Marines in Lebanon Guard Oil ProfitsEisenhower Action Against Arab People Risks World War III

By Myra Tanner WeissJU L Y 17 — In obvious panic over the advance o f the

A rab national independence revo lu tion , the trigger-happy Eisenhower A dm in is tra tion , Ju ly 14, ordered 5,000 atom- equipped U.S. marines in to the*-tin y country of Lebanon. The move came on the heels o f the revo lu tionary overthrow in Iraq of K ing Faisal and his replacement by a regime of young A rm y officers com m itted ta the A rab nationa l-libe ra tion cause. F; isal's monarchy was the firmest prop in the Arab w o rld of the o il monopolists and of U.S. foreign policy.

The invasion of Lebanon took place under cover of pow­e rfu l a ir and sea support. So fa r the marines have met no resistance aá they q u ick ly moved to take over key cen­ters in B e iru t, the Lebanese capital.

The next day, Ju ly 15, Eisen­hower got around to reporting his a ítio n to Congress. He ad­m itted there were “ risks in ­vo lved” and that “ serious con­sequences” m igh t ensue. He justified his shocking gamble on the ground that Lebanon’s im popu lar president, C am ille Chamoun, requested the in ­vasion.

The risk Eisenhower took is the danger of W orld W ar I I I. And in any case, there s ti l l re ­mains the danger of another Korean slaughter such as began e ight years ago under Trum an.

In v iew of the danger of

another W orld War, U.S. m ili ­ta ry forces throughout the w orld were put on an alert. The N. Y. D a ily News, Ju ly 16, quoted a Defense Departm ent o ffic ia l as stating tha t “ H- bombers, w ith th e ir nuclear loads, were put on ‘improved readiness c o n d itio n .'" More marines, tactical figh ting planes and a B attle Group o f 1,600 A rm y troops from a crack "pentom ic” d iv is ion were a ir ­lifte d to the M iddle East. A “ pentom ic” d iv is ion is one equipped w ith nuclear weapons.

W ashington p la in ly feared a quick Soviet reaction to U.S. w ar moves. The N. Y. Times, Ju ly 16, reported tha t “ pleasure was expressed p riva te ly [in W ashington] that th is had not yet occurred." W hile the A m er­ican people were quite unaware of the danger to w hich they were exposed, both 'the Pacific and A tla n tic fleets were pu t on a four-hour a lert and marines were put to sea from naval bases in N orth Carolina and V irg in ia .

O n ly a few weeks ago. Ju ly 3, the Observer Team of the U nited Nations reported that the Lebanese rebels were p r i ­m a rily Lebanese and that there was lit t le evidence of " in l i l ira -

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A Protest Letter To Eisenhower

To the President of the United States:Sir.

Y our personal decision to send U.S. armed forces in to Lebanon has plunged Am erica in to another foreign c iv il w ar like the one in Korea. The invasion of Lebanon by Am erican troops threatens to set off another w o rld war,

Chamoun’s personal appeal fo r in te rven tion is not in the interest of the Lebanese people but in the interest of the o il monopolists. The Lebanese Chamber of Deputies has branded your action as “ an in fringem ent of the independence and sover­e ign ty of Lebanon.” The people of Lebanon and the en tire M ideast are determ ined to end the im ­peria lis t dom ination tha t the U.S. occupying force represents.

The Am erican people have no stake in im ­peria lis t exp lo ita tion . They w il l condemn your reprehensible act ju s t as they did the Korean “ police action" of your predecessor.

U.S- troops m ust be w ith d ra w n from Lebanon and from the entire M ideast a t once. The interests of the Am erican people, the A rab people and the peace of the w orld demand it.

Thomas KerryActing National Secretary,Socialist Workers Parly

t h e MILITANTPUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE W O RKING PEOPLE

Vol. X X I I — No. 29 •*> 222 NEW- YORK, N. Y.. M O NDAY. JU LY 21. 1958 Price 10c

United Socialists Name Top Candidates in N.Y.Reactionary Bills GainIn Congress

» * By Herman Chauka

JU LY 17 — Under cover of the w ar danger they themselves created, the b i-partisan rulers in Washington are now pushing fo r the adoption of new laws tha t w ould help gut the B ill of Rights. The House of Represen­tatives is expected to pass a b ill that w ould reinstate stale “ sed ition" laws. The Senate is holding hearings on various passport measures tha t would badly cripp le the C onstitu tional rig h t of freedom • to trave l abroad.

The “ state’s l ig h t” b i l l— un­der which state “ sedition” mea­sures w ould be legal — has s w iftly gained ground since troops were dispatched to Le­banon two days ago. The mea­sure is designed to inva lidate the Supreme Court ru lin g which set aside the conviction of Communist Party leader Steve Nelson under a Pennsylvania “ sedition” law. The high court had ru led the state law was not operative because a federal statute—the Sm ith Act— cover­ed the same subject.. The “ slate’s r ig h t” b ill w ould per­m it w itch-hunters again to use state measures — along w ith the Sm ith A ct — to curb free speech.

The b ill being voted on in the House provides that federal law would no longer supersede state laws on the same subject unless there is an “ irreconc il­able '’ conflict between them, or unless Congress gives specific p r io r ity to each new law it passes. The new measure has ro t yet come up before the Senate, but i f the w ar hysteria now being whipped up reaches a suffic ient peak the danger is not excluded that i t could be jammed through.BLOW TO LABO R

If enacted, such a law would deal a body blow to labor, the Negro people and to c iv il l ib ­erties generally. It would mean that Southern laws enforcing

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The 5.5 Million 'Forgotten Men’that the economy w il l “ bump along the bottom ” fo r many months. More sober forecasts antic ipate seven m illio n unem­ployed next year.

Young workers under 25 years, many of them m arried and supporting fam ilies, have been hardest h it, according to figures compiled by Business Week magazine. They lack sen iority when layoffs come. Women and Npgro factory w orkers arc next hardest h it by unemployment.

Among w hite workers, 6.4% are classified es unemployed, w h ile 12.7% non-w hite workers are so listed. When jobs are open again these workers are the lest to be hired. Many of them are among the 260.000 who exhausted the ir claims to unem ploym ent insurance in June and are now forced, in desperate circumstances, to turn to re lie f agencies fo r food.

In addition to the o ffic ia lly - reported 5 ’ -2 m illio n jobless, there arc m illions p a rtia lly em­ployed. The J u ly 18 U.S. News reports tha t coal m iners are the hardest h it by the short w ork week. O ffic ia l figures show that anthracite m iners average only 22.4 hours of w ork per week and b itum inous m in ­ers, 30.3. Shoe factory incomes

class. Because of the tw in evils, o il and gas-field w orkers were the on ly in d u s tria lly employed group to show an increase in “ real” i n c o m e s (purchasing power) in the last year. (Ju ly 18 U.S. News.)

A few categories o f workers held the ir own because of union-wage increases, but most w orkers’ “ rea l” incomes arc down despite s ligh t hourly wage gains. For example, “ rea l” wages fo r tire factory workers decreased by 7.8%, for tex tile workers by 6.1%, for garment workers by 4.8%, for a irc ra ft workers by 2.2%, for steel w orkers by 1.8%, fo r con­struction workers by 1.4% and fo i auto workers by 1.2%.

Thus the economic outlook fo r the w ork ing class is one of continued unem ploym ent and of low er liv in g standards. Con­gressional extension of unem ­ploym ent insurance by a m ax i­mum of 13 weeks is tu rn ing out to be w oe fu lly inadequate. Congress has now dropped con­sideration of anti-depression measures such as public w ork projects, tax cuts, etc. I t has not even broached upping the rate of compensation or voting a new extension.

The Democrats and R epubli­cans cannot. be counted on for any s e r i o u s anti-depression steps. The only re liable solution lies in independent w ork ing

The Next Task Lamont, McManus, Rubinstein to Run; Lebanon Invasion Hit

By Harry RingNEW YORK, July 18 — At a press conference today.

Dr. Corliss Lamont announced his willingness to run as a candidate of the United Independent-Socialist Campaign Committee. A week ago Lamont had declined nomination because of previous commitments which would have interfered with a vigorous campaign. The landing of American and British troops in the Middle East, gravely increasing the threat of World W ar I I I , caused him to put aside all other considera *tions. the distinguished educa­to r and c iv il libe rta rian said in order to speak out fo r peace

Two days before th is im p o r­tant' development, the Com­m ittee had announced its nom ­ination of John T. McManus (or G overnor of New Y ork and Dr. Annette T. Rubinstein for U.S Senator.

As the M ilita n t w ent to press the Committee had not ye t set­tled on how Dr. Lam ont’s can­didacy w ould affect the nom i-

A Great Step ForwardAn Editorial

Announcement by the U nited Independent Socialist a law to n u ll ify the Supreme C ourt’s recent decision up- Campaign Com m ittee tha t i t w il l place a fu ll slate, of

By Frances JamesThe rose-tinted glasses through

w hich President Eisenhower's top advisors view the economic s itua tion were focused this week on "u p tu rn s" and on optim ism . Raymond J. Saulnier. chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisors, gave the Senate Banking Com­m ittee w hat was termed "a generally encouraging p icture of the nation's economy."

The Democrats, through Sen­ator' C lark (Pa.) arc pushing fo r an in te rim economic report by the president before Aug. 1.The real purpose of the b ill seems to be to debunk the rose- tin ted p icture painted by the Republicans. A l t h o u g h the Democrats arc not presenting any anti-depression measures of their- own, they hope to use the depression as campaign am­m un ition in the fa ll elections.

W hile the cap ita lis t p o lit i­cians maneuver fo r votes, the w o rk ing people face continued unem ploym ent, s h o r t w ork weeks and ris ing prices.PROGRESS

The Ju ly 8 o ffic ia l report on unem ploym ent shows a rise lo 5.437,000 — highest unem ploy­ment since 1041. But even these gloomy figures have been presented in an “ op tim is tic "ligh t. Economists had predicted [ have dropped 10% in the last six m illio n unemployed w h e re -1 year due to short hours, as there are “ on ly ” 5 '-j m illio n ! The depression hits hardest

A ll other "o p tim is tic ” e s ti- , those who are unemployed or class po litica l action. The Amer- mates are ol th is nature. Even | p a rtia lly employed. In addition ican workers need a Labor the rosiest forecasts p re d ic t1 in fla tion hits the entire w ork ing | Party.

candidates in the 1953 New Y ork state elections is a ra lly in g ca ll fo r a ll socialists in the state. Ready to carry the banner fo r peace and socialism against the Democratic and Republican parties are such prom inent radicals as Corliss Lam ont, John T. McManus and Dr. Annette Rubinstein.

The e n try of the united socialist ticke t in to the field comes on the ve ry day that both cap ita lis t parties have acted jo in t ly against the A rab nationa l independence movement w ith m ilita ry forces in a move tha t intensifies the risk of a w orld holocaust.

The united socialist ticke t w ill provide a necessary vehicle fo r rousing popular sentim ent against th is re ­actionary adventure. M e fu lly subscribe to the in it ia l statement of the unitecl ticke t committee w hich vigorously denounces the dispatching of U.S. Marines to Lebanon as a “ Korean-type police action . . . to defend the interests of such o il b illiona ires as the Rockefellers.”

We arc sure th is stand w i l l be w a rm ly endorsed by every vo te r in the state who is concerned w ith the fight fo r peace and w ith the r ig h t of a ll nations to se lf-determ i­nation.

/

In addition to presenting a program of socialist oppo­sition to the im m inent new w ar danger, the socialist slate w i l l serve as an im portan t weapon in the figh t fo r the preservation of the c iv il libe rties of the Am erican people. I t w il l expose and combat such moves as the cu rren t b i-partisan e ffo rt to jam through Congress

ho ld ing the C onstitu tiona l r ig h t of freedom of travel.

We are confident that the united ticke t w il l also speak out bo ld ly against the cu rren t d rive to tu rn back the clock on the high cou rt’s school desegregation de­cision as typ ified by the disgraceful J im Crow court ru lin g in L it t le Rock. As a socialist foe of racism in all its forms, the unitqd ticke t w il l be an im portant spokes­man fo r the Negro people in th e ir ju s t demand fo r fu ll equa lity w ith o u t any fu rth e r delay.

Corliss Lam ont. John T. McManus and Dr. Annette Rubinstein are to be congratulated fo r undertak ing the campaign for peace and socialism. T he ir long and cour­ageous record of opposition to the cold w ar and w itch hun t gives assurance that they w il l wage a m ilita n t cam paign that w il l strengthen the socialist cause.

For our part, we pledge our unstin ting support to a campaign that marks a big step fo rw ard in the rev ita liza ­tion of the socialist movement. We are confident the campaign w il l help to un ite a long-divided socialist camp

The campaign w il l b ring presently inactive socialists back to active du ty and it w il l w in many new adherents to socialism. Its sa lu tary effect w il l not be lim ited to New York. I t w il l help rebu ild the socialist movement across the country.

B y raising the banner of independent po litica l actionin the election, the united socialist ticke t w il l also make

«an im portan t con tribu tion toward convincing the ranks of labor of the need fo r a break w ith cap ita lis t po litics and for the creation of labor’s own party. L e t’s get on w ith the campaign.

Petition Workers RallyThe United Indcpcndent-Sociolist Ticket must secure a minimum of 12,000

f

signatures of registered voters to qualify candidates for the New York State

ballot this November. Join other independents and socialists to get this job done.

A tte n d a P e tition Rally

Thursday, July 24 — 8 P.M.Adelphi Hall. 7 4 Fifth Ave. (Near 14th St.), N.Y.

a,tions to r the various offices. Committee members indicated h a t" most lik e ly be w ould be

nominated fo r Senator or fo r Governor.

Candidacies fo r the other posts had likew ise not yet been decided upon today, but the campaign to put the indepen­dent-socialist ticke t on the ballo t was already in fu l l swing. Headquarters were re n t­ed at 799 Broadway, and sup­porters of the socialist cam­paign are now mapping out plans fo r the collection o f sig­natures.

In its Ju ly 16 announcement o f the nom ination of John T. McManus and Dr. Annettd T. Rubinstein, the Campaign Com­m ittee declared its vigorous op­position to the landing of U.S. Marines in Lebanon.

The comm ittee charged tha t W ashington's action v io lated the rig h t of se lf-determ ination of the Lebanese people apd 'a id the basis fo r s im ila r in - •ervention in Iraq. I t said, “ This Korenn-tvpe police action is intended solely to defend the interests of such o il b illiona ires as the Rockefellers in the M id ­east. It is a reckless move tha t '■ould b ring a new w orld w ar and explosion of the entii'e planet. The American people must demand a halt to th is in ­sane gamble w ith the fate of hum an ity ."IN IT IA L SPONSORS

T h e United Independent- Socialist Campaign Committee was established by a confer­ence held here, June 13-15. The '•ommitlee includes leaders and members of various socialist groupings, unaffilia ted social­ists and independent radicals. The in itia l sponsors of the con­ference included: Dr. CorlissLam ont. philosopher and lec- *urer; Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, world-fam ed h is to iian ; M urie l lcA voy , an early organizer fo r he Progressive P a rty ; Dr. tow ard Selsnm, form er direc- or of the Jefferson School;

Russ N ixon, national legisla- • ive representative o f t h e U nited E l e c t i i c a 1 W orkers f in d ) ; Joyce Cowley, 1957 m ayora lty candidate of the Socialist W orkers P a rty ; R ich­ard DeHaan. chairman of the Young S o c i a l i s t A lliance; George S tryker, a Long Island socialist: fo rm er A LP leaders John G o l d i n and H enry Abrams; Dr. Rubinstein ' and John T McManus.

S’ ven h u n d r e d persons throughout the state registered the ir support of the conference and S00 partic ipated in its de­liberations. They voted to chal­lenge the cap ita lis t parties w ith candidates for the live m ajor state offices and unanim ously adopted a d ra ft socialist p la t­form w hich expressed a w ide area of agreement on a m in i­mum program.

It empowered a continu ing com m ittee— the present U nited Independent-Socialist Campaign Committee — to select can­didates. The group said today that n o m i n a t i o n s Would be made later th is week fo r the offices of Lieutenant Gov­ernor. C om ptro lle r and A tto r ­ney General.

To w in a place on the state (C ontinued on Page 2)

Page Two T H E M I L I T A N T Monday, July 21, 1953

A Wayward Bus RiderBy Joyce Cowley

I was half-dozing in the bus when the rrian's voice rouseo me. We were pu lling in to c small town. '

” 1 can’t gel o fl here," he protested. “ I don't see a hotel. Y ou 'll have to take me to the next tow n."

“ Can't do tha t," the bus d rive r said. "Y ou ’ve got a ticke t fo r th is town and you 'll have to get off here."

“ I refuse to 1 get o ff!" The man was w e ll dressed and spoke w ith the confidence of someone who is accustomed to getting his own way. “ I'm a

i good customer, always takt th is line. I find bus travel con venient and quick, and I o ffer take several trips in one week in connection w ith my work I'm entitled to service. Jusl w hat do you intend to do? W il you th row me off the bus?"

The d rive r shrugged."O .K. I ’l l take you to tht

next town. Every once in a w h ile . I get bums like you."

The man was evidently not accustomed to being called a bum. He had won his point bu t he wasn't satisfied and he shifted the line of attack.

“ T rouble w ith the country around here,” he said, “ is John L. Lewis. I t w il l take years to repa ir the damage he lias done.”

“ You're wrong again," the d riv e r answered. “ John L. Lew is made th is country. He fought fo r decent ' wages and conditions fo r w orkers here. Hospita l care. Pensions. M iners around here d idn 't have any­th ing u n til they organized."

"Do you know who you’re ta lk in g to?" Again, the man had decided on a, new tactic. “ I w o rk fo r the federal gov­e rnm en t!" He added hastily. "N ot the F.B .I.” (Apparently w o rk in g fo r the F B I. is not the k ind of tilin g to brag about).

“ You know ," he continued, “ we're ve; y fortunate in the U nited Stales because of our tw o party system. The two party system is the reason we have such good conditions. That's w hy we’re so prosperous Pnd everybody makes a good liv ing . Now, personally, I ’m a Republican. . .

The d rive r in te rrup ted . "We don't have lw o parties in this

:ounfry. We have three parlies.”The governm ent man was

jaffled. “ Three parties? W hat h ird party?” He paused as i f n incredible thought had >assed through his mind. “ You ■an’t mean the socialists?”

“ W ell, socialism is going to ■ome,” the d riv e r answered, 'w hether you like it or not.”

“ But people in this country von’t stand fo r it ! This isn’t Russia.”

"N o m atter w hat you say. .i's going to come. And one

FR A N K LO V E LL is the Socialist W orkers Party nom ­inee fo r G overnor of M ich ­igan. E VE LY N SELL is the SWP candidate fo r U.S. Sen­ator.

more th ing I'm sure of, you 'll never live to sea another Re­publican president."

“ But I ’m not very o ld,” the man said weakly.

“ Doesn’t make any d iffer- jnce. You won’t live to see it . ”

Suddenly an e lderly woman sitting .across the aisle looked up.

“ He’s r ig h t.” she said. "And he's rig h t about socialism, too."

Just then the bus drew up !o the next station. W ithout checking on hotel accommoda­tions, the governm ent man rose hastily and made fo r the door He seemed less confident. He 'ooked back at the d rive r and the old woman w ith a puzzled uneasy expression, as if he was_ w ondering" w hether to take a tra in next tr ip , or change his party allegiance.

J spoke to the d rive r when I got off the bus and told him I was fo r socialism, too.

"T h ing* are changing fast," he said w ith a grin . "Maybe we ool a m a jo rity rig h t on this bus."

King Campaign In Chicago Is Gaining Ground

C HICAGO , ^July 6 — The firs t o f a series of open a ir ra llies was held here last n ight in support of Reverend Joseph P. K ing , united socialist can­didate for Congress from the Second D is tric t. The meeting, the firs t of a series, was held in «conjunction w ith the drive to secure the nom inating pe ti­tions necessary to w in a place on the ballot,

There wus a very fr ie n d ly response from the people at the meeting. A num ber of them approached Rev. K ing a lte r the ra lly to congratulate him on m aking the race and gave th e ir names to be in ­formed of fu rth e r activ ities in the campaign.

The petition d rive itse lf is going w ell. The law requires a m in im um of 8,300 signatures and the united campaign com­m ittee is seeking 12.000 by Ju ly 30. O ver 7.000 petitions have already been obtained.

F A R R E LL DOBBS. N a­tional Secretary of the Social­ist W orkers P arly , is touring Europe as a correspondent for the M ilita n t and is cu rren tly in England.

British Workers Hear Dobbs a t Public Forum

From a Special CorrespondentN O TT IN G H A M , E N G LA N D — I t is ju s t as d iff ic u lt

to f i l l a meeting ha ll in B rita in these days — especially on a sunny weekend — as it is anywhere else, but in spite of th is F erre ll Dobbs, N a tiona l*Secretary of the Socialist W ork­ers P arty o f the U nited States, on his present tour, is meet­ing enthusiastic groups a ll over the country.

A t a meeting I attended in th is M idlands luce-making city of N ottingham on Sunday a f­ternoon, the chairm an was so­cia list Hugh Lawson, an active member of the local Campaign fo r Nuclear D isarm ament, a M ethodist lay preacher and a form er member of Parliam ent.

The sm all but vocal audience comprised representatives of

Lovell, Sell H it M ajo r Parties a t UA WLocals

DETRO IT, Ju ly 13 — “ W ith the Democrats and Re­publicans, and w ith th is cap ita lis t economy, we see-saw between the soupline and fro n tlin e ,” said Evelyn Sell, Socialist W orkers Party can-* didate fo r U.S. Senator, as sheaddressed a meeting of P lym ­outh Local 31 of the United A uto Workers.

"Just look at the record," she continued, "the great de­pression began under a Re­publican adm in istra tion in the 2C's. The re lie f program d idn 't cure that depression in the 30's. The Democrats' only solution was the te rrib le w ar of the 40's. And w ith the post-war slump they plunged us in to the Korean war in the 50‘s.

“ The latest reports show we are back at the same jobless level as when we went to war in 1941. And the Republicans now have us on the b rin k of w ar in Lebanon,” she said. URGES A LABO R PAR TY

In a speech before the Gen­eral Council o f Ford UAW Local 600, Frank Love ll, SWP candidate fo r Governor, stress­ed the lin k between depression er.d w ar and the in a b ility of the m ajor parties to offer a progressive solution to these tw in evils of capitalism .

^Urging the union movement to begin the bu ild ing of a

...N. Y. United Socialists Nominate(Con t in U hl fro m Page I )

ballo t. the new movement must secure a m in im um of 12,000 signatures of registered voters throughout the state on independent nom inating pe ti­tions. These must include at least 50 registered voters from each o f the 62 counties in the state. State law sets the period fo r collecting the petitions from Ju ly 29 to September 9. R A L L Y FOR PETITIO N S

A lready at w ork organizing the huge job of gathering the necessary petitions, the com­m ittee has called a ra lly of campaign volunteers to be held Thursday, Ju ly 24, 8 P.M. at A delph i H a ll, 74 F ifth Ave., New York. A t th is meeting, plans w il l be mapped fo r the petition d rive in New York C ity as w e ll as the organiza­tion of vo lunteer crews to help upstate supporters of the ticke t to secure the requisite sig­natures in each county. The independent nom inating pe ti­tions w il l carry the tic ke t’s bal- lo t designation — “ United Socialist.”

In m aking its appeal fo r suopori, the united socialist ticke t stands on a program that offers a m eaningfu l socialist a l­te rna tive to both Big Business parties. Its d ra ft p la tfo rm p re ­sents a scathing ind ictm ent of the cap ita lis t system and its po litica l parties, presents social­ist answers on the m ajor in ­te rnationa l and domestic issues and includes an insp iring p ic ­ture of the socialist fu tu re .

The p la tfo rm declares: “ The Democratic a n d Republican architects o f the Trum an and Eisenhower ’doctrines’ are com­

m itted to b rin k -o f-w a r policies which cannot fa il to involve 'he w orld in catastrophic con­fl ic t unless reversed.” It states its implacable opposition to W all Street's cold w ar against the USSR and China and the reactionary efforts to smash the ris ing revo lu tion fo r national independence in Asia. A frica and La tin America. Declaring fo r a program of "peaceful re- 'ations w ith the rest of the w orld ," the p la tfo rm demands an end to “ the ‘o il im peria lism ' that seeks to prevent the A rab oeople from un iting and mod­ern iz ing the ir countries," and calls fo r w ithd raw a l of U.S. troops from foreign soil. FAVO R 30-FOR-40

Domestic planks in the p la t­form favo r d ive rting w ar funds to social services to combat the recession; the 30-hour week at 40 hours pay; an end to the w itch hunt and to denial of c iv il rights to the Negro peo­ple; and a ha lt to the a n ti­labor drive. I t urges indepen­dent po litica l action by labor, the Negro people and fam ily farmers and calls fo r the fo r­mation of a labor party.

Organization of ihe united socialist ticke t came as the cu l­m ination of a movement fo r u n ity of the radical movement against the cap ita lis t parties that has been developing for the past rfumber of years. As la r back as the spring of 1955. the National Guardian had ca’led fo r the convening of a national conference to promote a renewal of independent po­lit ica l action. A lthough a na­tional gathering d id not ma­teria lize then, in fo rm al meet-

I Want to Help!I want to help place the United Independent-

Socialist Ticket on the ballot.

Name

Address

County .................................................. Zone t

Phone No.

Please f i l l in the form above and m ail to: United

Independent-Socialist T icket, 799 Broadway, New Y ork

3, N. Y.

ings were held in New York in 1957 to explore possibilities of such action. They were called by H enry Abrams and John G oldin, two fo rm er officers ol the Am erican Labor Party. These meetings were resumed early th is year w ith inv ita tions to leaders and members of a ll socialist tendencies and to in- dependents. I t was these meet­ings tha t fin a lly m ateria lized in the present socialist ticke t movement.

The nom ination of John T McManus and Dr. Annette Rubinstein by th is movement is p a rticu la rly f itt in g in that both have fought over the years fo r a po licy of opposition to the Republicans and Demo­crats. Both led in resisting e f­forts to steer the membership of the form er Am erican Labor and P; ogressive Parties into the Democratic Party fold.CIO OFFICER

A co-founder of the National Guardian, w hich was born in 1948, McManus is a w orking jou rna lis t w ith a long record of service in the American Newspaper G uild . A charter member of the G u ild in New Y ork, he has served as vice- Piesident and president of the New Y ork Local. From 1943 to 1948 he was an international vice-president of the erganiza- l:on. D uring this same period lie was also an officer of the Nev.- Y ork State and C ity CIO councils. As a reporter, film drama and radio c ritic , he worked on the New York Times, T im e Magazine and PM before becoming general man­ager of the National Guardian.

He was a member of the national committee of the P ro­gressive P arty and State Com­mittee of the Am erican Labor Party and was tw ice the ALP's candidate fo r Governor. In the 1950 race he piled up 220,000 votes. In 1954, when the party had already been p re tty w ell

scuttled, he ran agdin and won 46 8*0 votes.

Dr. Rubinstein, an au tho rity on English lite ra tu re w ith a long and impressive record in the educational field, was also a prom inent spokesman fo r the Am erican Labor Party. Her socialist a c tiv ity continues a fa m ily trad ition . Her father, Abraham Rubinstein, also an educator, was a Socialist Party candidate fo r judge in New York 's Low er East Side in 1901 and 1903.

H er mother, Jean Rubinstein, who was a teacher in New Y ork C ity schools, was active in the A L P and is an enthusi­astic supporte • of -ne united socialist ticke t.TEACHERS' UNIO N FOUNDER

Dr. Rubinstein was one of the six o rig ina l members of the first teachers’ union estab­lished in New York. D uring this period she was also a founder of one of the firs t non­sectarian s o c i a l i s t Sunday schools in New Y ork and was in active campaigner fo r Eu- tene V. Debs.

A form er instructor of p h il­osophy at Colum bia U n ivers ity and P rincipa l u n til 1952 of the Robert Louis Stevenson High School, Dr. Rubinstein is author >f Realistic Ethics, Great Tra- litions in English L ite ra tu re — <Yom Shakespeare to Shaw, in d ed ito r of I Vote M y Con­science, a po litica l biography of the late V ito M arcanton io-

In addition to a busy career as teacher, lecturer, \y r ite r anc" extensive a c tiv ity in child-care w ork. Dr. Rubinstein func tion ­ed active ly in the A LP , of which she was a state vice- chairman. She was an A LF candidate fo r the State As sembly and fo r Congress. I r 1953 Dr. R ubinstein was cam-' oaign manager fo r the late C liffo rd T. M cAvoy in his ra c for M ayor of New Y ork on lhe A LP ticket.

Labor Party, L o v e l l said, ■"There is today a new awaken­ing of the w ork ing people to the ir own po litica l needs. The signs are everywhere — from 1 C a liforn ia , where H olland Rob­erts, an independent socialist candidate, polled 400,000 votes, to New York, where socialists and independents have Redded to run a united socialist slate against the Republicans and Democrats.”

W ith a speech by L a rry Dol- inski. the party 's candidate for L ieutenant Governor, to the Dearborn Assembly un it of Ford Local 600, the SWP can­didates have now appeared at a dozen such meetings in the first month of the campaign.

In addition to presenting the ir program at union meet­ings and pub lic rallies, the can­didates have also been lending th e ir support to im portan t struggles going on in the area. On Ju ly 4 they jo ined in a Peace W alk called by those ac­tive in the Fellowship of Recon­c ilia tion . F o rty persons par­tic ipated in the w a lk, demand­ing, “ Stop H -bom b Tests to S ta rt a Pplicy o f J?eace.” The marchers carried posters that said ‘‘Danger — S tron tium 90 at W ork,” and “ Stop Nuclear Suicide."

Reporters and photographer? from the m ajor D e tro it papers were on hand to in te rv iew the w alkers and the demonstration received coverage in the press and on the radio. P ic tu re ­tak ing cops were also on hand despite the fact that the De­tro it Common Council had is­sued a perm it fo r the demon­stration.

the po litica l parties and trade union brandies, and the o r­ganizers o f the meeting, the N ottingham Labor College and Labor Review, fe lt themselves compensated by qua lity fo r any luck o f numbers.

COMMON BOND

Dobbs said the socialist movement in the United States fe lt tha t 1958 held greater promise fo r the advapee of Am erican socialism than fo r a very long time. He stressed that the workers o f Am erica had a great deal in common w ith the w orkers of B rita in , in- c1 uding the fact tha t they did not w ant war.

He acknowledged tha t many people regarded United States im peria lism as "the power house in the d rive tow ard w ar," but prophesied tha t the unions — for so long dorm ant so fa r as foreign policy was con­cerned — w ould eventua lly realize tha t the ir destiny lay in resisting a ll preparations fo r war, instead o f passively assist­ing a po licy which could bring them nothing but disaster.

Dobbs listed lhe threat of war, the depression (deepest o f the three experienced since the last war), and the lim ita ­tion of c iv il rights and c iv il liberties as con tribu ting to a new awareness among A m e ri­can workers.

The unions’ rank and file, be­coming w ary of leaders who have endorsed Dulles’ foreign policies, were developing new po litica l consciousness; they were being slow ly but surely impelled tow ard independent po litica l action, said Dobbs, and the vanguard of a pow erfu l Am erican labor movement was now emerging.

The chairman asked the sec­re tary of the Socialist W orkers

i Party to convey the fra te rna l greetings o f N ottingham w o rk ­ers to the workers o f America.U ndertaking to do this, Dobbs said he h'-:d found a s tr ik ing g ive-and-take atmosphere d u r­ing serious discussion in B ritis fi po litica l meetings, and he was convinced that both Am erican and B ritish working-class o r­ganizations had something to learn from each other.

The chairman concluded: "W e have gol lo find a way of speaking lo our fe llow workers a ll over the w orld. Today wehave been priv ileged lo hear ing “ our leadership in nuclear an Am erican: we should have armament, which has been, we had a Russian as w e ll. Tha i is believe, the deterrent to lhe road lo in te rna tiona l under- ’ gression since 1945.” standing and lo peEce. I From lhe Soviet Ambassador

P re lude to the Invas ion

This mounted armored lank was one of many stationed in Lebanon by the U.S. governm ent p rio r to its present invasion of lhe country. The purpose of the invasion is summed up by lhe location of th is tank. I t stands guard at lhe Iraq Petroleum Company pipeline north of lhe c ity o f T rip o li,

Lamonts' Appeal; End Bomb Tests'

TO END N UC LEAR BOMB TESTS, by Corliss and M argaret Lam oni. Basic Pamphlets, Box 42, Cathedral S tation. New Y ork 25, New Y ork. 43 Pages. 10 cents. B u lk orders: 7 copies 50 cents: 15 copies $1.00: 50 copies or more 40% discount.The complete correspondence of Dr. and Mrs. Cor­

liss Lam ont w ith the U S. and Soviet governments on the question of banning nuclear tests is presented in th is pamphlet published Ju ly , 1958.*This correspondence began on Jan. 18 when the Lamonts ap­pealed in an open le tte r to President Eisenhower and Pre­m ier Bulganin fo r un ila tera l, im m ediate suspension o f atomic weapons testing.

To President Eisenhower, the Lamonts wrote, “ Since it was the United States that first in ­vented, manufactured and used atom ic bombs, we believe that our nation has a special moral responsib ility to take the lead in ou tlaw ing nuclear weapons. We are convinced tha t i f your , adm in istra tion halted H-bomb tests, it w ould mean a great advance tow ard peace . .STRAUSS R EPLY

The letters were made pub­lic in half-page advertisements in the regular and in te rna tiona l editions o f the New Y ork Times, Jan. 23. From the U.S. governm ent the Lamonts re­ceived no more than cursory rep ly u n til about A p r il 2. Then an undated le tte r was received from Lew is L. Strauss, then chairman of the U.S. A tom ic Energy Commission.

Strauss replied w ith the w orn-out co ld-w ar theory tha t the choice before the U.S. gov­ernment is the “ ve ry small risk from testing” or surrender

ag-

to the U.S., the Lamonts re ­ceived prom pt rep ly tha t the ir le tte r had been forwarded to the Soviet governm ent. On March 31 the Soviet U nion an­nounced its decision to suspend a ll nuclear tests, reserving its l ig h t lo resume these tests i f the other nuclear powers failed lo fo llow suit.

T h e 'e d ito rs o f National Re­view attacked the Lam ont Open Le tte r w ith the im p lica ­tion that i t was "Com m unist in ­spired.” Most proponents o f n u ­clear tests attack th e ir op­ponents in this fashion. B u t the fact remains tha t the Lamonts lean over backward in pressing both governments im p a rtia lly t i end nuclear tests.

The Lam ont pamphlet also includes a description of the w orld movement fo r ending bomb tests. I t gives the record of the deception of the U.Î5. A tom ic Energy Commission on the question of detection o f nu­clear tests. And the Lamonts conclude w ith an appeal fo r popular support of the test- ban movement. "We ask our fe llcw citizens to w rite Presi­dent Eisenhower, to w rite the ir Senators and Congressmen, to w rite the ir newspapers; to in i­tia te resolutions and action in church. lebor, educational, sci­entific and peace organizations; to jo in locel or national com­mittees fo r the abo lition of nu ­clear weapons testing and p ro ­duction."

...U.S. Mideast Move Risks War

Election E ncam pm ent-R a llyat

W ingdale-on-the-Lakefor lhe

U nited Ind ep en den t-S oc ia lis t T icke tAUG. 15-17 W EEKEND

Full details to be announced.For further information, write to: United In ­

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(C ontinued fro m Page 1)

l io n " across the borders. Eisen­hower's decision ignored this report and accepted lhe oppo­s ite claims of the to tte ring re ­gime of Chamoun.

LEBAN O N P A R LIA M E N T H ITS IN V A S IO N

Chamoun undoubtedly in- vited^ a U.S. invasion. But the Lebanese parliam ent d id not. The President of tha t p a rlia ­ment, Ade l Osseirane, sent a message to the U nited Nations. I t said: “ The on ly au thority representing the people is the Chamber of Deputies. We have l e a r n e d unfortuna te ly tha t Am erican forces have landed on Lebanese te rr ito ry under the pretext of protecting the lives of Americans and to safeguard the independence and sov- e te ign ty of Lebanon. This act in itself, that is to say, the landing of Am erican forces, is an in fringem ent of the inde­pendence and sovereignty of Lebanon . . . I must protest on behalf o f the Chamber against th is in fringem ent . . . I con­sider that the# United States of Am erica is responsible fo r any disastrous repercussions . . . and I demand the immediate evacu­ation of the fore ign forces . . .”

U.S. allies in the United Na­tions were also taken by sur­prise by the sudden invasion of Lebanon.

Both the Swedish and Japa­nese governments took issue w ith the U.S. contention that its m ilita ry action could be legalized by A rtic le 51 of the U.N. charter. The Swedish dele­gate to the U.N. said, J u ly 16, “ One of the conditions fo r A r ­ticle 51 to be applicable is that an armed attack has occurred against g member state. The Swedish Governm ent does not consider that th is condition has been fu lfille d in the present case.” The Swedish delegate pointed out that UN observers in Lebanon m ight not now Be able to fu l f i l l th e ir task" of

w atching fo r fore ign in te rfe r­ence in Lebanon's c iv il strife .

There was very l it t le protest over U.S. aggression among Congresmen. They long ago gave up the ir form er exclusive power to invo lve th is country in a war. Sen. Mansfield (D- Mont.) said he “ was doubtfu l of the w isdom of landing Am erican Marines in Lebanon at th is tim e.” Sen. Kennedy (D-Mass.) c o m p l a i n e d that there had been “ com pletely in ­adequate consultation” w ith Congress. B u t House Speaker R ayburn ended the hesitant critic ism w ith the rebuke that “ in times like these we had better a llow matters to de­velop ra ther than make re­marks about them .” Democratic Party Congress leaders hasten­ed to support E isenhower’s move.

The B ritish libe ra l paper, the Manchester Guardian, said the U.S. has “ embarked on a road that may lead anywhere — even to w orld w ar.” I t called the invasion “ foolish — breath- ta k in g ly so” and added it was “ d iff ic u lt to escape the con­clusion that the Am erican gov­ernm ent was stricken w ith panic.”WE F IG H T FOR O IL

The editors o f the W all

Street Journal, Ju ly 16, asked the question “ w hat are we figh ting fo r” in Lebanon? And they replied candidly, "The most d irect answer is tha t we are figh ting fo r the o il fields of the M idd le East.” They charged that the U nited States has un­dertaken “ a fra n k power drive of precisely the k ind we have so long deplored in others.”

The Journa l editors stated, “ I f the U nited States — w ith the U nited Nations or alone — is w illin g to use enough force i t can very l ik e ly establish w hatever order it chooses in the M iddle East . . . TheU nited States has the power to take over the M idd le East. That w ill requ ire more than a few Marines, but we do not doubt tha t it can be done . . B u t the editors warned tha t it is necessary to understand “ w hat we are figh ting against.” I t is not “ Com m unism ” or "Com m unist im peria lis tic ag­gression,” they said. Nor is it

“ Nasserism.” “ The best term is probably ’Pan-A rab ism .’ ”

The editors of the N Y. Times also spoke fra n k ly , although less c ritica lly , o f U.S. Mideast policy. On Ju ly 15 they said that "the status quo [ in the M ideast) was the best possible arrangem ent” fo r the U nited States, a status quo tha t has kept free-spending monarchs in power w h ile m illions of Arabs lived in poverty and hunger. On J u ly 16 the N.Y. Times editors described the "d iv ide and ru le " po licy th a t the im peria lists have fo llowed: "W e have played lo keep lhe M idd le East d iv ided in to sov­ereign and independent states and tr ied to w in each country separately lo a support o f the West. The result was a precar­ious balance now shattered b y ' the revo lt in Iraq ." U.S. troops and atomic power are therefore hurled at the A rab masses to keep them d iv ided and in pov­e rty under im peria lis t dom ina­tion.

In Defense O f M arx ism

By Leon Trotsky 211 pp. $2.75

Struggle fo r a P ro le tarian PartyBy James P. Cannon

302 pp. $2.75Two books dealing w ith lhe bu ild ing of a revo lu tionary socialist p a rly in the U nited 'States. 1

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“ What Price Depression?”

Was the ominous economic decline due to “ severe w in te r w eather” or to “ Russian sputniks?” M arx is t analysis shows w ha t’s wrong w ith the ex­planations of the B ig Business experts and what workers can do in m oving Am erica closer to a genuine solution of the costly problem.

Read th is searching a rtic le in the summer issue of the In te rna tiona l Socialist Review. On newsstands, or send 50 cents fo r a copy.

International Socialist Review116 University Place New York 3, N .Y .

Monday, July 21, 1958 T H E M I L I T A N T Page Three

A Report from Ceylon on (ommunul Rioting

A ll the News That FitsI f the august New Y o rk Times is

concerned w ith preserving its ca re fu lly cu ltiva ted claim of o b je c tiv ity in report­ing the news it w ould do w e ll to slow down its London correspondent, D rew M idd le ton. Readers of M idd le ton ’s dis­patches have gi'own accustomed to th e ir pro-Tory bias. B u t his reports in the June 13 and 14 issues of the Times on his one- week v is it to Ceylon are not on ly steeped in B ritish colonial prejudices but contain the k ind of crude lies generally associated w ith the gu tte r journa lism tha t the Tim es professes to disdain. *

According to M iddleton, the recent trag ic S inhalese-Tamil communal r io ting was insp ired by the Soviet and Chinese embassies. He fu rth e r asserts tha t funds from these countries were used to finance recent dockworkers’ strikes in the capita l c ity of Colombo.

He reports at face value governm ent charges tha t th is was done through the Ceylonese Com m unist and Lanka Sama- samaja (T ro tsky is t) parties. He also re­ports tha t the po licy of the Bandaranaike governm ent “ was, and is ” to give fa ir p lay to the T am il m in o rity in o ffic ia l language rights.

W hat are the facts? The charge of Moscow and Peking “ go ld” is pa ten tly rid icu lous as i t applies to the dock strikes. The port union w h ich led these strikes is under the open, recognized po litica l leadership of the Lanka Samasamaja Party. And any p o lit ica lly lite ra te person knows tha t aside from anyth ing else, funds from the Soviet Union or China are

not lik e ly to be going to T ro tskyis t-led unions.

The a ttem pt to place responsib ility on the LSSP and the CP fo r the commu­nal r io tin g is equa lly w ith o u t ba^s. As the dispatch from Ceylon tha t we publish in th is issue reports, communal hatred was rek ind led du ring the 1956 elections by Bandaranaike’s own pa rty and by the v io le n tly an ti-T am il U n ited N ationa lis t P arty . I t was on ly pow erfu l pressure that has compelled Bandaranaike to m od ify his position.

The CP, w hich supports the Bandar­anaike government, also backs its present lim ite d concessions to the Tam ils. The LSSP has been the one m a jo r pa rty to take a strong stand from the outset fo r Tam il-S inhalese language p a rity and has fought fo r i t th roughout in the face of fierce pre jud ice and heavy pressure.

The Ceylon News, a m a jo r cap ita lis t d a ily w ith no sym pathy fo r T rotskyism , had the fo llow ing to say, A p r il 17, when the signs of the im pending communal figh t were already apparent: “ M eanwhile the LSSP has taken the most consistent a ttitude tow ard the communal contro­versy . . . . W hether you approve of the LSSP policies on th is or any other issues, i t must be adm itted tha t they have taken the most p rinc ip led stand on th is m atte r.”

B u t M idd le ton and the New Y ork Times are apparently concerned on ly w ith “ repo rting ” tha t Ceylon has been headed fo r destruction since i t won in ­dependence from B ritish im peria lism .

The Seattle Outrage

COLOMBO. June 30 — U n­precedented violence between the Sinhalese and Tam il com­m unities swept th is country M ay 26, 27 and 28. The gov­ernment, headed by P rim e M in ­ister Bandaranaike's party , Ma- hajana Eksath P e r a m u n a (MEP), had no contro l w ha t­ever of the s ituation du ring the firs t tw o days. I t managed to quell the rio tin g to some de­gree on ly a fte r it declared a State of Emergency and called the m ilita ry out in to the streets. Up to now the state of emergency s til l exists.

This violence was the product o f the intense comm unal ha­tred fanned by Bandaranaike’s MEP p a rty among the S in­halese — the m a jo rity com­m un ity in the country. For years, the Sinhalese had lived peacefully side by side w ith the Tam ils, m any o f whom were brought here from Ind ia in the late 1800’s as indentured labor. U n til about 1952, i t was an ac­cepted p rinc ip le among all Ceylonese po litica l parties that when English is ended as the o ffic ia l language of the coun­try i t w ou ld be replaced by both the Sinhalese and Tam il languages.

V IO LA T E PR IN C IPLE

B u t on the eve o f the 1956 elections, the then. ru lin g U nited N ationalis t Party (UNP) tr ied to w in reelection by com­ing out in favo r o f m aking S in­halese the sole o ffic ia l lan ­guage.

In fhe campaign, the UNP was outdone in pro-Sinhalese extrem ism by the MEP w hich was set up by Bandaranaike as an election vehicle in his b id against the UNP and was com­posed la rge ly o f comm unalist and rac ia lis t groupings.

I t was im m edia te ly obvious

Ceylonese Workers R a lly

Shown above is a mass ra lly of the Lanka Sama Samaja (Ceylon E qua lity ) Party. The largest w orkers ' pa rty in Ceylon, the LSSP has vigorously fought cap ita lis t-in ­spired efforts to d iv ide Ceylonese masses on a language basis. W ith th is stand a key p lank in its program, i t won 14 seats in last year's election to Parliam ent.

tha t the Tam il m in o rity , which occupied the whole o f the northern and eastern te rrito ries o f the Island, w ould resist the projected language d iscrim ina­tion and communal s tf ife w ould be inevitable.

Accordingly, the Lanka Sam­asamaja P arty (T ro tskyis t) took a stand fo r p a rity o f status to both Sinhalese and Tam il. I t explained to the Sinhalese ma­jo r ity tha t i f they adopted an in to le ran t a ttitude to Tam il th is would inev itab ly lead to separation o f the northern and eastern sections from the rest o f the country, and tha t the Tam il te rrito ries by themselves could no t fo rm a v iab le state but w ould have to lean on one of the B ig Powers.

In tha t election, the M EP won a big m a jo rity . However the M EP’s language propagan­da d id not p lay a m a jo r part in the voting. More decisive were the deep-rooted feelings of the masses against the openly 1

cap ita lis t UNP, w hich t i l l then had been the ru lin g party. S IN H ALESE O N LY ACT

The new governm ent was formed by Bandaranaike. The Lanka Samasamaja P a rty won the second largest num ber of seats in parliam ent and became the chief group of the Opposi­tion. I t must be stressed that since the language issue was not decisive in the election o u t­come, comm unalism w ould have been shortlived i f Bandaran­aike had proceeded to carry ou t the progressive features of his election such as the na­tiona liza tion o f the plantations. B u t instead, the MEP govern­ment. w h ich is dom inated by cap ita lis t interests, s h e l v e d these issues and in troduced the Sinhalese O nly Act, w hich be­came the basis of the present communal s trife .

The roots o f communalism in Ceylon, whose h is to ry has been rem arkab ly free o f it, is ch ie fly economic. The land

shortage in the northern and eastern areas has caused the Tam ils to come south to trade and to find jobs. There are to ­day over 100,000 registered un­employed in the country, w ith unemployed reg istering fo r the most part only in Colombo. A c ­tu a lly there are an estimated 1 Vi m illio n jobless and pa rtly employed in a population of n ine m illio n . This is a fe rtile field 4n w hich to sow hatred of the Tam ils, p a rticu la rly those Tam ils who secure jobs in the south.

The governm ent was pres­sured into in troducing the S in­halese O nly b ill by the edu­cated Sinhalese m idd le class w hich is the M EP’s p rim ary base. These elements sought to e lim ina te Tam il com petition fo r the few m iddle-class jobs a va il­able and to create new govern­ment jobs fo r Sinhalese. E x­trem is t Sinhalese elements also held before landless peasants the false hope tha t they w ould be able to get w o rk on the large p lantations i f the Tam il laborers were expelled from the country.SECRET AG R EEM EN T

B u t a fte r a few m onths in office, Bandaranaike decided he could not afford the T am il op­position to the governm ent tha t his one-language-only policy w ould bring. So he agreed to w hat he described as a “ reas­onable place” fo r Tam il. His new position approached p a rity in tha t i t recognized T am il in governm ent w o rk along w ith Sinhalese.

However he could not p u t th is fo rw ard as an openly-cam- paigned-for po licy since he is a prisoner of the fanatica l com­m una lis t organization of monks and s im ila r groups. Instead, he tr ied to im p lem ent the new po licy w ith a w ell-advertised “ secret agreem ent” w ith the Federal P arty , the T am iL com-

Indignation Mounts Over Seattle AssaultSEATTLE, J u ly 14—Expres­

sions of ind ignation over the physical assault on Clara Kaye. R i c h a r d F r a s e r and Jack W righ t, local Socialist W orkers P arty leaders, were heard in all sections of the local radical and progressive movement this week. The three v ic tim s were severely beaten at a Ju ly 4 picnic of the People's W orld by a gang organized by Henry H u ff and M ilfo rd Sutherland, tw o local Communist P arly leaders.

Dr. Jay W. Friedm an, C ha ir­man of the Am erican Forum fo r Socialist Education in Seattle, said: “ This attack on the SWP is the Am erican ver­sion o f the S ta lin is t executions in Europe. I t ’s about tim e the S ta lin ists learned to act like human beings instead o f de­linquents.”

The J u ly 12 issue o f the Northwest edition o f People’s W orld carried an ed ito ria l statement dep loring “ the strong- arm tactics o f self-appointed bouncers."

The local leadership o f the Com m unist P a rty , has m ain-

tained silence over the assault. Instead of apologizing to the v ic tim s and b ring ing those g u ilty of the attack up on tr ia l in the party fo r hooliganism, the local CP leaders have sought to gloss over the scan­dal.K EY PEOPLE RESIGN

This has led to b itte r debate among local Com m unist Party members. Key ind iv idua ls have resigned in protest over the tacit condoning of the assault by the leadership.

The fu ll text of the o ffic ia l apology by the editors of the People’s W orld is as fo llow s:

“ The People’s W orld regrets the outbreak o f row dyism that disrupted the Ju ly Fourth p ic­nic at the Johnston ranch. W hatever elements of provoca­tion m igh t have been involved in the incident, these were on ly compounded by the strong- arm tactics o f self-appointed bouncers, who acted w ithou t authorization from any respon­sible representative o f th is pa­per. Such tactics are grist fo r the m ill o f those who desire to isolate and destroy the People’s

W orld and w hat it stands for. To the sincere friends o f the paper, whose holiday was m ar­red by the incident, we ex­tend our apology.”

The "p rovoca tion" referred to by the editors o f the Peo­ple's W orld was apparently the allegation by some of the "self- appointed bouncers” tha t copies of the M ilita n t had been d is­tributed. at the picnic. None had been, although such d is­tr ib u tio n w ou ld not have con­stitu ted provocation in any case.

Since the a ttack, the Seattle SWP leadership has learned that several men were ap­proached days before the p ic­nic and asked to jo in the strong-arm squad. They refus­ed and d id not attend the picnic.

The attackers a ll wore badges designating them as offic ia ls of the picnic. Representatives of the People’s W orld , however, said tha t the badges had no connection w ith the picn ic and had been p ilfe red from equip­ment in storage from previous affairs.

Members o f the squad were recognized by both v ic tim s and witnesses as long-tim e adher­ents of the Com m unist Party. The m otive fo r the assault, ac­cording to in form ed sources, was the h o s tility fe lt by the local Com m unist P arty leader­ship to efforts made by the Socia list W orkers P a rly fo r united socialist electoral a c tiv ­ity . These efforts have met w ith w arm response from the rank and file of the Communist Party, many o f w(iom p a rt ic i­pated in the campaign fo r Jack W righ t last spring. W righ t ran fo r C ity Council on an SWP p la tfo rm , receiving 5,600 votes.

The three v ic tim s, w ho are recovering from the severe beating they received, had been inv ited to the p icn ic by the People's W orld. T e rry Pettus, Northw est E d ito r o f the Peo­ple's W orld, fr ie d to slop the strong-arm squad at the picn ic by te llin g them the a ffa ir was open to everybody on th? le ft and tha t they were d isrup ting both the p icn ic and the Peo­ple's W orld,

m una lis t organization.W h ile th is pact w ith the

Federal P a rty brought Bandar­anaike a short breath ing spell, the easing o f the comm unal tension made clear tha t ne ither MEP nor Federal P a rty had any strong influence among the masses, and the comm unalists were encouraged to act. There fo llowed w i d e com m unalist demagogy throughout the coun­tryside, cu lm ina ting in the orgy of m urder, arson, loo ting and rape tha t broke out M ay 26. I t is now established th a t the U nited N ationalis t P a rty played a m ajor ro le in organising the r io tin g .

The police had orders fro m Bandaranaike not to fire on the communalists, and they looked on du ring the rio tin g . (This was in sharp contrast to the f ir in g orders g iven d u ring the recent strikes.)LSSP W A R N IN G

A t th is point, the Lanka Samasamaja P a rty in fo rm ed the P rim e M in is te r th a t i f he fu r th e r neglected his duty- to provide the security o f citizens against the p reva iling hooligan­ism, i t w ould begin organiz ing the w o rk in g class and the masses generally fo r the ir ow n defense.

On M ay 27, a stale o f emer­gency was declared and the Federal P a rty and an insignifi­cant Sinhalese com m unalist or­ganization were banned. W hile the armed forces occupied the en tire country, the T am il areas in the no rth and east were put under especially heavy m ilitary control.

W hen the House o f Represen» tatives was summoned fo r a special secret session the Lead­er o f the Opposition, N. M . Perera of the LSSP, charged tha t the P rim e M in is te r fa iled in his d u ty when he acted 24 hours too late. He fu r th e r charged th a t th roughou t the last ‘year, the M in isters them ­selves had gone about the coun try spreading com m unal hatred. (He cited tw o speeches by the M in is te» o f Food, P h ilip Gunawardena and the M in is te r o f Posts and Broadcasting, M a rikka r.)

Perera also pointed out th a t w ith the declaration o f the* state o f emergency, a ll pow er was concentrated in the hands of the B ritish-appo in ted Gover­nor General who pays no de f­erence even to the P rim e M in ­is te r and th is raised the danger o f a reactionary coup. He also assailed the arrest o f T a m il members o f P arliam ent in v io ­la tion o f th e ir P arliam enta ry im m u n ity and h it the govern­m ent’s press censorship.

As o f th is w rit in g , the en tire country remains under the con­tro l o f the m ilita ry , w ith pow ­er concentrated in the hands o f the G overnor General. (No rea l a ttem pt at a coup has been made so fa r fo r fea r o f the organized w o rk in g class.) There is now widespread dissatisfac­tion w ith the governm ent. The a lternatives facing the govern­m ent and the coun try is either S inhalese-Tam il p a r ity or a perm anent r i f t between the two com m unities and an inevitable d iv is ion o f the country.

Marxism y s . Stalin's Dogma on the Arts

In last week’s issue of the M ilita n t we reported the assault on three Seattle Socialist W orkers P a rty leaders by a strong-arm squad. The gang was or­ganized by tw o local leaders of the Com m unist Party- The attach was p lan­ned several days in advance, as fu rth e r ' evidence p rin ted in th is issue indicates. (See story th is page.)

Differences w ith the SWP over un ited socialist e lectoral action is w ha t “ provoked” the CP leaders in question to organize th e ir b ru ta l deed. They sought to solve th is difference—w hich is w o rthy of seridus debate — by violence against the SWP and by in tim ida tion of anyone who m igh t agree w ith the SW P’s v iew ­point.

A t a fo rum of the Seattle Pension Union fo llow ing the outrage, the issue was raised w hether i t was leg itim ate fo r the v ic tim s to public ize th e ir case. D r. H erbert J. P h illips , who is fr ie n d ly to the CP leadership, declared: “ The in ­cident was unfortunate, ve ry un fo rtuna te and the People’s W orld should issue a public apology . . . However, i t w ou ld be w rong fo r the SWP to public ize it; i f they do they w ould be rendering a great disservice to the w ork ing class and w ould be g iv ing an ind ica tion of w ha t I th in k is th e ir counter-revo lu tionary character.”

I t is the assault and not the p u b lic ity th a t in ju res the rad ica l movement and renders a “ great disservice to the w o rk ­ing class.” However, had the Com m unist P arty leadership issued a pub lic apology to the v ic tim s, placed the assailants on

tr ia l w ith in the p a rty fo r hooliganism and shown determ ination to defend dem­ocratic methods of resolving differences of opinion, the in ju ry w ould have been m in im ized. W hat w ould have dominated in the pu b lic ity w ou ld have been news of a laudable CP action. A n atmosphere o f fra te rna l re lations w ould have been created, in w h ich a ll differences could be thrashed out and resolved. This would give the rad ica l movement great appeal in the w ork ing class.

B u t the Com m unist P a rty leadership has done noth ing of the k ind. I t glossed over the assault. B y th e ir silence, the CP leaders condone the gang-attack o r­ganized by tw o of th e ir num ber and en­courage fu rth e r acts of violence.

Those who seek to tu rn the ciock back to the days of S ta lin , threaten v io ­lence not on ly against the SWP but against a ll those in the rad ica l movement who d iffe r w ith them, inc lud ing fe llow members of the Com m unist Party- As C lara Kaye, Seattle SWP chairm an and a v ic tim of the assault, stated in rep ly to Dr. P h illip s at the Pension Union fo rum : “ I t is im perative tha t the whole rad ica l pub lic be made aware o f such actions as the attack upon us. O n ly in th is w ay can the pressure of the whole rad ica l movement be brought to bear to prevent a repe tition o f the vicious flou ting of democratic procedure."

A n in form ed rad ica l movement w il l prevent new S ta lin is t outrages and th is w i l l be a great service to socialism and to the w ork ing class.

By W illiam Cumming(Second o f tw o articles)

The S ta lin is t dogma th a t de­v ia tion from the Com m unist P a rty ’s strictures on “ socialist realism ” makes an a rtis t or w r ite r an agent of im peria lis t reaction is com pletely opposed to w ha t genuine M a r x i s m teaches on the question. This should be evident in M a rx ’s praise of Balzac, in Engels’ polemics against dogmatic te iy dentiousness, and in Lenin's articles on Tolstoy. Y e t K h ru ­shchev invokes the shade of Len in and M arx to validate his cla im tha t cap ita lis t penetra­tion is the social base fo r all cu ltu ra l trends tha t do not hew to the pa rty line. And he backs th is up by invok ing the threat o f censorship: those who do not conform w il l not see th e ir w orks published.

The founders of the Soviet state were com pletely opposed to the regim entation o f the w rite r. T h e ir views are em­bodied in Leon T ro tsky ’s L i t ­erature and R evolution, w r it ­ten in 1924 and republished in English last year. T ro tsky, w r it ­ing w h ile the fires of c iv il war were not yet ashes, coupled the demand fo r a "w a tch fu l revo lu tiona ry censorship" w ith tha t o f "broad and flexib le po licy in the fie ld o f a ri, free from petty partisan m alicious­ness."

In another 1924 fo rm u la tion of the re la tion o f the state to the various a rtis tic groups and tendencies, T r o t s k y w rote: “ w h ile ho ld ing over them all the categorical c rite rion , fo r the revo lu tion or against the revo­lu tion , to give them complete freedom in the sphere of a r t i s t i c self-determ ination.” (Emphasis in o rig ina l.)

I t should be noted that, al-1 though he examines c r it ic a lly j m a jo r tendencies in Soviet l i t - ‘ e rature of the early 1920’s — some o f them openly an ti- M arx is t — T ro tsky does not advise invok ing censorship in a single instance. The poetess Anna Akhm atova, whose poems evoked nostalgic sighs fo r the dead past and w e ll-b red dis­taste fo r the realities o f the w orkers ’ regime, won T ro tsky ’s amused c ritic ism and his praise fo r her undoubted t a l e n t . Tw enty-five years la ter, Zhda­nov, S ta lin ’s policeman o f the arts, raged against th is same Akhm atova fo r having dared to w rite a poem about her cat during the siege o f Leningrad. He drove her in to ex ile and drove out o f th e ir posts the editors o f the magazine ir \ w h ich her poems had appeared.

To the Bolsheviks from 1917- 1922, c ritic ism o f a rtis tic ten­dencies in the party press was designed to lig h t the path fo r w rite rs and artists. State cen­sorship m igh t be invoked only in the most extrem e instance — and then fo r po litica l and not a rtis tic or lite ra ry reasons. To S ta lin , “ c ritic ism ” was a method of lig h tin g the path fo r censorship — w ith po litica l and a rtis tic c rite ria fused in to

one. Where Pravda "c ritic izes," the censor cannot be fa r be­hind. I t is th is re la tion between the state and cu ltu re tha t Khrushchev re invoked l a s t year, f o l l o w i n g the b rie f " th a w ."

T ro tsky saw the problems of cu ltu re as revo lv ing around the m utual re lations of a victorious w ork ing class w ith w rite rs and artists coming over from capi­ta lis t society. “ In its struggle fo r the preservation of continu­ity in a rtis tic culture , the le ft w ing of the old art. . . is com­pelled to seek support in the pro le taria t. . . . In its tu rn , the p ro le taria t takes advantage of its position as ru lin g class and tries and begins to make con­tacts w ith a rt in general and . . . to prepare the ground fo r an unprecedentd influence of

C O M PLEX PRO BLEM. T ro tsky saw the re la tion of cu ltu re and society as ex tra ­o rd in a rily complex and com­mented: “ The policy o f theCommunist Party towards a rt is determ ined by the com plex­ity of th is process, by its in ­terna l many-sidedness. I t is impossible to reduce th is policy to one form ula, to something short like q b ird ’s b ill. N or is it necessary to do th is.”

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B u t tha t is w ha t S ta lin ism did as it proceeded to command to the w rite rs , graphic artists and composers w ha t topics they should deal w ith , w hat styles to u tilize or shun, and w ha t to say.

The S ta lin is t regime did not reduce its a rtis tic po licy to “ something short lik e a b ird ’s b i l l ” out of obtuse w illfu lness, bu t because it was absolutely necessary fo r the preservation of the bureaucratic regime that displaced the Soviet democracy o f the firs t years fo llo w in g the revo lu tion. A rtis tic and l ite r ­a ry freedom are incom patib le w ith suppression of a ll forms o f po litica l opposition — es­pecia lly of w orking-class op­position to bureaucratic p r iv ­ilege-seeking.

The example o f V la d im ir Dudintsev is instructive . His novel, Not By Bread Alone, ex­poses mismanagement o f in ­dustry by ru lin g bureaucrats. I t was th row n up by the same wave of w orking-class pressure fo r change w hich forced K h ru ­

shchev to a ttack the “ S ta lin cu lt” a t the 20th Congress .o f the Soviet Com m unist P arty . Editors p rin ted D udintsev (not in too many copies, please note). The book landed I lk * a bombshell in m any c irc le * of the Soviet reading pub lic . S ta l­in is t hacks accused the w riter o f d is to rting the tru th . Angry readers shouted back tha t P it- dintsev's p ic tu re was on ly too true — and tha t there was much more besides.

Then as the bureaucracy re ­gained a tem porary measure o f s tab ility , the governm ent bore

¿iown on the editors and the w rite r, and D udintsev surren­dered. Had Khrushchev genu­ine ly wanted to break w ith tiie S ta lin is l past, he w ou ld have welcomed Not B y Bread A lone as a con tribu tion to the figh t against bureaucratic t y r ­anny. B u t the bureaucracy which cannot re fo rm itse lf and re tu rn to a Len in is t regime o f w orkers ’ democracy, cannot re ­tu rn to a Lenn in is t po licy tow ard a r t and the artis t, e ither.

Seattle Symposium"Does Independent Political Action Demand a United Socialist Ticket?"

H eartP A U L BOW EN: A cqu itted S m ith A c t Defendant. C LA R A K A Y E : Seattle Chairm an, Socialist W orkers

Party .TERRY PETTUS: N orthw est' E d ito r, People’s W orld .

C hairm an:DR. JA Y W. FR IE D M A N : Seattle C hairm an Am erican

Forum fo r Socialist Education.

Thursday, July 31 — 8 P.M. Washington Hall — 14th and East F ir

Ausp.:Seattle Chapter, Am erican Forum fo r Socia list Education-

Union-Busters Assail Hoffa PlanThe B ig Business propaganda machine move — whatever his motives-

is screaming bloody m urder against Team- Just as Big Business is unleashing a llster Union President James H offa ’s pro- of its agencies — propaganda, legislative,posal to u n ify three-and-a-half m illio n ju d ic ia l — against th is u n ify in g move, sotransporta tion workers in to one power- m ilita n t unionists m ust ra lly to the sup­fu l federation. port of the proposal. C erta in ly the unifica-

B ig Business wants big profits. There- tion should be promoted by w ork ing tofore i t fears and hates the prospect of arouse the rank-and-file transporta tionlabor unified, independent and on the workers to democratic pa rtic ipa tion in a llmarch. of the affa irs of the new movement. Cer-

Hoffa ’s proposal, w h ich is supported ta in ly m ilita n ts should po*nt out tha t aby Joseph C urran of the N ationa l M a ri- transporta tion federation of three-and-a-tim e Union and W illia m Bradley of the h a lf m illio n could spearhead a d rive toIn te rna tiona l Longshoremen’s Association, organize 45 m illio n unorganized Am ericanopens the prospect o f ending the deb ili- workers. A nd most im portan t of a ll, im i­ta ting d isun ity among transporta tion itants should see in th is development theunions. ' poss ib ility o f th rus ting labor onto the po-

I t is reported tha t Hoffa proposes to lit ic a l arena as a pow e rfu l and indepen-in v ite the m ilita n t West Coast Longshore- dent force.m en’s Union, led by H a rry Bridges, in to B ig Business newspapers w arn tha tthe new federation. This w ould m ark the the Hoffa proposal raises the specter offirs t big step to do away w ith the sp lit in a sm all c lique of “ labor bosses” .gainingthe labor movement brought about by a stranglehold on the U.S. and even thethe cold-war w itch -hun t d rive against toorld. How easily they dismiss the three-“ Communist dom inated” unions. and-a-half m illio n transporta tion workers,

This paper is no friend of H offa ’s. He in a lliance w ith tens of m illions of otherand his cohorts helped to send Socialist organized workers. The real specter B igW orkers Party leaders and m ilita n t lead- Business fears is the specter of Am ericaners of the M inneapolis Teamsters to ja il labor, unified and m ilita n t, using its vastin 1941 under the infamous Sm ith Act. p o litica l power to put an end to poverty

But we th in k i t would be blindness and w ar and breaking the actual po litica lfo r progressive, le ft-w in g unionists not stranglehold of the clique of b illiona ireto recognize the great m e rit o f H offa ’s monopolists.

...Reactionary Bills( C ontinued fro m Page 1)

segregation w ould have p r io r ity over Federal law , as w ould laws on wages, hours and w o rk in g conditions.

M eanwhile, the Senate For­eign Relations Committee is ho ld ing hearings on various b ills to res tric t or inva lidate the recent Supreme C ourt de­cision w hich held tha t the State D epartm ent was w ith o u t Congressional au tho rity to deny passports on grounds of p o lit ic ­al beliefs or associations.

Since that decision, racist Senator Eastland (D-Miss.) and red-baiting Representative W al­ter (D-Pa.) have been pushing for adoption of a bill to re­verse the court ruling. They were given majo» assists when P r e s i d e n t Eisenhower put strong public pressure on Con­gress for adaption of such a measure and announced the State Department was submit­ting a draft bill.

The State D epartm ent d ra ft, w h ich was introduced into both houses Ju ly 8. w ould deny passports to any one who has been a “ C om m unist” or has en­gaged in “ Com m unist a c tiv ity " in the ten-year period p rio r to his passport application. The measure also provides fo r tra v ­el bans, w ith o u t regard to po­lit ic a l belief, fo r any area of the globe designated by the State D epartm ent as “ d is tu rb ­ed,” o r s im ply on the sweeping ground tha t the app lican t’s trave l abroad m igh t in te rfe re W ith U.S. fore ign policy.

The Dulles b ill also provides

tha t an applicant, denied a passport on grounds tha t his trave l w ould be " in ju r io u s ” to the U.S., w ould have the b u r­den of proving the contrary. This reversal o f the C onstitu ­tional concept that an accused person is innocent u n til proved g u ilty was justified by govern­ment attorneys on the specious ground tha t there is no “ c rim ­ina l” proceeding involved. EA STLA N D -W A LTER B ILL

The Eastland b ill w ould pro­h ib it trave l fo r any person deemed to be engaged in ac­t iv i ty “ w hich w il l fu r th e r the aims and objectives” o f any group a rb ir tra r ly branded “ sub­versive.” The W alte r measure is v ir tu a lly identical.

A “ lib e ra l” counter-measure introduced by Senator H um ph­rey (D -M inn) w ould pe rm it de­n ia l o f passports on grounds of personal beliefs on ly in tim e o f war.

A pa rt from the concept of the b ill tha t c iv il libe rties should apply on ly in times of “ peace,” the fact is that since the Korean “ police action,” the legal concept o f a state of w ar has become v ir tu a lly indefin ­able. Further, h is to ry demon­strates that restrictions firs t es­tablished fo r "exceptiona l” c ir ­cumstances often become the norm ra the r than the except­ion.

Both the passport and “sedi­tion" measures provide fresh proof that each time American capitalism prepares a war for "democracy" abroad, freedom at home becomes the first tar­get for destruction.

Eisenhower Denies Canadian Demands

O TTA W A , C A N A D A , Ju ly 9 — U. S. President Eisenhower- addressed a session of the Canadian p a rlia ­ment today and warned Canadian po litic ians to “ stopb ickering .” I t in terferes w ith * the big job the Washington governm ent has undertaken to w in global supremacy fo r the U.S. The w arn ing was a sharp note in w hat was otherw ise a paterna lis tic lecture to the Ca­nadian parliam ent.

E isenhower advised the Ca­nadians i t w ould take “ com- monsense and a w illingness to give and take” i f Canada were to be perm itted to share, as a ju n io r partner, the advantages o f a U .S.-controlled w orld economy. The v is it o f the Pres­iden t o f the U nited States was to have mended fences. Instead the gap in U.S.-Canadian re la­tions seems to have widened. FEAR U.S. CONTROL

Canadians have expressed fear about dom ination by the U.S. economy. A nd w e ll they m ight. U.S. B ig ' Business has more than $12 b illio n invested in Canada. W ell over 50% of Canada’s basic m anufacturing industries are U.S.-owned. How can Canadian economy and Ca­nadian po licy be independent when its basic industries are handled like branch offices of b ig U.S. firms?

Canada has many complaints against the "good neighbor" policy that flows in across its southern border. The U.S. has dumped its surplus wheat on the world market, shattering prices that determine the w ell­being of Canadian farmers^ A prohibitive embargo has been placed on the import of Ca­nadian oil. Tariffs are high on base metals. And U.S.-Canad- ian trade balance gives joy to U.S. imperialists, but is im ­poverishing the Northern neigh­bor.

Eisenhower flung back every Canadian com pla in t in to the teeth o f the Canadians. The demagogic p la titude tha t the

U.S. and Canada were equal nations negotiating these d if ­ferences is a m a tte r o f r id icu le here. The power o f W all S treet along w ith the invasion of Canada by the U.S. armed forces and the FB I have made the Canadians acutely aware of the inequa lity tha t exists to the advantage o f the U.S.

E isenhower’s Canada tour, like N ixo n ’s tr ip to South Am erica, had the effect of sharpening awareness o f the inequa lity . C ontrad icto ry o ffic ia l statements d id n ’t help much either. One o f E isenhower’s as­sistants stated th a t U.S. sub­s id ia ry companies operating in Canada, bound by U.S. law to p ro h ib it export to China, w ould in the fu tu re make p e rm it ap­p lications tha t could be nego­tia ted between the tw o govern­ments. O ther diplom ats contra­dicted th is idea, apparently agreeing w ith o ffic ia l Canadian spokesmen tha t there w ould be no U.S. restrictions on Canad­ian branches of U.S. companies.

The present Canadian gov­ernm ent was elected a fte r a campaign in w h ich the Prim e M in ister, John D iefenbaker, ad­vocated less dependence on U.S. economy, m a in ly through new trade agreements w ith Great B r i t a i n . Eisenhower warned of the im poss ib ility of breaking w ith “ na tu ra l” ave­nues of trade fo r any “ a rb i­tra ry ” agreements.

However, aside from verbal battles, nothing was gained for Canada from the Eisenhower visit. The formation of a new joint "defense" committee w ill not alleviate Canadian depen­dence nor restore Canada's sov­ereignty. The United Slates, run as it is by Big Business, can only strive to maintain and extend its domination of Ca­nadian economy.

24-Hour Strike Hits Cleveland General Motors

A 24-hour s tr ike halted pro­duction at the General Motors Corporation Ternstedt d iv is ion p lant in Columbus, Ohio, last week. The p lan t produces auto­m otive hardware and employs about 5,500 workers. The com­pany contract w ith the U nited A utom obile W orkers expired May 29 and w ork has proceed­ed w ithou t union contract since tha t time.

Sarah Campbell, president of U A W Local 696, whose mem­bers w o rk a t the p lant, de­scribed the strike as a spon­taneous dem onstration by the w orkers in protest against “ an accum ulation of differences” in ­c lud ing layoffs at the p lant, the lagging pace o f local and na­tiona l new contract talks, and job assignments. Striking work­ers formed picket lines around plant gales and 4,500 workers remained away from their jobs. The walkout was not author­ized by the U AW international leadership.

Socialist Youth Are Acquitted In N.Y. Court

NEW YORK, July 14 — Two young socialists, defended by the Workers Defense League, were acquitted today of dis­orderly conduct charges lodged when the Young Socialist A l­liance tried to hold a street meeting at the Bronx High School of Science last month. R ichard DeHaan, chairm an Of the YSA, and Russell Jones, a YSA member, were found not g u ilty in B ronx M agistrate ’s C ourt in w hat they term ed “ a clear-cut v ic to ry fo r freedom of speech.”

DeHaan and Jones were ar­rested June 3, as police broke up the second of three meet­ings held by the YSA at the school. They were accused o f “ ho ld ing a street meeting w ith ­out a pe rm it.” Two days la te r when the YSA re turned in strength and challenged the police to arrest a ll o f them, the meeting was no t disturbed. Eugene H. Zim m erm an, W D L staff counsel, argued in court tha t a pe rm it was not required to hold a street meeting and tha t the defendants were clear­ly w ith in th e ir constitu tiona l rights.

The favorable verdict repre­sents the second victory by the YSA in recent months against harassing activity by the police.

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National Chairman, Socialist Workers Party

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t h e MILITANTV O LU M E X X I I M O N D A Y, JU LY 21. 1958 NUM BER 29

The NAACP ConventionParley Shows Fighting S p irit and New Vigor

' By Jean SimonC LE V E LA N D , Ju ly 14 — The National Association

for the Advancement of Colored People, meeting here last week in its 49th annual convention, picked up the gauntlet th row n down by the<- recent legal set-back in L it t le Rock, and hurled it back into the face of the w h ite suprema-cists.

From the keynote address by Dr. Channing Tobias, chairman of the board of directors, through all the workshop and plenary sessions of the conven­tion, the evening mass meetings, the official and unofficial state­ments to the press, to the clos­ing speech by Roy Wilkins, ex­ecutive secretary of th'e or­ganization. there was not a hint of discouragement or re­treat in the perspectives of the NAACP.

Rather, a new youthfulness and v ita l ity seemed to permeate the organization. O f the 1,200 delegates an estimated 350 were of the youth and college category, and held the ir own workshops, in add ition to par­tic ipa ting in the fu ll sessions of the convention, its mass m eet­ings and its social events. - L IT T L E ROCK HEROES

The source of the new strength and self-confidence of the Negro m ovem ent reflected in the convention was not hard to find. The nine young men and women who broke the color bar in L it t le Rock were the heroes and heroines o f the week. More than 3,000 persons packed the Public A u d ito rium (another thousand had to be turned away fo r lack o f space in the ha ll) F riday n ig h t when the Spingarn Medal, highest award of the NAACP, was pre­sented to the L it t le Rock youths, and to Mrs. Daisy Bates, head of the Arkansas chapter of the N AAC P.

In presenting the medals, Dr. W illia m E. Stevenson, president of O berlin College, said:

“ Just as the nine Negro stu­dents displayed mature leader­ship when so m any o f the ir elders defaulted, perhaps i t w il l be th e ir contemporaries who w il l w o rk out the fina l solu­tions.”

“ There is considerable ev i­dence,” he added, “ tha t i f the solution had been le ft to teen­agers we m igh t already have made more progress than we have.”

B u t it was not youthfulness alone tha t gave the convention its v ita lity . There was also a consciousness of the historic role of the Negro struggle. I t was expressed in the final mass meeting yesterday by Roy W il­kins:

“ There is no com fort in our resolutions fo r those who com­p la in tha t the Negro is going ’too fast’ and ‘pressing too hard.’

“ In a je t age we cannot be content w ith the c raw l o f a tu rtle . We have w aited too long — we have been too tru ly the soul of patience to be to ld now tha t we must abide by the ‘never-never’ pace o f M issis­sippi and her sister states.

.“ I t is fa r too late in the day in a w orld where men of a ll races are ba ttling fo r freedom and equa lity fo r any band of l it t le men to tu rn back the clock.

“ I f we are wrong, the French Revolution was wrong, the Magna Carta was wrong, our own Am erican R evolution was a mistake, and our B il l o f R ights and C onstitu tion are mere scraps o f paper.

“ I f we are w rong the great re lig ious teachings o f the w orld are wrong. B u t of course we are not wrong. We are in step w ith these times and w ith a ll the times o f m an’s struggle fo r lib e rty th roughout human h is to ry .”CHANGES IN NAACP

The “ L it t le Rock” conven­tion, as the 49th w il l undoubt­edly be remembered, also re ­flected a num ber of subtle bu t deep-going c h a n g e s taking place in the N ational Associa­tion fo r the Advancem ent of Colored People. Most im portan t o f these were:

(1) Recognition of the lim ita­tions of depending on legal struggles and court decisions alone and adoption of a new emphasis on "community ac­tion" to abolish jim crow';

(2) D eterm ination to change the base o f the organization from the “ talented tenth,” the business and professional peo­ple who have tra d itio n a lly con­s titu ted the NAACP, to the Negro masses, who have dem-

De Gaulle to 'Beatniks' In Contents o f New ISR

By Gordon Bailey

The summer issue of the In te rna tiona l Socialist Re­v iew , now on the newsstands, is a bum per num ber of 48 pages instead of the usual 32. Topics covered range frqmthe de Gaulle d icta torsh ip to * the question of the “ Beat Gen­eration.”

In an artic le assessing de G aulle ’s re tu rn to pow er the editors conclude the new re ­gime signifies, not a fu ll-b lo w n Fascist d icta torsh ip , bu t its precursor, a Bonapartist coup d ’etat. They po in t out that the defeat o f .the French w ork ing class is by no means defin itive, and tha t class battles ahead w il l g ive the w orkers fresh op­portun ities to re trieve th e ir po­sitions and move fo rw ard .

An article on depression and one on inflation examines these two maladies of our sick econ­omy. Arne Swabeck in "What Price Depression?" lays bare the grim reality behind the of­ficial rosy forecasts of rapid recovery from the slump. In the firs t of tw o articles in “ The Deep Roots of In fla tion ,” A l ­bert P h illip s develops the con­cept tha t in fla tion is a long term trend inherent in declin ­ing capitalism . He contends the basic cause of in fla tion “ lies in the fa llin g rate of p ro fit alon£ w ith the positive effects of the class struggle.”W H A T ’BEAT’ MEANS

“ Everyone who has l i v e d through a w ar. . . knows what beat means; not so much ‘be­ing filled up to here,’ as being emptied out.” And again, “ To be beat is to be at the bottom of your personality look ing up.”

Quoting David Rike’s obser­vations on "beat" types, she writes: " . . . they want a Change: they want to be able to Dig- the-Scene as human beings, before there isn’t any scene to dig at all. I f it was October, 1956 and we were in Hungary, they'd be behind the barri­cades with the Freedom Fight­ers and participating in the Workers' Councils that sprang up."

W illiam F. W ardc starts a broad survey of the w orld socialist movement from 1848 to the present. This is the first of tw o articles. Theodore Ed­wards in “ Fuera N ixo n ” ex­plains w ha t lay behind the rocks hurled at the Vice’-Presi- dent during his recent La tin - Am erican “ goodw ill” tour. Leon T ro tsky ’s views on the national question are expressed in the form o f a dialogue w ith a young w orker. I t was first published in Pravda, May 1,

The famous “ Beat Gener­a tion” comes under the scrut­iny of Eve lyn Sell who is Socialist W orkers P a rty candi­date fo r U.S. Senator from Michigan. L ib e ra lly q u o t i n g w rite rs Jack Kcrouac, A llen Ginsberg and others. Evelyn Sell defines the “ h ipster,” the “ beat” and the “ bohemc,” and she probes the social protest behind the ir unconform ity. She quotes John C. Holmes who defines “ beat” in Esquire:

1923.The issue of the ISR is

rounded out by seven book reviews, inc lud ing reviews of The Challenge of Soviet E du ­cation. D ubinsky as Hero, Towards the Autom ated Fac­tory, and Nationalism in Co­lonial A frica.

Because of the enlarged size, the summer issue of the ISR sells for 50 cents instead of 35 cents. The contents are well worth it.

Thelma Molhershed, one of nine heoric Negro youths, who defied racist mobs in Little Rock, Ark., last year for the right to unsegregated education. They, along with Mrs. Daisy Bates, received the Spingarn Medal, highest NAACP award at the Association's convention last week.

onstrated — in M ontgomery, Tallahassee and elsewhere — th e ir “ readiness” and the ir strength;

(3) C lear-cut s id ing w ith the labor m ovem ent in its current struggles against union-busting “ r ig h t- to -w o rk ” campaigns;

(4) Preparation fo r battle in the po litica l arena by increased independence from both the

Democratic and R e p u b l i c a n parties and stepped up cam­paigns to guarantee Negroes the r ig h t to vote in the South. EYES OF W ORLD

These and m any other as­pects of the convention were noted in the ve ry extensive coverage o f the meetings, and in numerous in te rv iew s o f dele­gates and o ffic ia ls in the local

d a ily papers, w hich were qu ite conscious, as one headline phrased it, tha t the “ W orld Eyes N AAC P 49th ConventionHere.”

Only brief mention v*as made, however, of the action taken by the gathering on one of the hottest political issues in the host state. The NAACP took a clear-cut stand of opposition to "right to work" laws, making it clear that they are in no sense fair employment prac­tices acts, and urging members to cooperate with unions to oppose such laws.

The te x t o f the resolution fo llows:

“ The N AA C P is una lte rab ly opposed to so-called ‘R igh t to W ork ’ laws as these laws not on ly endanger the organized labor movem ent bu t have a de trim enta l effect on the righ ts of colored wage earners and the economic w e ll-be ing of the en tire Negro com m unity. We note tha t ‘R igh t to W ork ’ leg­is la tion has been enacted in states where c iv il righ ts and c iv il liberties are system atica lly vio lated. We believe the p r i­m ary purpose of the so-called ‘R igh t to W ork ’ leg islation is to suppress trade union organ­ization. We know th a t 'th e re ­su lt o f such laws fo r w o rk ing people is tha t wages are kept low , w o rk ing hours long and conditions of w ork substandard. The ‘R igh t to W o rk ’ laws are not fa ir em ploym ent practice laws and are supported by the opponents of genuine FEP laws.

“ We call upon a ll members, branches and state conferences to cooperate w ith democratic trade union groups in vigorous efforts to prevent the passage o f ‘R igh t to W ork ’ leg islation and to secure the repeal of such l e g i s l a t i o n where it exists.”

Worker's Bookshelfc . - . - i

For Summer ReadingFor those who plan to use

part of th e ir vacations fo r reading o r s tudy Pioneer Pub­lishers recommends the fo l­low ing lis t.

LITER A TU R E A N D R EVO LU ­T IO N . By Leon Trotsky, 256 pp. Previously $3.75. Now $1.98 plus 15 cents postage.

The finest and most compre­hensive M arx is t w o rk on art yet w ritte n . T ro tsky not only extends and enriches earlie r M a rx is t studies of lite ra tu re ; he deals w ith questions h is to ry had not placed before them : the a ttitude o f the w ork ing class and its party to a rt and artists a fte r the conquest of state power.

• * •

UNADDRESSED LETTERS and ART A ND SOCIAL L IFE . By G. Plekhanov. 243 pp $1.00.

This l i t t le book is valuable fo r its m a te ria lis t analysis of the ro le and meaning of a rt from p rim itiv e times to the 19th Century.

• • •A N T I-D U H R IN G . By Frederick Engels. 546 pp. $1.35.

S ta rtin g out as a polemic, th is w o rk developed in to a positive exposition of the d ia ­lectic method and the socialistw o rld outlook.

« • •THE H ISTO R Y OF A M E R I­CAN TRO TSK YISM . By James P. Cannon. 268 pp. Cloth $2.75 Paper $2.00.

The book comprises a series of tw elve lectures delivered in New Y ork. A n absorbing story of the struggle to bu ild a re v ­o lu tiona ry socialist pa rty in the U.S. from the found ing o f the Com m unist P arty to the launch­ing o f the Socialist W orkers P arty in 1938.

• * •

D IA LEC TICS OF NATURE. By Frederick Engels 496 pp. $1.50.

Engels expla ins the basic laws o f d ia lectica l thought, and illus tra tes th e ir w orkings by examples from natura l sci­ence and mathematics.

• • •

THE E I G H T E E N T H BRU- M A IR E OF LOUIS BONA­PARTE. By Karl M arx. Cloth $1.50. Paper 75 cents.

In 1852, an adventurer made h im self d ic ta to r of France u n ­der circumstances and in a manner tha t foreshadowed the rise o f “ strong-m an” ru le in modern times. H ig h ly pertinent as an aid in understanding de G aulle ’s rise to power in France today.

* • «

OUT OF THE DEPTHS. By Barron B. Beshoar 372 pp. Regular price $3.50. Special for

this column $3.00 plus 15 cents postage.

The Lud low Massacre was the end resu lt o f a b itte r ly fought s trike of coal m iners against the Colorado Rockefe ller in te r­est. I t has become the prim e example of the class struggle in its most naked form . This book is a ca re fu lly compiled document of every stage of the struggle and reads like an ex­c iting novel.

* * •

THE JU D G M EN T OF JULIUS AND ETHEL ROSENBERG. By John Wexley. 672 pp. Original price $6.00. Now $3.00 plus 20 cents postage.

A n intensive, ca re fu lly docu­mented exam ination o f the tr ia l o f the Rosenbergs and M orton Sobell. O f this book, Prof. Francis D. W orm uth the West­ern P o litica l Review said: “ Ob­v iously the D epartm ent of Jus­tice cannot answer a ll c r i t i ­cisms. B u t unless i t answers M r. W exley’s, we must con­clude tha t the Rosenberg case is our D reyfus case, outdoing

the firs t in sordidness, c rue lty and te rro r.”

• • *A U TO M A TIO N AND SOCIAL PROGRESS. By S. Lilley. 224 pp. Regular price, $3.75. Spec­ial price, $3.00 plus 15 cents postage.

The technical aspects are ex­amined in deta il, and an analy­sis made of its im pact on the social structure.

* * *

K A R L L IE B K N EC H T. By K arl W. Mayer. 180 pp. Regular price $3.25. Special price, $2.75 plus 15 cents postage.

In the generation since the assassination of th is great revo­lu tio n a ry leader there has been on ly one other b iography of •him w ritte n and it has not been translated from the German.This new biography in English w il l f i l l a deplorable gap in the bookcases o f socialist-m inded Americans.

• • •O rder the above from Pioneer

Publishers, 116U nivers ity Place, New Y ork 3, N.Y.

Local DirectoryBOSTON

W o rke r» E d u ca tio n a l Center, Gains* borough B ldg ., 295 H u n tin g to n A ve .

B U F F A L OM ili ta n t F o ru m , 431 M a in S t.

C H ICAG OS o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty . 777 W.

Adam s, D E 2-9736.C L E V E L A N D

S o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty 10609 Su­p e r io r A ve ., R oom 301, S W 1-1818. Open F r id a y n ig h ts 7 to 9.

D E T R O ITEugene V . Debs H a ll, 3737 W o o d ­

w ard .LOS A N G E LE S

F orum H a ll and M ode rn B ook Shop, 1702 E. 4 th S t. A N 9-4953 o r A N 3- 1533. Book Shop open M on. 7 -9 P .M .; W ed. 8 -10 P .M .j Sat. 12-5 P .M .

M IL W A U K E E 180 E ast Juneau A ve .

M IN N E A P O L ISS o c ia lis t W o rk e rs P a r ty . 322 Hen-

nepin Ave., 2nd flo o r. Open noon to 6 P .M . d a ily except Sundays.

N E W A R KN ew ark L a b o r F o ru m , Box 361,

N ew ark , N. J.N E W Y O R K C IT Y

M ili ta n t L a b o r F o ru m , 116 U n iv e r ­s ity Place, A L 5-7852.

O A K L A N D - B E R K E L E YP.O. Box 341, B erke ley 1, C a lif.

P H IL A D E L P H IAM ili ta n t L a b o r F o ru m and C am ­

pa ign H d q trs . S o c i a l i s t W o rk e rs P a r ty , 1303 W . G ira rd Ave.

SA N FR AN CISCOThe M ili ta n t . 1145 P o lk S t., Rm . 4.

Sat. I I A.Vl. to 3 P.M. Phone: PR 6- 7296; i f no answer. VA 4-232 1.

S E A T T L E655 M a in S t.. M U 2 -7139. L ib ra ry ,

books to re . Classes every F r id a y eve­n in g a t 8 P .M . Open House fo llo w in g at 10:30 P .ty.

ST. L O U ISF o r in fo rm a tio n phone M O 4-7194.

independent ■ S ocialist Campaigners!Have fun at Mountain Spring Camp July 2G-27, the

last weekend before you start the tough job of gather­ing signatures to put the ticket on the ballot.

Bring your friends to hear candidate

John T. McManuson the meaning of the socialist election campaign in face of the war danger.

Only $15 for two full days — proceeds to help finance the election campaign.

Make your reservations early. Call ALgonquin 5- 7852 in New York or call M l. Spring Camp. M Urray 9-1352, at Washington, N. J.