Masonry Details

Masonry Categories

Clay Masonry– made of burned clay, shale, fire clay or combo– shaped in plastic state– fired in kiln at high temperatures to bond mat’l

Concrete Masonry– made of dry portland cement, aggregates, water– compacted in forms by vibration– cured under controlled temperature & moisture– aging necessary for maximum strength

Clay Masonry Units Solid Masonry

– brick (standard)» can contain holes, called cores, up to 25% of area

» wide range of colors and surface textures

Hollow Masonry (exceeds 25% core area)– structural clay tile (shapes of concrete block)

Architectural Terra Cotta– flue liners– roof tiles– surface pavers

Concrete Masonry

Concrete Block– hollow– solid

Special Units– decorative– split faced– faced block

Why Masonry vs. Wood

Fireproof Durable Long lasting Good compressive strength Low maintenance Immune to termites & rotting No corrosion

Brick Sizes

Net vs. Nominal– Net - actual size of brick– Nominal - brick + mortar joint

Regional Size difference Mortar Joint

– joint between bricks– commonly 3/8”– range 1/4” to 1/2”

Brick Sizes

Brick Dimensions– width x height x length

Example– Nominal 4 x 3 x 8– Net 3-5/8 x 2-5/8 x 7-5/8

Brick Positions

6 possible positions– stretcher– shiner– header– rowlock– soldier– sailor

Methods of Stacking Bricks

Joint Terminology Mortar placed between layers of

brick/block– made of sand, cement, and lime– strength of mortar bond

» (High) M, S, N, O, K(Low)

Each row of brick is called a wythe. Two rows of brick is termed two wythe of brick

Joint terms– collar, bed, and head

Joint Finishes

Selected based on– appearance– shadow patterns– water drainage– surface

endurance

Brick Walls Cavity

– space between 2 wythe of bricks

– airspace– filled with grout & steel

rebar Grout

– sand, cement, and small aggregate

– sloppy solution poured in cavity

Concrete Block Block Dimensions

– width x height x length

Example– Nominal 8 x 8 x 16– Net 7-5/8 x 7-5/8 x 15-5/8

Concrete Block

Also called Molded Concrete Units Materials

– portland cement, sand, aggregates (90% by weight) and water

Cores– Air spaces in concrete block– Used for reinforcement/insulation

Compression strength– 700 to 1800 psi (pounds per square inch)

Concrete Block Types

Standard (8 x 8 x 16) nominal– Width variations

» 4”

» 6”

» 8”

» 10”

» 12”

Concrete Block Types Sash block also

called a Jamb block Width variations

– 6”, 8”, 10”, 12” Slot design

– slot on end allows for attachment of metal or wood door and windows frames

Concrete Block Types

Lintel– U-shaped piece for

use over windows & doors

Width variations– 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”

Concrete Block Types Bond block

– notch on top to allow for horizontal reinforcing

Width variations– 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”

Concrete Block Types

Cap or paving unit– Used to cap off the open unit at the top of a wall

Problems with Masonry

Efflorescence– surface discoloration– caused by water-soluble salts in cement which

are sulfates of sodium– and caused by insoluble carbonates from

continuous water penetration over a long period of time

– occurs during high-humidity and low-temperature conditions

– high chance happening with grouted walls

Construction Considerations

Masonry is poor in insulation (R) value– add rigid insulation or fill with insulation

Think Modular– all block and opening width dimensions are

multiples of 8”– eliminates cutting– reduces costs

Brick Representation in Section

Simplest Cavity Detailed

Which symbol used depends on office practice and/or detail scale.

Block Sections

A - don’t use B - military C-F - supported

by various organizations

Symbol used depends on scale of detail

Create the following details for sheet S-2:– 1/S-2– 2/S-2– 3/S-2– 4/S-2– 5/S-2– 6/S-2– 7/S-2

HINT: Look through the class architecture folder again!!!!!!