastructure accounts for about 9.75 % of

Developed Area. The percentage area under traffic and transportation seems to be adequate

though most of the roads including arterials are characterized by two lane undivided

configuration only. The problem of inefficient road network is particularly more severe in the

older and core parts of the urban area wherein the existing streets are narrow and winding

wearing poor and dilapidated physical outlook. The pedestrian movement generally squats


83

the carriageways resulting in further reduction of the effective road width as no pedestrian

facilities exist in the entire city. The existing traffic characteristics reveal a chaotic picture

predominantly because of lack of basic road infrastructure, pedestrian facilities, non-

segregation of vehicular and non-vehicular traffic, inadequate parking areas etc.

11.3.6 Recreational

Parks, play fields, cinema halls, etc. have been grouped as recreational land use and constitute

about 5.39 hectare, which is 1 % of the Developed Area. The land under recreational use is

insignificant keeping in view the population and historical nature of the city. Uniformly

distributed and well-planned parks and playfields are grossly lacking. Old city lacks both in

active as well as passive recreational spaces. In absence of sufficient developed area for

recreational purposes, the open spaces of schools and college and other unorganized open

spaces are uses as playfield, recreational areas by the local inhabitants.


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12 Development Challenges & Potential

12.1 Introduction

The main thrust of the strategy of urban renewal is to ensure improvement in urban governance so that

the ULBs and parastatal agencies become financially sound with enhanced credit rating and ability to

access market capital for undertaking new programmes and expansion of services. With this

improvement, public-private partnership (PPP) for various services would become feasible. To achieve

this objective, the state government, the ULB and parastatal agencies in the city will be required to accept

implementation of reform agenda.

12.2 Sectoral Challenges

Sr. No. Infrastructure Short Term Challenge Long Term Challenge

1 Water Supply 100% coverage of municipal

supply to households.

Minimization on transmission

and distribution losses.

Minimization of extraction of

ground water.

Water treatment plant for

provision of safe drinking

water

2 Drainage Cleaning and maintenance

of drains.

All storm water drains to be

covered.

3 Sewerage

system

Check open defecation.

Provision of CTC’s.

City to be covered with

100% sewerage system.

Sewage treatment plant for

the city.

4 Solid Waste Systematic daily collection

with 100% coverage in the

city.

Strengthening municipal

system of SWM for

appropriate handling and

transportation of waste.

Environment friendly landfill

site.

Appropriate technology for

waste treatment and

processing.


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5 Road &

Transport

Road geometrics

Improvement.

Intersections improvement.

Signalization

Provision of street furniture.

Pedestrianisation for the city

Removal of encroachments

with appropriate

rehabilitation plan

Integrated Bus Terminus.

Construction of ring road/By-

pass

Cycle, rickshaw stand

Adequate parking of vehicles.

Truck terminal

6 Slums Adequate provision of Basic

services like water, roads,

sewage, CTC’s

In- situ Upgradation.

Table 12-1- Sectoral Challenges

12.3 Development Potential

Lohardaga is a linear city and has ribbon development along the major highway corridor. City

has a potential to develop as satellite town to Ranchi in the coming decades. Proximity to its

state capital has made the area very potential for development. The place has a bearing capacity

to sustain the development pressure in near future. The vacant land available adds to the

strength of the area. The primary objective will be to increase the sprawl of the city in outwards

direction instead of going linear. This will help in reducing the pressure on the main artery of the

town. Thus the development of ring road and by-pass shall be in a way that promote the growth

in outskirts of the city making the city spread in radial directions. Enjoying the good transport

connectivity makes the place accessible and suitable for development.

Secondly, the development of backward areas and slums needs to be dealt with special

attention. The development of marginal settlements shall be done and an eye needs to be kept

so as to stop organic growth of new area.

As retail is the major economy of the area, a regulated and planned development is an

immediate necessity of the town. There should be more planned commercial markets and

hierarchies shall be established to make the trade easier. There is an opportunity to develop

trade in organized manner so that it does not lead to chaos in the city.


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Development of small economic zones may add to growth in the area in view of the fact that the

place is rich in minerals and mining activity is already taking place. The place has a potential to

develop as a mining town and can attract many investors. Introducing intensive industrial activity

shall add to economy of the area.

Transport and tourism infrastructure facilities can be integrated and developed in the town,

reason being its proximity to the state hot tourist spot Netra haat. Tourism facility like hotels,

good eating and refreshment joints needs to be developed near the transport hubs like bus

stands so as to attract the tourists. The tourist shall not by pass the city and shall be attracted

towards the city for a stay or a halt. This will also create employment opportunities for the local

people.

Thus the place has great potential to develop as a growing town with a booming economy.


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Map 12: Proposed Landuse- Lohardaga Planning area


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13 Proposed Land use

In the course of planning the LPA for Lohardaga, planning issues were surfaced. The planning

proposals for Lohardaga will outline the development objectives of the town. The focus of the

land use proposal is to ensure adequate and balanced spread of residential and industrial land

so that sustainability can be achieved. Active allocation of complementing land uses is displayed

through seamless integration of land uses, transport and economic activities. The proposed land

use plan for LPA Lohardaga has prepared for the year 2040.

Table 1- Existing Land use Distribution in Town-Lohardaga 2016

Sr. No. Land use Area (in ha.) Area in Percentage


2 Commercial 11.94 0.52

3 Industrial & Manufacturing 20.08 0.88

4 Governmental 15.31 0.67

5 Public & Semi Public 41.61 1.83

6 Traffic & Transportation 53.19 2.33

7 Recreational 5.39 0.24

8 Utilities & Services 4.58 0.20

9 Agriculture 1155.828 50.69

10 Water Bodies 28.04 1.22

11 Forest & Plantation 0.3 0.01

12 Open Space/vacant 550.48 24.14

Total 2280 100.00


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Table 132-Proposed Land use Distribution of LPA Lohardaga 2040

S. No. Landuse Area (in Ha.) Percentage

1 Existing Built-Up (Residential, Industries, Recreational,

Institutions, Utilities etc.)

668.026 8.92


3 Existing Village Settlement 194.8 2.60

4 Mixed Land Use 756 10.10

5 Industry ( Heavy, General, Mixed) 999 13.34

6 Institutional 30 0.40

7 Park 269.89 3.60

8 Proposed Roads 176.26 2.35

9 Forest 121.09 1.62

10 Waterbody 292.17 3.90

11 Green Buffer 125 1.67

12 Agriculture 442 5.90

Total 7487.35 100.00

Source: Calculated Values.


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Map 13: Proposed Residential areas


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13.1 Residential

The Residential area has been kept high as to cater the projected population of the revised

master Plan 2040. The residential area has been proposed to 45.59% from 17.25%.The projected

population of Lohardaga Town for the year 2040 works to be about 2, 05,086 persons therefore

the demand for residential areas would be quite more. The land required for residential use to

accommodate projected population of 2, 05,086 persons of Lohardaga works out to be 3413.11

hectares for urban residential purpose. The potential areas all around municipal limits of

Lohardaga, and area along existing linkages having trend of residential growth and thus have

been earmarked for residential purpose. Besides this the areas around new proposed roads

would also become potential with the proposals of new accessibilities. Assessing the future trend

of development, the areas alongside areas Islam Nagar, Rahat Nagar, Jayanathpur, Chattar

Bagicha, Basartoli & Sarnatoli area have been proposed for the Residential development. The

various types of developments which can take place in Residential use are Commercial, Group

Housing, Apartments, Township, Semi-detached house, Detached House, Serviced Apartment,

Institution and Hostel (e.g. for working women, students & youths).


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Map 14: Proposed Industrial areas


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13.2 Industrial

The Industrial land use has been raised to 13.34% from 8%. Lohardaga is one of the industrial

promotive town in whole of the Jharkhand and Jharkhand is also providing incentives to the

industries as mentioned in the Jharkhand Industrial Policy 2012. Moreover the Lohardaga is

having a good railway connectivity and thus it gives a good attractive point to Industrial growth.

The industries will consist of general, mix and mining industries. The total area proposed for the

Industrial use is 999 hectares out of which 509.49 hectares is for industrial development whereas

489.51 hectares has been proposed for the mixed industrial use. The mixed industrial use shall

be permissible for General Industry, Residential, Commercial, Institutions.

Industries that fall under “Red” category would only be allowed in Lohardaga LPA in the areas

earmarked for such industry to manage and contain the environmental concerns of such

industries and they have to get the clearance from the Punjab Pollution control Board.

Table 13-2: List of “Red” industries

S. No. Industries

1 Fertilizer (nitrogen/ phosphate)

2 Cement

3 Tanneries

4 Pulp & paper

5 Manufacturing of dyes & dye intermediates

6 Pesticides manufacturing of formulation except where no emissions are involved

7 Basic drug, pharmaceutical and formulations

8 Slaughterhouse above 70 no. total live weight killed or discharging effluent 1,000 lts/day and animal bone processing

9 Heat treatment/ tempering/ electroplating/ surface coating and hardening

10 Dyeing and processing cotton/ woollen/ synthetic yarn/ fabric discharging effluent 1,500 lts/day

11 Oil extraction, vegetable ghee/ hard oil using hazardous substances in process

12 Processing paddy, rice, maize barley above 15t/day or discharging effluent 1,500 lts/day

13 Stone crushers

14 Processing industries for dairy, food, vegetables/ fruit discharging effluent more than 1,500lts/day

15 Processing/ manufacturing of chemicals including organic, inorganic acids and its compounds, zinc, lead oxides, chlorinated paraffin wax and zinc recovery etc.


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16 Industrial units having induction furnace/ arc furnace or other furnace using more than 150kg/hour of solid fuel or 100lts/hr of liquid fuel

17 Brick kiln and lime kiln

The “Green” category industries are industries not covered in the above said “Red” category.

From the list of “Red” industries already existing, it became apparent that such industries

occupying future residential lands would have to be phased out. In the meantime, some

environmental controls have to be introduced and regulated in Lohardaga. Preventive measures

through use of green and physical buffers around existing industries has to be stressed and

enforced.


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Map 15: Mixed Landuse and Commercial


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13.3 Mixed land use

The mixed land use is proposed along both sides of Proposed Road (Category-R0) upto 200

metres. From the existing land use it has been clear that the various types of activities are coming

along the roads e.g. Residential, Commercial, Industrial and Institutional so keeping in mind the

existing trend mixed and industrial mix land use has been proposed along Proposed Road

(Category-R0).


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Map 16: Proposed Recreational


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13.4 Transportation

The Road network is proposed in such a way that there is maximum connectivity to all the

villages. Existing roads have been reshaped in order to maintain hierarchy within circulation

pattern of Town-Lohardaga and connected to the high hierarchy of Roads. Lohardaga Railway

station is the Major railway station in Lohardaga and is now going to be extended 44km more as

a broad gauge to connect with Tori railway station in Chandwa district. This would reduce the

railway distance between Ranchi and Delhi and the railway travel time by three hours. The

Existing Bus stand, Lohardaga needs to be upgraded with improved infrastructure. Overbridge &

Railway Over bridges has been proposed.

The area under the proposed roads is 176.26 hectares. The major focus in this road network is

to widen and strengthening of existing roads. The proposed road hierarchy in the revised master

plan is as follows:

R0 indicates the R/W-60m of the proposed roads

R2- R/W-45m

R3- R/W-30m

R4- R/W-24m

R5- R/W-18m

13.5 Sports and Recreational

The area to be developed under this landuse is 245 hectares at verious locations and is kept near

the choes and nallahas. Various activities shall come under this use Sports complex, Indoor

stadium, Swimming complex, Golf course, Golf driving range, Recreation club, Camp site, Water

sports centre, Adventure camp, Theme park, Turf club, Cricket club, Handicraft-thematic fair.

13.6 Green Buffer

The green belt of 15 metres is proposed along Proposed Road (Category-R0) left side of the town.

Green buffer has been proposed along the river and the Nallahs so that natural features do not

get encroached.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandwa


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Map 17: Proposed Agricultural areas


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Map 18: Proposed Institutional areas


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13.7 Agriculture

The land of 442 hectares has kept reserved for agriculture purpose in the south of the town. The

permissible activities under this category shall be Agro-technology Park, Aquaculture farm (e.g.

aquarium fish), Plant nursery, Hydroponics farm, Agriculture research/experimental station,

floral mile (i.e., nursery cum wholesale centre) and Utilities.

Table13-7: Proposed Land Use Legend & Zoning Interpretation for Lohardaga Local Planning Area

S. No Proposed Zone Uses Examples of Development

1.

Residential

These are areas used or intended to be used mainly for residential development. Serviced apartments and student hostels may also be allowed. Commercial and institutional uses are allowed within residential areas if these comply with the stipulated criteria.

Residential developments include: Flat Group Housing Apartments Townhouse Semi-detached house Detached House Serviced Apartment Institution Hostel (e.g. for working women, students & youths) Allowable commercial developments in residential areas include: Single-storey commercial on road having ROW of at least 60 feet.

2.

Industrial

These are areas used or intended to be used mainly for high-technology and IT operations. These are areas used or intended to be used as red industries, orange industries, general and warehouse uses.

1. Logistics Park 2. Pharmaceutical & Chemical Park 3. General industries 4. Heavy industries 5. Staff quarters 6. Financial Weaker Section Housing Developments for:

High-technology/ IT park

Business park

Knowledge park

Science park

Laboratories

3.

Institutional

Health & Medical care Hospitals Polyclinic Clinic Dental clinic Veterinary clinic Nursing Home Maternity Home Family Welfare Centre Dispensary

Educational Institution Kindergarten Primary school Secondary school Junior college Technical institute


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Polytechnic University Religious school/institute Foreign school International school Special education school (e.g. School for the Disabled)

Place of Worship Gurudwara Temple Mosque Church

Civic & Community Institution Civic Institutions Courts Government Offices Foreign Mission/ Chancery Police Station Fire Station Prison Reformative Centre Disaster Management Centre Community Institutions Association premises Community Centre/ Club Community Hall Welfare Home Childcare centre Home for the Aged Home for the Disabled Workers Dormitory Facility Centre Cultural Institutions

Television/ Filming Studio Complex Performing Arts Centre Library Museum Arts Centre Science Centre Concert Hall Socio-cultural Complex

4. Parks &

Recreational Area

These areas are used or to be intended to be used as parks and recreational uses.

Sports complex Indoor stadium Swimming complex Golf course Golf driving range Recreation club Camp site Water sports centre Adventure camp Theme park Turf club Cricket club Handicraft-thematic fair

5. Forest

These areas are used or to be intended to be used as open space and no commercial activity is allowed.

Forest reserve Wooded area Swamp area Natural open space


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Public promenades

6. Water Bodies

These are areas used or to be intended to be used for drainage purposes and water areas such as reservoirs, ponds, rivers and other water channels

River Major drain Canal Water channel Reservoir Pond

7. Railway

These are areas used or intended to be used for existing and proposed roads.

8. Roads

These are areas used or intended to be used for existing and proposed railway

Expressway Major Arterial Road Minor Arterial Road Collector Road Primary Access Road

9 Mixed Landuse

For Educational, Institutional and Residential, Commercial Centres

School, Colleges, Medical, Shops, Commercial centres

10 Existing Villages

These are the existing Village-abadi areas.

Farm house Rural settlement Pond

12 Industry Mix

General Industry Residential Commercial Institutions Hotel

11

Agriculture

These are areas used or intended to be used mainly for agriculture purposes and includes Plant nursery. Also for areas to be left rural and not needed by 2031

Agro-technology park Aquaculture farm (e.g. aquarium fish) Plant nursery Hydroponics farm Agriculture research/experimental station Floral mile (i.e., nursery cum wholesale centre) Utilities


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14 Detailed Development Controls for Khunti

14.1 Landuse Classification & permissible uses

14.1.1 Zoning

(1) In the Planning area or areas where various use zones viz, residential, commercial,

industrial, administrative, institutional, open space uses, transport & communication,

green belt, natural drainage channel and water bodies having their zonal boundaries

have been indicated, they shall be regulated as per the below mentioned Table. Except

as otherwise provided no structure or land hereinafter shall be used and no structure

shall be erected, re-erected or altered unless its use is in conformity with these bye

laws.

(2) For all non-confirming land use, no expansion shall be permitted. At the time of

redevelopment, stipulated zoning regulations shall be followed.

14.1.2 Different use of land.

(1) Permission for different uses shall be accorded outright for principal use earmarked in

the different zones described in column (2) of below mentioned Table. Permission for

different uses described in column-3 of the Table shall be permitted on special

consideration and approval of Authority and reasons for such consideration shall be

recorded in writing.

(2) The purposes specified in column (4) of the said Table shall not be permitted in the areas

reserved for particular uses.

(3) Residential buildings and others buildings may be permitted in the Urban Agriculture

use zone if the following conditions are satisfied along with other conditions of these

bye laws:

The land is not a leasehold land;

The coverage is not more than 20%;

The height is not more than 7.0 (seven) meters; and at least 60% of land is used for

plantation/ agriculture;


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(4) Projects of planned township development may be allowed in Urban Agriculture Zone

by the authority. Such permission shall be accorded by the Authority with the approval

of the Urban Development Department, Jharkhand.

(5) Mixed land use may be permitted in a particular zone on approval by Authority.

However, the main use shall cover not less than 2/3rd. of the total floor area and the

ancillary use shall not exceed one third of the total floor area.

(6) Appeals with respect to the above provisions shall lie with the tribunal.

(7) In case of Government and Government Sponsored projects, the State Government may

relax the land use criteria mentioned in table.

(8) Where Development Plan/Master Plan has not been finalized for any Authority,

guidelines for classification of land use shall be issued by department.

Table 14.1 Land use permitted/prohibited in different use zones.

Sl. No.

Use Zone Uses/Activities Permitted

Uses/Activities Permissible on approval

by Authority

Uses/Activities Prohibited

1 2 3 4

1 Residential Use Zone

1. Residence plotted (detached, semidetached and row housing), apartment, group housing, work-cum residential.

1. Places of worship 1. Heavy, large and extensive industries, noxious, obnoxious and hazardous industries

2. Hostels, boarding and lodging houses

2. Shopping centres 2. Warehousing, storage godowns of perishables, hazardous, inflammable goods, wholesale mandis, junk yards

3. Night shelters, Dharamshalas, guest houses

3. Municipal, State and Central government offices

3. Workshops for buses

4. Educational buildings (nursery, primary, high school)

4. Colleges and research

institutions

4. Slaughter houses


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1 2 3 4

5. Neighborhood level social, cultural and recreational facilities with adequate parking provisions

5. Petrol filling stations 5. Hospitals treating contagious diseases

6. Marriage and community halls

6. Places of entertainment, cinema halls, restaurants and hotels

6. Sewage treatment plants and disposal sites

7. Convenience shopping, local (retail) shopping

7. Markets for retail goods

7. Water treatment plants, solid waste dumping grounds

8. Community centers, clubs, auditoriums

8. IT and IT enabled services

8. Outdoor and indoor games stadiums, shooting range

9. Exhibition and art galleries; Zoological garden, botanical garden,

9. Tourism related services

9. Bird Sanctuary

10. Libraries and gymnasiums

10. Motor vehicle repairing workshop, garages, storage of LPG cylinders

10. International conference centers

11. Health clinics, yoga centers, dispensaries, Nursing homes and primary health Centers.

11. Burial grounds 11. District battalion offices, forensic science laboratory

12. Public utilities and buildings except service and storage yards, electrical distribution depots and water pumping stations

12. Printing presses employing not more than 10 persons

12. All uses not specifically permitted in column (2) and (3)


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1 2 3 4

13.Nurseryand green houses

13. Godowns /warehousing of non- perishables

14. Services for households (salon, parlors, bakeries, sweet shops, dry Cleaning, stationary, tailoring, internet kiosks etc.)House hold industry with not more than 10 employees.

14. Bus depots without workshop

15. Banks and professional offices not exceeding one floor

15. Household industries if the area for such use does not exceed one floor and there shall be no public display of the goods

16. Bus stops, taxi stands, 3 wheeler/ auto stands, rickshaw stands

16. Consulates

17. Police posts and post offices

18. Parks and tot- lots

19. Integrated Township

2 Retail Commercial and Business Use Zone

1. Retail business, mercantile

1. Associated residential uses

1. Polluting industries

2. Commercial centers 2. Wholesale storage yards

2. Heavy, extensive, noxious, obnoxious, hazardous and extractive industrial unit

3. Banks, financial services,

3. Service garages provided they do not directly about the main road, Stock exchanges

3. Hospitals, research laboratories treating contagious diseases


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1 2 3 4

4. Perishable goods markets

4. Printing presses employing not more than 10 persons

4. Poultry farms, dairy farms, slaughter houses

5. Business and professional offices

5. 20 bedded hospitals not treating contagious diseases and mental patients

5. Sewage treatment plants and disposal sites, solid waste treatment plants and grounds.

6. Private offices, Institutional offices, Government and Semi Government offices

6. Weigh bridges 6. Agricultural uses, storage of perishable and inflammable commodities

7. Shops and shopping malls

7. Colleges, polytechnics and higher technical institutes

7. Quarrying of gravel, sand, clay and stone

8. Commercial services 8. Sports complex and stadiums. Zoological gardens, botanical gardens

8. Bird sanctuary

9. Restaurants and hotels.

9. Transient visitor’s homes

9. Sports training centers

10. Hostels, boarding houses, social and welfare institutions, guest houses

10. Places of entertainment, recreational uses and museums

10. District battalion offices

11. Convenience and neighborhood shopping centers, local shopping centers, weekly and formal markets, bakeries and confectionaries

11. Convention centers 11. Forensic science laboratory and all other related activities which may cause nuisance

12. Cinema halls, theaters, banquet halls, auditoriums

12. Religious places 12. Court


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1 2 3 4

13. Marriage and community halls, night shelters

13. Public utilities, telephone exchanges

13. All uses not specifically permitted in the column (2) and (3)

14. Clinics and nursing homes

14. Police posts and post offices

15. Petrol Pumps 15. Residential, apartment, group housing

16. IT and IT enabled services

16. Picnic Hut

17. Commercial

institutes, research and training institutes

18. Parking lots

19. Taxi stands, 3 wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands


3 Wholesale Commercial Use Zone

1. Wholesale and retail business

1. Truck terminal, bus depots and parking

1. Polluting Industries

2. Wholesale and storage buildings

2. Freight terminal 2. Large scale storage of hazardous and other inflammable materials except in areas, specifically earmarked for the purpose.

3. Commercial and business offices and work places

3. Warehousing, storage godowns of perishable, inflammable goods, coal, wood, timber yards

3. All uses not specifically permitted in columns (2) and (3)

4. Petrol pumps and service stations on roads of 12 meter or more ROW

4. Service centers, garages, workshops


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1 2 3 4

5. Godowns, covered storage and warehousing

5. Non- polluting, non- obnoxious light industries

6. Weigh bridges 6. Junk-yards

7. Bus stops, taxi stands, 3 wheeler/ auto stands, rickshaw stands

7. Gas installation and gas works

8. Parking spaces 8. Railway yards and stations, road freight stations

9. Restaurants 9. Banks and financial services

10. Public utilities 10. Associated residential uses, residential, apartment,

11. Police station/ posts, post offices

11. Government and Semi-government offices 12. Water treatment plants

4 Industrial Use Zone

1. All kind of nonpolluting industries

1. Heavy, extensive and other obnoxious, hazardous industries subject to the approval of the Jharkhand Pollution Control Board

1. General business unless incidental to and on the same site with industry

2. IT & ITES 2. Industrial Research Institute

2. Schools and colleges

3. SEZs notified by government of India

3. Technical Educational Institutions

4. Loading, unloading spaces

4. Junkyards, sports/ stadiums/ playgrounds

4. Recreational spot or centers

5. Warehousing, storage and depots of nonperishable and non- inflammable commodities

5. Sewage disposal works, electric power plants, service stations

5. Other non- industrial related activities

6. Cold storage and ice factory

6. Govt., Semi-govt., private business offices

6. Religious buildings


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1 2 3 4

7. Gas godowns 7. Banks, financial institutions and other commercial offices

7. Irrigated and sewage farms

8. Wholesale business establishments

8. Dairy and farming 8. Major oil depot and LPG refilling plants

9. Petrol filling station with garages and service stations

9. Gas installations and gas works

9. Social buildings

10. Bus terminals and bus depots and workshops

10. Workshops garages 10. All uses not specifically permitted in columns (2) and (3)

11. Parking, taxi stands, 3 wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands

12. Residential buildings for essential staff and for watch and ward.

12. Museum

13. Public utilities 13. Helipads

14. Hospitals and medical centers

5 Public & Semi- public Use Zone

1. Government offices, central, state, local and semi- government, public undertaking offices

1. Residential flats, residential plots for group housing and staff housing, Residential, apartment, group housing

1. Heavy, extensive and other obnoxious, hazardous industries

2. Universities and specialized educational institutions, colleges, schools, research and development centers.

2. IT services 2. Slaughterhouses

3. Social and welfare centers

3. Defense quarters 3. Junkyard

4. Libraries 4. Hostels, transit accommodations

4. Wholesale mandis

5. Hospitals, health centers, dispensaries and clinics

5. Entertainment and recreational complexes

5. Dairy and poultry farms, farmhouses


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1 2 3 4

6. Social and cultural institutes

6. Nursery and kindergarten, welfare center

6. Workshops for servicing and repairs

7. Religious buildings 7. Open air theater, playground

7. Processing and sale of farm products

8. Conference halls 8. Residential club, guest house

8. All uses not specifically permitted in columns (2) and (3)

9. Community halls, marriage halls, Dharamshala

9. Bus and Truck terminals, helipads

10. Museums, art galleries, exhibition halls, auditoriums

10. Parking areas, taxi stands, 3 wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands.

11. Police stations, police lines, jails

12. Local state and central Govt, offices uses for defense purpose

13. Educational and research institutions

14. Social and cultural and religious institutions.

15. Local municipal facilities

16. Uses incidental to Govt, offices and for their use

17. Monuments

18. Post offices, Telegraph offices, public - utilities and buildings.

19. Radio and television station



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1 2 3 4

6 Utility and Services Use Zone

1. Post offices, Telegraph offices, public - utilities and buildings

1. Service industry 1. Any building or structure which is not required for uses related to public utilities and activities is not permitted therein.

2. Water. Treatment Plant, Sewage Treatment Plant, Solid waste: Treatment Plant solid waste dumping grounds.

2.Warehouse/storage godowns

2. Heavy, extensive and other obnoxious, hazardous industries

3. Radio transmitter and wireless stations, telecommunication centers, telephone exchange.

3. Health center for public and staff or any other use incidental to public utilities and services


4. Water supply installations

4.Information/Payment kiosk

5. Sewage disposal works

5.Incidental/ancillary residential use

6. Service stations 6. Truck terminals, helipads

7. Cremation grounds and cemeteries/burial ground.

7. Commercial use center

8. Power plants/ electrical substation

9. Radio and television station

10. Fire stations

7 Open Space Use Zone

1. Specialized parks/ maidans for multipurpose use

1. Building and structure ancillary to use permitted in open spaces and parks such as stands for vehicles on hire, taxis and scooters

1. Any building or Structure, which is not required for open air recreation, dwelling unit except for watch and ward, and uses not specifically permitted therein.

2. Regional parks, district parks, playgrounds, children’s parks

2. Commercial use of transit nature like cinemas, circus and other shows



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1 2 3 4

3. Clubs 3. Public assembly halls

4. Stadiums, picnic huts, holiday resorts

4. Restaurants

5. Shooting range, sports training center

5. Parking areas, Caravan parks

6. Swimming pools 6. Open air cinemas/ theatre

7. Botanical/ zoological garden, bird sanctuary

7. Entertainment and recreational complexes

8. Green belts 8. Community hall, library

9. Bus and railway passenger terminals

9. Open air theater, theme parks, amphitheaters

10. Residential club, guest house

10. Public utilities and facilities such as police post, fire post, post and telegraph office, health center for players and staff.

11. Camping sites 11. Animal racing or riding stables

12. Yoga and meditation centres

13. Commercial uses center

14. Special education areas

15. Incidental/ancillary residential use

8 Transportation Use Zone

1. All types of roads 1. Way side shops and restaurants

1. Use/activity not specifically related to transport and communication permitted herein.

2. Railway stations and yards

2. Authorised/Planned Vending areas


3. Airport 3. Incidental/ancillary residential use


143

Sl. No.



by Authority


1 2 3 4

4. Bus stops and Bus and Truck terminals

4. Emergency health care centre

5. Taxi stands, auto stands, rickshaw * stands

5. Tourism related Activities

6. Ferry Ghats 6. All ancillary (complimentary) uses for above categories (subject to decision of the Authority)

7. Parking areas

8. Multi-level car parking

9. Filling stations

10. Transport offices, booking offices

11. Night shelter, boarding houses

12. Banks

13. Restaurants

14. Workshops and garages

15. Automobile spares and services, Godowns

16. Loading and unloading platforms (with/without cold storage facility), weigh bridges

17. Ware houses, Storage depots

18. Utility networks (drainage, sewage, power, tele- communications)

9 Agricultural and Forest Use Zone

1. Agriculture and Horticulture

1. Houses incidental to this use

1. Residential use except those ancillary uses permitted in agricultural use zone.

2. Dairy and poultry 2. Parks and other 2. Heavy, extensive,


144

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by Authority


1 2 3 4

farming, milk chilling center

recreational uses obnoxious, noxious and hazardous industries

3. Storage, processing and sale of farm produce

3. Wayside shops and restaurants

3. Any activity which is creating nuisance and is obnoxious in nature

4. Dwelling for the people engaged in the farm (rural settlement)

4. Hospital for infectious and contagious diseases, mental hospital after clearance from the Authority

4. All uses not specifically permitted in column

(2) and (3);

5. Farm houses and accessory buildings

5. Agro serving, agro processing, agro business r

6. Afforestation 6.-Cottage industries

7. Burial and cremation grounds

8. Service industries accessory to obnoxious and hazardous industries

9. Ice factory, cold storage

10. Godowns and ware houses

11. Soil testing lab

12. Normal expansion of land uses only in the existing homestead land

13. Solid waste management sites, Sewage disposal works

14. Electric sub station

15. Quarrying of gravel, sand*,clay or stone

16. Building construction over plots covered under town planning scheme and conforming uses

17. Brick kilns and extractive areas


145

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by Authority


1 2 3 4

18. Eco-tourism, camping sites, eco-parks, eco lodges

5. For notified forest lands only afforestation is permitted and Item no. 18 and 19 from column (3) are permissible by the competent authority

19. Special outdoor recreations

10 Water Bodies Use Zone

1. Rivers, canals I. Fisheries 1. Use/activity not specifically related to Water bodies Use not permitted herein.

2. Streams, water spring

2. Boating, water theme parks, water sports, lagoons


3. Ponds, lakes 3. Water based resort with special by-laws

4. Wetland, aqua culture pond

4. Any other use/activity incidental to Water bodies Use Zone is permitted.

5. Reservoir

6. Water logged/marshy area

11 Special Heritage Zone

1. Heritage interpretation center, art galleries & sculpture complex

1. Residential. 1. Use/activity not specifically related to Special Heritage Use Zone not permitted herein.

2. Public, semi-public.

2. Educational and research Institutions

2. Multistoried building

3 Recreational. 3. Social and cultural institutions

3. Multiplex, Shopping Mall

4. Theme Parks, Archeological Parks / Gardens.

4. Commercial. 4. Dumping ground

5. Amphitheaters.

5. Commercial activities 5. Sewerage Treatment


146

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by Authority


1 2 3 4

6. Open Air Museums.

6. Craft based cottage industries


7. Restoration of protected and enlisted monuments and precincts by the concerned authority only (ASI / State Archeology).

7. Hotels, guest houses, lodges, resorts

8. Auditorium

9. camping sites, special training camps

10. Hospitals & health centers

11. Multistoried Parking

12 Environmentally Sensitive Zone

1. River front developments

1. Apartment Buildings, corporate type housing adopting modern technology.

1. Plotted housing

2. Scenic value areas. Theme parks, yoga parks, sports centres and community recreational areas, International convention centre

2. Hospitals and health institutions

2. Small industries or small institutions

3. River side green areas 3. Educational, technical, research institutes of higher order

3. Use/activity not specifically related to Environmentally Sensitive Use Zone not permitted herein

4. Existing village settlements

4. Water Treatment Plant, Sewage Treatment Plant, Solid waste Treatment Plant solid waste dumping grounds

4. No development of any kind is permitted between the River/Canal/Stream and the embankment


147

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by Authority


1 2 3 4

5. Art academy, media centres, food courts, music pavilions


6. Parking areas, visitor facilities

7. Boating, Picnic huts, Camping sites Special Training camps

8. Existing residential or other uses.

9. Resorts, sculpture complex, lagoons& lagoon resort, water sports.

10. Tourist and pilgrim related commercial activities, hotels and lodges

11. Nonpolluting, agro-based and processing industries, Storage or Godowns for food grains

13 Urban Agriculture use zone

1. Independent residence, guest houses

1. Sewage treatment plants and disposal sites

1. Heavy, large and extensive industries, noxious, obnoxious and hazardous industries

2. Educational buildings (nursery, primary, high school)

2. Water treatment plants, solid waste dumping grounds

2. Warehousing, storage godowns of perishables, hazardous, inflammable goods, wholesale mandis, junk yards

3. Neighborhood level social, cultural and recreational facilities with adequate parking provisions

3. Outdoor and indoor games stadiums, shooting range

3. Workshops for buses

4. Marriage and community halls

4. Zoological garden, botanical garden, bird sanctuary

4. Slaughter houses


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1 2 3 4

5. Community centers, clubs, auditoriums

5. Planned Township Development

5. Hospitals treating contagious diseases

6. Exhibition and art galleries

6. International conference centers

7. Public utilities and buildings except service and storage yards, electrical distribution depots and water pumping stations

7. District battalion offices, forensic science laboratory

8. Nursery and green houses


9. Parks and tot- lots

10. All permitted activities in ‘Agriculture Use Zone’

14.2 General requirements

14.2.1 Restriction on permission

Without prejudice to any other stipulation in these bye laws, no permission to construct a

building on a site shall be granted:

A. In areas of natural waterways or drains, as detailed in the Development Plan, and

drainage plan as modified from time to time;

B. If the orientation of such building is not in harmony with the surroundings, as may be

decided by the Art Commission;

C. If the use to which the site is proposed to be put does not conform to the use


149

earmarked in the Development Plan;

D. If the building is to be constructed over or under a municipal drain, sewerage line,

electrical line, water main, any other government or public land, or public utility

services;

E. If the foundation of the external wall, along a street is located at a distance less than

1 meters from the .edge of the street or road margin including the drain;

F. As Jharkhand is located in Seismic Zone III and IV if the Structural Plans are not

prepared taking this into account.

G. In case of areas which get flooded, the Structural Plans are not prepared taking this

into account.

14.2.2 Requirement of Site

A. No building shall be constructed on any site on any part of which there is deposited

refuse, excreta or other offensive matter objectionable to the Authority. Until such

refuse has been removed there from and the site has been prepared or left in a manner

suitable for building purposes to the satisfaction of the Authority;

B. No permission to construct a building on site shall be granted, it the site is within nine

(9) meters of the highest water mark of a tank, unless the owner satisfies the Authority

that he will take such measures as will prevent any risk of the domestic drainage of the

building passing into the tank. Further the Authority may require, the floor of the

lowest storey of such building to be raised above the normal maximum flood level of

the adjoining ground or to such other level as the Authority may specify;

C. Wherever the dampness of a site or the nature of the soil renders such precautions

necessary, the ground surface of the site between. the walls of any building erected

thereon shall be rendered damp-proof to the satisfaction of the Authority;

D. Any land, passage or other area within the cartilage of a building shall, if the Authority

so requires, be effectively drained by surface water drains or other means;

E. If the foundation of the external wall along a Street is located at a distance less than 1


150

meters from the edge of the street or road margin including the drain;

The written approval of the Authority shall be obtained for connecting any sub- soil or

surface water drain to a sewer;

14.2.3 Distance from Electric lines

As provided in clause-6 .4 of National Building Code- 2005 no verandah, balcony Or the like

shall be allowed to be erected or re-erected or any additions or alterations made to a building,

within the distances ‘quoted below in accordance with the Indian Electricity Rules between

the building and any overhead electric supply line. The minimum distance from the electric

line shall be as per Table

Table 14.2: Minimum distance from electric line

Electric line Vertical distance in meters

Horizontal distance in meters

Low and medium voltage lines and service lines

2.5 1.2

High voltage lines up to and including 11, 000 Volt

3.7 1.2

High voltage lines above 11,000 volt and up to and including 33,000 Volt

3.7 2.0

Extra high voltage line beyond 33,000 Volt

3.7 (Plus 0.3 meters for every additional 33,000 volts or part thereof)

2.0 (Plus 0.3 meters for every additional 33,000 volts or part thereof)

14.2.4 Plantation:

In every building area, at least 5% of the land shall be covered by plantation (tree cover), but in

case of multi-storied buildings/ Group Housing / Apartment building/ Industrial/ Assembly/

Educational/ Institutional buildings, it is desirable that at least 10% of the land shall be’ covered

by plantation (tree cover). Internal gardens within the building shall be encouraged.


151

14.2.5 Means of Access

(1) Every building/ plot shall about on a public/ private means of access like streets/roads of

duly formed of width as specified in these byelaws or specified in the Master

Plan//Development/Zonal Plan/Scheme. The minimum width of the road/street required for

access to building in an existing colony not developed by any authorized agency such as

Regional Development Authority, Municipality, Housing Board, Co-operative societies,

Government and Semi government organization shall be as per below mentioned Table.

Table 14.3 Length of road limitation

Old Area

Sl.

No.

Maximum Length of the road in Meter

Minimum width of road of street in Meter

(i) (ii) (iii)

1 Upto 25 meter 3.6 meter or 12 feet

2 Exceeding 25 meter and upto 100 meter

4.8 meter or 16 feet

3 Exceeding 100 meter 6.10 meter or 20 feet

Note-On less than 20 feet wide roads the encroachment from both sides will be removed by measuring 10 feet from the centre line of the width of roads declared by or belonging to Road Construction Department Jharkhand, Municipa1 Authorities, Housing Board, Co-operative Societies, Government and Semi-Government Organizations In other cases maximum 10 feet land from such revenue plot on either side will be taken into account to make it 20 feet wide road and the construction falling in between the said width of road will be removed as an encroachment.

Similarly 8 feet and 8 feet land from each Revenue plot on either side will be taken into account to make it 12 feet and 16 feet wide road correspondingly

New Area (Residential)

1 75 6.10 (20 ft.)

2 250 9.10 (30 ft.)

3 400 12.20 (40 ft.)

4 1000 18.30 (60 ft.)

5 above 1000 24.40 (80 ft.)


152

Note- If the developments only on one side of the means of access, the prescribed widths maybe reduced by 1.0 meter each case. In no case, development on plots shall be permitted unless it is accessible by a public street of width not less than 6 m.

New Area (Non-residential)

1 200 12.20 (40 ft.)

2 400 15.00 (50 ft.)

3 600 18.30 (60 ft.)

4 above 600 19.40 80 ft.)

(2) Further, in no case the means of access shall be lesser in width than the internal access

ways in layouts and subdivision.

(3) No building construction activity shall happen on a road with a width of less than 12 ft.

(Including Road Widening) in old area.

(4) In case of areas notified as New Areas by the authority with the approval of the

department, no construction shall be allowed where the means of access is less than 20

feet.

(5) Unless and otherwise specified, development of plots shall, not be permitted unless it

is accessible by a public/private street with the width specified in these bye laws. The

width of the road may be increased in a master plan/development plan/zonal plan but

under no circumstance the provisions for width of road shall be less than the provisions

made under these bye laws.

(6) In case of institutional, administrative, assembly, industrial and other nonresidential

and commercial activities, the minimum road width shall be 12.20 meters.

(7) In case public land is not available for the road, the plot owners on both sides of the

road shall equally surrender their right over the land to the authority to accommodate

the road width. The centre line of the road shall be taken as reference for such

surrenders.

(8) While calculating the width of the street for the purpose of sanctioning the building

plan, the average width will be taken into consideration. The buil4ing plan shall be


153

approved on the basis of the average width of the road as notified by the authority.

(9) In case of a private road, which gives access to one or more buildings, the owner of the

said private road shall develop the road and storm water drain as required by the Local

Authority, and transfer the same to the Registered Residents’ Welfare Association for

maintenance.

(10) Access from highways/ Important Roads.-No premises other than, highway

amenities like petrol pumps, motels, etc., shall have an access direct from highways and

other roads designated by the Road Construction Department.

The Road Construction Department shall notify a list of road, which shall not provide direct

access to a specified class of buildings. The Authority shall maintain a register of such roads,

which shall be open to public inspection at all times during office hours and published on the

web site. These provisions shall, however, be subject to the provisions of the relevant State

Highway Act, and National Highway Act.

(11) The provisions of road width shall be strictly enforced. There shall be no

construction over the prescribed road width. Any violation shall be treated as an offence

under the Jharkhand Municipal Act 2011 in addition to provision for removal of land

encroachment under the relevant Acts.

19.3 Minimum size of plots and road width

(1) The minimum size of plots and road width for different categories of building is given in below

mentioned Table.

Table 14.4 Category wise size of Plots

Category Min. road width (m)

Min. size of plot in Sq.m.

Marriage Halls 12.20 1000 Cinema, Multiplex, Shopping Malls, Convention centers, Game centers,

18.30 2000

Social clubs and amenities 12.20 1000 Multi storey car parking 12.20 1000 Office buildings 12.20 300 Primary/Upper Primary school 12.20 2000 High School, Residential School 12.20 6000


154

+2 College / Junior College 12.20 4000 Degree College 12.20 6000 Technical educational institution 12.20 10000 Petrol Pumps/Filling stations 12.20 500 Restaurant 12.20 500 LPG storages 12.20 500 Places of congregation 12.20 500 Public libraries 12.20 300 Conference hall 12.20 1000 Community hall 12.20 500 Nursing homes/polyclinics 12.20 300 Hotel (below three star) 12.20 2000 Hotel (three star and above) 18.30 2000 R&D Lab 18.30 1500 Group Housing 12.20 4000

Note: (i) In exceptional cases the Authority may consider revising the minimum size of plot

with the approval of the Government.

(ii) The above (requirement) area of minimum size of the plot may be relaxed by 5% while

sanctioning the plan.

(iii) No high rise building (building with a height of 15 meters and above) shall be allowed on

a plot size less than 800 sq. meters.

19.4 Minimum setbacks & Height for non-high rise buildings

(1) The minimum setbacks and height of buildings permissible in a given size/plot for residential

in non-high rising category shall be as per below mentioned Table. The minimum setback for

commercial and mercantile buildings shall be as per below mentioned table.

Table 14.5 Minimum setbacks and height of residential buildings

Sl. no.

Average Depth of plot (In meters)

Building Height Upto G+2 Maxmimum-10m



Minimum Front set back (m)

Minimum Rear set back (m)





(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

1 Upto 10m 1.5 0.90 No construction shall be permitted

No construction shall be permitted

2 Exceeding 10m & upto 15m

1.5 1.2 2.5 1.8 No construction shall be permitted


1.8 1.5 3.6 2.0 4.0 3.0


155


2.5 1.8 4.0 2.5 4.5 3.6


3.0 2.5 4.0 3.0 5.0 4.0


3.0 3.0 4.5 4.0 5.5 4.0


4.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 6.0 4.0

8 More the 45m

4.0 4.0 6.0 4.0 6.0 4.5

Table 14.6 Minimum side setbacks for residential buildings

Sl. no.

Average Width of plot (In meters)




(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

1 Upto 10m NIL NIL No construction shall be permitted

No construction shall be permitted


0.75 0.75 1.5 1.5 No construction shall be permitted


1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0


1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5


1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0


2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.66 3.66


3.0 3.0 3.66 3.66 4.00 4.00

8 More the 45m 3.66 3.66 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

Table 14.7 Minimum front and rear setback for commercial/mercantile buildings

Sl. no.

Average Depth of plot (In meters) Building Height up to 15 m Minimum Front set

back (m) Minimum Rear set

back (m)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)


156

1 Upto 10m 4.5 2.0 2 Exceeding 10m & upto 15m 4.5 3.0 3 Exceeding 15m & upto 21m 5.5 4.0 4 Exceeding 21m & upto 27m 6.0 4.0 5 Exceeding 27m & upto 33m 6.5 4.0 6 Exceeding 33m & upto 39m 7.0 4.5 7 Exceeding 39m & upto 45m 7.5 4.5 8 More than 45m 8.0 4.5

Table 14.8 Minimum side setbacks for commercial/mercantile buildings

Sl.

no.

Average Depth of plot (In meters) Building Height up to 15 m Minimum Left set

back (m)

Minimum Right

set back (m)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

1 Upto 10m Nil Nil 2 Exceeding 10m & upto 15m 2.0 2.0 3 Exceeding 15m & upto 21m 2.5 2.5 4 Exceeding 21m & upto 27m 3.0 3.0 5 Exceeding 27m & upto 33m 4.0 4.0 6 Exceeding 33m & upto 39m 4.0 4.0 7 Exceeding 39m & upto 45m 5.0 5.0 8 More the 45m 5.5 5.5 Table 14.9 Open spaces around industrial buildings

Sl.

No.

Plot Size Minimum Front set back (m)


Minimum Sides set back (m)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 1 550 sqm to 1000 sqm 9.0 4.5 4.5

2 1000 sqm to 5000 sqm 10.0 6.0 6.0

3 5000 sqm to 30000 sqm 12.0 9.0 9.0

4 Above 30000 sqm. 15.0 12.0 10.0

Table 14.10 Minimum set-back for industrial building constructed over plot size upto 550 sq. m.

Sl.

No.

Width of Plot Minimum Front set back (m)


Minimum Sides set back (m)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 1 Upto 10 mtrs. 3.0 3.0 1.5

2 550 sqm to 1000 sqm 4.0 3.0 2.0

3 1000 sqm to 5000 sqm 5.0 3.0 3.0


157

4 5000 sqm to 30000 sqm 6.0 4.0 4.0

5 Above 30000 sqm. 6.0 4.5 4.5

19.5 Minimum setbacks for high rise buildings

(1) For high-rise/ multi-storied buildings, the open spaces around the building unless or

otherwise specified shall be as given in the below mentioned Table.

Minimum exterior open spaces around the buildings for all type of high rise Buildings unless

otherwise specified

Sl.

No.

Height of the Building Upto (m) Exterior open spaces to be left out on all sides in m.

(front setback) Side and back

1 More than 15 and upto 18 6.5 4.5



4 More than 24 and upto 27 9 6






10 More than 50 15 9

(2) In no case the minimum setbacks shall be less than those specified in Bye Law 37 for high

rise buildings in the mentioned category.

(3) In case of multi storied buildings the exterior open space around a building shall be of hard

surface capable of taking load of fire, engine weighting up to 45 tonnes.

19.6 General Conditions for Setback

(1) The minimum distance between two buildings will not be less than 1/3rd. of the height of

the taller building or 18m whichever is lower. However the minimum width of the internal road

shall not be less than 4.5 meters. In all cases, the width of such open space between the

buildings on a plot shall not be less than the setback specified for the tallest building subject to


158

a minimum of three meters within a plot.

(2) The setbacks/open spaces for other occupancies shall be as below;

A. Educational buildings - In case of educational buildings the open spaces around the

building shall not be less than 6 meter. The front set back shall be 9 metres.

B. Institutional buildings - The open spaces around the building shall not be less than 6 m.

The front setback shall be 9m.

C. Assembly buildings- The open space in front shall be not less than 12m and the other

open spaces around the building shall not be less than 6m.

D. Malls and Multiplex- The front set back shall not be less than 12 m, the rear set back

shall not be less than 7 m and the side set back shall not be less than 7m.

E. Commercial & Storage buildings - In case of plots with more than 1000 sq.mtr. area, the

open spaces around the building shall not be less than6.Om. The front setback shall be

9m. In all other cases it shall be as per below mentioned Table.

F. Industrial buildings - The setbacks shall be as per Below mentioned Table

G. Hazardous occupancies - the open spaces around the building shall not be less than 9

m. The front set back shall be 12m.

H. Slum Improvement- The setback norms shall not apply to slums taken up under an

approved programme of the Government subject to the specific sanction of the

Government.

I. IT, ITES Buildings-Abutting on 12 m RJW or more RJW the setback, height, number of

floors and FAR shall be applicable as per commercial building in respect of

corresponding road width.

(3) The setbacks shall be calculated on the basis of highest provision of setback mentioned

either in the above table or mentioned in these Bye Laws.

(4) The setbacks are to be left after leaving the affected area of the plot/site, if any, for

road widening.

(5) Where a site abuts more than one road, then the front setback should be insisted


159

towards the bigger road width and for the remaining side or sides, Side and rear

setback shall be insisted.

(6) For Plots above 300 sq.m a minimum 1m wide continuous green planting strip in the

periphery sides are required to be developed and maintained within the side or rear

setback.

(7) For narrow plots having extent not more than 400 sq.m and where the length is 4 times

of the width of the plot, the setbacks on sides may be compensated in front and rear

setbacks so as to ensure that the overall aggregate setbacks are maintained in the site,

subject to maintaining a minimum of side setback of im in case of buildings of height

up to 10 m and minimum of 2m in case of buildings of height up to 12 m without

exceeding overall permissible plinth area.

(8) The master plan/development plan/zonal plan shall also specify a building line for

various areas. The setbacks shall accordingly be changed without reducing the

minimum required setbacks under these bye laws.

19.7 Floor Area Ratio

(1) The Floor Area Ratio (F.A.R) for buildings shall be decided on the basis of the road width on

which the plot/site abuts as per below mentioned Table.

Table 14.11 Road width and FAR table for (OLD AREA).

Category Road Width (in meter)

FAR Floor Maximum Height

(in meter)

Conditions

Residential Non residential

0-I 3.60 (12 ft.) 1.5 Nil G+2 10

0-II 4.80 (16 ft.) 1.8 Nil G+2 10

0-III 6.10 (20 ft.) 2.50 Nil G+3, S+3

12 Parking shall be allowed on any floor. Under no circumstances the 0-IV 9.10 (30 ft.) 2.5 Nil S+5 18


160

0-V 12.20 (40 ft.) 2.5 2.50 Maximum Height 24 meter

parking floors or provision for parking shall be used for any other purposes. Mezaninine floors or any floor partition shall be computed under FAR and counted as a floor.

0-VI 10.30 (60 ft) and above

2.5 3.0 No restriction on height and number of floors however it may be regulated by the master plan/development plan/zonal plan.


161

Table 14.12 Road width and FAR table (NEW AREA)

Category Road

Width

(in

meter)

FAR Floor Maximum

Height (in

meter)

Conditions

Residential Non

residential

N-I 6.10

(20 ft.)

2.0 Nil G+3,

S+3

12 Parking shall be

allowed on any

floor. Under no

circumstances

the parking

floors or

provision for

parking shall be

used for any

other purposes.

Mezzanine

floors or any

floor partition

shall be

computed

under FAR and

counted as a

floor.

N-II 9.10

(30 ft.)

2.5 Nil S+5 18

N-III 12.20

(40 ft.)

2.5 2.50 Maximum Height 24

meter

N-IV 18.30

(60 ft.)

2.5 2.5 No restriction on

height and number of

floors however it may

be regulated by the

master plan/

development

plan/zonal plan.

N-V 24.40

(80 ft.)

3.00 2.5

N-VI 27.40

(90 ft.)

3.25 3.0

N-VII 30.50

(100

ft.)

3.520 3.5

(2) While sanctioning the plans on building with a road width of 12 feet and 16 feet the

Authority shall ensure that enough parking spaces for vehicles have been made within

the building and that the vehicles shall not parked on the road. Provisions related to

length of the road in Table shall be adhered to.

(3) Additional FAR up to 10% upto a maximum of 0.25 shall be allowed for dwelling units

meant exclusively for LIG/EWS in a group housing scheme.

(4) In ease of Educational, Institutional and Assembly building the maximum permissible

FAR shall be 1.50 for plots up to 1000 sq. m. and 1.75 for plots above 1000 sq. m.

(5) In case of transport related activities such as; railway yards, railway station, bus


162

stands, bus shelters, transport depot, airport, special warehousing, cargo terminals

etc. the maximum permissible FAR shall be 1.50,

(6) In case of Industrial buildings the maximum FAR shall be 0.5 for polluting and

hazardous industries. In case of non-polluting and household industries the maximum

FAR shall be 1.5.

(7) The FAR and Height of the building may also be regulated by the master

plan/development plan or the zonal plan.

(8) In case the plot is affected by a road widening and the owner of the plot voluntarily

surrenders the affected portion of his land to the Authority without any claim of

compensation or through a. TDR (Transferable Development Right) scheme

implemented by the Government the owner shall be entitled to build on the remaining

plot an area, calculated on the basis of the FAR as applied to the total area prior to

such surrender. Provided that the surrender of the land shall be effected by a deed of

transfer to be executed by the owner in favour of the Authority for widening of road.

19.8 Development and Sub-Division of Land

Use in relation to Development Plans.-

(1) Subdivision of land shall normally be permitted for the purpose for which the concerned

land is earmarked in the development plan. Such subdivision may be for residential,

commercial industrial, institutional or combination of one or more of this purpose or such

other purpose as may be considered conforming to the provisions in the development

plan: provided that in every subdivision plan spaces for roads, community facilities and

public utilities as specified in this part or such other facilities as the Authority may

determine shall be incorporated. -

(2) After a subdivision plan has been approved the Authority shall not permit construction of

a building on any of the plot unless the owners have laid down and made street or streets

and provided amenities as approved or transferred the land covered by roads, open spaces

or other public purposes to the concerned local body.

(3) Subdivision of land for residential purpose in green-belt use zone shall not be permitted

unless such sub-division in the opinion of the Authority forms a part of the normal


163

expansion of existing human habitation.

(4) The sub division shall conform to the proposals of the development plans.

14.2.6 Size of the plot and road width

(I) Minimum Road Widths for Subdivision in Residential Area: No sub divided plot will be

less than 50 sq.mt. However, the Authority reserves the right to relax in special cases such as

EWS housing. The size of the plot shall be according to the relevant sub-division of plot size in

the zones as per Table

Table 14.13 Minimum road widths for sub division in residential area

Sl. No. Length of road in (m) Min. width of road** (m)

1 Up to 250 9.0

2 Above 250 up 500 12.0

3 Above 500 to 1000 15.0

**For EWS housing scheme, the minimum road width may be relaxed.

Note-

(I) All junction of service roads shall have sufficient weaving angle. In no case it shall be

less than the space arrived at drawing a quadrant of a circle of 4.5m. radius at the

edge of the actual road lines leaving the width of pedestrian walks (foot path) and

the plot boundaries shall be rounded of by drawing a quadrant of the circle of 2.7m

radius at the edge of plot boundaries (see figure). It can also be provided but cut in

place of rounded corners is to be determined by the Authority.

(II) Commercial Business and Industrial.-The maximum length permissible for different

classification of roads in areas other than residential shall be as indicated in Table

roads in these areas shall be less than 12m in width.


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Table 14.14 Minimum road widths for sub division in commercial and industrial area

Class of Road Width (m) Maximum length permissible (m)

1 12 200

2 18 600

3 24 Above 600

The width of the Master Plan roads shall be as per the width prescribed in the Master Plan.

(I) Alleys- Alleys shall be provided in commercial and industrial areas except where

Authority may relax this requirement or when assured provision is made for service

access such as off street loading/unloading and parking coexistent with and adequate

for the use provided. The width of alleys where provided shall not be less than 6m. and

no dead end alleys shall be permitted unless provided with an adequate turn around

facilities.

(II) Junctions.- The layout shall be provided at the junctions of roads in such a way that as

far as possible all roads do meet at right angle, roads meeting at less than 450 shall not

be permitted unless adequate arrangements for the circulation of traffic with desirable

weaving length is available.

(III) Sub-division Bye-Laws for plots in Built-up area.-The sub-division of plots in existing

built-up areas, in which the greater part has been developed as a business, industrial

or residential area and which has been provided with all essential facilities like roads,

water supply, sewerage, electricity etc. the norms as laid down in these Bye-law shall

apply.

(IV) If the area to be sub-divided is less than I acre or 0.4 hectare than the minimum width

of roads and access ways for internal development shall be 6m. In case the plot faces

a road less than 6m. in width, then the plot boundary at the front shall be set back, so

that the distance from the centre line of road to the new plot boundary is not less than

3m.

Note- If the area to be sub-divided is more than 1 acre in that case, the layout has also

to be accorded by the concerned committee authorized by the Authority. If the area


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to be sub-divided is more than 1 acre or 0.4 hectare, then the minimum width of roads

and access ways for internal development shall be 7m. and shall be further subjected

to the provisions of bye-law. In case the plot faces a road less than 7m in width, then

the plot boundary at the front shall be set back, so than the distance from the centre

line to the new plot boundary is not less than 3.5m.

1. Area for development-Apart from the provision for amenities and open spaces, the

area for residential development shall be up to maximum of 50% of the total land area.

2. Park and Open Spaces.-Parks and open spaces shall not be less than 10% of the total

land area. This shall be relinquished to the Authority and if required, the Authority may

handover area over for maintenance to the residents’ welfare association or owner or

developer. If the site is not utilized for which it is leased out within a prescribed period,

it will be resumed back to the Authority.

3. Community facilities. - Community facilities shall be provided minimum 10% of the

plot area.

4. Exemptions

(1) In case of developable area for residential development is less than 50% by

providing for Master Plan roads or any other road or due to statutory reasons,

prescribed by the Authority in a layout, the applicant may be exempted from

complying with civic amenities reservation.

(2) For layout over 10.0 ha, commercial land uses such as Business offices,

shopping complexes and Retail up to 2-3% may be permitted, subject to

provision of separate access.

(3) For residential development upto 0.30 hectare of land, the requirement of

open space may not be insisted on.

5. Submission of layout plan- The layout plan may be submitted for approval to Authority

by the signature of the members of the concerned Society in lieu of

Secretary/president of the society. Even a single member of the Society may apply with

his signature, if he is authorized by all the members of the society for doing the same.


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19.9 Height of a building

(1) The height of the building shall be governed by the limitations of Floor Area Ratio,

open space (setbacks), and the width of the street facing the plot described as

detailed below:

(2) A. The maximum height of a building shall in no case exceed (1.5 times X the width

of the road on which the plot abuts) + the front setback. It shall be applicable only in

case of unused permissible FAR for plots abutting on road of average existing width

not less than 9.10 m wide.

(3) B. If a building abuts on two or more streets of different widths, the building shall be

deemed to face upon the street that has the greater width and the height of the

building shall be regulated by the width of the street.

(4) Provided that the roads on the other sides shall also conform to provisions made

under bye law 33.

(5) (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-bye law (1) the height restrictions

with respect to approach Funnels and Transitional area of Airport as detailed in

mentioned Table shall be adhered to. Any height restrictions imposed by the Airport

Authorities shall be adhered to.

(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Tables under sub- bye law (1), no Radio

Aerial, T.V. Antenna, Cell phone tower or such similar type of installations exceeding

52 metres in height shall be erected without prior permission of the concerned Civil

Aviation Authority/Airport Authority.

(7) No building structure or installation exceeding the height indicated in the said Tables

shall be permitted unless the applicant produces a ‘No-Objection Certificate’ from

the Airport Authority.


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Table 14.15 Height restriction with respect to approach funnels

Distance from nearest runway

end (In metres)

Maximum Permissible height

above the elevation of the

nearest runway end

Up to 360 0

631 to 510 6

511 to 660 9

661 to 810 12

811 to 960 15

961 to 1110 18

1111 to 1260 21

1261 to 1410 24

1411 to 1560 27

More than

1560

30

Table 14.16 Height restriction with respect to transitional area

Distance of the Inner Boundary of the

Transitional Area (Outer Boundary of the Air

Port) [Metres]

Maximum Permissible height above the

elevation of the airport reference point

[metres]

Up to 21 0

22 to 42 3

43 to 63 6

64 to 84 9

85 to 105 12

(9) Exclusive multistory parking blocks can be provided within the required setback area

without reducing the driveway for the fire tender to the extent of minimum 6 meters.

This will not be included in the calculation of FAR.


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(10) FAR shall not include

A. Basements or cellars and space under a building constructed on stilts and used only as

a parking space, and air conditioning plant room used as accessory to the principal use;

B. Stilt Parking

C. Exclusive Multi Storey Parking made only for the purpose of parking vehicles and not

put to any other use.

D. Electric cabin or substation, watchman booth of maximum size of 3sq.m. with

minimum width or diameter of 1.732 m., pump house, garbage shaft, space required

for location of fire hydrants, electric fittings and water tank, society room of maximum

12 sq.mtr.

E. Projections and accessories buildings as specifically exempted from the open

space/setback requirement.

F. Staircase room and lift rooms above the topmost storey, architectural features, and

chimneys and elevated tanks of dimensions as permissible under the NBC; the area of

the lift shaft shall be taken only on one floor.

G. 50% of the area of projected balcony as per bye laws 45(4) shall not include.

(11) Additional FAR may be allowed for Government Buildings/ Government Projects with

the prior approval of the Government.

14.2.7 Off Street Parking Space.

(1) In all buildings including Apartment buildings/ Group Housing, Hotels, Restaurants and

Lodges, business buildings, commercial buildings, Institutional buildings like hospitals,

Educational buildings like schools and colleges, multi-storied buildings/complexes etc.

and all other non-residential activities provision shall be made for parking spaces as per

the requirements mentioned in Below mentioned Table.

(2) The parking spaces may be provided in (for all schemes)

A. Basements or cellars


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B. on stilt floor

C. open parking area

D. exclusive multi-level parking or

E. Roof top parking in case of commercial/IT/ITES and corporate building

F. A combination of any or all of the above.

Any provision made for parking shall not be included in the FAR calculation.

Table 14.17 Parking space for different category of occupancies

Sl. No.

Category of building/ activity Parking area to be provided as percentage

of total built up area

(1) (2) (3)

1 Shopping malls, Shopping malls with

Multiplexes/Cineplexes, Cinemas, Retail

shopping centre and marriage halls and banquet

halls

35

2 IT / ITES complexes,. Hotels, Restaurants, Lodges,

Nursing Homes, Hospitals, Institutional and other

commercial buildings, Assembly buildings,

offices, and Industrial buildings and High-rise

buildings and complexes.

30

3 Residential Building, Residential apartment

buildings, Group Housing, Clinics and small offices

upto 50sqm.

25

Preparation of GIS Based Master Plan and Zonal Development Plan for Khunti (Jharkhand)

170

(3) Off-street parking spaces shall be provided with adequate vehicular access to a street

and the area of drives, aisles and such other provisions required for adequate

maneuvering of vehicles.

(4) If the total off-street parking space required under these bye laws is provided by a group

of property owners at a place for their, mutual benefit, such parking spaces may be

construed as meeting the off-street parking requirement, however, subject to the

approval of the Authority. The Authority may also decide to develop such parking spaces

and charge property owners to bear proportionate cost.

(5) Garage with locking facilities shall be included in the calculation of floor space for

determining the requirement of parking space, unless this is provided in the basement

of a building or under a building constructed on stilts with no external walls.

(6) The parking spaces to be provided shall be in addition to the open spaces (setback)

required around a building under these bye laws.

(7) Misuse of the area specified for parking of vehicles for any other use shall be summarily

removed / demolished by the Authority.

(8) For parking spaces in basements and upper storey of parking floors, at least two ramps

of minimum 3.6 m width or one ramp of minimum 5.4 m width and in maximum 1:10

slope shall be provided. Such ramps may be permitted in the side and. rear setbacks

after leaving meter .space for movement of fire- fighting vehicles. Access to these may

also be accomplished through provisions of mechanical lifts. The slab over which the fire

tender shall move shall be cable of taking the loa4 of fire engine, fire vehicle of at least

45 tonnes.

(9) Up to 10% of cellar may be utilized for utilities and non-habitation purpose like A/C plant

room, Generator room, Electrical installations, laundry etc.

(10) At least 15% of the parking space in group housing, apartment buildings shall be

earmarked for visitors. Such parking space shall be indicated by painting “Visitor’s

Parking” on the floor. The Visitors parking facility shall be open to all visitors and shall

not be settled with any occupant.

(11) All buildings with a height of 24 m and above will have parking space earmarked for

ambulance, fire tender and physically challenged persons. Such spaces shall be clearly


171

indicated by painting on the floor the purpose for which the parking space is reserved.

(12) Apart from use of Basement for Services/Parking/Storage, it may be used for other

activities like library, Study Room, Games Room and Laundry only in case of Residential

and Institutional Buildings.

14.3 Pollution Control Requirements

Industrial developments shall be designed and incorporated with pollution control facilities to

reduce and control pollution so as to minimize any adverse pollution impact on surrounding

developments.

14.3.1 Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 & Air

(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981)

As per the provisions of the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and (Prevention

& Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, any entrepreneur desirous of establishing a new industry

expansion of its existing unit is required to obtain “consent to establish” (NOC) from the board

before taking any steps for establishment/ expansion of industry. The Board has categorized the

small scale industrial units into 2 categories, namely Green category and Red Category industries,

taking into consideration their pollution potential loads.

For small scale green category industry, the Board has devised a very simplified application form

for obtaining “consent to establish” (NOC) of the Board for Green Category of industries.

Applications are to be enclosed with consent fee which is 50% of the prescribed for Red category

of industries. Applications for NOC for Green Category of industries are decided at Regional

Office level by the concerned Environmental Engineer.

For small scale red category industry, the applications for consent to operate is decided at Zonal

Office level by the concerned Senior Environmental Engineer. However some cases like brick

kilns, dry rice shelter cupola furnaces), heat treatment units (without discharge of any effluent)

are decided by concerned Regional Office.


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For large/ medium scale industries, the procedure is the same as the small scale red category

industries. But such applications are decided at the Head Office level.

14.3.2 Environmental clearances from Government of India

As per notification No. SO (60) dated 27 January 1994 as emended on 4 May 1994 issued by

Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi, any person, who desires to

undertake any new project or expansion or modernization of any existing industry which is listed

in schedule-I shall be required to obtain environmental clearance from the Ministry of

Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi. He will submit an application with the

Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi for this purpose.

The application made shall be accompanies with EIA/ Environment Management Plants etc,

prepared in accordance with guidelines issued by the Ministry of Environment & Forests from

time to time.

14.3.3 Revalidation of “Consent to establish” (NOC)

Every entrepreneur is expected to complete construction of the industrial unit and the

installation of the pollution control equipments within the validity period of one year of the NOC.

However, in case the industry fails to implement its proposed project within the validity period

of NOC, it will be required to get its NOC revalidated.

14.3.4 Hazardous Substances Control

Companies that import, store and use hazardous substances are required to obtain licenses/

permits from Pollution Control Department. Approval for transportation of hazardous

substances exceeding specified quantities have to be sought. The controls are to ensure that

preventive measures are taken to minimize accidental releases of hazardous substances into the

environment and emergency responses are to put in place to deal with all credible accident

scenarios of release of hazardous substances. The preventive measures can include: Containers

constructed and inspected in accordance with internationally acceptable standards are uses for

the storage of hazardous substances and affixed with approved labels; Storage areas are


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equipped with containment as well as disposal facilities to deal with any accidental release of

hazardous substances; Route and time of transportation are specified for the transportation

of hazardous substances exceeding specified quantities; Drivers of road tankers and tankers

carrying hazardous substances are required to undergo special training course on safety

requirements and precautions, first aid and fire-fighting and a refresher course once every three

years; The owner or consignor of any consignment of any hazardous substance shall notify

immediately of any accidental release, leakage or spill or hazardous substances during transport.

Under the obligations on the part of entrepreneurs under the Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.

It has been enacted to provide an insurance cover to the persons affected by the accident

occurring while handling any hazardous substance and for matters connected therewith or

incidental thereto. Every owner shall take out insurance policy providing for contracts of

insurance and renewed from time to time whosoever is engaged in the handling of any

hazardous substances.

14.3.5 Toxic Industrial Waste Control

Factories involved in the manufacture of chemicals will be required to install in-house treatment

facilities to recycle and reuse their toxic waste or to treat their toxic wastes before they can be

safely disposed. Pathogenic wastes are listed as toxic industrial wastes. Hospitals and polyclinics

are required to segregate pathogenic wastes and put in colored-coded plastic bags. These wastes

are then stored in special containers for collection by licensed toxic industrial waste collectors

for disposal in high temperature incinerators.

Operators of specialized toxic waste recycling, treatment and disposal plants would require

obtaining licenses to collect and treat and dispose toxic industrial wastes from industries. They

will also be required to obtain the necessary approval to transport the toxic industrial wastes

which are exceeding the specified quantities.


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14.3.6 Control of Land Pollution and Remediation of Contaminated Sites

When a site that is used for polluted activities is to be redeveloped, rezoned or reuse for a non-

polluted activity, a study shall be conducted on the site to assess the extent of land

contamination. If the site assessment study shows that the site is contaminated, the

contaminated site shall be cleaned up to standards acceptable for the intended use. Owners/

occupiers or the prospective buyers/ lessees may carry out the site assessment study and clean

up suing in-house or second party experts, subject to the approval from the Pollution Control

Department. When a site used for a polluted activity to be leased, transferred or sold to another

party for the same or other polluted activity, it is advisable that a site assessment study be

conducted to allow parties involved to ascertain extent of existing contamination. When a site is

to be developed for a polluted activity, it is advisable that a site assessment study be conducted

to establish the baseline soil conditions for future assessment of land contaminated.

14.4 Integrated Township

14.4.1 Large Projects

(1) Integrated Townships with minimum 5 Ha of land having access from minimum 30 m. R/W

road shall be allowed. The road shall have adequate provision for cycle track; footpath, covered

drain, plantation, street light and underground utilities.

(2) The integrated Township shall be permitted in Residential / Institutional/Retail

Commercial and Business Zones.

(3) Permissible land use within the township (%)

A. Residential - 35-50

B. Commercial - 10-15.

C. Institutional - 10-15

D. Recreational - 15-25

(4) Other bye laws for approval of Integrated Township

A. At least 20% of the total area, shall be reserved for parks and open space. It shall be developed

and maintained by the developer.


175

B. At least 10% of the site area shall be reserved for public and semi-public use and shall be

handed over to the Authority free of cost and the same shall be allotted by the Authority for

development either to the developer or others on lease basis. RCC structure for recreational uses

shall not exceed by 25% of total area of such uses.

C. The FAR shall be calculated on the total area.

D. Road shown in Development Plan shall be incorporated within the plan and shall be handed

over to the Local Authority free of cost after development.

E. The FAR and coverage shall be 3.0 and 30% respectively. However higher FAR can be allowed

if the road width is as per the provisions made for new areas.

F. At least 25% of the housing units developed will be earmarked for EWS/LIG category.

G. At least one of the major interconnecting roads shall be .1 8m wide and shall be open ended.

All internal roads shall be developed with pathways and street lighting with good design and

practices. Minimum road width with pathways of such roads shall be 12m.

H. All amenities shall be developed by developer and shall be handed over to Authority free of

cost through a registered gift deed with completion certificate to obtain occupancy permission.

The society/association may in turn enter into agreement with the authority for utilizing,

managing and maintaining the roads and open spaces. In case of any violation or encroachment,

the authority shall summarily demolish the encroachments and resume back the roads and open

spaces and keep it under its custody.


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15 Stake Holder Consultation


177

Documents

Master Plan, Lohardaga-2040. (Draft) Plan, Lohardaga-2040. (Draft) Client: Directorate of Municipal Administration, Urban Development Department, Jharkhand and Lohardaga Nagar Parishad