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MartinLutherKING
Alan C. McLean
Oxford BookwormsFactfiles
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORDUNIVERSITY PRESS
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© Oxford University Press 2001
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First published 2001Second impression 2003
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Any wcbsites referred to in this publicatioll arc in the
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University Press disclaims any responsibility for thecontent.
ISBN O 19423363 4
Printed in Hong Kong
OXFORD BOOKWORMS
For a full list of titles in ali the Oxford Rookworms series, please refer to the Oxford English catalogue.
Oxford Bookworms Facdiles
Original readers giving varied and
interesting information abollt a
range of non-fiction topics.Titles available include:
Stage 1 (400 headwords)
Animals in Danger Andy !-Io/lkinsand joe Potter
Diana, Princess of Wales Tim Vicary
Flight Michael Dean
Kings and Queens of Rritain
Tim Vicary
London john Escott
New York John EscottScotland Steve F1inders
Titanic Tim Vicary
Stage 2 (700 headwords)Football Steve FIi1,ders
Forty Years of Pop Steve Flinders
Ireland Tim Vieary
Oxford Andy !-Iopkins and
Joe Potter
Polluti0l1 Rosemary Border
Rainforests ROtUena AkinyemiSeasons and Celebra tions
jackie MaguireUFOs /-Ielen Brcoke
Under the Ground Rosemary Border
Stage 3 (1000 headwords)Australia and New Zealand
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The Cinema john Escott
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Recycling Rosemary BorderThe USA Alison Baxter
Stage 4 (1400 headwords)
~isaster! Mary Mcl11tosh
Great Crimes john Escott
Oxford Bookworms Libr3l'Y
Original stories and adaptatiollsof c1assic and modern fiction.
Oxford Bookworms Playscripts
Original plays and adaptationsof c1assic and modern drama.
Oxford Bookworms Collection
Fiction by weil known c1assic andmodern 3uthors. Texrs arc not
abridged or simplified in any way.
The author and publisher wOllld like to thank the following for the use of photographs and artwork:
Art Archive p 4 (slave ship, slave market); Associated Press pp 11 (King speaks to media), 13 (George Wallace),24 (strike); Camera Press PP 1 (porrrait by Karsh), 15, 20 (Malcolm X); Corbis, co ver and pp 6-7 (WWJl), 7 (jazz),
9 (Alabama), 10, 11 (jail), 18 (march), 19 (church, Nobel Prize), 20 (Huey Newton), 22, 26, 27; Hulton Getty pp 5(L'Ollverture), 6 (Lincoln, Williamsburg), 14-15, 23 (ghetto); Magnum Photographs PP 3, 9 (King and family),
13 (LinJe Rock), 17, 20 (dolis), 23 (Vietnam protesr); Popperfoto l' 8; Redfems l' 21;Topham Picturepoint pp 16 (police, hosepipes), 25; Martin Ursell l' 5 (map).
18
10 'This country is sick!'
A month after Martin's Washington
speech, there was more violence.
Again the place was Birmingham. Abomb was thrown into a black
church and four little black girlswere killed. It was hard to believe
that there was so much hate in
America. And it was hard for Martin
to persuade people that non-violence
was the best way to fight those who
hated. Especially when moreviolence followed.
On 22 November, 1963, President
John F. Kennedy was shot dead in
Dallas, Texas. Martin had known
The march to Montgomery
Kennedy weIl and worked wi th him.
They had argued about the be st way
of getting equal rights for blacks, but
they had agreed that equality mustcome soon.
Like most Americans, Martin was
shocked by Kennedy's death. 'This
country is sick,' he said. There were
times when he thought he too might
be killed one day.He wondered about the new
president. Lyndon Johnson came from
the South. Would he follow Kennedy's
policy on ending segregation or would
he change it? Only time would tell.
Birmingham. A church stood here
After his Washington speech,Martin became famous alI over the
world. When people thought of the
fight for civil rights in America, they
thought of Martin Luther King. In
1964 he won the Nobel Peace Prize
for his civil rights work. He was only
thirty-five years old - the youngest
person ever to win this great prize.Meanwhile Martin's work
continued. In the South there were
very few elected black leaders. This
was because very few blacks were
registered to vote. In Mississippi, for
example, only 7% of blacks were
registered to vote. When blacks tried
to register, they were often turned
away. Martin realized that getting
blacks to vote was the best way of
changing the segregation laws in theSouth.
One of the worst states for
registering black voters was
The Nobel Peace Prize
Alabama. More than 300,000 black
voters were not registered. Martin
was asked to help register black
voters in Selma, Alabama.
Day after day, black peoplemarched to the law courts in Selma.
The police tried to stop them. They
beat the protesters and one man waskilled.
Martin decided to lead a march
from Selma to Montgomery, the
state capital of Alabama. More than
thir ty thousand people joined themarch.
The state governor, George
Wallace, refused to meet the
marchers. But the government in
Washington heard what the
marchers were saying. Later that
year, Martin Luther King was
present when President Johnson
signed a law to protect the rights ofaU Americans to vote.
19