Market Entry Benchmark of Wired and Wireless Technologies with Projections

Source: M. Dècina, 2014, based on data by Bell Labs, G. Fettweis, and others

DSL Access

1Kbit/s

10Kbit/s

100Kbit/s

1Mbit/s

10Mbit/s

100Mbit/s

1Gbit/s

10Gbit/s

100Gbit/s

1Tbit/s

10Tbit/s

100Tbit/s

1Pbit/s

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

DSL Access WLAN Access Cellular Access

Optical Access Optical Backbone

560 Tbit/s Capacity Limit

1,300-1,620 nm Band

Optical Backbone

Optical Access

WLAN Access

Cellular Access

GPON

10GPON

WDM-PON

NG-PON2

GSM GPRS

3G- Edge

HSDPA

HSPA

LTE

LTE Advanced

LTE Beyond

ISDN

ADSL

ADSL2+ VDSL2

Vectoring

802.11

802.11b

802.11ag 802.11n

802.11ac/ad

Multimode

G.Fast 5G

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 1

NFV Orchestration Architecture

• Orchestration Platform • Platform to mechanize

management of the life cycle of Virtual Network Functions

• It is composed by several modules, to be offered by different vendors

• Virtual Network Functions • Set of virtual machines

implementing network functions and/or virtualized services

• Infrastructure • Geographically distributed domain

• Includes physical and virtual resources made available by virtualization layer

OSS / BSS

PoP PoP

Servers Switching Storage

PoP

Infrastructure

Physical Topology

VNF

VNF

VNF

VNF

Virtual Network Functions

Logical Topology

Orchestrator

Virtualized Infrastructure

Manager

VNF Manager(s)

Orchestration Platform

Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 2 DEIB–Politecnico di Milano

Source: ETSI, 2014 ZOOM – Zero-touch Orchestration, Operations and Management

Cloud RAN Architecture: Fronthauling & Backhauling

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 3

Laye

r-3

Laye

r-2

Syn

c.

Bas

eban

d

Rad

io

RF

Am

p.

Legacy Base Station backhaul

Traditional Architecture

Remote site

Coax Cable

Distributed Architecture (partial centralization)

Distributed Architecture (full centralization)

CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface)

BaseB .

Radio

RF Amp .

BBU

backhaul

Remote site

RRH

Central Office

Fronthauling

(100m → 10 km)

CPRI

Laye

r-3

Laye

r-2

Syn

c.

Radio

RF Amp .

BBU

backhaul

Remote site

RRH

Central Office

Fronthauling (100m → 10 km)

CPRI Edge Computing: BTS Virtualization, Hetnets, …

Cost of LTE GByte in North America 2014-2020

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 4

Source: Bell Labs, 2016

IoT Market Applications

Massive IoT

Transport & Logistics Fleet management

Asset tracking

Agricolture Agricolture & cattle

monitoring

Environment Monitoring

(climate, water, air, noise,…)

Industry Process monitoring

& control Vending machines

People Wereable sensors Child/animals tracking Healt care monitoring

Smart City Smart biking Smart ligthing Parking sensors

Public Enterprise Smart metering Capillary network

Smart Building Smoke detectors Alarms Domotics

Mission critical

IoT Industry Remote control Factory automation Collaborative robots

Person-object interaction Immersive augmented reality Immersive gaming, Tactile internet

Security Goods & people protection Device to device, 3D – Drones Environment protection: earthquake/flooding

Automotive V2I, V2V, V2P, V2C Car entertainment Traffic control

Medicine Remote surgery E-health: life critical Biomedical sensing

Public Enterprise Smart grid automation Video surveillance

High availability High reliability

Low latency High capacity

Low cost Low power Low capacity High number of devices

Low Power solutions

High-reliability, Low Latency solutions

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 5

Source: Ericsson, 2015

IoT Communications Protocols

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 6

Source: A. Capone, Politecnico di Milano, 2016

LPWA Cellular like

Cellular eats IoT!

Diversified Challenges and Gaps to Reach 5G

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 7

Network Architecture

Slicing Ability

Required

Connections

1,000K Connections

Per km2

Mobility

500km/h

High-speed Railway

Throughput

10Gbps

Per Connection

Latency

1 ms

E2E Latency

5G

100Mbps 10K 350Km/h 30~50ms Inflexible

LTE G

AP

30~50x 100x 100x 1.5x NFV/SDN

Challenges because many of these requirements are conflicting

Source: Huawei, 2016

5G Application Clusters

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 8

Source: ITU, 2015

eMBB

mMTC uMTC

• Full Virtualization (SDN/NFV)

• Heterogeneous Networks

• Adaptive Radio Interface (multiple RATs)

• New Radio Spectrum (mmWave)

5G Application Verticals

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 9

Mobile Edge Computing: Connected Car Scenario

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 10

Source: ETSI, 2016

5G Network Architecture

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 11

Source: NGMN 5G White Paper, 2015

5G Network Slicing

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 12

Source: NGMN 5G White Paper, 2015

Adaptive (Software Defined) Radio Interface

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 13

Source: Huawei, 2016

Multiple RATs

Beam Forming & Massive MIMO

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 14

Source: Keysight Technologies, 2016

More antennas than user equipment in a single cell? - 64 antennas to start up, than grow to hundreds

Harmonized Spectrum for 5G: US vs. EU

DEIB–Politecnico di Milano Maurizio Dècina, Evolving Telecom Scenarios, 2017 15

Source: Telecom TV, 2016