Mark NovielliMark Novielli

Ron MoralesRon Morales

Joseph O’SullivanJoseph O’Sullivan

•Water source of renewable Water source of renewable energyenergy

•Abundance and potential Abundance and potential energyenergy

•Wave Energy, onshore and Wave Energy, onshore and offshore systemsoffshore systems

•Wave movements: Up and Wave movements: Up and Down, Back and ForthDown, Back and Forth

•Generating electricityGenerating electricity

•Electromagnetic inductionElectromagnetic induction

•Two Rod Magnets; 1”X1” Nd Feb - $30.00Two Rod Magnets; 1”X1” Nd Feb - $30.00•Circuit Board; Perf 3” X 4-1/4” 0.1” - $1.99Circuit Board; Perf 3” X 4-1/4” 0.1” - $1.99•Adjustable Resistor; 24mm 10K 0hm - $2.60Adjustable Resistor; 24mm 10K 0hm - $2.60•10 Pk Switching Diodes - $0.9910 Pk Switching Diodes - $0.99•2 Capacitators; 1000MFD 16V Radial; $1.982 Capacitators; 1000MFD 16V Radial; $1.98•Copper Magnet Wire; 24 GA 1LB – $16.88Copper Magnet Wire; 24 GA 1LB – $16.88•Steel Ruler; 24” - $9.98Steel Ruler; 24” - $9.98•3-4” PVC Pipe -Scrap3-4” PVC Pipe -Scrap•Wood Boards and 2X4’s - ScrapWood Boards and 2X4’s - Scrap

•Nails, Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Zip ties – Nails, Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Zip ties – Around the HouseAround the House

•Creating the Creating the apparatusapparatus

•Winding copper wireWinding copper wire

•Mounting conductors Mounting conductors and magnetsand magnets

•Creating an Creating an Alternating CurrentAlternating Current

•Creating the Creating the Circuit BoardCircuit Board

•Capacitators Capacitators and Resistorand Resistor

•Pulse Direct Pulse Direct CurrentCurrent

•Lighting LED Lighting LED lightlight

V = A X N X dB/dtV = A X N X dB/dt

V= generator output voltage (Volts)V= generator output voltage (Volts)A= cross sectional area of the coil radius A= cross sectional area of the coil radius

(A = πr(A = πr2 2 in metersin meters22))N = number of turns of the wire in the coilN = number of turns of the wire in the coildB/dt = the rate of change of the magnetic field dB/dt = the rate of change of the magnetic field

(Tesla / sec)(Tesla / sec)

•A=.002m, N = 1000, dB/dt = Approx1; V=2A=.002m, N = 1000, dB/dt = Approx1; V=2•Voltage Reading = 2.1VVoltage Reading = 2.1V

•Success at firstSuccess at first

•Broken circuit boardBroken circuit board

•Length and stiffness of the Length and stiffness of the rulerruler

•Consistent motion, Velocity Consistent motion, Velocity of the magnetsof the magnets

Bell Boat RedesignBell Boat Redesign

Existing Design Existing Design

• Calls for a back and forth motionCalls for a back and forth motion

• Few moving partsFew moving parts

• Two induction coilsTwo induction coils

• One magnetOne magnet

RedesignRedesign

• Calls for an up and down motionCalls for an up and down motion

• Few moving partsFew moving parts

• One induction coilOne induction coil

• One magnetOne magnet

Existing DesignExisting Design

• ProsPros– Few moving partsFew moving parts– Two induction coilsTwo induction coils– Can operate in Can operate in

“chop”“chop”

• ConsCons– Design relies on Design relies on

spring rate of spring rate of materialmaterial

– Stress in support Stress in support shaftshaft

– Precision machining Precision machining requiredrequired

New DesignNew Design

• ProsPros– Few moving partsFew moving parts– Lenient tolerances Lenient tolerances

for constructionfor construction– Only significant Only significant

stress is due to own stress is due to own weightweight

– Can be modified Can be modified further via flywheelfurther via flywheel

• ConsCons– One induction coil, One induction coil,

less powerless power– Slow movement, Slow movement,

may not work as may not work as effectively in effectively in “chop”“chop”

– Buoyancy is tricky, Buoyancy is tricky, two buoystwo buoys

Exploring the cons of the old Exploring the cons of the old designdesign

• Spring rate of material is inherent material Spring rate of material is inherent material property, material selection important.property, material selection important.

• Machining needs to be held to a tight Machining needs to be held to a tight tolerance in order to effectively pass tolerance in order to effectively pass magnet through coils.magnet through coils.

• Bending stress analysis: Bending stress analysis: – ∆∆y=FL^3/3EIy=FL^3/3EI– FFmaxmax==σσmaxmaxAA– =4=4σσmaxmaxwL^3/Eb^3wL^3/Eb^3

• Fatigue Analysis Due to Bending stress:Fatigue Analysis Due to Bending stress:– Sn curve for 10^6 lifeSn curve for 10^6 life

Exploring the cons of the Exploring the cons of the redesignredesign

• One induction coil, power output still One induction coil, power output still needs to be exploredneeds to be explored

• Slow movement may present an Slow movement may present an issueissue

• Buoyancy may be trickyBuoyancy may be tricky

What should be done?What should be done?

• Cons of the old design present issues to which Cons of the old design present issues to which there exists no workaround, such as the limitation there exists no workaround, such as the limitation via bending stresses and material spring rates.via bending stresses and material spring rates.

• Cons of the redesign are addressable and fixableCons of the redesign are addressable and fixable– Less power may be accommodated by introducing a Less power may be accommodated by introducing a

flywheel mechanism that stores energyflywheel mechanism that stores energy– Slow movement is also addressed by the introduction of Slow movement is also addressed by the introduction of

a flywheel, this will keep inductor moving through a flywheel, this will keep inductor moving through “waveless periods”“waveless periods”

– Buoyancy can either be calculated or major structure Buoyancy can either be calculated or major structure can be anchored to the sea floor.can be anchored to the sea floor.

Other issues do exist, but Other issues do exist, but according to the major ones according to the major ones presented, the redesign is presented, the redesign is

necessary and appropriate.necessary and appropriate.

Wave data for further Wave data for further analysisanalysis