CHAPTER

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MASSACHUSETTS GRADE 7

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lesson 1 Rocks and Weathering   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8mathdo the Which Weathered Faster?   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Inquiry Skill: Control Variables   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

lesson 2 How Soil Forms   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Inquiry Skill: Form Operational Definitions   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Explore the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Answer the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

lesson 3 Soil Conservation   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Inquiry Skill: Observe   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . . . 26 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28• Hasta la Vista, Regular Concrete •  The Plant Doctor

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Weathering and Soil The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 What processes break down rock?

Vocabulary Skill: Suffixes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Scenario Investigation: In Memory of Winifred  . . . . . . . .6

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: In Memory of Winifred

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Investigating Soils and Drainage • Open Inquiry: Investigating Soils and Drainage

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Fast Can It Fizz? • What Is Soil? • How Can You Keep Soil From Washing Away?

Quick Labs: • Freezing and Thawing • Rusting Away • It’s All on the Surface • The Contents of Soil • Using It Up • Soil Conservation

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lesson 1Forces in Earth’s Crust  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Inquiry Skill: Make Models   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

lesson 2Earthquakes and Seismic Waves  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Inquiry Skill: Infer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

mathdo the Calculate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

lesson 3Monitoring Earthquakes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Inquiry Skill: Predict  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . . . 60 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64• Seismic-Safe Buildings • What Do the Toads Know? • Forensic Seismology

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Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

STEM Activity: Shake, Rattle, and Roll

Chapter Lab Investigation:

• Directed Inquiry: Finding the Epicenter • Open Inquiry: Finding the Epicenter

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Does Stress Affect Earth’s Crust? • How Do Seismic Waves Travel Through Earth? • How Can Seismic Waves Be Detected?

Quick Labs: • Effects of Stress • Modeling Faults • Modeling Stress • Properties of Seismic Waves • Measuring Earthquakes • Design a Seismograph • Earthquake Patterns

Earthquakes The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Why do earthquakes occur more often in some

places than in others?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings  . . . . . 32Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

STEM Activity: Shake, Rattle, and Roll  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

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lesson 1Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Inquiry Skill: Develop Hypotheses   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

lesson 2Volcanic Eruptions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76mathdo the Interpret Circle Graphs   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Inquiry Skill: Communicate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

lesson 3Volcanic Landforms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Inquiry Skill: Predict  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . . . 90 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94• Congratulations, It’s an Island! • A Dangerous Job• An Explosive Secret

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: Jane Versus the Volcano

Chapter Lab Investigation:

• Directed Inquiry: Gelatin Volcanoes • Open Inquiry: Gelatin Volcanoes

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Moving Volcanoes • How Fast Do Liquids Flow? • How Do Volcanoes Change Land?

Quick Labs: • Where Are Volcanoes Found on Earth’s Surface? • Volcanic Stages • Identifying Volcanic Landforms • How Can Volcanic Activity Change Earth’s Surface?

Volcanoes The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 How does a volcano erupt?

Vocabulary Skill: High-Use Academic Words  . . . . . 68Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Scenario Investigation: Jane Versus the Volcano . . . . . . . . . 70

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Labzone

lesson 1Fossil Fuels  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Inquiry Skill: Communicate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

mathdo the Interpret a Circle Graph  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

lesson 2Renewable Sources of Energy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Inquiry Skill: Infer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

lesson 3Energy Use and Conservation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Inquiry Skill: Observe  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .128 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132• How Low Is Low Impact? • Offshore Petroleum Engineer • Hydrokinetic Energy

Energy Resources The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 What are some of Earth’s energy sources?

Vocabulary Skill: High-Use Academic Words  . . . . . 98Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Scenario Investigation: Light Bulbs Can’t Use Much Energy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

CHAPTER

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Labzone

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: Light Bulbs Can’t Use Much Energy

Chapter Lab Investigation:

• Directed Inquiry: Design and Build a Solar Cooker • Open Inquiry: Design and Build a Solar Cooker

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What’s in a Piece of Coal? • Can You Capture Solar Energy? • Which Bulb Is More Efficient?

Quick Labs: • Observing Oil’s Consistency • Fossil Fuels • Producing Electricity • Human Energy Use • Future Energy Use

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lesson 1Water on Earth  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142mathdo the Analyzing Data   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Inquiry Skill: Observe   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

lesson 2Surface Water   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Inquiry Skill: Form Operational Definitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

lesson 3Water Underground  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156mathdo the Read Graphs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Inquiry Skill: Predict  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

lesson 4 Exploring the Ocean  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

lesson 5Wave Action  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Inquiry Skill: Form Operational Definitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .172 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176• A Pearl of a Solution • What Was Fort Miami?

Labzone

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

STEM Activity: I Wouldn’t Drink That!

Chapter Lab Investigation:

• Directed Inquiry: Water From Trees • Modeling Ocean Currents • Open Inquiry: Water From Trees • Modeling Ocean Currents

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Where Does the Water Come From? • Mapping Surface Waters • Where Does the Water Go? • What Can You Learn Without Seeing? • How Do Waves Change a Beach? • Bottom to Top

Quick Labs: • Water, Water Everywhere • Water on Earth • What Is a Watershed? • Modeling How a Lake Forms • How Can Algal Growth Affect Pond Life? • Soil Percolation • An Artesian Well • Ocean Conditions • The Shape of the Ocean Floor • Making Waves • Modeling Current • Deep Currents

Water The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 How does fresh water cycle on Earth?

Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

STEM Activity: I Wouldn’t Drink That!  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

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lesson 1Introduction to Environmental Issues  . . . . . . . . . . .190

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

lesson 2Introduction to Natural Resources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Inquiry Skill: Calculate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

lesson 3Conserving Land and Soil  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Inquiry Skill: Infer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215, 216

lesson 4Waste Disposal and Recycling  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Inquiry Skill: Graph  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

lesson 5Air Pollution and Solutions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Inquiry Skill: Communicate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

lesson 6Water Pollution and Solutions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Inquiry Skill: Design Experiments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .244 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248• Please Don’t Pass the Plastic! • The Big Uncool

Labzone

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

STEM Activity: It’s All Water Under the Dam

Chapter Lab Investigation:

• Directed Inquiry: Recycling Paper • Open Inquiry: Recycling Paper

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Do You Decide? • Using Resources • How Does Mining Affect the Land? • What’s in the Trash? • How Does the Scent Spread? • How Does the Water Change?

Quick Labs: • Environmental Issues • Comparing Costs and Benefits • Natural Resources • Land Use • Modeling Soil Conservation • It’s in the Numbers • Half-Life • How Acid is Your Rain? • Analyzing Ozone • It’s in the Air • Where’s the Water? • Cleaning Up Oil Spills • Getting Clean

Land, Air, and Water Resources The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 What can people do to use resources wisely?

Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185STEM Activity: It’s All Water Under the Dam

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lesson 1Animal Reproduction and Fertilization  . . . . . . . . .264

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264mathdo the Interpret Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Inquiry Skill: Calculate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

lesson 2Development and Growth  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268mathdo the Interpret Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Inquiry Skill: Interpret Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

lesson 3Plant Structures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

lesson 4Plant Reproduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Inquiry Skill: Infer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .276 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279• Special Delivery: Seahorse Reproduction • “Feet” of Engineering

Labzone

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: Mealworm Migration

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: A Snail’s Pace • Open Inquiry: A Snail’s Pace

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Will It Bend and Move? • Sending Signals • Hydra Doing? • How Do Snakes Feed? • Making More • “Eggs-amination”

Quick Labs: • Comparing Bone and Cartilage • What Do Muscles Do? • Design a Nervous System • Compare Nervous Systems • Webbing Along • Planarian Feeding Behavior • Comparing Respiratory Systems • Comparing Circulatory Systems • Types of Reproduction • Types of Fertilization “Eggs-tra” Production • Cycles of Life • To Care or Not to Care

Animal and Plant Reproduction The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 How do animals move?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings  . . . . 254Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Scenario Investigation: Mealworm Migration

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Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

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lesson 1Living Things and the Environment  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

lesson 2Populations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268mathdo the Draw a Double Bar Graph  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Inquiry Skill: Infer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

lesson 3Interactions Among Living Things  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276mathdo the Interpret a Line Graph  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Inquiry Skill: Classify  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .286 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290• Ecologist • Binocular Boot Camp • Bird Radio

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Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: That Can’t Possibly Work!

Chapter Lab Investigation:

• Directed Inquiry: World in a Bottle • Open Inquiry: World in a Bottle

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • What’s in the Scene? • Populations • Can You Hide a Butterfly? • How Communities Change

Quick Labs: • Organisms and Their Habitats • Organizing an Ecosystem • Growing and Shrinking • Elbow Room • Adaptations for Survival • Competition and Predation • Type of Symbiosis

Populations and Communities The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 How do living things affect one another?

Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Scenario Investigation: That Can’t Possibly Work!  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

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Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

lesson 1Energy Flow in Ecosystems  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Inquiry Skill: Classify  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

mathdo the Calculate Energy Availability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

lesson 2Cycles of Matter  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Inquiry Skill: Infer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

lesson 3Biomes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318mathdo the Interpret a Line Graph  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326, 327

lesson 4Aquatic Ecosystems  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Inquiry Skill: Communicate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .332 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336• A Lake Can’t Last Forever • Trees: Environmental Factories

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STEM Activity: River Works

Chapter Lab Investigation:

• Directed Inquiry: Ecosystem Food Chains • Open Inquiry: Ecosystem Food Chains

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Where Did Your Dinner Come From? • Are You Part of a Cycle? • How Much Rain Is That? • Where Does It Live?

Quick Labs: • Observing Decomposition • Consequences of Human Activity • Following Water • Carbon and Oxygen Blues • Playing Nitrogen Cycle Roles • Inferring Forest Climates • Dissolved Oxygen

Ecosystems and Biomes The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 How do energy and matter move through

ecosystems?

Vocabulary Skill: Prefixes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295STEM Activity: River Works

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Standardized Test Prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

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lesson 1Changing Ecosystems  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Inquiry Skill: Observe  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

lesson 2Humans and the Environment  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Inquiry Skill: Observe  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

lesson 3Biodiversity   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 Inquiry Skill: Calculate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

lesson 4Biogeography  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Inquiry Skill: Predict  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Study Guide & Review and Assessment   . . . . . . . .370 Review the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Apply the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Science Matters   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374• Endangered No More • Recovering From the Dust Bowl

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Scenario Investigation: Fantasy Food Chain

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Consequences of Human Activity • Open Inquiry: Consequences of Human Activity

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Populations • Can You Hide a Butterfly? • How Communities Change • How Do You Interact With Your Environment? • How Much Variety Is There?

Quick Labs: • Growing and Shrinking • Elbow Room • Adaptations for Survival • Bird Beak Adaptations • Primary or Secondary • How Do Humans Impact Ecosystems? • Consequences of Human Activity • Technology and the Environment • Modeling Keystone Species • Grocery Gene Pool • Humans and Biodiversity

Balance Within Ecosystems The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 How do natural and human activities change

ecosystems?

Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Scenario Investigation: Fantasy Food Chain

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. . . . . . 342

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lesson 1What Is Energy?  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380mathdo the Calculate Kinetic Energy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Inquiry Skill: Calculate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

lesson 2Forms of Energy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Inquiry Skill: Classify  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386, 387

lesson 3Energy Transformations and Conservation  . . . . .388

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Inquiry Skill: Infer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .394 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398• Charge It! • Power It Up!

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Scenario Investigation: Stuck at the Top

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Can You Feel the Power? • Open Inquiry: Can You Feel the Power?

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How High Does a Ball Bounce? • What Makes a Flashlight Shine? • What Would Make a Card Jump?

Quick Labs: • Mass, Velocity, and Kinetic Energy • Determining Mechanical Energy • Sources of Energy • Soaring Straws • Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 How is energy conserved in a transformation?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings  . . . . 376Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378Scenario Investigation: Stuck at the Top . . . . . . . . . . . 379

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lesson 1Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat   . . . . . . .406

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Inquiry Skill: Communicate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

lesson 2The Transfer of Heat  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Inquiry Skill: Infer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

lesson 3Thermal Properties   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Inquiry Skill: Calculate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

mathdo the Calculate Thermal Energy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .418 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422• Tornado Alley • Hurricane Warning

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Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: Where Is the Battery?

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Build Your Own Thermometer • Open Inquiry: Build Your Own Thermometer

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • How Cold Is the Water? • What Does It Mean to Heat Up? • Thermal Properties

Quick Labs: • Temperature and Thermal Energy • Visualizing Convection Currents • Frosty Balloons

Thermal Energy and Heat The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 How does heat flow from one object to another?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings  . . . . 402Reading Skills   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Scenario Investigation: Where Is the Battery? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

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lesson 1What Is Magnetism?  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 Inquiry Skill: Infer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

lesson 2Magnetic Fields  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Inquiry Skill: Observe  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

mathdo the Analyze Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

lesson 3Electromagnetic Force  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Inquiry Skill: Predict  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

lesson 4Electricity, Magnetism, and Motion  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Inquiry Skill: Graph  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

mathdo the Interpret Graphs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

lesson 5Electricity From Magnetism  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Inquiry Skill: Make Models  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

mathdo the Calculate Ratios  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .443 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447• Magnetic Pictures • A Shocking Message!

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Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: Is the North Pole Really the South Pole?

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Detecting Fake Coins • Open Inquiry: Detecting Fake Coins

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Natural Magnets • Predict the Field • Electromagnetism • How Are Electricity, Magnets, and Motion Related? • Electric Current Without a Battery

Quick Labs: • Magnetic Poles • Spinning in Circles • Earth’s Magnetic Field • Electric Current and Magnetism • Magnetic Fields From Electric Current • Electromagnet • Can a Magnet Move a Wire? • How Galvanometers Work • Parts of an Electric Motor • Inducing an Electric Current • How Generators Work • How Transformers Work

Magnetism and Electromagnetism The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 How are electricity and magnetism related?

Vocabulary Skill: Use Context to Determine Meaning  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424Scenario Investigation: Is the North PoleReally the South Pole? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

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lesson 1Electric Charge and Static Electricity   . . . . . . . . . . .450

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Inquiry Skill: Draw Conclusions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

lesson 2Electric Current  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 Inquiry Skill: Classify  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

lesson 3Electric Circuits   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456mathdo the Calculate Resistance and Voltage  . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Inquiry Skill: Make Models  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Explore the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Answer the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

lesson 4Electric Power and Safety  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461

Unlock the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 Inquiry Skill: Calculate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

mathdo the Calculate Current  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Study Guide & Review and Assessment  . . . . . . . . .464 Review the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Apply the Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467• Something for Nothing • Going Green

Labzone

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: My House is Wired!

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Build a Flashlight • Open Inquiry: Build a Flashlight

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Can You Move a Can Without Touching It? • How Can Current Be Measured? • Do the Lights Keep Shining? • How Can You Make a Bulb Burn More Brightly?

Quick Labs: • Drawing Conclusions • Sparks Are Flying • Producing Electric Current • Conductors and Insulators • Modeling Potential Difference • Ohm’s Law • Calculating Electric Power and Energy Use • Electric Shock and Short Circuit Safety

Electricity The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 How does an electric circuit work? 

Vocabulary Skill: Latin Word Origins  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449Reading Skills   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Scenario Investigation: My House is Wired!

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Science, Engineering, and Technology Skills Handbook

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lesson 1Science and the Natural World   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Inquiry Skill: Predict   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

mathdo the Create a Bar Graph   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

lesson 2Thinking Like a Scientist   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Inquiry Skill: Classify   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

lesson 3Scientific Inquiry   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Inquiry Skill: Control Variables   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

mathdo the Read Graphs   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 Explore the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Answer the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Study Guide & Review and Assessment   . . . . . . . .481 Review the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Apply the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485• When We Think We Know, but It Isn’t So • Ready for a Close-Up!

Labzone

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: Bias, Anyone?

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Keeping Flowers Fresh • Open Inquiry: Keeping Flowers Fresh

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • Is It Really True? • How Keen Are Your Senses? • What’s Happening?

Quick Labs: • Classifying Objects • Thinking Like a Scientist • Using Scientific Thinking • Scientific Inquiry • Theories and Laws

Scientific Thinking The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 How do scientists investigate the natural world?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Related Word Forms  . . 469Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469Scenario Investigation: Bias, Anyone? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

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Table of Contents •

Table of Contents •

Table of Contents •

Table of Contents •

Table of Contents •

Table of Contents

Labzone

lesson 1Measurement—A Common Language   . . . . . . . . . . .492

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 Inquiry Skill: Measure   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

mathdo the Calculate Density   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

lesson 2Mathematics and Science   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502mathdo the Estimation   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

Inquiry Skill: Calculate   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507mathdo the Sample Problem   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

Explore the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 Answer the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

lesson 3Graphs in Science   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 Inquiry Skill: Predict   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

lesson 4Models as Tools in Science   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 Inquiry Skill: Make Models   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

lesson 5Safety in the Science Laboratory   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522

Unlock the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 Inquiry Skill: Observe   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

Study Guide & Review and Assessment   . . . . . . . .528 Review the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 Apply the Big Question   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

Standardized Test Prep  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Science Matters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532• You Lost What?! • Smallpox on the Loose

Appendix, English/Spanish Glossary, Index  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534

Labzone

Enter the Lab zone for hands-on inquiry .

Scenario Investigation: Messy Data

Chapter Lab Investigation: • Directed Inquiry: Density Graphs • Open Inquiry: Density Graphs

Inquiry Warm-Ups: • History of Measurement • How Many Marbles Are There? • What’s in a Picture? • Scale Models • Where Is the Safety Equipment in Your School?

Quick Labs: • How Many Shoes? • Measuring Length in Metric • For Good Measure • How Close Is It? • What’s a Line Graph? • Making Models • Systems • Models in Nature • Be Prepared • Just in Case

Using Mathematics in Science The Big Question  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 How is mathematics important to the work

of scientists?

Vocabulary Skill: Identify Multiple Meanings  . . . . 488 Reading Skills  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489Scenario Investigation: Messy Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

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