MARKET SEGMENTATIONBY- SUNIT KUMAR MISHRA

CONCEPT AND DEFINITION The concept of market segment is based on the fact that the market of commodities are not homogeneous but they are heterogeneous. Market represent a group of customer having common characteristics but two customer are never common in their nature, habits, hobbies income and purchasing techniques.

According to Philip kotler , Market segmentation is sub-dividing a market into distinct and homogeneous subgroups of customers, where any group can conceivably be selected as a target market to be met with distinct marketing mix.

Market Segmentation is a method of dividing a market (Large) into smaller groupings of consumers or organisations in which each segment has a common characteristic such as needs or behaviour.

Henry Ford epitomized this strategy when he offered the Model- T Ford in one colour , black.

LEVELS OF MARKET SEGMENTATION

1. SEGMENT MARKETING Consists of a group of customers who share a similar set of needs and wants.

Identifiable Group with in a Market with Similar

Wants Purchasing Power Geographical Location Buying Attitudes

FLEXIBLE MARKET OFFERINGEven in segments 100 % needs are not same consists of two partsNaked Solution :- products and services that all members of the segment values.Discretionary options :- that some segment members value. Each option might carry an additional charge. Example: Automobile industry basic model is same but for A.C , power steering, power window buyer

has to pay extra price. Delta Airlines offers all economy passengers a seat and soft drinks. It charges economy passengers extra for alcoholic beverages.

Market Segments can be defined in many different ways. One way to carve up a market is to identify Preference segmentsSuppose ice cream buyers are asked how much they value sweetness and creaminess as two product attributes. Three different patterns can emerge.

Homogeneous preference : where all the consumer have roughly the same preferences.We would predict that existing brand would be similar and cluster around the middle of the scale in both sweetness and creaminess.Diffused preference : consumers vary greatly in their preferences

Clustered preference :

creaminesssweetnessHomogeneous Preference -no natural segments -all buyers have same preference

creaminesssweetnessDiffused Preference -no pattern (or poor research) -take center position

creaminesssweetnessClustered Preference -natural segments -increases as number of competitors increases

2. NICHE MARKETING Group of customers seeking a distinctive mix of benefits who are ready to pay extra premium. Niche = segment sub segments Eg. Washing detergents hard & gentle washes . Surf excel for tough stains ( hard on clothes) & Ezee from Godrej for delicate clothes.--- Astha , Sanskar , Q TV focus on religion & spiritualism. DISTINCT NEEDSPAY PREMIUMSPECIALIZATIONLESS COMPETITIONPOTENTIAL

ROLLS ROYCE

3. LOCAL MARKETING Marketing programs tailored to the needs & wants of local customer groups in trading areas, neighborhoods , etc. this trend is called grass roots marketing.

Ex. Spiderman 3 was released in 5 different language in India including bhojpuri.

ChitlePune sareesKashmiri silk

4. INDIVIDUAL MARKETING Ultimate segmentation segments of 1 or customized marketing or one to one marketing. Customerization empower the consumers to design the product or service offering of their choice. Ex. Paint companies have started doing this- Asian Paint , Nerolac , Berger Paints Arvind mills launched Ruffn Tuff Jeans, branded ready to stitch

GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION Divide the market into different group based on :Region South India , North , Western Region, East City metro cities, cities with population more than 1 millionWorldDensityClimateStates

Ex.- Mcdonalds globally, sell burgers aimed at local markets, for example, burgers are made from lamb in India rather then beef because of religious issues. In Mexico more chilli sauce is added and so on.

DEMOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION

As peopleagetheir needs and wants change, some organisations develop specific products aimed at particular age groups for example nappies for babies, toys for children, clothes for teenagers and so on.

Gender segmentation is commonly used within the cosmetics, clothing and magazine industry.

In the UK we have also seen the introduction of Maxim, (www.maxim-magazine.co.uk) a male lifestyle magazine covering male fashion, films, cars, sports and technology. \

Incomesegmentation is another strategy used by many organisations. Stores like Harrods, Harvey Nicohals are predominantly aimed at the affluent market. Daewoo aim their vehicles at price sensitive buyers who require a bundle of benefits for the price. In today's globally competitive environment brands are specifically developed and positioned within particular income segments inorder to maximise turnover.Products and services are also aimed at differentlifecycle segments. Holidays are developed for families, the 18-30's singles, and for those in their 50's.

PSYCHOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION

Lifestyle groups Yuppie AssociationsMobileHigh valued house/flatGood SalaryYoung branded car. Third Agers Associations.50'sRetired early from profession.Time to spareAdventure Seekers

BEHAVIOURAL SEGMENTATION

OCCASIONS - Archies and Hallmark cards, Monaco at tea time. BENEFITS Shampoo for hair conditioning, cleaning , hair fall defence dandruff control USER STATUS- light medium heavy user LOYALTY STATUS- hardcore loyal , split loyal- loyal to 2-3 brand ,shifting loyal, switcher