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Subject Index
Aain-e-Akbari (The Law of Akbar), 105Aain-e-Sikandari (The Laws of Sikandar), 104Abdul Rahim Khanekhana, 105Abdul Rashidi Tatavi, 106abrupt creolization, 257Abu-‘Abdu’llah Nuqati, 104Abu’l Fazl, 105Abu’l-Faraj Runi, 104Abu’l-Hasan ’Ali ibn ’Uthman al-Jullabi
al-Hujviri, 104Abu’l Fazl, 105academic and scientific writing, 360acculturation, 103active verb, 99Adalat System, 365Adi, 45adjective, 60, 75--90adverb, 76
manner adverb, 74--7reason adverb, 74
advertising, 377affective verb, 98affirmative, 66Afghan Hindu Kush, 34Ahsan, Subedar, 108Akbar, 105, 109, 364Akbarnaamah (The Book of Akbar), 105All India Dalit Writers Conference, 461All India Phule-Ambedkar Literature
Gathering, 461alphasyllabary, 307Ambedkar, Babasaheb R., 450, 452Anandraj, Maharaja of Vijayanagar, 106anaphora, 70Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 163Andamanese, 46A�ndayya, 250Andhra Pradesh, 37, 39, 40, 42Anjuman-e-Taraqqi-e-Urdu, 140Aran
_avibha _ngasutta, 181
Arjunavadakara, 199, 220Arthashastra, 364
Arunachal Pradesh, 44Aryans, 32, 183, 184, 185Ashiqeh (a love tale), 104Ashoka, 35, 38Ashoka’s edicts, 363Aõka, 187Asiatick [=Asiatic] Society, 315Aslam Salim, 108Asraar-e-khudi (The secrets of the self), 107Assam, 42As
_t_adhyayı, 200, 213--16
attitudes, 147attrition, 148Aurangzeb, 107, 364Azud-ud-Daulah, 106
Babur, 82, 105Bagul, Baburao, 450Bahaar-e-Ajam (The Persian Springtime), 106Bahadur Shah II, 107Bahmani dynasty, 108Bahmannaamah (The Book of Bahmans), 109bakra, 469, 471bakwas, 469--71Balban, Ghiyathud-din, 104Bangladesh, 33, 35, 37, 42, 45, 128--49,
276--376language and legal system, 367language profile, 173
Bangladeshis, 517Basavanna, 421Baudhayanadharma�satra, 184Bentinck, William, 315Bhagavaisutta, 186Bhagwan Das, 106bhakti movement, 106Bhartr-hari, 216
distinctive contribution, 218Bhatt, Rakesh M., 26, 51, 54, 132Bhota Sherpa, 44Bhutan, 44, 154
language profile, 173
588
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, 375Bihar, 33, 42bilingualism, 532, 533Bill of Rights, 362Binish Kashmiri, 110biological sex, 432Bostan-e-heraat (The orchard of Herat),
106brat pack, 492Buddha, 181, 182, 186Buddhism, 371
sociolinguistic attitudes, 183Buddhist, 35Bughra Khan, 104Burhaan-e-Qaati (Irrefutable Logic), 106
Canada, 525caste antagonisms, 313caste dialect, 251causal verb, 92Census of India, 35, 40, 42Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL),
126Chahaar Unsur, 107Chamaraja Wodeyar, 328Chanakya, 364Chandah
_-�sastra, 193, 194
Chandas, 193 see Chandah_-�sastra
Chang, 45Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra, 9Chekesang, 164, 232Christianity, 413, 414cinema, 379cinema language, 395
English expressions and locutions, 404formative influences, 398heteroglossia, 403humour, 403India, 397linguistic conflicts and tensions, 404linguistic registers, diverse, 403linguistic structure, 399narrative structure, 400Sri Lanka, 397
clefts, 71code-mixing/switching, 130, 340--402, 521,
529, 532complementizer, 60
post-clausal complementizer, 60pre-clausal complementizer, 58
compound verbs, 92--3conjunct formation, 299conjunctive participal construction, 75
concessive use, 74manner adverb, 74
negative conjunctive participle, 75reason adverb, 74
Constitution of IndiaArticle, 40, 153
conventional media, 378--85convergence, 54Coorg, 40Cornwallis Code, 366Cornwallis, Lord, 365criminal tribes, 153cultural distinctiveness, 233Cyrus-talk, 490
Dadra, 37Dadu (poet), 119Dalit Panthers, 450, 451Dalit Rangabhumi (Dalit theater), 456Dalit Sahitya movement, 450, 451Dalits, 450
autobiographies, 455literature, spread, 461meaning, 453poetry and fiction, of Dalit women, 457
Dara Shikoh, 107Dard, 107Das, Girdhar, 105dative subject construction, 73decreolization, 256Delhi, 471--2Delhi Sultanates, 32Denotified Tribes (DNT), 153determiner, 61
split determiner, 61Devi Lal, 125Dewani Adalat, 365Dharma, 361Dharma�sastra, 184Dhasal, Namdeo, 451diaspora, in UK, 524
community profile, 518identity and assimilation issues, 524linguistic profile, 523socio-cultural and economic profile, 520
diaspora, in US, 531community profile, 526identity and assimilation issues, 531language and cultural maintenance, 531socio-economic profile, 527
diglossia, 249, 414, 415dispersion phenomenon, 378Diwan Shah Azar, 108Doordarshan, 125
Eastern Eye, 520echo-compounding, 92
Subject Index 589
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
educationand regional languages, 126
English bilingualism, 133English language advertising, 393Englishization, 10enthu pataanii, 472ergativity, 72explicator verb, 97external ecology, 143
Fachha, 472Faizi, 105, 110Fakhru’l-Mulk Amidu’d-din Lumaki, 104Family Reunification Act, 527Farhang-e-Aanandraj (The Dictionary of
Anandraj), 106Farhang-e-Jahaangiri (The Dictionary of
Jahangir), 106Farhang-e-Rashidi (The Dictionary of
Rashidi), 106Fiji, 81‘‘first past the post’’ principle, 509folk-theatres, regional, 398former pair, 471founder principle, 508, 509Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities,
520free relatives, 64Fundamental Rights, 362Futuhu’s-Salatin (The conquest of Sultans),
108
Gandhi, Mohandas K., 81, 317, 368gender and language, 429 see language and
gendergeneration next (X), 489Ghani Kashmiri, 108ghazal, 104Gilma, 473globalization, 394, 417, 469
and marketization, in advertising mediadiscourse, 393
Goa, 37Grammar
as intellectual culture, 195of Indian languages, 200
Greek, 364Gujarat, 461Gul-e-Ranaa (The Charming Rose), 107Gulistaan-e-Aram (The Rose Garden of Aram),
106Gulistan (The Rose Garden) by Sádi, 109gun
_a incrementchart, 87
Gupta Empire, 32
Guru Gobind Singh, 107Guyana, 81Gwaliornaamah (The Book of Gwalior), 106
Hafiz, 107Halmidi inscription, 330Harappa, 33Hasan Nizami, 104Hasht-Bihisht (The Eight Paradise), 104Hastings, Lord Warren, 366Hazim Lahiji, 106heteroglossia, 416, 417Hindus, 106Hindustani, 368historical factors, of SALs, 33Holi (festival), 111honorific pronoun, 91Human Rights Act, 362Hyderabad, 37hyponymous compounds, 334
Ibrahim Adil Shah II, 109Immigration and Naturalization Service, 525imported scripts, 305indenture, 498--503independence and its aftermath, 322
Bangladesh, 320India, 319Pakistan, 321Sri Lanka, 322
India, 33, 35, 37, 42, 47, 129, 133, 140, 141,278, 323, 468, 472court language, 369cultural and psychological context, 468language and legal system, 369Art 344, 367Art 345, 367Art 351, 367language profileAndaman and Nicobar Islands, 163bilingualism, 167contact languages, 164convergence areas, 164Jharkhand, 161Lakshadweep, 161Northeast, 157number of languages, 156rural--urban divide, 163South India, 162Western India, 162youth language, characteristics, 474
Indian Constitution, 139Art 247, 139Art 29(1), 139Art 30, 139
Subject Index590
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Art 350(A), 139Art 350(B), 139
Indian English, 471, 491Indian Exclusion Act, 525Indian National Congress, 81Indus Valley, 33insha literature, 105Insha-e-Abu’l Fazl (Epistles of Abdul Fazl),
105Insha-e-Madho Ram (The letters of Madho
Ram), 106internal ecology, 143International Covenants of Cultural and
Political Rights (ICCPR), 361Interrogatives, 66interrogative pronouns, 92Iqbal, Muhammad, 320Islam, 375, 413, 414izafe, 112, 113
Jaavednaamah (The Book of Eternity), 107Jahaan-e-Zafar (The world of success),
105Jahangir, 105, 108Jainism
sociolinguisitc attitudes, 186jataka stories, 352Jauhar, 112Jespersen, Otto, 434Jharkhand, 135--61Jillako, 473Jinnah, Muhammad Ali, 138, 320
Katyayana, 179Kabir, 125Kachru, Bhawani Das, 108Kalhana, 108Kannada Sahitya Parishat, 328Karnataka, 37, 39, 40Karnataka Bha:sho:jji:vini: Sabha:, 328Kashfu’l-mahjuub (The discovery of the
Hidden), 104Kay-Qubad, 104Kerala, 39, 40Khan, Liaquat Ali, 138Kherwari, 42Khilji, 104Khusrau, Amir, 82, 104, 110Khwaja Muhammad Azami, 108koineization, 507
variation, in early stages, 507Krishna, the Lord, 468Krishnaswamy, E., 397Kulliat-e-Nezaame-Faarsi (The collection of
Persian poems), 107
Laccadive Islands (Laksha Dweep), 40Lahore, 104Lakher, 45Lakshadweep, 161Lalleshwari (Lallesvari), 283, 421language and gender
biological sex, 432dominance vs. differences debate, 440early language and gender, 434fluidity, of gender, 442local view, 448
language and legal system, 361in Bangladesh, 367historical development, 366in India, 369in Nepal, 370in Pakistan, 371and religion, 376in Sri Lanka, 373
Language conflictfrom Aryan invasion to classical age of
Hinduism, 313during colonial period, 315freedom movement, 316during islamic rule, 314
language politics, 402language research paradigms, 26language shift, 166language universals, 49language, in social and ethnic interaction
academic and scientific writing, 360belief system, 349conventions, 351cultural context, 346oral and literate traditions, 351popular vs. high literature, 352socialization, 347verbal interaction conventions, 358
language-based poetics, 218languages, of wider functions, 4Lankesh Patrike, 340Latifa-e-Faizi (Subtleties of Faizi), 105latter pair, 471lexicalization
substrate language influence, 259lexicography, 106lexicon, of youth, 474
abbreviations and acronyms, 476clippings, 475derivational and inflectional suffixes, 475neologisms, 477nonce formations, 477re-lexicalization or changes in meaning or
usage, 479liberalization, 469
Subject Index 591
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
linguistic conflicts and politicsIndependence and its aftermath, 322
linguistic feminism, 437linguistic homogeneity, 135Linguistic Survey of India, 224, 312, 396, 503linguistics, 49
approaches, 50loanwords, 511
Machha, 472Madhya Pradesh, 33, 37, 39, 40Madras Province, 122Madurai, 37Mahabhas
_ya, 184
Mahavıra, 183--5, 186Mahabharata, 105, 108, 351Mahadari akka, 421Mahadeva, Devanuru, 340Maharashtra, 33, 39Mahls, 161Makhan Lal, 105Maldives, 35, 38Mangalore, 37Manipravala, 330Manipur, 45Manu Samhita, 363Manusmr8ti, 186Masud-I-Sad-I-Salman Jurjani, 104Matla’ul-Anwaar (Rising of the lights), 104Mauritius, 81Mauryan Empire, 32media
and regional languages, 125media and advertising, 377
advertising media discourse, 391English and structural domains, 391globalization and marketization, 393wall vs. print advertising, 389issues, 379
Meerabai, 125Meghalaya, 41, 45, 157Miftaahul-Futuh (The Key to Victories), 104,
157minority languages, 132
bilingualism, 146constitutional safeguards, 140in education, 145in language planning, 138politics, 141
Mir, 107Mir Ghayasuddin Ali Qazveni, 105Mirabai, 283Miratul Akhbaar (Mirror of Happenings), 108Mirza Abdul Qadir Bedil, 107, 110Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib, 107, 119
Mirza Darab Beg Juya, 108Mirza Kamil, 108Mizoram, 45modern scripts, 298
inventions, 305modernization, 469Moghul Empire, 32Mohammad Iqbal, 107Mohammad Shah, 107Mohammad Yusuf Nighat Burhanpuri, 111Mohammedan Code, 371Mohenjodaro, 33mood distinctions, in verbal form, 94mother tongue retention, 165Motilal Nehru Committee of Indian National
Congress, 133Muhammad Aufi, 104Muhammad Daughlat, 108Muhammad Hussain, 106Muhammad, prophet, 414Mulla Ashraf, 108Mulla Tughra Mashadi, 111Multan, 104multilingualism, 223
communicative context, 229cultural context, 234demographic context, 227functional context, 231political context, 233
Multilingualism, 47multiple language mixing, 394Munshaat-e-Brahman (Brahmans Letters),
106Munshaat-e-Rawar Mal (Rawar Mal’s
Lettters), 106Munshi Hiraman Lal, 106Munshi Muhammad Badshah, 106Murad Baksh, 111Muthmir (Fruit providing), 106
Nagaland, 45, 157, 164Nagar Haveli, 37Najmu’d-din Hasan Sanjari, 104Nal Daman, 105Nasiru’d-din Qabacha, 104Nasiru’d-din Mahmud, 104National Academy of Letters (The Sahitya
Akademi), 126National Council of Educational Research and
Training, 359National Film Development Corporation, 401National Language Policy Recommendations
Commission, 168negative, 66
postverbal, 65
Subject Index592
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
subject agreement with, 66preverbal, 65
negative face, 353Nehru, Jawaharlal, 317, 318, 319, 368Nepal, 33, 35, 36, 39, 42--149, 154, 375
language and legal system, 370Art 2, 370Part three, 369language profile, 169
New Indian Cinema, 402Nicobar Islands, 41Nirukta, 193, 194non-conventional media, 378
forms, innovation and research, 381noun, 90Nuh-Sipahr (Nine Skies), 104
Official Language Act, India, 319, 368Official Language Act, Sri lanka, 322Ol Chiki, 166orality and literacy
multilingual South Asia, 279performative, 284perspectives, 276
Orissa, 33, 40, 42Ovavaiyasutta, 186
paavam, 472Pan
_n_avan
_asuttaavaiasutta, 183, 184, 185
Pakistan, 33, 34, 35, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133,137, 138, 142, 154, 276, 312, 321--75language and legal system, 371Section 251, 371language profile, 173Central and Southern, 172North, 170North West, 172South West, 173
Pakistanis, 517Panchatantra, 352Pandit, Gopal, 108Pandit, Sakaram Ganesh, 525Pan
_ini, 179
Panini’s grammar, 48, 215historical context, 204operational domain, 207pre-eminent position, 202technical devices, 210theoretical frame, 206
parametric variation, 49Parsi theatre, 398Patañjali, 179, 180Payaam-e-Mashriq (The message from the
East), 107People of India, 224, 226
Persianization, 6in Indian languages, 120
Peshawar, 35‘Peter’, 472phatic communion, 489phonology, 53Phule-Ambedkar literature, 453pidgin, 501pidgins and creoles
archetypes, 256Bazaar Hindi, 254contact language significance, 266grammatical categories reduction, 261Indo-Portuguese, 254minimal structure, 260morphology avoidance, 262multiple causation, 265Nagamese, 254small vocabulary, 259sociolinguistic characteristics, 257Sri Lanka Malay, 255structural characteristics, 257structural regularity, 263stylistic and social levels, lackings, 264substrate languagelexicalization, influence on, 259structural influence, 264variability, 264
politeness, in verbal interaction, 353Pondicherry, 47positive face, 353possessive pronoun, 91post-clausal complementizer
naming-labeling, 59as purposive marker, 59as reason marker, 59sequence-of-tense phenomenon, 60
postposition, 90--1, 97Prabuddha Karnataka, 328preambles, to constitution, 376pre-clausal complementizer, 58Prinsep, James, 306print media, 379--84private space, of chat room, 489pro-drop parameter, 49professionalism, 469pronoun, 75--92
deletion, 68public space, of performance, 493‘Pure Tamil’ movement, 251
qasida, 104Qiranu’s-Sadain (the conjunction of the two
lucky stars), 104Qutbu’d-din-Aybak, 104
Subject Index 593
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Raja�sekhara, 188Raajatrangini, 108radio, 379--85Rajasthan, 36Ramayana, 105, 352, 363Ranjit Singh, Maharaja, 114Razmnaamah (The Book of the Battles), 105reduplication, 77
adjective, 75, 92adverb, 76manner adverb, 77pronoun, 75
reflexive pronoun, 91regional languages, 121
modes of communication, 127problems and perspectives, in defining,
124profile, 122
Regulating Act (1773), 365relative clauses, 64
free relatives, 64internally-headed relative clauses, 64
religious discourse genres, 421religious languages, 407
authority, 422distribution, across religion, 410functional transparency, 421identity, 417ideology, 418ideology and power-hierarchy, ancient and
medieval period, 415language choice, contemporary period,
417language mixing, 417--18modernization, 417multilinguistic religion, historical
evolution, 411multiple linkage, impact on language
structure, 420script, 423
Rigveda, 35Risaala-e-Najuum (Book on Astronomy), 106Roy, Raja Ram Mohan , 108Rumez-e-Bikhudi (The mysteries of
selflessness), 107
Sa’ib, 105, 108, 110Saaqiinaamah (Book of the Cup-bearers), 109Sabk-e-Hindi (the Indian style), 109Sabk-e-Khurasani, 109Sadar Diwani Adalat, 365Sadar Nizamat Adalat, 365Sajjan, 128
Samavaya _ngasutta, 186Sangam age, 38Sanskrit theatre, classical , 397, 415Sanskritization, 5, 239, 247, 248�Satapatha-Brahman
_a, 181
Sauda, 107SCPR/PSI Survey (1994), 521SCRP/PSI Survey (1994), 520‘Sean’, 472second diaspora
indenture, 503issues, for further research, 513linguistic adaptation, 509accommodating out, 509koineization, 507simplification, 507loanwords, 511parallel retentions and changes, 513
‘‘secularization of the sacred languages’’,self-reflexive mode, 474
enthu cutlets, 474semantic field, 480Seven Grammars of the Dialects and Sub-
dialects of the Bihari Languages, 503Shaahjahaannaamah (Book of Shah Jahan),
106Shah Jahan , 105, 108, 110, 111Shaikh Ali Hazin, 111Shariat Bill (1991), 375Sheikh Adhari, Isfarain, 109Shibli Noamani, 107shift, 147Shivaji, Chatrapati, 114, 364Shori-e-Khayaal (The upsurge of thoughts), 110Shu’ara-e-Kashmir (The Poets of Kashmir),
shruti, 108Siddhas, 282signaling sequential action, 74Sikkim, 44Siksa, 193Sinhalese films, 398Sinhalese cinema, 399Siraj-ud-din Ali Khan Arzu, 106Sircar, D. C., 291Sivaram, R., 340socialization, 347South Africa, 81South Asian languages (SALs), 54
constructs of, 1phonology, 53syntax, 54typology, 49--52
South India, 162
Subject Index594
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Soz, 107split determiner, 61Sri Lanka, 35, 41, 47, 149, 276, 312, 375, 388
language and legal system, 373Section 39, 371, 372Section 45, 372Section 36, 372
Sri Lanka Malay, 255Sri Lanka Portuguese, 258, 259, 260, 261, 264,
266Sriramulu, Potti, 318States Reorganization Commission, 133, 135,
137, 139statistical universals, 50stative verb, 99stem compounds, 335subject-object-verb (SOV). 53 see verb--medial
SALssubject--verb agreement, 73subject--verb--object (SVO). 53 see
verb--medial SALssubstrate language
lexicalization, influence on, 259phonological influence, 260structural influence, 264
Sufism, 106Sulh-e-kul, 105Sultan Zaimal Abedin, 108Surve, Narayan, 451syllable, 83, 84
Taaj-ul-Ma’athir (The Crown of Exploits),104
tadhkira Lubaab-ul-Albaab (The Quintessenceof the Hearts), 104
Tamil Nadu, 37, 39Tek Chand Bahar, 106television, 379--85tense distinction, in verbal form, 93third diaspora, 499Three Language Formula, 126--42Todar Mal, 105Tolkappiyanar, 48T�ol
_kappiam, 246, 250
traditions, of language study, 190branches of knowledge, 194language manifestations interest, 192
Transoxania, 110tribal languages, 153tribe, 153Trinidad, 81Tripura, 42, 134Tughlaq, Ghiyathud-din, 104
Tughlaqnaamah (The Book of Tuglaq), 104Tughlaqs, 104Tuzuk-e-Babari (Autobiography of Babur), 105Tuzuk-I-Jehaangiri (Autobiography of
Jehangir), 105Twelfth Report of the Commissioner for
Linguistic Minorities, 140, 141typology, of SALs, 49--52
UNESCO, 273United Kingdom, 515United States, 515Universal Grammar, 49universal peace and toleration 105Urfi, 110Uttar Pradesh, 37
vaw, 112Vedangas, 193Vedas, 38, 255--412Vedic Period, 363verbal form, 97
active verb, 99affective verb, 98causal verb, 92compound verbs, 92--3explicator verb, 97mood distinctions, 94stative verb, 99syntax, 101tense distinction, 93volitional verb, 98
verbal interaction conventions, 358verbal syntax, 101verb-final SALs
Angami, 56, 57, 61, 64Bengali, 65Hindi-Urdu, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61--2, 65, 67,
68--0, 73, 74, 75--6, 77Hmar, 57, 61--72Ho, 66--9, 72Kashmiri, 55, 69Kokborok, 76Manipuri, 56--60, 63, 72, 77Marathi, 65Mizo, 67--70Sinhala, 71Tamil, 64Telugu, 57--9, 63--4, 65, 66, 69--71, 73,
75, 77verb-initial SALs, 53verb-medial SALs, 53verbs-in-series types, of compound verbs, 95
Subject Index 595
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
verb-subject-object (VSO), 53 see verb-SALsvernacular, 322, 323Video on Wheels (VOW), 125, 380Voice, 520volitional verb, 98vrddhi increment, 87
chart, 87Vyakarana, 193
wall vs. print advertising, 389wannabes, 472Warren Hastings Judicial Plan (1772), 365West Bengal, 33, 42Western India, 162
Western Indo-European, 47World Almanac, 127writing systems, 285
indus script, 286
youth bulge, 466youth-islands, 479
Zabuur-e-Ajam (The Persian Psalms), 107Zafarnaamah (The Book of Victory), 107Zebunissa, 107Zia, the General, 375Zorastrianism, 34Zuhuri, 109
Subject Index596
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Language Index
Adi, 45Agariya, 42Angami, 45
determiners, position of, 61free relatives, 64relative clauses, internally-headed, 64time and place adverbials, 57
Ao, 45Apabhramshas, 82Arabic, 230, 302, 304, 414Arakanese, 46Aramaic, 364Aramanic consonantal script, 287Ardhamagadhi, 186Asho, 45Assamese, 37Asuri, 42Austronesian, 46Avesta, 34Awadhi, 231, 277Austro–Asiatic language, 42
babu language, 18, 469Badaga, 40, 232Balochi, 172Balti, 43, 170Baric, 44Basque, 32Bawm, 45Bazaar Hindi, 253--4, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260,
261--7Bengali, 37, 121, 127, 295, 299, 320
postverbal negative, 65Bhojpuri, 37, 231, 277Bhotia, 44Bhumij, 42Bihari, 35, 37Birhor, 42Birjia/Bijori, 42Bodic, 43Brahmı , 85, 278, 289, 299, 302, 306, 363
Brahui, 39, 172, 242, 243, 244Bumthankha, 44Burmese, 302Burashaski, 46butler language, 469Burushaski, 170, 277
Chekesang, 164, 232
Dafla, 45Dakhini, 37Dardic, 34, 35Dehwari, 172Devanagari, 35, 85, 292, 299, 422Dhangar Kurukh, 39Dravidian languages, 32--41, 52 see also
individual entriesDzongkha, 44
English, 60, 223, 227, 228, 229, 230, 232, 320,337, 368constructs of, 10sequence-of-tense phenomenon, 60
Gadaba/Gutob, 39, 42Garo, 45Gondi, 40Gujarati, 37, 147, 292, 299Gurmukhi, 292, 298, 423Gurung, 44
Halam, 45Harauti, 37Hindi, 35, 36, 122, 124, 125, 128, 132, 224,
225, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 277,316, 318, 319, 321, 353, 369
Hindi–Urdu, 81, 256adjectives, 60, 75adjectives, position of, 60adverb, 76anaphora, 68
597
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Hindi-Urdu, (cont.)basic word order, 55comparative and superlative constructions,
56conjunctive participle construction, 74dative subject construction, 73determiners, position of, 61echo words, 77ergativity, 72interrogatives, 67IO and DO, order of, 55manner adverb, 74--6negative conjunctive participle, 75nominal, 92phonology, 85place adverbial, order of, 58post-clausal complementizer, 60pre-clausal complementizer, 58preverbal negative, 65pronoun deletion, 67reason adverb, 74relative clauses, 62verbal form, 97
Hindko, 35Hmar, 45
comparative and superlative constructions,57
split determiner, 61subject-verb agreement, 72
Hoaffirmative, 66anaphora, 70ergativity, 72interrogatives, 67
indic scripts, 302Brahmı script, 292conjunct formation, 299Kharosthi script, 287modern scripts, 298
Indo-Aryan languages, 82, 84 see alsoindividual entries stages, 82, 84
Indo-Aryanization, of Dravidian languages, 236borrowing, reasons and sources of, 238caste dialect, 251and language attitudes, 251morphology, 243phonetic adaptations, 246phonology, 242semantic changes, 247syntax, 245variations, 240vocabulary, 242
Indo-Iranian language, 38Indo-Portuguese, 254
indus script, 286Iranian, 34, 109
Japanese, 32Javanese, 302Juang, 42
Kabui, 45Kacha Naga, 45Kam-Tai, 46Kannada, 38, 39, 40, 241, 243, 245, 246, 248,
249, 250, 295, 327, 350--458language modernizationclassification, 340code-mixing/switching, 341compounding, 335complement fronting construction, 338impersonal passive construction, 338language empowerment, 340loan word stratification, from different
sources, 336morphology and lexicon, 330new collocations, 340nominal style construction, 339non-restrictive relativization, coordinate
use of, 339passive construction syntax, 338phonology, 337prefixation development, as derivational
process, 333Sanskrit derivational morphology, 332selection restriction relaxations, 339traditional reliance, on Sanskrit, 331word class membership, 333
Kashmiri, 35, 132, 143, 303, 422anaphora, 69auxiliary verb, position of, 55
Kati, 172Kharia, 42Kharos
_t_hi script, 287, 302, 307
khar_i boli, 82
Khengkha, 44Khezha, 45Khiemnungam, 45Khmer, 302Khowar, 35, 170Khumi, 45Kiranti, 44Koch, 45Koda/Kora, 42Kodagu, 40Kohistani, 170Kokborok
manner adverb, 76
Language Index598
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Kolami, 39Konda, 40Konkani, 37, 422Konyak, 45Korean, 32Korku, 42Koya, 40Korwa, 42Kota, 40Kui, 40Kuki, 45Kurthokha, 44Kurukh, 39, 242Kuvi, 40
Lao, 302Lepcha, 44, 302Lhotshamkha, 36, 44Lotha, 45Lushai, 45
Magadh, 186, 187Magadhi, 364Magar, 44Maithili, 36, 37, 231, 232, 350, 422Malayalam, 38, 39, 40, 296Malto, 39Malvi, 37Manipuri, 45
adjectives, position of, 60ergativity, 72genitive, position of, 56manner adverb, 77relative clauses, 63subject-verb agreement, 72
Mao, 45Marathi, 37, 255
subject agreement, with postverbalnegative, 65
Maring, 45Marwari, 37Meithei, 45Mewari, 37Mishmi, 45Mizo, 45
anaphora, 70interrogatives, 67
Mogh, 45Mon-Khmer, 41, 45Monpa, 44Mru, 45Munda, 41, 42Mundari languages, 42, 66 see also individual
entries
Naga, 45Nagamese, 254, 256, 259, 260, 261Naiki, 39Nepali, 36, 121Newari, 44Nicobarese, 41Nocte, 45Nuristani, 34
Ollari, 39Oriya, 37, 295, 299Ormuri, 172
Pali, 186Pahadi, 232Pahari, 36Paite, 45Pankhu, 45Pashto, 34Pengo, 39, 242, 243, 244Persian, 34, 314, 315Persian language, in South Asia, 103
Indianization, 107--14spread in, 109
Perso-Arabic, 35--304, 423Phom, 45Prakrit, 35, 82, 181, 187, 188--237, 241, 245,
314, 397Punjabi, 35, 121, 124, 127--31, 132, 230, 320Punjabi Hindustani, 130
Rabha, 45Rajasthani, 35Rengma, 45Rexta, 82
Sangtam, 45Sanskrit, 35, 39, 82, 86, 87, 177, 187, 188,
223, 227, 230, 236, 240, 241, 246, 248,314, 315, 322, 332, 337, 363, 364, 397,412, 413, 414alternative sociolinguistic perspectives, 181grammars and grammarians, 197political factors and sociolinguistic
attitudes, 188sociolinguistic attitudesin Buddhism, 183in Jainism, 186in Vedic India, 180
Santali, 42, 148Saurashtri, 37Savara/Sora, 42Sema, 45Sharchopkha, 44
Language Index 599
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Shina, 35, 144, 170Sindhi, 33, 37, 132Sinhala, 149, 371, 372
clefts, 71Sinhalese, 38, 41, 296, 312, 321Siraiki, 35, 129, 133Sunuwar, 44Swahili, 32
Tangkhul, 45Tangsa, 45Tamang, 44, 169Tamil, 39, 143, 149, 239, 240, 242, 246, 250,
251, 297, 312, 321, 371, 372--460free relatives, 64
Telugu, 38, 39, 296--459, 461anaphora, 69clefts, 71conjective participal construction, 74dative subject construction, 73echo words, 77free relatives, 64interrogatives, 66post-clausal complementizer, 59pronoun, 75relative clauses, 63subject agreement, with postverbal
negative, 66tome adverbial, order of, 57
Thai, 302
Thado, 45Thakali, 44Tharu, 36, 169Tibetan, 302Tibeto-Burman languages, 46, 50, 156 see also
individual entriesToda, 40Tripuri, 45Tshanglalo, 44Tulu, 40Turi, 42
Urdu, 35, 37, 127, 128--32, 138--41, 224, 231,303, 312, 314, 316, 319, 320, 321, 364,365, 369, 370, 371
Urdu-Bengali, 138
Vaiphei, 45
Wakhi, 34Wancho, 45Wanetsi, 172
Yimchungre, 45
Zani Naga, 45Zeliangrong, 164Zelionrong, 232Zou, 45
Language Index600
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Author Index
Abbi, Anvita, 25, 75, 147, 153, 157, 161,163
Abidi, S. A.H., 103, 110, 111, 112, 113Adhikari, Shyam, 167Agesthialingom, S., 220Agnihotri, Rama Kant, 54, 271, 273, 274, 278,
281, 437Ahmad, Imtiaz, 352Ahmed, Aijazuddin, 147Aitchison, Jean, 255Aiyar, L. V. Ramaswami, 245, 246, 248Aklujkar, Ashok, 189, 218, 220Alexander, G. P., 531Ali, Ahmed, 26Allardyce, Alexander, 12Allen, Charles, 10Allen, David O., 10Alleyne, Mervyn C., 257Alper, H. P., 424Amaradeo, Shubhani, 71Amin, Shahid, 283Anand. J. H., 462Anand, Mulk Raj, 23Ananthanarayana, H. S., 330Anderson, Benedict, 404Andronov, M., 220, 238, 243Annamalai, E., 64, 127, 153, 223, 229, 232,
233, 251, 313, 323Anselmi, Dina L., 431Anwar, Muhammad, 517, 518, 519, 521, 522,
523, 524Appadurai, A., 417Apte, Mahadev L., 254, 256, 258, 259, 260,
323, 357Armstrong, J. C., 498Aronoff, Mark, 332Arora, 54Asher, Ronald E., 31, 220Auroux, Sylvain, 220Austin, Granville, 367, 369Ayrookuzhiel, A.M. Abraham, 458
Backstrom, Peter C., 34, 47Bailey, Thomas Grahame, 87Bakhtin, Mikhail, 403Bala, Madhu, 432Baldauf, Richard B. Jr., 322Ballard, Roger, 517, 518Bama, 459Banerji, Sures Chandra, 219Bannerjee, Brajendra Nath, 352Barnes, Sir Edward, 23Barnet, Richard J., 393Barnouw, Eric, 397Barton, D., 274Barz, R. K., 512Basdeo, S., 501Bashir, Elena, 26Baumgardner, Robert J., 26, 377Bechert, H., 425Beckman, Howard, 354Beishon, Sharon, 519, 520Benedict, Paul K., 53, 490Berger, Hermann, 47Bergsland, Knut, 238Bergvall, Victoria L., 430Berthoud, Richard, 519, 520Bhagat, Datta, 455Bharadwaja, D.K., 327Bhaskararao, Peri, 73Bhatia, Tej K., 25, 68, 81, 87, 121, 124, 125,
128, 130, 131, 199, 220, 377, 378, 382,386, 387, 389, 391, 393
Bhatia, Vijay K., 358, 361Bhatt, Rakesh M., 25, 51, 54, 132Bhattacharya, Rimli, 39Bhattacharya, Sudhibhusan, 235, 239, 242,
243, 245Bhatti, Ghazala, 524Bhaya Nair, Rukmini, 466, 489, 493, 494Bickerton, Derek, 266Bing, Janet M., 430Birdwood, George, 13
601
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Bloch, Jules, 77, 243Bloomfield, Leonard, 207, 208, 257Bolton, Kingsley, 23Borker, Ruth, 439Borua, B. K., 258, 260Bourdieu, P., 412, 421Brah, A., 524Brass, Paul R., 232, 425Breton, Ronald J.-L., 139, 147, 150, 225, 311,
312, 318, 320Brians, Paul, 364Bright, William, 25, 239, 248, 272, 275, 294,
307, 308, 350Britto, Francis, 143Bronkhorst, Johannes, 195Brown, L., 414, 435Brown, Penelope, 349, 353, 356Brude, Archana S., 28Bryant, Arthur, 9Bühler, Georg, 291, 295, 308Burnell, A. C., 13, 18Burrow, Thomas, 39, 235, 238, 240, 241, 242,
243, 245, 246, 314, 330Burton, A.M., 524
Caldwell, Robert, 240, 245, 248Cameron, Deborah, 431, 437Canagarajah, Suresh, 26Candan, A., 524Cardona, George, 191, 195, 202, 203, 205,
206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215,218, 219, 220, 314
Carter, M., 504Cavanagh, John, 393Chaitanya, Krishna, 4, 5--6Chaklader, Snehamoy, 134Chakrabarti, Sukla, 219Challapalli, Swaroopa Rani, 456, 459Chandrasekhar, A., 432Chari, V. K., 219, 220Chatterjee, Kaylan K., 22Chatterji, Suniti Kumar, 77, 108, 254, 258,
259, 261, 323Chaturvedi, M.G., 126Chaudhry, Nazir Ahmad, 321Chen, Tingguang, 360Chernyshev, V.A., 254Chib, Som Nath, 17Chidanandamurthy, M., 328, 330Chion, Michel, 395Chitre, Dilip, 452Chomsky, Noam, 479Cicourel, Aaron V., 356Clarke, Hyde, 15Clarke, Sandra, 438
Clements, J. Clancy, 254, 260Coates, Jennifer, 437Cohn, Bernard S., 27Collins, S., 425Comrie, Bernard, 49, 50, 52, 71Cook, Nilla Cram, 6Coulmas, Florian, 308Cowar, Nilmani, 10Coward, Harold, 520Crawford, Mary, 432, 441Crosby, Faye, 435
Damsteegt, T., 502, 507, 512Dangle, Arjun, 451, 464Dani, Ahmed Hasan, 287, 289, 291, 308Daniels, Peter T., 285, 294, 308Das Gupta, Bhidu Bhusan, 258Das Gupta, Jyotrindra, 25Das, Sisir kumar, 4, 432Dasgupta, Probal, 25, 27Datta, Kalikindar, 323Davidar, David, 347Davison, Alice, 68de Silva, M.W. Sugathapala, 255Denny, J. Peter, 276Deo, Veena, 456, 464Deshpande, Madhav M., 177, 314Devi, Sarju, 73, 77Dhadphale, M.G., 220Dhammika, Ven S., 364Dharmadasa, 258Dharmadasa, K.N.O., 38, 255, 273, 322Dharwadkar, Vinay, 28Dhayagude, Suresh, 219, 220Dil, Anwar S., 26Diringer, David, 291, 308Dissanayake, Wimal, 28, 395, 402Domingue, N. C., 498, 508Doniger, Wendy, 363, 441Dorian, Nancy, 163Drakich, Janice, 438Dressler, Wolfgang U., 163Dryer, M., 60D’souza, Jean, 25, 51, 328, 352, 355Dua, Hans R., 133, 136, 228, 316Dube, Leela, 444Dubey, V. S., 532Duff, Alexandra, 10Dulai, N.K., 130Dwivedi, H., 410
Eade, John, 517Eames, Edwin, 525Eckert, Penelope, 443Edwards, John, 437
Author Index602
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Edwards, Viv, 444Ekka, Francis, 148Ekvall, R. B., 414Emeneau, Murray B., 2, 48, 51, 53, 58, 60, 75,
77, 125, 177, 220, 238, 240, 241, 242,243, 244, 246, 311, 330, 331, 352
Engblom, Philip, 451Erikson, Erik, 468, 469, 479
Fairclough, Norman, 412Faruqi, Shamsur Rahman, 82Fehderau, Harold W., 266, 267Ferdman, Bernardo M., 360Ferguson, Charles A., 2, 25, 27, 143, 248, 328,
350, 355Ferguson, Donald William, 23Fernando, Chitra, 26Firth, John R., 9Fishman, Joshua Andrew, 328Fishman, P.M., 438Fowler, Murray, 242Fowler, R., 412Fox, J. A., 253Frankel, Richard, 354Freed, Alice F., 430Frykenberg, Robert, 315
Gaeffke, Peter, 407Gair, James, 68, 71Gallwey, Mary, 364Gambhir, S. K., 55, 504, 506, 507, 508, 509,
512, 513Ganeshsundaram, P. C., 237Gargesh, Ravinder, 103, 119Gautam, M.K., 498, 502, 508, 511, 513Gee, J. P., 351Geertz, Clifford, 441Gerow, Edwin, 219, 220Ghaffar, Muzaffar A., 26Ghosh, Arunabha, 135Gibson, M.A., 525, 531, 532Girami, Qadir, 107Gluck, Sherna Berger, 444Goffin, Raymond C., 17Goffman, Erving, 353Goody, Esther N., 356Goody, Jack, 272, 274, 275Gopal, Ram, 135, 140, 141, 150Gopal, Sarvalli, 136Goswami, Upendranath, 258Grant, Charles, 8Gray, John, 440Greenberg, Joseph H., 50, 52, 56Gregory, R. G., 497Grierson, George A., 34, 312
Griffin, Michael, 393Gumperz, John J., 25, 54, 164, 165, 237, 238,
350Gupta, Dipankar, 352Gupta, R. S., 142Guru, Kamata Prasad, 99Gwynn, J. P. L., 65
Haas, Mary R., 432Hall, Kira, 442Hall, Robert A. Jr., 257Hall, Stuart, 417Halliday, Michael A.K., 345, 358Halverson, John, 23, 26Haque, Anjum Riyazul, 26Hardiman, D., 283Hart, George L., 416Harvey, David, 405Hasan, Ruqaiya, 358Havanur, Srinivasa, 328Havelock, Eric Alfred, 275Hawkins, R. E., 13Hazra, Kanai Lal, 219Hegde, R. S., 531Heimann, Betty, 359Helweg, Arthur W., 525Helweg, Usha M., 525Hettiaratchi, D. F., 26Hickey, Ramond, 23Hildyard, Aangela, 284Hill, B., 354Hinnells, John R., 520Hobbs, S., 513Hobson–Jobson, Henry Yule, 469Hock, Hans Henrich, 51, 53, 54, 235, 238, 397Hodge, B., 412Hodge, Robert, 412Holle, K. F., 308Holm, John, 253Hook, Peter E., 69Hooper, John S.M., 407, 411, 425Hosali, Priya, 19, 255, 469Hossain, M., 527Huges, Douglas, 364Hunt, Cecil, 19Hussainmiya, B. A., 255, 264Hwang, Juck–Ryoon, 354
Ide, Sachiko, 354Ikuta, S., 354Imayam, 459Ishtiaq, M., 143, 146, 147, 150, 152, 166Itagi, N.H., 229Itkonen, Esa, 220Iyengar, K. R. Srinivasa, 272
Author Index 603
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Jaeggli, Osvaldo , 67Jain, Dhanesh , 433Jain, J. K., 380Jain, S., 425Jaina, Devendra Kumåra, 219Jaina, Jagadı�s Candra, 219Jaini, P. S., 425James, Deborah, 438Jayaram, B.D., 229Jensen, Hans, 291, 308Joshi, S. D., 213Joshi, Svati, 463
Kachru, Braj B., 1, 2, 7, 10, 13, 19, 23, 25, 28,51, 103, 109, 114, 124, 126, 143, 228,238, 255, 352, 357, 385, 393, 402, 404,521, 532
Kachru, Yamuna, 25, 28, 58, 60, 68, 73, 74,81, 98, 99, 100, 124, 329, 337, 345, 348,353, 355, 356, 357, 359, 360, 521, 532
Kak, Aadil A., 132Kakar, Sudhir, 346, 347Kalra, Ashok, 330Kandiah, Thiru, 23, 26, 28Kaplan, Robert B., 322Katbamna, Savita, 444Katre, Sumitra Mangesh, 25Kaufman, Terrence, 257, 266Kawasaki, A., 354Keenan, Elinor, 435Kelkar, Ashok R., 24Kellogg, Samuel Henry, 86Kemper, Steven, 393Kennedy, Audrey A.H., 26Kerswill, Paul, 266Keshari, Biseshwar P., 136Kevichusa, Mimi, 57Khan, Farhat, 437Khubchandani, Lachman M., 25, 127, 157,
228, 229Kindersley, A. F., 17, 18King, Christopher R., 316King, Robert D., 136, 143, 311, 312, 313, 315,
316, 317, 318, 319, 321, 324Kiparsky, Paul, 206, 207, 213Kishore, Satyendra, 323Kishwar, Madhu, 429Klaiman, M.H., 320Kluyev, Boris I., 313, 317Koerner, E. F. K., 220Koh, T. J., 66Kondapi, C., 501Koul, Ashok K., 69Koul, Omkar N., 51, 69, 432Kramarae, Cheris, 354, 435
Kress, Gunther, 412Krishan, Shree, 355Krishna, Sumi, 313Krishnamurthy, K., 236, 397Krishnamurti, Bhadriraaju. [Bh.], 24, 25, 65,
122, 127, 328, 330Krishnaswamy, N., 28Kuiper, F. B. J., 58, 60Kulke, Hermann, 315Kulli, Jayavant S., 220Kumar, Braj Bihari, 253Kumar, N., 281, 283Kumar, Raj, 457Kumaraswami Raja, N., 220Kunjunni Raja, K., 239
Labov, William, 436Labru, G. L., 19Laddu, S. D., 213Lakey, Jane, 519, 520Lakoff, Robin, 434, 435, 437, 438Lakshmi Narasaiah, G., 465Lal, B., 504Lal, Chaman, 457Lankshear, Colin, 274Law, Anne L., 431Law, Bimala Churn, 219Law, Narendra Nath, 8Lee, Motoko, 435Leonard, Karen I., 525, 526, 527Levinson, Stephen C., 349, 353, 356Lewis, Ivor, 13, 19Limbale, Shankarkumar, 453Lingat, Robert, 363Luke, A., 412Lust, Barbara, 68
Macmillan, Michael, 14, 15Madan, T. N., 279, 280Mahajani, Usha, 502Mahapatra, Bijoy P., 144, 148Mahboob, Ahmar, 132Majumdar, Ramesh C., 323Malinowski, Brownislaw, 486Malla, Kamal Prakash, 322Mallikarjun, B., 142, 229, 312Maltz, Daniel, 439Manoharan, S., 33, 46, 143, 145, 146, 153,
157, 224, 233, 278Mansoor, Sabiha, 132, 150, 321Marek, Jan, 103, 104, 105, 107, 109, 110Mascarenhas–Keyes, Stella, 444Masica, Colin P., 2, 34, 51, 52, 77, 125, 258,
291–305, 308, 311, 352Mathai, Samuel, 7
Author Index604
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Maurer, Walter H., 196, 208, 220McAlpin, David W., 32McConnell-Ginet, Sally, 431, 443McCormack, William, 350McDonald, 378McGregor, Ronald Stuart, 87, 425Mead, Margaret, 441Mehrotra, Arvind Krishna, 28Mehrotra, Raja Ram, 28, 350, 351, 432Meraj, Shaheen, 389Mesthrie, Rajend, 497, 501, 502, 504, 506,
507, 508, 511, 514Metz, Christian, 405Minocha, Urmilla, 525, 526Miranda, Rocky V., 423, 425Mirza, Mohammad Wahid, 110Mishra, Pramod, 515Misra, Vijay, 499Mitry, Jean, 405Moag, R., 501, 502, 508, 512Modood, Tariq, 519, 520Mohan Lal, S., 503Mohan, Peggy Ramesar, 502, 503, 508Mohanan, K. P., 73Mohanty, Chandra Talpade, 430Mohapatra, Urmila, 515Monier-Williams, Monier, 354Moon, Vasant, 454Mufwene, Salikoko, 508Mugler, F., 503Mühlhäusler, Peter, 507Mujib, 119Mukherjee, Aditi, 25, 127, 328, 330,
529Mukherjee, S., 2Mukherji, Amulyadhan, 220Mukhfi (Zebunnisa), 107Mukta, Parita, 283Munda, Ram D., 136Murlidhar, T., 458, 461Murthy, Lalitha, 70, 73, 75Muthiah, S., 13
Nadkarni, Mangesh V., 2, 238, 244, 333Nagamma Reddy, K., 435Nagaraj, D. R., 458Nagarajan, S., 28Nagendra, 220, 410Naipaul, V. S., 1Nair, V. Saratchandaran, 503Nanda, Serena, 441, 442Naqvi, 117Narasimhaiah, C. D., 136Narayan, K., 274Narayanan, Vasudha, 416
Nayak, H.M., 248Nayar, Baldev Raj, 316Naziri, 109Nazroo, James, 519, 520Nelson, Cecil L., 28, 521Nichols, Patricia, 443Nida, Eugene, 266, 267Nigam, R. C., 225, 227Nihalani, Paroo, 469Nimbalkar, Waman, 462Nitti-Dolci, Luigia, 219Norman, K. R., 186, 197, 219Nyquist, Linda, 435
O’Donovan, Veronica, 442Oakley, Ann, 431Ogino, T., 354Ohala, Manjari, 85Olson, David R., 276, 284Omar, Kaleem, 26Ong, Walter J., 274Oxenham, John, 274
Panayi, Panikos, 520Pandharipande, Rajeshwari, 25, 65, 350, 397,
407, 414, 416, 419, 420, 422Pandian, M. S. S., 402, 454, 460Pandit, Ira, 350, 355, 356Pandit, Prabodh B., 2, 25, 51, 54, 125, 164,
229, 278, 329, 351, 352Pantawane, Gangadhar, 453Parakrama, Arjuna, 28, 322Parpola, Asko, 33, 308Pasoloni, Pier Paolo, 405Patai, Daphne, 444Pathak, R. S., 437Pattanayak, Debi Prasanna, 144Paulston, Christina Bratt, 164Peach, Ceri, 517Peng, Fred D.D., 435Peterson, Indira Viswanathan, 416Petievich, Carla, 525Pillai, R. C., 503Pind, Ole Holten, 219, 220Pollock, Sheldon, 224Polomé, Edgar C., 313Possehl, Gregory L., 308Prabhakaran, Varijakshi, 501, 503Prasad, M. Madhava, 399, 403Punalekar, S. P., 454, 464Pushp, P. N., 6, 409, 422
Radhakrishna, B., 248Radloff, Carla F., 34, 47Raghavan, Venkatarama, 220, 272
Author Index 605
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Raheja, Gloria Goodwin, 283, 444Rahman, S. S. A., 105Rahman, Tariq, 8, 26, 126, 128, 129, 132, 133,
142, 170, 172, 321, 383, 425Rai, Amrit, 81, 82, 425Rai, Mannu Lal ‘falsafi’, 106Raina, A.M., 54, 55Raj, S. J., 352Raj, Sebasti L., 352Ram, Tulsi, 28Ramakrishna Reddy, B., 337Ramanujan, A.K., 2, 51, 52, 239, 248, 250,
351, 410, 421, 449Ramarao, C., 337Ramchand, K., 514Ramírez, Arnulfo G., 360Rampton, M. B.H., 521Ramyead, Lutchmee Parsad, 513Ranade, R. D., 407, 410, 413Rangaswamy, Padma, 516, 525Rao, Raja, 526Rao, Subba, G., 20, 21Ratnavibhushana, Ashley, 402Raychaudhuri, H. D., 323Raza, Moonis, 147Remlinger, Kathryn A., 444Renou, Louis, 195Richter, Julius, 8Roberts, T. T., 19Robertson, Roland, 417Robinson, Francis, 381Robinson, Vaughan, 516, 517Roland, Alan, 347, 348, 353Romaine, Suzanne, 259, 431, 474Rose-Marie Weber, 360Rothermund, Dietmar, 315Roy, Ramashray, 311Roy, Rammohan, 9Ruberu, Ranjit, 8Ruegg, David Seyfort, 195Rushdie, Salman, 14Russell, Ralph, 87Rypka, Jan, 110
Safir, Kenneth, 67Saghal, Anju, 25, 437Sakthivel, S., 220Salomon, Richard, 289, 291, 308Samarin, W. J., 505Sankoff, Gillian, 509Sapir, Edward, 432Saran, Parmatma, 525Saroop, 104
Sastri, Korada Mahadeva, 244Satchidanandan, K., 281, 282, 283Sathasivam, A., 26Satyanath, T. S., 529Sawhney, Sabina, 442Saxena, A., 50Scharfe, Hartmut, 191, 192, 195, 196, 197,
198, 202, 208, 212, 213, 218, 219, 220Schiffman, Harold F., 24, 351, 407Schimmel, Annemarie, 411, 425Schirmer, Jennifer G., 429Schmidt, 87Schuchardt, H., 18, 19Schwartz, Dona, 393Schwartzberg, Joseph E., 313, 318Sekhar, Anantaramayyar Chandra, 244Sen, A. P., 17Sen, Sukumar, 434Shackle, Christopher, 129, 407, 414, 425Shah, A. B., 21, 22Shamin, Fauzia, 26Shanmugam Pillai, M., 143, 248, 351Shanmugan, S.V., 328, 329Shapiro, Michael C., 24, 351, 407Sharma, Aryendra, 87Sharma, Rajesh, 361Sharma, Rama Nath, 202, 205, 208, 209, 210,
220Sharma, Shakuntala, 228Sharma, Shri Ram, 124Sherring, Matthew A., 8Shivapurkar, H. S., 458Shukla, Ramchandra, 410Siegel, Jeff, 266, 500, 503, 504, 505, 511, 512,
513Silverstein, Michael, 412Singer, Milton, 348Singh, Harjinder, 352, 425Singh, K. S., 143, 145, 146, 153, 157, 224,
233, 278Singh, M. P., 365, 368Singh, Rajendra, 25, 28Singh, S., 126Singh, Udaya Narayana, 26, 144, 145, 147,
350Sinha, A.K., 113Sjoberg, Andrée F., 241, 242Sjoberg, Gideon, 241Smith, Ian, 253, 254, 266Smith, Patten, 519, 520Smith-Pearse, T. L. N., 17Sommer, Anton F.W., 258Sontaag, Salma, 169
Author Index606
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Sopher, David E., 311Southworth, Franklin C., 255Spender, Dale, 435Sreedevi, B., 435Sreedhar, M.V., 229, 254, 258, 259, 263,
265Sreekantaiya, T. N., 241Sridhar, Kamal K., 25, 26, 355, 402, 515, 518,
525, 528, 529, 532Sridhar, S. N., 2, 25, 58, 73, 228, 235, 237,
238, 240, 327, 328, 329, 330, 332, 333,335, 337, 338, 341, 368, 369, 401, 402,404, 525, 528, 529, 532
Srinivas, M.N., 239, 248, 346, 347, 348Srivastava, Gopi Nath, 26Srivastava, Ravindra Nath, 25, 82, 133, 134,
135, 136, 142, 143, 145, 150, 330, 350,355, 356, 359
Staal, J. Frits, 412Stearns, Peter N., 138Street, Brian V., 273, 274Subbarao, Karumuri V., 49, 50, 57, 58, 60, 64,
67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 75, 77Subramonian, V. I., 237Sukthankar, V. S., 24Sweet, Michael J., 441
Taftah, Har Gopal, 107Tagare, Ganesh Vasudev, 219Tannen, Deborah, 430, 439Taylor, Douglas, 266Taylor, Gordon, 360Taylor, Issac, 308Thapar, Romila, 187, 313, 314Theva Rajan, A., 322Thirugnasambandhan, P., 420Thirumalai, M. S., 133Thomason, Sarah G., 257, 266Thompson, John B., 345Thumboo, Edwin, 26Tikku, G. L., 108Tinker, Hugh, 498, 499, 500, 513Tirumalesh, K.V., 338Tiwari, Bhola Nath, 359Tongue, R. K., 469Torrance, Nancy, 284Toynbee, Arnold J., 315Treichler, Paula, 354Trew, T., 412Troemel-Ploetz, Senta, 438Trubetzkoy, 51, 53Trudgill, Peter, 436, 504, 505
Tulpule, Shankar Gopal, 407Turner, Sir Ralph, 24Turner, Barry, 382, 384
Ukyab, Tamla, 167Ullrich, Helen E., 445Umar, M., 111Underwood, Ellis, 13Unger, Rhoda, 441Upadhyaya, U. P., 237, 238Upadhye, A. N., 219
Valentine, Tamara, 429, 432, 435, 438, 439,445
Vamplew, Tim, 517Van Bekkum, Wout Jac, 220van Elteren, Mel, 393Vani, V., 229Varma, Baidya Nath, 516Varma, Ram Kumar, 410Varma, Siddheshwar, 312Varma, Udayanarayana, 320Vasanthakumari, T., 435Vatuk, Sylvia, 432Vaudeville, C., 280Verghese, Anila, 272Verhagen, Pieter C., 219Verma, Dhirendra, 81, 82Verma, Yugeshwar P., 26, 73Vetterling-Braggin, M., 435Vijayasarathi, G., 503Virdee, Satnam, 519, 520Vishwanathan, Gauri, 28Viswanath, K., 393Vogel, Claus, 191, 220Vogt, Hans, 238von Hinber, Oskar, 197Vyas, B. S., 359Vygotsky, L. S., 276
Wadhwa, Kamlesh K., 140, 141, 150Wadia, Ardeshir R., 23Wadley, Susan, 444Wali, Kashi, 51, 68, 69Warder, A. K., 220, 272, 284Warikoo, K., 409, 422Watters, Steve, 169Weil, Shalva, 435Weinreich, Uriel, 51West, C., 438Whinnom, Keith, 256Whitworth, George C., 20
Author Index 607
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information
Whorf, Benjamin Lee, 202Williams, P.M., 414Williams, Raymond B., 520Williams, Walter L., 441Wilson, Robert, 54, 237, 238Wolpert, Stanley, 5, 9, 313, 314, 320, 321Woollcombe, David, 466Worden, N.A., 498Wright, Arnold, 19--20
Yadav, Yogendra P., 26Yule, Henry, 13, 18
Zakaria, Fareed, 467, 469Zelliot, Eleanor, 450, 451, 456, 464Zimmerman, D.H., 438Zoppi, Kathleen, 354Zvelebil, Kamil Veith, 220, 407, 416Zwilling, Leonard, 441
Author Index608
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-78653-9 - Language in South AsiaEdited by Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru and S. N. SridharIndexMore information