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MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
WALLS IN MASONRY; BONDING OF MASONRY
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I I
2018- 2019
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Prepared by: Asjad Badreldin Badawi
Walls in Masonry :
■ Historical Perspective:
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Walls in Masonry
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■ Historical Perspective:
Walls in Masonry■ Historical Perspective:
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Walls in Masonry■ Historical Perspective:
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Walls in Masonry■ Historical Perspective:
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Walls in Masonry■ Historical Perspective:
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Walls in Masonry
Introduction:
Masonry walls are the most durable part of any building orstructure.
The strongest part of any building or any structure for thatmatter would be the masonry walls.
Function:
They provide strength, durability to the structure and also helpsto control indoor and outdoor temperature.
It separates a building from outside world.
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls:
- Based on load bearing:
A. Load bearing masonry walls.
B. Non-load bearing masonry walls.
- Based on construction:
1. Solid walls
2. Reinforced Masonry walls
3. Hollow or Cavity masonry walls
4. Composite Masonry Walls
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls:
- Based on load bearing:
A. Load bearing masonry walls:
Materials: Load bearing masonry walls are constructedwith bricks, stones or concrete blocks.
These walls directly transfer loads from the roof to thefoundation.
Location: These walls can be exterior as well as interiorwalls.
Cost: The construction system with load bearing wallsare economical than the system with framedstructures.
Thickness: The thickness of load bearing walls is basedon the quantity of load from roof it has to bear.
For example a load bearing wall with just a groundfloor can have its outer walls of 230mm, while with oneor more floors above it, based on occupancy type, itsthickness may be increased.
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls:
- Based on load bearing:
B. Non-Load bearing masonry walls.
Walls that are only intended to supportthemselves and the weight of thecladding or sheathings attached.
Non load bearing walls provide nostructural support and may be interior orexterior walls.
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls:
- Based on construction:
1. Solid walls:
Solid walls are structurally bondedby metal ties, masonry headers orby joint reinforcement.
Where solid masonry walls are used,insulation and mechanicalequipment are often installed.
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls:
- Based on construction:
2. Reinforced Masonry walls:
Reinforced masonry walls can be load bearingwalls or non-load bearing walls.
Reinforced masonry is any type of brick,concrete or other type of masonry that isstrengthened or fortified with the use of otherbuilding materials to increase resistance todeterioration due to weight bearing or otherforms of stress.
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls:
- Based on construction:
3. Hollow or Cavity masonry walls:
Hollow or Cavity masonry walls are used toprevent moisture reaching the interior of thebuilding by providing hollow space betweenoutside and inside face of the wall.
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls:
- Based on construction:
4. Composite Masonry Wall:
These walls are constructed with two or moreunits such as stones or bricks and hollow bricks.
This type of masonry wall construction is donefor better appearance with economy.
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls: - Based on construction:
4. Composite Masonry Wall:
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls:
- Based on construction:
4. Composite Masonry Wall:
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Walls in Masonry :
Types of Masonry walls:
- Based on construction:
4. Composite Masonry Wall:
They are interconnected eitherby horizontal joint reinforcementor by using steel ties or bymasonry bonding .
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Bonding of Masonry
30/1/2019 22Prepared by: Asjad Badreldin Badawi
Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
1. STRETCHER:
■ A brick, laid with its length horizontal and parallel with theface of the wall or other masonry member is called a"Stretcher"
■ A course, in which, all the bricks are laid as Stretchers iscalled a “Stretching course" or "Stretchercourse"
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
2. HEADER:
■ A brick laid, so that only its end shows on the face of a wallis called a "Header“
■ A course, in which all the bricks are laid as headers, isknown as "Heading Course" or "Headercourse“.
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
3. BOND:
■ Bond is the arrangement of bricks or stones in each course,so as to ensure the greatest possible interlocking and toavoid the continuity of vertical joints in two successivecourses, both on the face and in the body of a wall.
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
4. COURSE:
■ Each horizontal layer of bricks laid inmortar in a brick work is called a "course".
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
5. BRICK BATS
■ The pieces of bricks, cut long their length and having widthequivalent to that of a full or half brick are called "Brickbats“.
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
6. QUEEN CLOSER:
Queen closer is a brick, which is half as wide asfull brick and is made by cutting a whole bricklengthwise into two portions.
These are generally used next to the Quoinheader for creating bonds in brickwork.
Quoin header:
A quoin which serves as a header in the face ofa wall and a stretcher in the face of the returnwall.
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
7. KING CLOSER:
A brick, whose one diagonal piece is cut off onecorner by a vertical plane passing through the centreof one end to the centre of one side.
8. BEVELED CLOSER:
A brick cut longitudinally along a vertical plane,starting at the middle of one end to the far corner.One quarter of the brick is cut off in this way.
9. BULLNOSE :
A brick with rounded corners is called a “Bull NoseBrick”
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used InMasonry
10. SQUINT BRICKS
These bricks are used to constructacute (>90 degree) or obtuse (< 90degree) corners in brick masonry.
These are special forms of bricks
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Walls in Masonry :
Some Important Terms Used In Masonry
11. FROG
Froged bricks shall have depressions in one or more bed faces buttheir total volume shall not exceed 20% of gross volume of a brick.
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Walls in Masonry :
TOOLS USED
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Walls in Masonry :
Tools used
Trowel
Plumb bob
Hammer
Spirit level
Mason square
Steel tape
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Walls in Masonry :
Tools used
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Walls in Masonry :
Tools used
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Walls in Masonry :
Tools used
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
1. Stretching Bond
2. Heading Bond
3. English Bond
4. Flemish Bond:
(i) Double Flemish Bond
(ii) Single Flemish Bond
5. Garden Wall Bond
(i) English Garden Wall Bond
(ii) Flemish Garden Wall Bond
6. Raking Bond
(I) Herring Bone Bond
(Ii) Diagonal Bond
7. Dutch Bond
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
1. Stretching Bond:
The bond in which all the bricks are laid as
stretchers in every course is called "Stretching
bond”.
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
2. Heading Bond:
The bond in which all the bricks are laid as headers in
every course of a wall is called "Heading bond".
This bond is commonly used for constructing footings of
walls and columns, corbels, cornices, etc.
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
3. ENGLISH BOND
This bond consists of headers and stretchers laid
in alternative courses.
It is strongest of all the bonds.
It provides rough appearance especially for one
brick thick walls.
There are no noticeable continuous vertical joints
in the structure built in this bond.
Much attention is not required in providing this
bond.
Progress of work is more.
It is costly because the use of brick bats is not
allowed.
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
3. ENGLISH BOND
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
3. ENGLISH BOND
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
4. Flemish Bond
The bond, in which headers and stretchers are laid alternately in
the same course, is called "Flemish bond".
Two types Flemish bond:
(i) Double Flemish Bond
(ii) Single Flemish Bond
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Header
Stretcher
Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
4. Flemish Bond
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
4. Flemish Bond
(i) Double Flemish Bond
The bond in which headers and stretchers are laid alternately in
each course, both in the face and back of the wall, is called
Double Flemish Bond.
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
4. Flemish Bond
(ii) Single Flemish Bond:
The bond provided in a wall with Flemish bond in
facing and English bond in backing is called
"Single Flemish bond" or "Cross bond".
This bond combines the advantages of both
English and Flemish bonds and simultaneously
eliminates their disadvantages.
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
5. GARDEN WALL BOND
This bond is used for constructing one brick thick
garden walls, boundary walls, and other walls
such as outer leaves of cavity walls to provide
good appearance.
Two types garden wall bond :
(i) English garden wall bond
(ii) Flemish garden wall bond
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
5. GARDEN WALL BOND
(i) English garden wall bond:
The garden wall bond in which a heading course
is provided after 3 or 5 stretching courses is
called "English Garden Wall Bond“.
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
5. GARDEN WALL BOND
(ii) Flemish garden wall bond:
In this bond a header is provided after 3 or 5 stretches in each
course.
This bond is also known as “Sussex or Scotch Bond".
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
6. RAKING BOND
It this type of bond alternate course are placed in different
directions to get maximum strength in the wall.
Two types raking bond:
(i) Herring wall bond:
(ii) Diagonal wall bond
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
6. RAKING BOND
(i) Herring wall bond:
The raking bond in which bricks are laid at an angle of
45 degree , starting at the central line and proceeding
towards the facing and backing of the wall, is called
"Herring Bone Bond“.
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
6. RAKING BOND
(ii) Diagonal Bond:
The raking bond in which bricks are laid starting from
the corner in parallel rows inclined to the facing and
backing of the wall is known as "Diagonal bond".
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Walls in Masonry :
TYPES OF BONDS
7. DUTCH BOND
This bond in which two stretchers and one header are
laid alternately in each course is called " Dutch Bond".
This bond is used in the construction of boundary walls.
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PRACTICAL
30/1/2019 58Prepared by: Asjad Badreldin Badawi
PRACTICAL:
■ Draw a detailed plan, elevation, section, and details for a6.00*4.00*3.00m room, using the following Bonds Types:
A. English Bond
B. Flemish Bond
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PRACTICAL:
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Hendry, Emeritus A. W. "Masonry Walls: Materials and Construction." Construction and Building Materials 15.8 (2001): 323-30. Print.
Bureau of Indian Standards. Handbook on masonry design and construction. New Delhi. May 7, 2013. Print.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry#Veneer_masonry
https://www.slideshare.net/LukeDArcy2/tutor-solid-wall-and-arches
https://www.slideshare.net/mohitishere/types-of-masonry-walls?qid=44511783-a399-47f9-bd26-c936910feb27&v=&b=&from_search=1
https://www.slideshare.net/richlux/masonry-part-2-f-09-1978409?qid=44511783-a399-47f9-bd26-c936910feb27&v=&b=&from_search=3
https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-masonry-walls/10800/
http://www.acivilengineer.com/2017/04/Masonry-Wall-Types.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry
https://www.slideshare.net/vigyanashram/types-of-construction-25907371?next_slideshow=1
https://www.slideshare.net/waghkundan123/bricks-and-bricks-work?qid=7039e901-6e65-422a-b9bd-ea97ec7644c6&v=&b=&from_search=9
https://www.slideshare.net/sathishsak/brick-mansonry?qid=7039e901-6e65-422a-b9bd-ea97ec7644c6&v=&b=&from_search=3
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REFERENCES