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MARQuIS:Methods of Assessing Response to Quality Improvement Strategies
Rosa Suñol, MD, Ph.D.Director, Avedis Donabedian Foundation
Director AD Quality Chair. Fac. of Medicine. Autonomous University of Barcelona
8th European Forum
Gastein, October 2005
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s Overview
• MARQuIS team• EU Context• Project description:
• Objectives
• Design
• Expected outcomes
• Results so far: • Quality strategies
• Type of care provided
• Patient requirement
• Recommendations
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s INVOLVED ORGANIZATIONS
PARTNERS
• HOPE Standing Committee of the Hospitals of the European Union, Belgium
• ESQH European Society for Quality in Healthcare, Ireland;
• CEREF Centre for Research and Advanced Training,) Italy
• FAD Avedis Donabedian Foundation, Spain
• AMC Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Centre / University of Amsterdam,) The Netherlands
• CBO Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement,) The Netherlands
• MCHM University of Manchester / Manchester Centre for Healthcare Management, United Kingdom
• NCQA, National Centre for Quality Assessment in Health Care Poland
COUNTRY COORDINATORS
• École de Santé Publique,Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
• Belgium; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
• SAK CR Spojena akreditacni komise Ceske republiky, Czech Republic
• HAS Haute Autorité de Santé, France • NCQA National Centre for Quality
Assessment in Health Care, Poland• FADA Foundation for Accreditation
and Health Care Development, Spain• NIAZ Nederlands Instituut voor
Accreditatie van Ziekenhuizen, The Netherlands
• HQS The Health Quality Service, United Kingdom
Coordination: Prof. Rosa Suñol (FAD)
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s EU CONTEXT:
Movement of citizens within the European Union is increasing. Many of the citizens move for reasons unrelated to healthcare, but, whatever the reason, all these movements have a potential impact on health services, creating new needs and demands. Freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and people is also affecting health services.
Countries use this principles to address professional shortage, to support drug policy etc, but some concern arise when they’re also responsible of the care provided in another country (type of service, quality and cost)
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s EU CONTEXT:
Examples of health policydivergence in Europe
• Health system funding level and sources• Health system design/structure• Insurance coverage and benefits• Co-payment, fees and expenses• Treatment thresholds and choices• Patient and public expectations• Strategies for improving care (accreditation,
indicators..)• Quality requirements (criteria, standards, etc)• Patients’ rights
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s PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Objectives
To assess and compare different quality strategies (accreditation of health care institutions, implementation of clinical guidelines, performance indicators, patient satisfaction surveys…), and their potential use in health services when patients move across borders to obtain care; this would provide a first basis to assess the need and the development of formal, quality procedures at EU level for secondary care institutions.
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s PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Objectives
WP-2 To identify and analyze quality strategies (including accreditation, certification, indicators, patient surveys, etc.) used at national level (25 countries) based in a specific framework developed by research team
WP-3 To identify quality requirements for hospitals (safety and pat. empowerment)
• Review legislation and jurisprudence (mainly in patient rights)
• Identify volume and type of care provided to cross border care
• Identify patients’ requirements• Identify providers requirements’ (doctors, nurses and
managers)
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s PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Objectives
WP-4 /5 To describe in a sample of states how hospitals have applied national quality strategies, how far they meet the defined requirements of cross-border patients and what variables of organisation and methodology are associated with meeting these requirements (questionnaire to 500 hospitals, audit to 100 hospitals)
WP-6/7 To use these data to draw general conclusions about the association of various national quality strategies and compliance with defined requirements and the need for developing formal quality procedures at EU level.
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s Design
HOSPITALSHOSPITALSQuality strategiesNational and international level WP-2
Quality strategiesNational and international level WP-2
Quality requirementsfor cross-border patients WP-3
Quality requirementsfor cross-border patients WP-3
Development and applying
measures
Development and applying
measuresAuditAudit •Development and applying questionnaires (indicators, standards)
•Developing and testing questionnaires
•Distribution and analyses
Generating hypothesis
•Organization•Quality culture•Etc.
StructuralCharacteristics
•Regulation and jurisprudence
•Health financing authorities•Statistics on type of care provided
•Patients requirements•Other stake holders requirements
•Literature reviewPriorities for patients with cross-border care
Literature reviewFramework
Info retrieval + validityReport
•Field test•Preliminary conclusions•Consultation with governments
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s Questions to answer to EU officers
• Is it convenient to develop a unique quality strategy/ instrument for Europe?
• Is a convergence process possible and acceptable for the governments and involved organizations?
• What are the key quality requirements to promote ? • Can they be used as a guidance for quality development in
hospitals?• Are there special requirements when patients moving across
borders?• What is the relationship of Quality requirements with
purchasing services between countries?• What are the next steps to cover?
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s EU CONTEXT: Patient mobility in Europe
• Tourism and short time stay (transport) and “false tourists”
• Residents: People living and working in another EU state (elderly, ..etc)
• Capacity transfer initiatives (waiting lists)• Private patients (in vitro-fertilization, aesthetic
surgery, others..)• Border regions • Highly specialised care
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Information retrieval and validation in 25 countries
Conceptual framework:
Policy development
Policy implementation
Policy outcomes/ impact
Literature review
Quality strategies
QUALITY
STRATEGIES IN EUROPE:
Accreditation
ISO
EFQM
Indicators
Contracts
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Regulation & jurisprudence
Volume and type of care
provided
Patient requirements
Other stakeholders requirements
(doctors,nurses,managers..
Literature review
Quality requirements
QUALITY REQUIREMENTS:
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s TYPE OF CARE PROVIDED
A. Border regions projects
B. Case study. Catalonia
C. Purpose sample: 18 hospitals
D. Insurance companies
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A. COOPERATION IN BORDER REGIONS
HOPE: Hospital co-operation in border regions in Europe, June 2003
Border region areas: 35
Hospital cooperation programs: 170
Treatment cooperation programs: 123
Care/ medical treatment
Exchange of professionals
Research
Telemedicine
Education / training
Equipment shared
AREAS OF COOPERATION:
Emergency
Management
Conferences, seminars, meetings
Funding / social security agreements
Common structure
Language course
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s B. CASE STUDYCataluña
Field of study:
Admissions to the Public Catalan System Hospitals during 2003
Source of data:
CMBD de Cataluña, Servei Català de la Salut
Main results:
Total patients admitted: 714.404
Total EU patients admitted: 1502
% EU patients out of all admissions: 0.21%
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s PROPOSED diagnosisLIST TO STUDY
– Acute myocardial infarction– Deliveries– Appendicitis – Several kinds of fractures– Ophthalmology – Cancer– Diagnostic procedures
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Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews
Patients from an EU country admitted to a hospital abroad
Expected number of interviews: 60
Countries of study:
Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium
Goal: to identify relevant issues and priorities of individual patients using care across national borders
PATIENT REQUIREMENTS: Methodology
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s PATIENT REQUIREMENTS: Preliminary findings
ENVIROMENTAL / ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES Cleanliness
Food
Noise / visitors
Environment of care
Organization of the environment of care
Daily routine
ATTENTION TO PATIENTS
Help / attention to patients
Timeliness
Professional attitude
- ATTENTION TO RELATIVES
COMMUNICATION /
INFORMATION Translation/communication in other languagesInformation about illness and treatmentInvolvement of care / informed consentInformation about hospital proceduresInformation to family doctor at home
- PROFESIONAL CAPABILITIES
- GENERAL COMMENTS
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s LESSONS LEARNEDSO FAR:
1- Cross-border hospitalization in Europe varies widely, it seems to be a low occurrence phenomena, but underestimation could be important
2- The volume of care provided to EU patients at the emergency unit seems to be higher than the events of hospitalization for this population
3- Even when DRG codification system is only used in some European countries, all countries involved on this study use ICD either version 9 or 10, so data could be compared
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s LESSONS LEARNEDSO FAR:
4- EU patients hospitalized abroad seem to have a more homogeneous pathology than the regular population admitted to the same hospital
5- Most frequent diagnosis for hospitalized EU patients, are acute myocardial infarction, deliveries, appendicitis, disrhytmias and several kinds of fractures (this accounts for 25% of all cases)
6- Preliminary analysis of patients requirements seems to show differences between EU patients and local patients needs (different diagnosis, specific groups, extra patients needs due to information and language problems and lack of family environmental support)
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s Recommendations:
1- In order to be able to perform valid studies about the cross-border care, it would be necessary to include some common equivalent fields on hospitals and national healthcare databases. So it’s recommended to: Include country of origin as a mandatory field in hospitals and country databases. (data available in hospitals but not at country levels) both in inpatients and emergency areas
2- It would be interesting to agree among different research groups on the typology of cross border care (also from patients point of view)
3- The information currently available does not include the data that would be needed to independently study different categories of cross-border care (residents,,turists etc) Once country is identified, health information databases of EU countries should progressively start incorporating the information on types of cross border care as mandatory fields.
4- Specific discharge information seems necessary for cross border care. It will be useful to consider a common content of the discharge letter in EU hospitals
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Contact details:
Rosa Sunol MD PhD
www.fadq.org
www.marquis.be