MASS – amount of matter in an object

WEIGHT – amount gravity pulling on an object

VOLUME – amount of space an object takes up

MATTER – ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND VOLUME (TAKES UP SPACE)

Property of Matter

Tools Units Calculations

Mass Triple Beam Balance

Grams (g)

Volume Ruler

Graduated Cylinder

Solids = cubic centimeters (cm33)

Liquids = milliliters (mL)

Regular Solid – ruler (l x w x h)

Irregular Solid – Displacement w/ graduated cylinder (new – original)

Weight Spring Scale

Newtons (N)

• The building blocks of Matter• Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N).

• Consists of only one kind of atom (PURE)• Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means• Can exist as either atoms or molecules.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

ATOMIC NUMBER = # OF PROTONS IN ELEMENT

ATOMIC MASS = # OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS COMBINED

NUCLEUS = CENTER THAT HOLDS PROTONS & NEUTRONS

SHELLS = LAYERS OF ENERGY THAT HOLD DIFFERENT # OF ELECTRONS

Ions - atom or molecule with the # of electrons not equal to the # of

protons* Gives it a positive or negative charge

* Gains (-) = negative Loses (-) = positive

ISOTOPES – DIFFERENT VERSION OF AN ELEMENT DUE TO CHANGE IN # OF NEUTRONS • ELEMENT HAS A “PREFERRED” # OF

PROTONS & NEUTRONS = BASIC BALANCE• LIGHT ELEMENTS = SIMILAR NEUTRONS &

PROTONS• HEAVY ELEMENTS = MORE NEUTRONS TO

HELP STICK TOGETHER• TOO FEW NEUTRONS = UNSTABLE & BREAK

DOWN/DECAY AND RELEASE RADIATION

• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. • In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .

Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

• Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.

• Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically.

In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.

• Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.

• Uniform Distribution.• Example: Sugar and Water

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• The substance to be dissolved.

• The one doing the dissolving.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions .

• Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

• They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.

• Can be separated physically.

• Solutions are also mixtures.

• The substances are not uniformly mixed.

• Example: Sand in a glass of water.Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye.

Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

• Substances will settle over time.

COMPOUNDS MIXTURES

properties of atoms

propertieschange

propertiesunchanged

separate substances

cannot be easily

separated

can be separated by

physical means

homogenousor heterogeneous

does not apply can be either homogenous or heterogeneous

Close up view of atoms and their behaviorAnimated images are from

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

What Determines the STATE OF MATTER????

* speed, strength and attraction of the particles

SOLID – DEFINITE SHAPE & VOLUME

* VERY CLOSE PARTICLES * MOVE TOGETHER FROM PLACE TO PLACE

LIQUID – DEFINITE VOLUME, NO DEFINITE SHAPE* FAST ENOUGH TO BREAK THROUGH EACH OTHER* SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER * TAKE SHAPE OF CONTAINER

GAS – NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME

* MOVE FAST ENOUGH TO BREAK APART IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS * SPREADS TO TAKE SHAPE OF CONTAINER

PLASMA – NO DEFINITE SHAPE OR VOLUME W/ ELECTRICAL CHARGE * BEHAVIOR DEPENDS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCES * MOST MATTER IN UNIVERSE IS PLASMA

IONIZED GAS

GAS BEHAVIOR – SPEED RELATES TO TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE SAME -> PRESSURE INCREASE & VOLUME DECREASE

TEMPERATURE INCREASE -> PRESSURE INCREASE & VOLUME SAME

TEMPERATURE INCREASE -> PRESSURE SAME & VOLUME INCREASE