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MISSISSIPPIMary Beth Blasingame
History of Community Colleges in Mississippi 1908 – Mississippi Legislature passed
laws allowing counties to establish agricultural high schools.
1921 – 51 agriculture high schools in Mississippi
Early 1920’s - the agriculture model of high schools provide unsustainable forcing two schools to close and others to close their dormitories
1921 – Pearl River Agricultural High School began offering college classes
1922 – Mississippi’s Senate passed a bill allowing agricultural high schools to add two years of college work. Schools had to be atleast 20 miles from
University of Mississippi, Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical School (now Mississippi State University), Mississippi State College For Women at Columbus, and Mississippi Normal College (now University of Southern Mississippi)
Qualifications for teachers were detailed Entrance exams were required Library standards were set
1922 - Hinds County Agricultural High School began offering freshman courses along with Pearl River
1925 – Hinds offered second year college courses 1926 – Pearl River offered sophomore classes 1928 – Forming of Commission of Junior Colleges,
giving a small appropriation of money to these colleges
1929 – 13 junior college districts were formed 1929 – 1,248 students were enrolled in junior
colleges 1934 – enrollment totaled 3, 185 1949 – Coahoma Junior College was established
for African – American students 1954 – Utica Junior College also established for
African – American students 1987 – all of the junior colleges with the exception
of one changed their names to community colleges
History made in the U.S.
With the forming of the Commission, creating school districts and providing state funds Mississippi created the first state system of junior colleges in the United States.
Influential People Robert E. Lee Sutherland – Hinds County
Agricultural High School James A. Huff – Pearl River County
Agricultural High School These men thought of the idea to merge
agricultural high schools with junior colleges.Sighting that “This would keep enrollments up and
also enable rural students to take college courses that they would otherwise not have access to” (Fatherree, 2010).
• Julius Christian Zeller of Yazoo County introduced the bill to the senate that allowed for agricultural high schools to teach college courses.
Knox Broom – supervisor of agricultural high schools and junior collegesPushed to limit number of junior collegesHelped establish a state committee to
coordinate activities at the junior colleges.
Mission of Community Colleges
When the community colleges began in Mississippi their mission was “to provide a quality, accessible education for the state’s communities at an affordable price” (Fatherree, 2010).
This mission is still that of community and junior colleges in Mississippi
Colleges in Mississippi 15 public community colleges
institutions All but one began as an agricultural high school
All accredited by Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
8 public four year universities 12 private colleges and universities
4 private liberal arts colleges
Alcorn State UniversityDelta State University
Jackson State UniversityMississippi State University
Mississippi University for Women Mississippi Valley State University
University of MississippiUniversity of Southern Mississippi
Public 4 Year Universities
Private 4 Year UniversitiesBelhaven College
Blue Mountain CollegeBryson UniversityMississippi College
Reformed Theological SeminarySoutheastern Baptist College
Virginia College, Biloxi Virginia College, JacksonWilliam Carey University
Public 2 Year Schools
Pearl River Community College Poplarville, Ms. 1909 state’s 1st agricultural high school 1st school to offer college courses 1924 first public two year college in Mississippi Enrollment Fall 2011: 4,986 18 certificate of proficiency programs 26 Career Technical degree programs
Copiah – Lincoln Community College Wesson, Ms.
1915 founded as Copiah-Lincoln Agricultural High School
1928 the school began teaching college courses Enrollment Spring 2012: 2,381 49 degree programs
Hinds Community College Raymond, Ms. 1917 began as agricultural high school 1927 granted diplomas to its first graduating
class Largest community college in the state Approximately 32,000 students this year 170 + technical, academic and career programs
Holmes Community College Goodman, Ms. 1911 began as an agricultural high school 1928 1st year to offer college classes 52 academic programs and 19 Career/Technical Enrollment: Fall 2011 6,420
Mississippi Delta Community College Moorhead, Ms. Began as Sunflower Junior College in 1926 Fully accredited in 1928 50 + programs of study technical, career and
academic Enrollment: Fall 2011 3,283
Northwest Mississippi Community College Senatobia, Ms. Tate County Agricultural High School became
Northwest Mississippi Junior College in 1928 83 programs of study Enrollment: Spring 2013 7,485
Northeast Mississippi Community College Booneville, Ms. Founded in 1948 Enrollment: Spring 2013 3,097 93 academic, career, and technical programs
East Mississippi Community College Scooba, Ms. 1st began as Kemper County Agricultural High
School in 1912 1927 changed to a junior college Offers 25 career and technical programs Enrollment: Approximately 1,000
Coahoma Community College Clarksdale, Ms. 1924 Coahoma County was the 1st county in
Mississippi to provide an agricultural high school for African-Americans.
1949 school introduced college courses and changed name to Coahoma Community College
1950 became the first educational institution for African-Americans to be included in Mississippi's system of public junior colleges
1965 allowed for students of other races to attend
Enrollment: Fall 2011 3,000 55 degree programs
Itawamba Community College Fulton, Ms. In 1948 formed as an extension of Itawamba Agricultural
High School 76 programs of study offered in technical, career, and
academic Enrollment: Fall 2009 7,596
Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College Perkinston, Ms. Originally began as Harrison County Agricultural High
School and in 1925 began offering junior college courses 1962 adopted the name Mississippi Gulf Coast Junior
College Enrollment: 2011-2012 34,951 total students 67 programs of study in technical, career, and academic
Jones County Junior College Ellisville, Ms. 1927 Jones County Agricultural High School
became Jones Junior College Total of 96 career, technical, and academic
programs of study Enrollment Fall 2012: 4,589
Southwest Mississippi Community College Summit, Ms. 1918 started as Pike County Agricultural High
School 1929 began introducing college courses and 1988
started going by Southwest Mississippi Community College
Enrollment Fall 2011: 2,128
Meridian Community College Meridian, Ms. The school began as the 13th and 14th grades at
Meridian High School in 1937 Meridian Junior College operated out of the high
school until 1964 1970 merged with T.J. Harris Junior College Offers 50 programs ranging from associates
degrees to certificates Enrollment Fall 2012: 4,019
East Central Community College Decatur, Ms. Formed in 1928 Enrollment Fall 2011: 2,394 Offer academic transfer courses, career and
technical programs and adult education classes
Students Enrolled in Mississippi’s
Community Colleges
Full time: 60,032
Part-time: 22,376
Total: 82,408
Females: 50,567Males: 31,832
American Indian/Alaska Native: 584 Asian/Pacific Islander: 466Black, non-Hispanic: 29,514Hispanic: 609Non-resident Alien: 590White, non Hispanic: 49,007Race unknown: 1,629
National Graduation Rate compared toMississippi Community College Rate
2007
Gra
duat
ion R
ate
2006
Gra
duat
ion R
ate
2005
Gra
duat
ion R
ate
2004
Gra
duat
ion R
ate
0
10
20
30
40
50
National AvgMSCJC
Faculty
2011 Faculty Numbers
Coahoma 223Copiah-Lincoln 125East Central 209East Mississippi 535Hinds 1181Holmes 374Itawamba 890Jones 342Meridian 334MS Delta 227MS Gulf Coast 794Northeast 282Northwest 478Pearl River 518Southwest Miss. 151
Student Teacher Ratios
Coahoma 28:1Copiah-Lincoln 14:1East Central 25:1East Mississippi 20:1Hinds 20:1Holmes 25:1Itawamba 31:1Jones 21:1Meridian 18:1MS Delta 20:1MS Gulf Coast 21:1Northeast 23:1Northwest 19:1Pearl River 16:1Southwest Miss. 24:1
Student to Faculty
Average Faculty Salary 2010 2011Coahoma 41,599 42,273
Copiah-Lincoln 47,216 48,830
East Central 47,919 52,621
East Mississippi 50,107 50,229
Hinds 46,096 46,159
Holmes 53,442 53,443
Itawamba 56,417 58,228
Jones 52,240 52,366
Meridian 41,801 41,737
MS Delta 47,961 49,958
MS Gulf Coast 42,302 42,642
Northeast 51,503 52,021
Northwest 50,695 50,491
Pearl River 56,224 56,687
Southwest Miss. 53,124 53,129
Collective Bargaining “Mississippi is among those states
— many in the South — where most government employees do not have the right to collective bargaining” (Pettus & Scelzig, 2011)
“Mississippi Alliance of State Employees, which has no bargaining power but provides a voice for state government workers to air their concerns before the governor and Legislature” (Pettus & Scelzig, 2011).
Governance and Administration Mississippi Commission of College
Accreditation – has the authority to approve all institutions or other entities that provide one or more postsecondary academic degrees that are domicile, incorporate and located in Mississippi.
Mississippi Department of Education requires colleges and universities to maintain accreditation by Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), Commission on Colleges and to actively pursue accreditation in all possible programs
Academic Productivity Review Board
Responsible for: Ensuring effective use of State
resources Reduce unnecessary academic
program duplication Eliminate unproductive
programs
Governing Bodies Schools are required to
submit organizational charts to the Board of Trustees with the Mississippi Department of Education and Office of Academic and Student Affairs
Charts must detail non-academic positions and academic positions
Mississippi Community College Board Office of Career and Technical
Education responsible for Assisting in evaluation of programs with deans
and other personnel Reimbursement process for state upgraded
equipment Salaries for career and technical personnel Reviews requests for new programs, deletion
and modification of existing programs Liaison between Community and Junior College
Deans, Mississippi Department of Education and the Research and Curriculum Unit
Finance A report performed by the State Board of
Trustees compared state appropriations of general funds in public 4 year universities and 2 year community colleges and the Institutions of Higher Learning System (IHL)
2012 Fiscal Year community colleges received 4.34%, 4 year universities 44.77% and IHL received 12.65% totaling 61.77% of the general funds being spent on education
2013 Fiscal Year Community Colleges 4.15%, 4 year
universities 42.70% and IHL 11.03%
State Awarded Financial Aid Undergraduate Grants
16%
73%
11% 2-Year Pub-lic4-Year Pub-lic
Awar
d Amount
2-Year Public
7,767
$3,750,142
4-Year Public
15,193
16,117,836
4-Year Private
2,3682,475,28
3Out of State
0 $ -
Total25,38
222,163,2
61 73%
17%
10%
2-Year Public 4-Year Public 4-Year Private
Student Loans
Award Amount
2-Year Public 0 $ -4-Year Public 915
$4,535,605
4-Year Private 220 1,048,174Out-of-State or Loan Servicer 211 604,879
Total1,34
6 6,188,658
Financial Aid Mississippi Community College
Foundation Provides support for the Mississippi
Community College Board, junior and community colleges
Provided and still provides opportunities through funding for faculty members to upgrade degrees
Extensive research on workforce needs to better inform and train students at community colleges
Provides funding for local initiative at community colleges to support Entrepreneurial Alliance. This alliance enables businesses to rely on community colleges for resources.
Offers leadership programs and scholarships
Community
Colleges
In State Tuition
Out of State Universities In
State Out of State
Coahoma 950 2,400 Alcorn State 2,856 7,032
Copiah-Lincoln
975 1,875 Delta State 3,006 4,200
East Central
895 1,945 Jackson State 2,994 7,338
East Mississippi
1,025 2,050 Miss. State 6,264 15,828
Hinds 980 2,280 Ms University for Women
2,658 7,242
Holmes 925 2,215 Miss. Valley 2,814 7,038
Itawamba 950 1,825 Univ. of Miss. 6,600 17,568
Jones County
1,074 2,074 Univ. of Southern Miss.
3,168 7,224
Meridian 1,000 1,690
Mississippi Delta
1,165 1,964
Miss. Gulf Coast
1,150 2,073
Northeast Miss.
1,050 2,100
Northwest Miss.
975 1,975
Pearl River
1,000 2,199
Southwest Miss.
975 2,325
Community and Junior College Revenue by Source Fiscal Year 2011
Revenue Source
Amount Percentage
General Fund $168,422,707 30.5%
Education Enhancement
30,272,370 5.5
ARRA SFSF Gov’t Services
20,041,550 3.6
Indirect State 45,637,080 8.3
Federal 35,633,995 6.4
Student Fees 196,864,615 35.6
District Taxes 50,808,246 9.2
Other Revenue 4,853,888 0.9
Total Revenue $552,534,451 100.0%
Community and Junior College Source of Expenditures by Program FY 2011
Expenditures by Program
Amount Percentage
Academic Instruction $163,570,862 29.6%
Career-Technical Instruction
84,559,441 15.3
Other Instruction 63,135,924 11.4
Total Instruction 311,266,227 56.3
Instructional Support 19,855,800 3.6
Student Services 62,566,462 11.3
Institutional Support 81,098,497 14.7
Physical Plant 77,747.465 14.1
Total E & G Expenditures
552,534,451 100%
Vocational Programs There are 130 + vocational
and technical programs in the state of Mississippi
All 15 community colleges are workforce centers providing credit and noncredit education to people seeking skilled jobs.
Vocational Education Office of Career and Technical Education and
Workforce Development is a division of Mississippi Department of Education
It’s duty is to help train a qualified workforce to ensure students are ready for competitive jobs.
Partner with local business leaders and legislature to attain common goals
2010-2011 MCCB Annual Report noted 21,467 students were enrolled in Career and Technical Programs at community and junior colleges in 2010 and 21,97 in fall of 2009.
Career and Technical EducationOffice of Career Readiness – Miss. Community
College BoardImplemented the Exemplary Teaching Program
Evaluates the quality of teaching and learning in vocational programs
Provide Mississippi Career Readiness Certificate This certificate was implemented in Mississippi to
help people seeking careers improve skills necessary for the workforce.
Verifies cognitive skills
Development EducationGeneral Education Development (GED)
Available for adults that did not complete high school Testing is administered by the Mississippi Community
College Board “For FY 2011, 14,753 GED test booklets were scored
and 12,217 transcripts were issued. Approximately 13,483 individuals completed the entire GED best battery with 7,882 receiving a GED credential/diploma. For the fall 2010 semester, there were 9,219 students who were admitted in community and junior colleges via a GED diploma” (2010-2011 Annual Report,15).
3,858 people earned their GED and 627 continued on to postsecondary education or training
Adult EducationServices or instruction below the postsecondary level for individuals who:
1. 16 years of age or older 2. Are not enrolled or required to be enrolled in
secondary school under State law3. Lack sufficient mastery of basic educational
skills to enable the individuals to function effectively in society
4. Do not have a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent
5. have not achieved an equivalent level of education; or are unable to speak, read, or write the English language
Adult Education28 basic education programs offered
in FY 2011 All 15 community and junior colleges
offer classes 9 programs are in public schools, 1 program in a community based-
organization 1 in a university 2 in correctional institutions
1,923 people participated in adult education classes
Community Education
Mississippi’s junior and community colleges all come from community’s involvement in the desire to further knowledge of agriculture to better the regions in which the people lived.
Mississippi community colleges have partnerships with one another, local and large scale business to ensure continued growth in the economy.
Hinds Community College
Small Business Development Center and International Trade CenterSupported by Hinds Community College
Help small business in surrounding counties prosper
Partnership with U.S. Small Business Administration
MS Gulf Coast Community Campus
Affordable and flexible training programs
Enhance workforce, job growth, job retention rate in the four surrounding counties Gulfport.
Enable South Mississippi to grow through industry partnerships
Collegiate Education Graduation Rate Task Force examines
Articulation and Transfer Graduation and Retention Rates Student and Mental Health Services
Two studies conducted by GRTF in order to better analyze where Mississippi needs to improve in retention, graduating and student services
GRTF’s Findings Mississippi is behind the nation and many
countries in education attainment In order for Miss. to reach the national average
the state must produce an additional 147,144 associate and bachelor’s degrees by 2025 or 962 additional degree each year
Mississippi ranks 45th in the U.S. in percentage of high school graduates
Ranks 49th among the states in the percentage of the population ages 25-64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher.
Ranks 29th in getting students through to atleast an associate degree.
More findings… “Only 12% of African Americans have a bachelor’s degree
or higher compared to 24% of Whites. If all minority groups had the same educational attainment as Whites, the annual personal income in Mississippi would be $7 billion higher” (Graduation Rate Task Force Executive Summary, p. 33).
“Mississippi Community and Junior Colleges (CJCs) award more associate degrees per 1,000 adults age 18-44 with no college degree than the national average, but awards substantially fewer postsecondary certificates and diplomas than the national average. This reflects the historic emphasis of CJCs on college transfer associate degrees as opposed to short term workforce certification”(Graduation Rate Task Force Executive Summary, p. 41).
Student Graduation rates by campusPublic two year colleges
Copiah-Lincoln CommunityCollege
East Central Community College
Meridian Community College
Southwest Mississippi Community College
Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College
Coahoma Community College
Mississippi Delta Community College
Northwest Mississippi Community College
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Student Graduation Rates at 4 Year Public Universities in Mississippi
Mississippi Valley State University
Alcorn State University
Mississippi Universiy for Women
University of Southern Miss.
Delta State University
Jackson State University
University of Miss.
Mississippi State
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
In the Fall of 2012 4,916 students that previously attended a community college in Mississippi
transferred to one of the eight public 4 year
institutions.
ASU DSU JSU MSU MUW MVSU UM USM TOTAL
Coahoma 3 73 21 5 7 31 18 6 164
Copiah-Lincoln 60 6 45 46 7 0 9 90 263
East Central 3 7 30 113 12 0 11 26 202
East Mississippi 2 7 8 187 115 0 15 14 348
Hinds 39 25 204 105 58 1 31 79 542
Holmes 7 25 83 126 29 6 73 22 371
Itawamba 2 17 13 159 72 0 250 20 533
Jones County 0 1 6 94 5 0 22 273 401
Meridian 0 1 11 90 34 0 15 43 194
Ms. Delta 5 68 6 15 21 54 15 7 191
Ms. Gulf Coast 2 3 0 102 15 0 32 492 646
Northeast Miss. 0 6 1 87 24 1 109 4 232
Northwest Ms. 2 36 7 75 30 3 299 22 474
Pearl River 0 0 7 15 3 0 4 223 252
Southwest Ms. 8 0 8 16 6 1 6 58 103
Total 133 275 450 1,235 1,235 438 97 1,379 4,916
References Complete College America. (2011). Mississippi 2011. Retrieved From:
http://www.completecollege.org/docs/Mississippi.pdf Fatherree,, B.H. (2010, March). The Community and Junior College
System in Mississippi: A Brief History of its Origin and Development. Mississippi History Now. Retrieved From: http://mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us
Graduation Rate Task Force. (2009). Graduation Rate Task Force Executive Summary. Retrieved From: http://www.ihl.state.ms.us/graduation/downloads/grtf_report_100120.pdf
Mississippi Community College Board. (2012). 2010-2011 Annual Report. Retrieved From: http://www.sbcjc.cc.ms.us/pdfs/pb/FY2011AnnualReport.pdf
Mississippi Community College Board. (2010). 9-10 month equivalent full-time faculty salaries fiscal years 2006-2011 estimated. Community and Junior College Financial Data. Retrieved From: http://www.sbcjc.cc.ms.us/pdfs/fn/avgsalfy06-11.pdf
Mississippi Department of Education. (2012) 2012 Annual Report of the State Financial Aid Programs. Retrieved From: http://www.mississippi.edu/pg2c/glomer/upload_repo/files/Annual%20Report_12.pdf
References Pettus, E. W., & Scelzig, E. (2011).
Union bargaining a dream for many state workers. U.S. Business on NBC News.com. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com