Mariyah

Grayson

Tomas

Jaylen

Sydney K

Anna

Jorge

Vanessa

Aliza

Jordan

Catalina Noah Sydney L

Andres Desiree Kyle

Jakob

Sydney P

Karina

Alexis

Elizabeth

Armando

Estrella

Gabriella

Quintin

Jose

Sean

Steven

DOOR

Teacher’s Desk

Jax

1st Hour

Alan

Manuel

Daniel

Dominique

Jonathan

Marcel

Shayna

Matt

Kelechi

IanJarod

Kayla River Al

Adrian Logan Briseida

AJ

Michael

Donte

Josslan

Mei

Taylor

Maleek

Chris

Sam

Alejandro

DOOR

Teacher’s Desk

Joseph

2nd Hour

Antony O

Jackson

Jessica G

Mauricio

Daniel

Eunice

Ozzie V

Austin

Gerardo

Halle

DianaMario

Edgar

Jose

Sarah

Ozzie P

Kiana

Liliana

AlejandroCristan

Juliana

Carolina

Caitlin

EduardoJessica MRoberto

AlejandroCastilloAisake

Kassandra

DOOR Teacher’s Desk

Luis

3rd Hour

Andrew

Alejandra

andrea

Marcos

KiaRosa

Kura

Brian HAlexis W

Marco

SerinaNick

Adriana

Jasmine

Kohl

Davenport

Ivanna

Sonia

Odalis

Lauren

Isaiha

Elmer Adi Ty

William Taylor Adrian

Alexis M Edward

Josh

Andrew

DOOR

Teacher’s Desk

Hubble

5th Hour

Brian P

Harrison

Ricardo

Janette

Conrad

Josh

JudialJeremiah

Claudia

Brianna

Anthony

Ysid

Antonio

Nick

Andrew

Audrey

Moses

Diego

Alex Carmen Taylor

Raul Richard Kyejah

Haley Gio

Jaquie

Travys

DOOR

Teacher’s Desk

Shannon

6th Hour

Jacob

Ruben

Warm Up: Tuesday, January 8th • Roll Tide• Welcome back! Happy 2013!• Pick up a warm-up packet• Please begin the warm up for the day

• Warm Up:• What were TWO of the favorite things that

you did this break?• How did you celebrate the holidays? (New

Years, Christmas, Hanukkah…any other holiday!)

Today: To Do & Goals• Go over Rules, Expectations, Consequences• What we are doing for the next nine weeks?

• Activity to introduce the unit.

Rules

1. Come to class, on time, be prepared and try.2. Do unto others as you would have them do

unto you (be respectful of others, be appropriate).

3. Follow directions and procedures

Expectations• I have HIGH expectations for all of you this semester

• I know what you can do, so I am going to push you to do them• You will have to work harder this semester- this is for your future!

• What is an “A” student?• Description of an A student as described by past

students: Takes notes, asks questions, pays attention, does homework, studies for exams, is self-motivated.

• *Please remember that grades are EARNED, not GIVEN*

*When others are talking, be respectful and LISTEN*

Consequences• 1st offense- call on you- this is a WARNING• 2nd offense- call on you- this is ALSO A WARNING• 3rd offense- CALL HOME/email• 4th offense- REFERRAL

• Depending on the severity of the situation, I may refer you despite not going through the offenses.

This quarter-Spring Break

• Scientific Revolution• French Revolution

• Test• Industrial Revolution• Imperialism

• Test• World War I

• Test

Activity: • You INDIVIDUALLY will be given 6 key people of the scientific

revolution• You are to fill out the chart completely• All of the individuals are in your book, and you are to go to the

page that is given• READ about them- you will not be given the answers, you will

have to FIND them

• Good luck!

Wednesday/Thursday January 9th/10th• ASU Update: Will Sutton is back!!!

• To do today:• Warm Up• Scientific Revolution PPT• Galileo activity• Galileo movie clip• Other activity if needed

This is NOT the warm up….just think about it • What is your definition of a goal???

Goal: Definition

• noun • 1. the result or achievement toward which effort is

directed; aim; end.

Warm Up:

• What is one academic goal that you have for this year?

• What is one personal goal that you have for yourself this year?

• How will you accomplish each of these goals this year?

The Scientific Revolution

Essential Question:

• How did scientific discoveries change people’s attitudes towards natural events and religious faiths?

Goals:

• Students will learn how new approaches to science changed people’s beliefs about the universe and institutions such as the church.

A New Revolution • The Renaissance inspired a

spirit of curiosity• The Reformation encouraged

leaders to challenge the accepted ways of thinking about God and salvation

• A new Revolution was occurring in Europe that will challenge how people view their space in the universe- the Scientific Revolution

Medieval View• Before 1500, people

thought whatever the bible or ancient philosopher said must be true

• Few European scholars questioned the scientific ideas of ancient thinkers or the church by carefully observing nature

Geocentric Theory• During the Middle Ages

most scholars believed the earth was unmoving, and was the center of the universe

• According to the belief, the sun, moon and other planets revolved around the earth

• Common sense supported that view- it seemed the sun rises and sets everyday

• This was known as the Geocentric theory

Geocentric Theory Continued• Was supported by Aristotle and Greek astronomer Ptolemy• The church supported this theory as well, and taught that God

had purposely put the earth in the center of the universe

Ptolemy’s Geocentric theory

• Ptolemy’s Geocentric theory

A New Way of Thinking

• A few scholars published works that challenged the old ways of thinking in the 1500s, launching a change in European thought

• Historians call this the Scientific Revolution- a new way of thinking about the world based on observation and willingness to question old beliefs

Why now?

• During the Renaissance, scholars uncovered many old manuscripts and realized that ancient authorities didn’t always agree with each other

• As Europeans traveled to Africa, Asia and the America’s, discoveries that had been unknown for centuries, just proved the possibility of new truths

Nicolaus Copernicus• First major challenge to the

old ways of thinking was in astronomy

• A small group of scholars questioned the geocentric theory

• After studying planetary movements for over 25 years, Nicolaus Copernicus concluded that the stars, earth and other planets revolved around the sun

Heliocentric Theory

• Copernicus’s heliocentric theory (sun-centered theory) was rejected by most scholars and clergy because it contradicted religious views

• Fearing persecution and ridicule, Copernicus didn’t publish his findings until 1543, the last year of his life

• He received a copy of his book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, on his deathbed

Proving it was true• Over the next few centuries, scientists based their ideas on

Copernicus’s findings• Tycho Brahe recorded the movements of planets for many

years• His assistant, Johannes Kepler proved Copernicus’s basics

were true through mathematics• Kepler couldn’t see well and had limited use of his hands due

to suffering from small pox as a child

Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler’s Johannes Kepler’s view of solar systemview of solar system

Activity: Three Theories of the Solar System• In the next 10 minutes, read the three paragraphs on the 3

theories of the solar systems in your warm-up packet and answer the questions on the following page.

• This is to be individually or with ONE PARTNER• You must be actively working or you will lose partner

privileges

Galileo Galilei• 1581, Galileo sat in a cathedral

and noticed the chandelier swing on its chain

• Aristotle said a pendulum’s rhythm starts to slow as it approaches its resting place

• Using his pulse, Galileo timed the chandelier’s swings, and each swing of the pendulum took exactly the same amount of time

• Galileo had discovered the law of the pendulum

Galileo• Video: Start at 29 minutes• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSt3y8NZT_4

Law of the Pendulum

…and more from Galileo• Galileo also found that a falling object

accelerates at a fixed and predictable speed• He tested Aristotle’s theory that heavy objects

fall faster than lighter ones by dropping stones of different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa

What do you think….will a basketball and a What do you think….will a basketball and a volleyball both land at the same time, although volleyball both land at the same time, although they are different weights?they are different weights?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHh3jJoW3zA

…and he discovered even MORE!• After hearing that a Dutch lens maker had built an instrument that

could enlarge far off places, Galileo successfully built his own telescope without ever seeing the original device

Galileo’s telescope

• Galileo used his telescope to “study the heavens”

• 1610 hew published a series of newsletters called Starry Messenger, describing his amazing findings

• He told of Jupiter’s 4 moons, and the dark spots on the sun, and the rough, uneven surface of the moon

• This shattered Aristotle’s theory that the moon and stars were made of a pure, perfect substance

How telescopes are made?

Conflict With the Church• Galileo’s findings scared

leaders of Catholic and Protestant leaders because they went against church teaching and authority

• If people believed the church could be wrong about this….

what else were they wrong about?

The Warning• 1616, the Catholic church warned Galileo not to defend

the ideas of Copernicus• Galileo remained silent publicly, but continued his

studies• In 1632, Galileo published Dialogue Concerning the Two

Chief World Systems that presented both views, but it was clear that Galileo supported Copernicus’s view

Primary Sources

Cardinal Bellarmine, 1615

• “…But to want to affirm that the sun really is fixed in the center of the heavens and only revolves around itself…and that the earth revolves…around the sun is a very dangerous thing…by injuring our holy faith and rendering the holy scriptures false.”

Galileo, 1615• “…I hold the sun to be situated

motionless in the center of the revolution of the celestial orbs while the earth revolves around the sun…These men have resolved to fabricate a shield for their mistake sout of the authority of the Bible. These they apply with little judgement to the arguments that they do not understand and have not even listened to .”

• The pope was angry, and summoned Galileo to stand trial before the Inquisition

• Under the threat of torture, Galileo knelt before the cardinals and read aloud a signed confession agreeing Copernicus’s findings were false

“With sincere heart and unpretended faith I abjure, curse and detest the aforesaid errors and heresies of Copernicus and also every other error…contrary to the Holy Church, and I swear that in the future I will never again say or assert anything that may cause similar suspicion toward me.” -Galileo

Galileo’s life

• Galileo lived under house arrest and died in 1642 at his villa near Florence

• His books and ideas still spread all over Europe

In 1992, pope John Paul II officially acknowledged that Galileo was correct in asserting that the earth revolves around the sun, but concluded that the church acted in good faith, and worked with the knowledge of their time

Galileo's finger goes on display in Italy ! • A wizened finger belonging to Galileo Galilei, the only

remaining part of the 17th century astronomer's body, is to go on display in Italy.

In 2000…• In 2000, Pope John Paul II issued a formal apology for all the

mistakes committed by some Catholics in the last 2,000 years of the Catholic Church's history, including the trial of Galileo among others.

Activity: Galileo’s Indictment• You are to annotate and analyze Galileo’s indictment by the

church by yourself• You are to then answer the questions about Galileo on your

answer sheet • You will turn this in TODAY for a grade

Questions: Analysis• •Why was the church upset with Galileo?• •Was Galileo right and the church wrong?• •The name “Scientific Revolution” implies this era was one of

change. What are the old and new values that are coming into conflict, based on these sources? (think about issues such authority, sources of knowledge, and the individual in society, for example).

• •Is a conflict such as this possible today? Why and how?• •Will this information help us in the future and help us

understand the modern world? How?

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method

• This revolution in scientific thinking eventually led to a new approach to science called the scientific method

• The scientific method is a logical procedure for gathering and testing idea

• Begins with a problem or question arising from an observation scientists form a hypothesis hypothesis is tested in an experiment scientists analyze and interpret data and reach conclusion

Scientific Method

Newton’s Law of Gravity• Newton’s great discovery

was that the same force ruled the motions of the pendulum, planets and all matter on earth and space

• According to this law, every object in the universe attracts every other object

• The degree of attraction depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them

Isaac Newton

Scientific Instruments• 1590- first microscope developed by Dutch eyeglass

maker, Zacharias Janssen• 1670s- Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a microscope

to observe red blood cells and bacteria swimming in tooth scrapings

• 1714 Dutch physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit created first thermometer to use mercury in glass, showing water freezing at 32 degrees

• 1742-Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius created another scale for the mercury thermometer, showing freezing at 0.

Vaccines• 1700s British doctor Edward Jenner introduced a

vaccine to prevent smallpox• He did this by using live germs from cowpox (cattle

disease, but much milder than smallpox) • Inoculation had been used in Asia for years, and

could be considered dangerous, but because he used a milder disease, the risks were lower

**inoculation- **inoculation- to introduce (the causative agent of a disease) into the body of (a person or animal), in order to induce immunity ** **

Summary Activity: • You will have a summary activity for each section of this

Chapter• Three sections: Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, Effects of

the Enlightenment • Answer this question: What was the impact of the Scientific

Revolution? • Write down four of the most important effects of the Scientific

Revolution in your section. • This should be done SILENTLY and individually for the first 5

minutes. • I will then give you 5 minutes to work with a partner.

• Ready…GO!