Market Scenario & BSNL statustraining.bsnl.co.in/DIGITAL_LIBRARY_SOURCE/upgradation/E2... · 2019-03-15 · in Summer Long arise E-W with slight till towards NE-SW. Minimum glass

For internal circulation of BSNL only

E2-E3

Architecture TECHNICAL

Architectural Design An Overview

WELCOME

• This is a presentation for the E2-E3 Architecture

Technical Module for the Topic: Architectural Design

An Overview.

• Eligibility: Those who have got the Up-gradation to from

E2 to E3.

• This presentation is last updated on 06-04-2011.

• You can also visit the Digital library of BSNL to see this

topic.



AGENDA

Introduction

The functional efficiency of a building

Orientation of buildings

Building Shape

Room Location

Types of Shading Devices

Problems

Suggestions

An house is a dream of every human being.Buildings are the basic infrastructure required for anydevelopment activity.

He is most concerned with Civil/Electrical BuildingServices.

For that, we have to provide the preventive as well ascorrective maintenance to the buildings effectively andqualitatively.

Introduction


Functional Efficiency Of A Building

• The functional efficiency of a building is governed by severalconsiderations

• Building orientation

• Building Shape

• Room location

• Evaluation of best orientation

• Shading of window.

• Window sizes for natural ventilation.

• Location

• Planning & Climatic condition.


The selection of optimum orientation of buildings, other

factors like the

Direction of wind,

Rainfall and

Site conditions

orientation.

In the most of the cases; buildings byelaws and other

regulations do not permit selection of optimum orientation.

Where best orientation is not possible for a building, the

next choice for good orientation is

compromise amongst solar and climate data available

for the place,.

Orientation of buildings


For the practical evaluation of correct orientation for any

specific building

It is necessary to know its shape,

The location of various shading devices, and The shaded

and un shaded areas during the day.

From this, It is possible to locate the living rooms where

other portions of the buildings provide shade during summer

afternoon.

Exposed surfaces can be shaded by overhangs of verandah.

Building Shape


Room location is also as important as the choice of properorientation.

• Excessive solar heat inside rooms can be offset by

favorauble breeze during the period of occupancy.

• Location of window

• Deviation up to 30degree from the direction of optimum wind

makes only slight reduction in wind velocity available inside

the room.

• Sun breakers and louvers on windows may also serve as

good wind scoops.

Room Location


• The best orientation from building as a whole should receive

maximum solar radiation In winter and minimum in summer.

• Normally roofs are horizontal

• The total amount of solar radiation incident on different

vertical surface may be calculated for all possible orientations

of the buildings.

• It has been observed that heat gain through glazed window is

many times as compared that through solid wall.

Evaluation of Best Orientation


•The minimum window area for a given building is mainly

worked based upon adequate heat gain factors for 15

percent glazing area

•From this, it is clear that adequate protection against

solar heat is essential by shading the windows.


There are different methods of reducing solar heat gains

through glasses.

Shading devices used are generally classified into three

groups:

• Requirement of Ventilation are two-fold.

• for health

• for thermal comfort.

1.For Health

• Certain minimum air change are required to occur in a given

occupancy.

• The desired number of minimum air changes depends on the

type of occupancy and density of occupation.

Types of Shading Devices


Recommendations

Orientation to minimize heat

in Summer

Long arise E-W with slight till

towards NE-SW.

Minimum glass area Satisfying day light

Requirement.

At least 2/3 area Open able for natural

ventilation

Window height >1.2 M

Light shelf Beyond 1.0-1.2M

Sill Height 1.0-1.2 m above floor

Shading coeff. 0.3 for AC bldg. 0.5 for non AC

bldg


Recommendations

Transmittance of Window

glazing

low heat/light Ratio

Interior finish Ceiling white walls of white

Fluorescent TL 36 watt 26 mm diameter

Luminaire Mirror Optic

CFL in mirror optics For corridors staircase and

toilets

Cleaning schedule for

Luminaire &window Panes

3 to 6 months internal

White washing/distemper

Interior finish

2 to 3 years.

Automatic switching off During lunch time


1. For achieving maximum benefit from natural wind, without

losing any beneficial aspect of the breeze.

2. buildings need not necessarily be orientated perpendicular

it may be oriented at any convenient angle between 0

degree and 30 degree

3. If the prevailing wind is from East or West, buildings can

be oriented at 45 degree incident wind for diminishing the

solar heat without affecting the air motion indoors.

4. In the case of room with only one wall exposed to outside,

provision of two windows is preferred to that of a single

window.

Orientation


Spatial issues

Flexible planning of the layout

Planning of the payout means placing the activities in

particular positions in a building

Interrelationship of the activities main

Communication routes and

Environmental requirements for specific activities.

This can be achieved by the following:


Avoiding too tightly designed spaces which accommodate only

present day requirements.

Both the plan and floor-to-floor height need to be considered.

Vertical communications and vertical ducting of services

should be located so that horizontal communication and

distribution lines are not too long

. Wide structural spans will provide better flexibility of layout.

The plant should be spacious and easily accessible for both

people and equipment. I

It should be located at the ground level or in a separate

building.


Energy conservation issues

Maximizing de-lighting, natural ventilation and use of

Renewable resources

This is achieved by avoiding the need for air-conditioning

through the use of shallow plans which permit natural

ventilation and day lighting.

Solar gains in summer are avoided by shading and correct

orientation.

Passive solar gains, particularly for ventilation preheat, and

night ventilation for cooling, are also considered.


Energy conservation performance profile

• Building orientation,

• exposure to winds,

• overshadowing by neighbors,

• Building form,

• U values,

• building plan vs. heating adjustment, type of glazing,

• Solar energy use and control

• Cooling/ventilation system,

• Lighting system. lighting control, plan depth, day lighting

area, resources for lighting,


Departmental Practical problem

The objectives of the maintenance of buildings are:

To preserve the building and its services in good operating

conditions.

In case of disorder, to restore it back in original condition.


Most of the maintenance problems are inherit ant in nature

and may be due to defective planning, coordination and

execution.

There should be proper planning and coordination in

various disciplines, like Civil/Electrical, Architect and user as

well.

Subsequent dismantling in building, due to lack of

coordination and planning, not only weakens the structure

but also creates complex maintenance problems.

• We can ensure a long period of trouble-free maintenance

with minimum cost, if we keep in our mind the following key

issues:

a) A building should be well conceived by an Architect keeping

in view the maintenance and serviceability aspect.

b) A structure should be well designed based on sound

engineering principles and practices.

c) Structure should be well constructed using quality material

and workmanship.

Suggestions


• Precautions In Planning Stage

Part -2


Precautions In Planning StageTo Architect For Department

1. Rain water pipes should be spaced around the building

Landings of stair case at terrace level to prevent rain water

coming inside.

2. Sufficient space should be provided for workmen.

3. v) Shaft should be accessible at every floor and should have

adequate light and ventilation.

4. (viii) External walls should be protected by projection of atleast

60 cm at roof level to break the flow of water and for

maintenance convenience.

5. Terraces should be accessible

6. (ix) Chajjas with upward facia should be avoided which will

obstruct the free flow of waterFor internal circulation of BSNL only

7. Shaft should be accessible at every floor

8. External walls should be protected by projection of atleast 60

cm at roof level to break the flow of water and for maintenance

convenience.

9. Chajjas with upward facia should be avoided which will

obstruct the free flow of water.

10. Closed boxes in the elevation should be avoided.

11. External walls should not be exposed concrete or porous sand

stone tile veneering.

12. Concealed rain water and sanitary pipes should be strictly

avoided. (xiii) Water bodies like, toilets, kitchen, water coolers

etc. should be nearer to the shaft to minimize the distance of

horizontal water disposal pipesFor internal circulation of BSNL only

Precautions In Planning Stage

13. A space for desert coolers and window A.C. should be

clearly earmarked

14. sufficient space at 7 feet above the floor level must be

planned for storage purpose in residential quarter

15. Sufficient number of shelves in kitchen must be provided

16. More electrical points must be provided in kitchen

because nowadays more electro-mechanical appliances

are used.


17. A space for washing machines must be planned.

18.Head way, landings & width of staircase etc must be

designed keeping in view of shifting of house-hold goods.

19.Solar movement from north to south equinox must also be

kept in mind while planning the orientation of balconies

20.Main door of quarters should preferably be of single leaf for

safety point of view.

21. Traditionally locally available material and constructions

practices should be adopted.

22. Space for putting T & P & materials for civil. Maintenance

should be provided in each colony and all other department’s

building.

23. All the features required for electrical installations and

user’s installation should be incorporated in working drawings

to avoid any subsequent dismantling.


24. Grating at the entrance of public buildings with square

steel bars to catch the dust & mud from the shoes must

be provided Spacing of bars should be such that it may

not catch the heel of the shoes & these should be fixed

perpendicular to the direction of movement.

25. A sunken mat area at entrance should also be

planned.

26. Provision of Inspection Quarters must be made in all

the major telephone exchange buildings.


27. In staff quarters, provision for providing sufficient number, of

permanent vertical pipes, to fix the T.V. antennae, should be

made at terrace to avoid any damage to W. P. treatment.

28. Provision of hoisting girder in structural design should not

be forgotten in T.E . buildings.

29. The over flow pipe from O\H storage tank should be taken

directly to the rain water pipe . If two or more tanks are there

they should be inter connected at top .

30. A working platform of steel structure should be provided

0.90 to 1.2 m below the floor level in each shaft along with

the provision of foot rest so that maintenance staff can use

these.


31. For balcony and staircase, floor landings should be

depressed 15 mm. & sufficient slope should also to be

provided towards spout

32. Minimum depression in toilets should be 600 mm and in

bathrooms & Kitchens should be 300 mm.

33. For balcony and staircase, floor landings should be

depressed 15 mm. & sufficient slope should also to be

provided towards spout

34. Minimum depression in toilets should be 600 mm and in

bathrooms & Kitchens should be 300 mm.


35. We should start the use of Flushing Valves instead of

flushing cisterns in W.C. & urinals . Because

maintenance of cisterns is a big problem


36.Provision of O/H storage tank capacity must be increased

in staff quarters from traditional 270 litres it should be 750

litres.

37.There should some standard colour coding system for

identifying the plumbing & drainage piping system.

38.Expansion Joints should not be provided in toilets portion.

39. Shelves in Kitchen, bathrooms & cupboards of Bed

room etc should be of Kota, Kadappa or similar stones

instead of traditional wooden or R.C.C shelves.

40. Flush shutters and MDF shutters are not suitable for

external doors, sanitary shaft, toilets, bathrooms &

kitchen etc. Panneled shutters should be preferred.

41. Aluminium Sliding door bolts are not safe on entry

doors for safety point of view these should be of mild

steel.

42. Window sills should be provided of Kota, Kadappa or

similar stone keeping the slope outwards.

43. In heavy rainfall areas & coastal regions, powder

coated Aluminum window should be provided.

44. There should be no compromise in deciding the plinth

level of buildings. Future raising of municipal roads

45. Complete drainage plan should be prepared in

advance.For internal circulation of BSNL only


Documents

Market Scenario & BSNL statustraining.bsnl.co.in/DIGITAL_LIBRARY_SOURCE/upgradation/E2... · 2019-03-15 · in Summer Long arise E-W with slight till towards NE-SW. Minimum glass