Mark Calloway Tekran Instruments Corporation Continuous Mercury
Monitoring (CMM) Update of Technology, Applications and
Traceability
Slide 2
2 Presentation Overview 1.CMM Technology Application Updates
2.Importance of Low-Level Measurement Application 3.Abatement
Systems Monitoring 4.NIST Traceability and Ongoing Verification
5.New Industry Installations
Slide 3
3 CMM Technology Application Updates Tekran currently has
nearly 400 CMM- Years of operating experience Key Take Aways
include: 1.CMMs are sophisticated and not as easy to operate and
maintain as conventional CMMs 2.Umbilical failures have occurred on
10 percent of the systems leading to new umbilical designs 3.RATA
testing results indicate high pass rate (>95%) with failures
typically associated with deficient integration, testing and
commissioning protocol. 4.NIST Traceability and Ongoing
Verification Protocol in progress
Slide 4
4 Why Should You Care about Speciation? Emission ratio varies
with fuel type, combustion conditions and emissions control
equipment Vastly different Hg control technologies required Hg 2+
is efficiently removed with wet scrubbers Hg 0 best removed using
injection of carbon absorbents May be beneficial to convert forms
before removal Note periodic inversion of species where Hg2+
exceeds Hg0. Conventional wisdom was that PRB plants emitted mostly
elemental mercury.
6 Tekran Series 3300 Capabilities Speciating Hg T and Hg 0
measured directly Hg 2+ determined by subtraction Typical detection
limit (< 0.05 g/m 3 ) or (~0.005 ppb v/v ) MDL limited by system
blanks, not instrumentation Lower MDL (< 0.01 g/m 3 ) possible
for low Hg applications Update rate: one sample every 2.5 minutes
Remote Monitoring, Analyses and Alarming
Slide 7
7 Advanced QA / QC Features QC capabilities are critical to
assure data quality Detector is separately calibrated (may be used
for ongoing CMM component stability and traceability verification)
Automated multi-point system validation with Hg 0 High delivery
rate mercury calibration source included Either two-point or
multi-point calibration gas values Several automated injection
points within CEM system Through entire system (ie: at tip of probe
stinger) Immediately upstream of dilution orifice Direct into
mercury analyzer Standard additions of elemental mercury to matrix
(spikes) Automated determination of dilution ratio Fully automated,
multi-point HgCl 2 calibrations!
Slide 8
8 Model 2537S Mercury Analyzer Originally designed as an
ambient air mercury analyzer MDL is < 0.1 ng/m 3 Update rate:
every 2.5 minutes Proven reliability under extreme conditions Has
been used in the high Arctic, Antarctica and everywhere in between
Demonstrated long-term stability and accuracy Capable of continuous
unattended operation
Slide 9
9 Principles of Operation Mercury in sample gas is
preconcentrated onto (patd) pure gold cartridge Adsorbed mercury is
thermally desorbed Detected by atomic fluorescence detector Two
cartridges are used to alternately sample and desorb No gaps in
data stream Provides continuous monitoring of inlet stream
Slide 10
10 Near-term Impacts of CAMR Vacature 1.May provide some
breathing room for CMM and Abatement System Customers and Suppliers
2.States will continue to take a proactive role in regulation 3.Cap
and Trade process and approach unlikely 4.New Control Requirements
- more research and action relative to Hg Abatement options and
technologies 5.Outlet Levels of Hg will be lower yet
Slide 11
11 Presentation Overview 1.CMM Technology Application Updates
2.Importance of Low-Level Measurement Application 3.Abatement
Systems Monitoring 4.NIST Traceability and Ongoing Verification
5.New Industry Installations
Slide 12
12 Crystal Balling of CAMR Replacement Legislation (One View)
1.MACT-type approach likely 2.Additional focus on NIST traceability
and CMM System Accuracy 3.Potential renewed investigation of Hg 0,
Hg 2+, and Hg P 4.Potential increased use of CMMs for Abatement
System Control and Optimization 5.Outlet Levels of Hg will be lower
yet
Slide 13
13 Tomorrows RATAs May All Look Like This! (Actual RATA Results
on Tekran 3300 System) Average Difference = 0.09 ug/m 3
15 Presentation Overview 1.CMM Technology Application Updates
2.Importance of Low-Level Measurement Application 3.Abatement
Systems Monitoring 4.NIST Traceability and Ongoing Verification
5.New Industry Installations
Slide 16
16 Mercury Abatement Systems Status (10,000 ft. view)
1.Substantial testing and evaluation completed to date 2.New
technologies being developed and demonstrated 3.Hg Removal rates
are Unit specific and can often exceed 90 % 4.Unit, Plant and
Fleet-wide Hg monitoring and optimization will likely be
implemented 5.If State type rules get traction, utilities will
need: Low-level measurements capability NIST Traceability and
ongoing verification Fleet-wide optimization program for mercury
abatement
Slide 17
17 Example Mercury Abatement Using Sorbent Injection 500MWe
Coal-fired Plant Average Difference = 0.09 ug/m 3 The last 10%
removal may cost another 50% more
Slide 18
18 Presentation Overview 1.CMM Technology Application Updates
2.Importance of Low-Level Measurement Application 3.Abatement
Systems Monitoring 4.NIST Traceability and Ongoing Verification
5.New Industry Installations
Slide 19
19 NIST Traceability Status 1.Most CMMs in the field are not
truly traceable to NIST 2.The protocol was published July 2, 2009
to verify ongoing traceability and stability of CMM systems 3.The
absence of 1 & 2 above means that regulated sources do not
enjoy a level playing field and potentially opens up the market for
gaming. 4.EPA, EPRI, NIST and RMB Consulting are developing ongoing
calibration and stability protocol for CMMs.
21 Initial Certification Hg 0 Uses bracketing Compare certified
reference calibrator to unknown candidate calibrator Three
candidate readings, each bracketed by a reference reading before
and after Ratio of responses used to determine candidates actual
output concentration Eliminates effects of detector drift
Slide 22
22 Initial Certification Hg 0 Certification done at a minimum
of three different concentrations for any user calibrator Low,
medium & high points for linearity check for any span range
High point is also used for daily span checks Each certified
concentration requires three consecutive bracketed readings Entire
sequence repeated twice Yields two groups of three readings,
separated by a few hours Called a 3x3x2 May be done at the vendors
site or on site, using a travelling reference calibrator
Slide 23
23 Standard Certification Points Hg 0
Slide 24
24 Ongoing QA/QC Hg 0 Calibrators are complex devices, with the
possibility of failure while in the field EPA is demanding periodic
QA/QC checks of all field calibrators to ensure that they are still
producing the correct concentrations
Slide 25
25 Periodic QA/Q Checks Hg 0 Once per quarter, calibrator must
be checked against an independent mercury standard at a single
concentration (1x3x1) As a reference, user may use either:
1.Independent reference calibrator 2.Hg gas cylinder 3.Method 30B
cartridges 4.Internal permeation source (Tekran Only) 1, 2 and 3,
above will require on-site testing
Slide 26
26 Field QA/QC Checks - Tekran Tekran has a significant
advantage Each CEM system has an independent, stable mercury source
readily available Model 2537 internal permeation source Can use
this Tekran permeation source as an independent check on 3310
calibrator
Slide 27
27 How does Perm Ratio Test Work ? Step 1: Whenever a 3310
calibrator is freshly certified Perform internal 2537 perm source
lamp adjustment. Record peak areas Feed 3310 output directly into
2537. (Direct Cal) Record peak areas Calculate ratio of peak areas.
Record this value as the Initial Ratio and also record the 3310
certified concentration used for the test
Slide 28
28 How does Perm Ratio Test Work ? Step 2: Periodically (at
least once per week) Perform internal 2537 perm source lamp
adjustment. Record peak areas Feed 3310 output directly into 2537.
(Direct Cal) Record peak areas Calculate Current Ratio of peak
areas. Record this Current Ratio. Use it to calculate an updated
3310 Current concentration If the ratio is the same, it means that
both the perm source and the calibrator still agree with respect to
each other Must agree with Initial Ratio to within 5%
Slide 29
29 Advantages Tekran Perm Ratio Test Requires only running an
automated sequence periodically Fully automated Completely
unattended Data may be extracted manually and compiled into an
ongoing QA/QC report - or - New S/W add-on from Tekran will fully
automate process Compiles latest report Flags warnings and errors
Keeps history of results Test can be run often (even daily)
providing early indication of calibrator failure Sequence can built
in to daily span check operations Will not result in any additional
missing data if sequence is properly designed and scheduled
Slide 30
30 Sample Excel Perm Source Ratio Report Note: This particular
calibrator has shifted by
